Judge’s Ruling Linked To Disgraced Chemist May Pave Way To Reopen Thousands Of Mass. Cases – WBUR

A superior court judge has ordered a new trial for a man convicted of heroin possession in 2006. That ruling based on the judge's assertion that Massachusetts did not adequately investigate one of its highest-profile drug lab scandals could potentially pave the way for appeals in thousands of othercases in the state.

Last week, Middlesex Superior Court Judge Michael Ricciuti ordered a new trial for Eugene Sutton. The order came on the heels of an April ruling in which Ricciuti wrote that "justice was not done in this case."

The appeal focused on disgraced chemist Sonja Farak's time working at the state's Hinton State Laboratory in Boston. It questioned whether the state had done enough to examine her work there between2003 to 2005 after it was revealed, about a decade later, she had repeatedly used drugs at a state-run lab in western Massachusetts.

In 2014, Farak was convicted on drug charges after admitting to ingesting drugs she was supposed to be testing at the state-run lab in Amherst. The state dismissed thousands of cases she handled at that particular lab in the wake of her misconduct.

Jim McKenna, an attorney for Sutton, argued the state did not properly investigate Farak's work at Hinton.

Ricciuti's latest ruling confirmed that Sutton's conviction is vacated, making him eligible for a new trial. The commonwealth did not object, but the Middlesex district attorney's office did not say if it will pursue a new trial.

McKenna said there are likely thousands more that were affected by Farak's work in Boston.

"Farak tested more than 9,000 samples when she worked in Boston," Mckenna said. "So the same argument brought in my client's case could be brought in the case of each of the people who were convicted based on evidence entrusted to Sonja Farak at that lab."

Last year, State Supreme Judicial Court Associate Justice Scott Kafker agreed with a lower court ruling stating that Faraks Boston work should have been reviewed. Other judges also questioned the scope of the states drug lab investigation.

The Massachusetts Office of the Inspector General said it conducted a review, but has provided conflicting statements about its reach. In one court filing, the office said it had not conducted a thorough review of Farak or other chemists at the Hinton Lab.

McKenna said the government failed to act.

"The majority of those convicted are from minority communities," McKenna said. "I don't think it's a coincidence that there has been no real investigation as to whether these convictions are valid. I don't think this would have happened if the defendants were white and suburban."

Farak pleaded guilty to tampering with evidence and other drug charges and was sentenced to 18 months in jail. Her conviction followed another drug lab scandal at the Hinton Lab involving former chemist Annie Dookhan. In 2013, Dookhan was convicted of tampering with drug evidence. She was released from prison in 2016.

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Judge's Ruling Linked To Disgraced Chemist May Pave Way To Reopen Thousands Of Mass. Cases - WBUR

‘Twilight’: Robert Pattinson Shared the Secret To His Chemistry With Kristen Stewart in the Movie – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

For Twilight stars Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart, the connection that they shared extended far beyond the big screen. The pair were in a serious relationship throughout their tenure filming the Twilight Saga movies. While fans were obsessed with their off-screen romance, they were even more enthralled with the relationship that their characters, Bella Swan and Edward Cullen shared. But what was it that made the chemistry between Pattinson and Stewart so palpable on screen?

Stewart has been open about the fact that she felt an instant synergy with Pattinson right off the bat. Shed already been cast in Twilight when Pattison auditioned for the role of Edward. She felt that his work far outshone all the other actors who were up for the role and she advocated for him to land the part. Pattinson also felt in awe of Stewart as he was familiar with some of her previous work.

The chemistry only grew as the pair began working together. In an interview with Collider, Pattinson shared that the intensity of some of the scenes in Twilight lent themselves to developing intimacy with Stewart. It was strange, Pattinson shared. Like I definitely had a thing with Kristen like that. I mean, all the scenes are pretty intense and when youre working with one person most of the time especially on a relationship that seems impossible when you first start it you get like a little bubble.

RELATED: Twilight: How the Success of the Movies Completely Changed the Cast Dynamic

The Twilight alum continued on to share that he believed that the real secret to his chemistry with Stewart had a lot to do with their real-life personalities. According to the actor, his true persona is in direct contrast with Edward and the same is true for Stewart and Bella. I think it was just doing the opposite of what the actual story is, thinking about it in the opposite way, Pattinson shared.

Pattinson even recalled feeling this direct contrast when he was auditioning for Twilight. Even in a scene where Edward was supposed to be displaying the extent of his power, he played the role in a wounded way. Stewart, on the other hand, lent her strength to what could easily be seen as the weaker character.

Right from the beginning in the audition we did the meadow scene which isnt in a meadow in the film, but its supposed to be about, I guess, him trying to intimidate her and her looking at him with nothing but love and adoration and awe, as if this god has just come down to meet her, Pattinson revealed about his Twilight audition. But I really thought and I played it as this god is broken at this normal girls feet. Even the position that we were in at the end I was literally kneeling at her feet.

The Twilight alum continued on to share how different he and Stewart are from their characters. I cant remember what happens in the movie, but that was in the audition, Pattinson stated. She was doing this mothering thing as hes looking to this normal girl for support. I think that really works. Shes very strong. Shes not a damsel type girl. Its weird. They just cast the opposite people. Im a wreck and shes really strong and its supposedly the other way around. I think thats why it kind of worked.

Pattinson certainly had a unique way of explaining the chemistry between him and Stewart in Twilight. Were sure the actors personal feelings only added to the chemistry that fans felt between them on screen. While theres been no talk of the actors reuniting on screen, wed love to see what would happen if they stepped into different characters in a future project.

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'Twilight': Robert Pattinson Shared the Secret To His Chemistry With Kristen Stewart in the Movie - Showbiz Cheat Sheet

Fortin’s barometer and balance | Opinion – Chemistry World

On a wall at the back of our teaching lab stores hangs a case, dusty and forgotten, containing an old black and silver barometer almost a metre in length. It is a relic of a former age when precise measurement of atmospheric pressure was not available in two clicks of a mobile phone. Built by the British scientific equipment house Griffin and George, a close look shows it to be a Fortin barometer the screw at the base gives it away the first truly portable mercury barometer. Today few will have heard the name Fortin, and fewer realise the critical role that he played in establishing chemistry as a quantitative science and in defining the metric system of units.

Jean-Nicolas Fortin was born in 1750 in the village Heilles, some 20km south of the town of Beauvais in France. He had two brothers, neither of whom survived to adulthood, and one sister. His father was a labourer, while his mother died when he was 12. He must have been apprenticed in some way but there is no known record of his education and training. Although it is sometimes suggested that he started by making globes, this is almost certainly the result of confusion with his contemporary Jean-Baptiste Fortin (no relation), a map- and globe-maker who published a French edition of the British astronomer John Flamsteeds star atlas.

Nicolas Fortin made his name when he presented a hand-cranked double piston vacuum pump to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1779. Tested by Antoine Lavoisier and three coworkers, one of whom was Pierre-Simon Laplace, a brief report recommended the pump to the Academy, noting that the valves were positioned well away from the platform supporting the bell jar. Lavoisier would buy several for his laboratory and examples of Fortins pumps still exist, beautiful in their design and workmanship.

Lavoisier and his wife had recently nailed down the composition of water. Hydrogen was of considerable interest because of its low density. The Mongolfier brothers spectacular ascent in a hot air balloon in 1782 was followed only days later by a flight by Jacques Charles in a hydrogen-filled balloon made of rubberised silk. The excitement led the Academy of Sciences to commission studies to improve the preparation of hydrogen on a large scale, and to develop improved fabric to contain the gas. Fortin contributed a foil-backed fabric that was widely praised.

By 1784 Fortin had become one of Lavoisiers trusted instrument makers alongside Pierre-Bernard Megni, who had constructed the gasometers that allowed Lavoisiers group to weigh gases as they were absorbed or evolved for reactions. Although Fortin may also have made some of these, the evidence for this is a little ambiguous.

But he is certain to have made the apparatus for studying the combustion of oils, consisting of a copper reaction chamber linked through glass scrubbing tubes to four glass bulbs about 20cm in diameter. The entire apparatus is mounted on a wooden stand and the polished brass fittings are equipped with elegant winged stopcocks. It is a thing of beauty that is on display at the Muse des Arts et Mtiers in Paris. For the commission, Fortin received 390 livres (approximately 5200 in modern terms). After seeing the apparatus in January, it struck me that the great portrait of Lavoisier and his wife, commissioned from the painter Jacques-Louis David around this time, includes a large round-bottomed flask with a fitting that looks suspiciously similar to those on the oil apparatus. Was it one of Fortins?

As Lavoisiers work to quantify chemistry advanced, it became obvious that the balances he was using were not accurate enough. To compensate for this, Lavoisier had adopted double weighing, where each measurement was made twice, swapping the flask and the weights between the two pans, and taking the average value. Now, however, Lavoisier needed a balance on a different level of precision from what had come before. In the summer of 1788 he turned to Fortin for the job.

Fortin delivered something truly exquisite that laid down the rules for future analytical balances. The balance itself was enclosed in a large rosewood box with glass sides and sliding doors to protect it from the least draught; Lavoisier ordained that it sit in a separate room to avoid the influence of corrosive vapours from the laboratory. Two large pans hung from the ends of a metre-long mild steel beam. A large lever at the base of the box could raise the beam using two arms connected to the central post, so that the beam was locked while being loaded. Sliding the lever gently lowered the beam onto a knife-edge made from wear-resistant quenched (martensitic) steel. A small microscope allowed the experimenter to read a pointer from outside the closed box. The balance operated to a precision of about one part per million. With it Lavoisier was able to draw the conclusion that underpins all of chemistry (but which he never actually wrote): Rien ne se perd. Rien ne se cre. Tout se transforme. (Nothing is lost. Nothing is created. Everything changes).

Fortin also delivered two other balances with smaller beams. Lavoisier was delighted, and described them in detail in his Trait Elementaire de Chimie, noting that they combine all the corrections and conveniences one might desire. I cannot imagine any other, with the possible exception of one made by [Jesse] Ramsden, that can compare both in accuracy and in precision. It had cost 600 livres but was worth its weight in gold. Over the next 30 years, Fortin would make several other balances along the same lines for chemists like Louis-Jacques Thnard, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Michel-Eugne Chevreul. At least two of the balances still survive.

All of this equipment did not come cheap. Lavoisier had realised very early on that to do science would require serious means; with the help of his father he had bought a lucrative position as a partner in the Ferme Gnrale, the semi-autonomous corporation that collected certain taxes on behalf of the Crown. The French Revolution, when it came in 1789, would lead to disaster for Lavoisier. But in an unexpected twist it also laid the foundations of much more quantitative science.

In August 1789, the newly established National Assembly of France voted to abolish the feudal system of land ownership. The result was a collapse of the system of measurement which had been under the control of the aristocratic landowners and which, not coincidentally, had allowed them to rip off the farmers who worked the land. Amid the resulting chaos, the Bishop of Autun, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord, made a proposal as revolutionary as it was nerdy: a new unified system of measurement should be introduced. The Academy of Sciences was tasked with the creation of a new system of what Talleyrand called natural units.

King Louis XVI rubber-stamped the measure in 1790 and a commission to study the problem was set up. It was given the huge budget of 300,000 livres with Lavoisier chosen to administer the funds. A new unit, the metre, would be defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the equator to the pole. This led to a survey that took several years of repeated triangulation to measure the distances along the meridian that runs from Dunkirk through Paris to Barcelona. One of the key instruments used for the survey was made by Fortin.

There is no record that anyone actually said The Republic has no need for scholars and chemists

The task of defining mass was assigned by the commission to Lavoisier and Ren Just Hay, who proposed that it be defined by the mass of a cubic decimetre of water, determined at the melting point. They made painstaking measurements in air and in vacuum, using a hydrometer designed by Fortin. The work stopped in 1793 as the Revolution grew in intensity, and the Academy of Sciences was disbanded. Lavoisier, Hay, and several other members were denounced by the rabble-rousing journalist Jean-Paul Marat and arrested. As a leading member of the Ferme Gnrale, scurrilous pamphlets about Lavoisier were circulated both by revolution
aries on the left and by opponents on the right, and he was put on trial. While there is no record that anyone actually said The Republic has no need for scholars and chemists, the pleas of his colleagues fell on deaf ears. Lavoisier was executed in 1794.

After his death, Fortin, physicist Jacques Charles and the instrument maker Etienne Lenoir (another of Lavoisiers artistes mechaniciens) were asked to make an inventory of Lavoisiers lab. The collection included over 13,000 pieces of chemical and physical equipment, much of which was then spirited away to the Chateau la Caniere near Auvergne for safe-keeping. It later entered the collection of the Muse des Arts et Mtiers. I would urge you to go and see it.

By 1795, as things calmed down, the commission was reinstated and the new metric system was enshrined in law. After the original determinations were rechecked, Fortin was tasked with making a provisional kilogram standard out of copper, a cylinder as wide as it was high, along with a special comparator to establish its dimensions. With the mass fixed, the Kings former jeweller Marc-Etienne Janetti was given 48kg of crude platinum from which he cast four prototype metres and four cylindrical kilogram weights. Fortin was tasked with adjusting the cylindrical kilograms using his balances to check and recheck their mass, making meticulous buoyancy corrections. He returned one weight to Janetti because it was unsatisfactory.

Fortins work for the commission is well-documented and his signature appears in the minutes of the meetings where the talons (standards) were presented and approved. He later worked extensively with the Paris Observatory and with the Office for Longitude. Both he and Lenoir made astronomical and surveying instruments, as well as further copies of the various talons, including a metre standard for the Royal Society in London.

But Fortin had one last trick up his sleeve: a portable barometer. The barometer was constructed at the centre of a hinged wooden tripod that doubled as protection for the delicate glass parts when carried. To calibrate the barometer and ensure that the level of mercury at the bottom could be adjusted, Fortin equipped the cylindrical glass reservoir with an ivory pointer and a leather base. Turning the screw at the bottom pressed the leather upwards until the level of the mercury in the reservoir just touched the pointer.Hence the scale, read with a Vernieron a rack and pinion mounting, never needed to be moved. Fortin barometers were almost universal in laboratories until about 30 years ago.

Fortin was given many prizes and made Chevalier of the Lgion dHonneur in 1822. But he seems to have been a modest man who remained hands-on and never expanded his workshop; he worked with his daughter Marie-Josephine and no more than a couple of employees. After his death in 1831, he was gradually forgotten. In 1901, his remains were ceremoniously moved from a cemetery in Paris to his home village of Heilles where a monument was constructed. No trace of this remains aside from small plaque in his memory that stands at the junction of a country road, a small reminder of the critical role played by technical staff. Perhaps its a small thing, but isnt it time to move the barometer back out into the lab where it belongs?

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Fortin's barometer and balance | Opinion - Chemistry World

Enablement and Definiteness of Broad, Generic Chemical Formulae – Past Informative PTAB Decisions – Lexology

Ex parte Hicks is a 2007 decision of the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (BPAI) that is listed among the Patent Trial and Appeal Boards (PTAB) informative decisions. Ex parte Hicks is indicated by the PTAB to be informative as to Specification and claim requirements 35 U.S.C. 112 Enablement Indefiniteness scope.

According to the PTABs Standard Operating Procedure, [i]nformative decisions set forth Board norms that should be followed in most cases, absent justification, although an informative decision is not binding authority on the Board.

In Ex parte Hicks, the BPAI considered whether a compound claim defined by a broad, generic chemical formula was properly enabled and definite.

Independent claim 23 was at issue:

A compound of the formula

wherein:

R2 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, provided that R2 is attached to said nitrogen atom in (II) by a carbon atom that has at least 2 other atoms that are not hydrogen attached to it; and

R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or a functional group, provided that any two of R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring;

L1 is a monodentate monoanionic ligand and L2 is a monodentate neutral ligand or an empty coordination site, or L1 and L2 taken together are a monoanionic bidentate ligand.

In rejecting the claim, the examiner focused on the broad scope of certain limitations (emphasized above) and the limited number of working examples in the specification.

As to enablement, the examiner conceded that the specification included some working examples of compounds within the scope of the claims and was enabling for at least those compounds. However, the examiner asserted that [t]here is no guidance or working examples present for compounds of the formula II with varying functional groups or ligands. As evidence that the claimed compounds could be made without undue experimentation, applicant provided the examiner with results of a Chemical Abstracts search, showing that synthesis of substituted aminotropones in which the nitrogen atom is a secondary amine was known in the art. The examiner argued that this evidence did not address the specifications deficiency in showing how to synthesize compounds within the scope of the claim with varying functional groups.

The BPAI emphasized that that the lack of working examples alone is not fatal to a finding of enablement, because the patent specification is written for a person of skill in the art, and such a person comes to the patent with the knowledge of what has come before. The BPAI found that the examiner had merely pointed to the absence of working examples without providing argument or evidence to rebut the applicants evidence, and this was insufficient to sustain an enablement rejection.

With respect to the term functional group, the examiner noted the specifications definition as groups which are inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing the group is subjected and which do not substantially interfere with any process that the compound in which they are present may take part in. The examiner asserted that this functional definition was not sufficient to permit identification of functional groups of any particular structure, much less provide guidance as to how to synthesize compounds including combinations of functional groups.

The BPAI noted the specifications disclosure of the process conditions to which the compound containing the [functional] group is subjected, and stated that the examiner had failed to provide evidence or reasoning for why a skilled artisan would not have been able to determine whether a functional group falls within the scope of the claim without undue experimentation.

The examiner further asserted that the term substituted in substituted hydrocarbyl rendered the claim indefinite because of the absence of the specific moieties intended to effectuate modification by substitution or attachment to the chemical core. The specification defined a substituted hydrocarbyl as having one or more substituent groups which are inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing these groups is subjected. The substituent groups also do not substantially interfere with the process. The BPAI again found that the examiner had failed to demonstrate why a skilled artisan would not have been able to identify substituents falling with the scope of the claim based on the functional definition.

Takeaway: This case was decided based on the BPAIs view that the examiner failed to carry his burden. If an examiner rejects a compound claim as not enabled or indefinite based on the breadth of a feature of a compound claim, the examiner should be pressed to provide evidence and/or an affirmative rationale for why the feature would have been beyond the grasp of a skilled artisan. Use of terms like substituted can be desirable as they provide flexibility and breadth. While it may be undesirable to explicitly identify every substituent intended to be encompassed by a term such as substituted, a functional definition and identification of some exemplary groups may be helpful in avoiding rejections/challenges based on scope.

Judges: Mills, Grimes, Green

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Enablement and Definiteness of Broad, Generic Chemical Formulae - Past Informative PTAB Decisions - Lexology

Phil Baran on the Quest to Make Chemistry Boring Again – Bio-IT World

September 3, 2020| Phil Baran of Scripps Researchdelivered the keynote address at the Drug Discovery Chemistry Virtual meeting last Thursday, providing a captivating mixture of hardcore synthetic chemistry and his underlying philosophy. The focus of his talk was translational chemistry, the synthetic techniques that move beyond esoteric academic pursuits to find mainstream use in creating successful pharmaceuticals.

Baran began by reviewing the most commonly used reactions in modern drug synthesis, finding that most are boring, not specific to any synthetic stage, and fall primarily into the four categories of amide bond formation, reductive amination, Suzuki coupling, and Buchwald-Hartwig Ullman Goldberg reactions. Baran says this is not because medicinal chemists lack creativity but is instead an indicator that a truly useful synthetic reaction implies a wide scope, is simple to run, and is an essential transformation of readily available starting materials, paraphrasing Barry Sharpless. Thus, If you can invent a reaction that becomes boring, thats a great compliment, according to Baran. Some of the reactions we thought of as being exciting 20 years ago, we take for granted today.

Barans group is focused on the synthesis of marine natural products, such aspalauamine, which often requires the development of new synthetic techniques. Baran quickly recounted how aMinisci-type radical-based reaction using silver to accomplish direct arylation of electron-deficient heterocycles started a new direction for the lab that culminated in the development of zinc sulfinate salts (now known asdiversinates, available from Sigma-Aldrich) that easily form radicals in the presence of Tert-butyl hydroperoxideand add to electron-deficient heterocycles. The facile nature of the reaction was demonstrated unconventionally by thedifluoromethylationof caffeine in oolong tea performed in a paper cup. Baran believes industry players saw this and said to themselves if this is working in this rather cowboy way on late-stage tea-derived material, its probably going to work at the end of my analog campaign to explore late-stage diversification.

Baran repeated at several points throughout his talk thathe wants his efforts to simplify synthesis.We dont want to do chemistry that is gimmicky; we want to enable a transformation that couldnt be easily or safely done before.He showed the example ofapharma-useful,5-step, weeklong synthetic effort toadd atrifluoromethylcyclopropanegroup to a heterocyclewith3% yield.Working in one-electron chemistry usinga sulfinate salt, the same product could be obtained in 2 steps, effectively removing theconcept ofstages from this synthesis.

He spoke about radical chemistry with heterocycles and reported collaborative work with Donna Blackmonds group to show that, contrary to some popular opinion that radical reactions are poorly controlled, substituted heterocycles have predictable and pH-modulable reactivity, work that was published inJACS(https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja406223k). He showed an example from a Gilead patent where a trifluoromethylation site could be easily predicted usingChemdraw13C NMR shift predictionsthe smallest shift indicating the most nucleophilic site is where substitution will occur.

Reviewing the scope of these reactions seven years after their development illuminated their ubiquity in pharmaceutical patents (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01303). According to Baran, What was remarkable to us, was that although the chemistry was developed from the vantage point of late-stage functionalization people were using this at any stage. He showed additional examples of similar chemistry to add olefins and to form carbon-nitrogen bonds, again greatly reducing steps and improving yields in select examples.

Baran discussed his labs development in collaboration with Pfizer to develop strain-release amination reagents, spring-loaded, highly strained bridged building blocks that can be used to quickly appendbioisosteressuch aspropellanes, azetidines, andcyclobutanes. Again, he discussed how this chemistry, using what were once considered molecular oddities and developed to work in late-stage modification, is amenable to all synthetic stages and can even be used in the extreme for bio-modification, such as selectively reacting with cysteine in a larger peptide molecule. This work found publication inScience(https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad6252). He highlighted that the bicyclobutanes accessible with strain-release reagents arebioisosteresfor acrylamide and have very similar GSH reactivity. According to Baran, The strain-release reagents are fast ways of decorating your compounds kind of like you put ornaments on your Christmas tree.

The strain-release reagents were extended to the use of housanes, strained bridged five-membered rings that can be openedstereospecificallyby amines, alcohols, thiols, acids, selenides, amides, and even carbon nucleophiles to obtain useful products. This work appeared inJACS(https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b13229). Onceagainhe shared a great example of a simple-lookingaminoflurocompound that previously required an 8-step synthesis but could be prepared rapidly in 2 steps using ahousane.

He highlighted other recent work involving the activation of carboxylic acids to redox-active esters for synthesizing ketones, alcohols, and amines through one-electron chemistry, work that was reported inJACS(https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b02238).

Baran spent a few minutes discussing the hot new (but incredibly old) field of electrochemistry. Barans group worked closely with IKA to help develop theElectraSyn, a small benchtop device with apotentiostatfor accurately applying current to enable redox chemistry that he says basically every pharma company now has on hand. You cant get cheaper than an electron, but according to Baran, cost is not a sufficiently powerful motivator. You need to tell a medicinal chemist about enablement. An example of the utility of this setup was shown with the synthesis of a hindered ether, which Baran said could only previously be achieved after completing a miserable campaign of SN1 addition reactions over 6 days to obtain ~6% yield. Barans group expanded on an interrupted Kolbe-type reaction in which electrochemical oxidation frees carbocations from carboxylic acids to accomplish a direct decarboxylative etherification, and his group optimized reaction conditions to greatly improve yield and tolerate a vast range of substituents. The hindered ether shown prior could now be obtained in just 2 steps, in 15 hours, and with 51% yield. An additional example molecules synthesis was cut from 14 steps over 9 days with 5% yield to 3 steps, 21 hours, and 22% yield. That work was published recently inNature(https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1539-y).

Baran showedanexpansion of this techniqueto create C-N bonds,trimming thesynthesis of acereblonbinder compound from 6 stepsin6% yield to one step and 52% yield.Again, the method tolerates all sorts of different functionalgroups, and this work is not yet published.

Finally, he shared new unpublished work in which olefins can add to ketones using electrochemical nucleophilic addition and showed a 7-step synthesis of a steroidal hedgehog signaling inhibitor being shortened to a 2-step procedure (though theBocdeprotection step is being optimized). The mechanism is still being elucidated, but they believe a ketal-type radical is forming on the carbonyl, which adds to the olefin.

Baran summarized the synthetic technique developments of his lab and supplemented more philosophy. It started off fundamental, we start with natural products, and it ended up being something that translates to useful chemistry that medicinal chemists use to make useful molecules. Radicals can be really, really useful vehicles to get you into late-stage or early-stage functionalization, he adds.

Will these reactions become boring one day? I hope! he exclaims. Maybe, fiftyyears from now, well look back in curiosity at chemists of our age who had stages in their s
yntheses instead of making everything in 1-3 steps.

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Phil Baran on the Quest to Make Chemistry Boring Again - Bio-IT World

Global Megatrends Will Transform the Chemical Industry Over the Next 20 Years – WhatTheyThink

Climate change, sustainability, and digital transformation will drive massive change for future chemicals companies

Boston, Mass. Over the next 20 years, the chemicals and materials industries will face fundamental changes, forcing them to adopt new skills and develop new goals. These changes will have a major impact on the flow of both materials and information. In the new report The Chemicals and Materials Company of 2040, Lux Research outlines the factors impacting these industries and how they will cause large-scale change.

There are four megatrends currently shaping the chemicals and materials industries: feedstock and resource transformation, sustainability, change in consumer demand, and digital transformation. The first two will impact the flow of materials, while the last two will impact the flow of information.

The future companies of the chemicals industry will look drastically different from today, says Lux Research Senior Analyst and lead author of the report, Anthony Schiavo. Companies that do not evolve and invest in sustainability initiatives and digital transformation will not survive the change.

Sustainability pressure will manifest in multiple forms: Changing demand for energy driven by the growth of electrified mobility will alter the economics of gas and petroleum feedstocks, while the need to create sustainable plastics and chemicals will drive the use of bio-based and recycled resources. At the same time, climate change will hurt the economics of large-scale, centralized refineries and traditional production processes. These factors will push the chemicals industry into a production paradigm that is smaller-scale, more distributed, local, and flexible, explains Schiavo. Techniques like chemical recycling and fermentation will be the major beneficiaries of this shift, as well as business models that enable more flexibility. These technologies align with growing consumer demand for materials and products that are more sustainable and personalized.

The explosion of digital technologies has made it possible to collect more data on the physical operations of the chemicals industry than ever before. At the same time, digital sales platforms are enabling far more transparency into the flows of goods and money, as well as the buying behaviors for customers in the industry. The most notable impacts of digital transformation will be in business models. New tools and data will be crucial to enabling service-based and outcome-driven business models. This will help the chemicals industry maintain growth in the face of lowered consumption and deliver customized products to smaller and smaller market niches. Digital sales platforms will erode these differences between commodity and specialty chemicals businesses by making it easier to bring a degree of customization even to commodity materials while lowering the cost.

This will cause a new split in the industry between premium chemical companies and budget chemical companies, adds Schiavo. Premium chemical companies will integrate new digital tools with traditional specialty chemical services such as formulation development and manufacturing assistance as well as becoming deeply involved in product development with their customers. Budget chemical companies will sell high-quality specialty materials at rock-bottom prices, but only offer online and automated support. Chemical companies need to begin planning their response now to avoid being caught flat-footed.

For more information, download the executive summary of the report.

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Global Megatrends Will Transform the Chemical Industry Over the Next 20 Years - WhatTheyThink

FIFA 21 Ultimate Team chemistry styles revealed with new icons – Dexerto

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EA Sports is revamping chemistry styles in FIFA 21 well, kind of. They are getting a fresh lick of paint with some new icons to match the theme of the new title, with EA revealing the 22 different styles on September 10.

When it comes down to it, chemistry styles in FUT can be the difference maker between breaking through an opponents defense or getting trounced yourself. You dont want your star players working against you with chemistry styles that dont suit them or your style of play.

Thats what makes the news of the potential of more chemistry styles coming out exciting. Some new ones could be made to fill the void left by the current set.

EA has finally revealed exactly what chemistry styles are coming to FIFA 21. 22 styles will be available to FUT players, each with a unique set of boosted stats to get the most out of your players. They have even gotten a fresh lick of paint, which might take some getting used to.

If you were hoping for some new styles, you are out of luck for now. The 22 chemistry styles EA revealed for FIFA 21 are all the same from FIFA 20. The numbers haven't even changed, although this could be an option as the title nears launch.

If you need a quick refresher of the different chemistry styles, weve tabled them down below for you.

Obviously, if EA makes any changes to chemistry styles, we will let you know. Be sure to follow our Twitter account @UltimateTeamUK so you dont miss when the hottest FIFA 21 news drops. The launch is only weeks away now, so get excited.

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FIFA 21 Ultimate Team chemistry styles revealed with new icons - Dexerto

Sour beer: The chemistry behind this wondrously complex craft brew – CNN

"We know the beers taste amazing and look beautiful," said Teresa Longin, a professor of chemistry at the University of Redlands in California, who is presenting the new research this week at the American Chemical Society.

Her husband, David Soulsby, also a Redlands professor of chemistry, kept urging her to use her expertise to help explain the seemingly endless varieties and complexities of sour beer.

The two researchers performed a chemical analysis to find out which molecules were springing up during sour beers' brewing and fermenting processes, and to get a sense of how densely or sparsely a given compound was dispersed in the mix.

While scientists have previously studied the chemical makeup of a finished batch of sour beer, it's rare to get a look into the ways the microbes and chemicals are playing off each other as the beer actually is being made.

"As far as we're aware, people haven't done this before," Longin said. "Each individual barrel is its own ecosystem. It's a very parallel process to the way wine is made."

Molecular science meets a beer with history

Sour beers are created with a process in which wild yeast and bacteria are able to colonize freshly brewed beer, and that mixture undergoes spontaneous fermentation. Brewers cool the mixture and place it in barrels so that it can age for months or years.

The process has been used in Europe for centuries and is popular in the exploding American craft beer scene.

"The Belgians are experts at aging," Soulsby said. Sours often include fruit additives, such as peaches or blackberries, which help contribute to the far-flung tastes they're known for.

Various chemical processes occur in sour brewing including the interactions between acetic acid, found in vinegar, and lactic acid, which is cultured to make yogurt.

"When it ages, those flavors blend together," Soulsby explained. "Over time sugar is released, and it can become more balsamic."

In practice, though, the process is wildly unpredictable, subject to innumerable microscopic whims.

"Some batches of beer made three or four days apart could end up with different concentrations," he said.

Scientists collaborate with a local brewer

For fans, the allure of a sour comes in its uniquely tangy aroma and taste.

"That's what hooked me. I still get that every time I open a barrel," said Bryan Doty, who co-founded with his wife, Chintya, the brewery Sour Cellars in Rancho Cucamonga, California, about 40 miles east of Los Angeles.

Sour Cellars gave the Redlands researchers access to the beers fermenting in its barrels.

After he began home brewing around 2011, Bryan Doty's passion for sour beers was born after only a few batches. He was captivated by the many ways the beers could be crafted as well as the unique flavor possibilities when they reached a connoisseur's lips.

"It was a hobby that got out of control," he said.

Today, that hobby has fermented into a warehouse housing upward of 300 oak barrels, formerly used for red and white wines, each now incubating a batch of original sour beer during some stage of its lifestyle. Sour Cellars produces about 20 different beers each year, depending on which fruits might be available or in season.

The brewery seeks to follow "laborious and time-consuming traditional Belgian methods, combined with modern technologies to create more interesting aromas and flavors."

Through practice, Bryan Doty has found that fiddling with one variable or another can result in vastly different tastes once the beer is ready for bottling.

For instance, at the beginning, differences in a batch's pH level or mtemperature are key details to monitor or tweak. He also likes to experiment with rapidly cooling some or all of a particular batch. He documents weather patterns to keep track of how overall atmospheric conditions might be influencing the taste of a brew. And using different yeasts contributes mightily to how sour a particular beer might become.

For sours, the length of time the beer has to age is one of the key ways Sour Cellars creates the more complex and nuanced flavors for which it's known.

"I like to keep it in the barrel for at least a year," Bryan Doty said.

Unlike other more common types of beer, the brewing process for sours is lengthier, allowing beers more time to age, not unlike a good wine. Some of Bryan Doty's brews age for three or four years. This year, for instance, Sour Cellars is finally letting customers take swigs from a blend that the team began brewing in 2016, just after the brewery officially opened its doors.

New science helps fine-tune the brewing process

So far, the collaboration between Sour Cellars and the Redlands researchers is in its nascent stages.

"All of the stuff we did was following one barrel from one batch over a year," Longin said. That means there's nearly an endless number of ways she and Soulsby can keep investigating sour beer.

The scientists plan to continue delving into the dizzying chemical complexities that sours offer, in an effort to help Brian Doty, and brewers everywhere, to design methods to improve their process.

For Brian Doty, working at the frontiers of molecular science is a long way from the proverbial bathtub where many brewers get their start. He plans to keep working with the scientists to glean more direct insights into the types of concoctions he can pour for visitors to the Sour Cellars tasting room in years to come.

"Bryan is working with us so he can make better beer," Longin said.

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The GLOBAL CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR DEFENSE MARKET is expected to grow by $ 5.36 bn during 2020-2024 progressing at a CAGR of…

New York, Sept. 03, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "GLOBAL CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR DEFENSE MARKET 2020-2024" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05955038/?utm_source=GNW Our reports on CBRND market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current global market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by the growing chemical and biological warfare by militants and development of nuclear weapons. In addition, growing chemical and biological warfare by militants is anticipated to boost the growth of the market as well. The CBRND market analysis includes product segment and geographic landscapes.

The CBRND market is segmented as below: By Product CBRN protection CBRN detection CBRN decontamination CBRN simulation and training

By Geographic Landscape North America Europe APAC MEA South America

This study identifies the increased use of improvised explosive devices as one of the prime reasons driving the CBRND market growth during the next few years. " The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters. Our CBRND market covers the following areas: CBRND market sizing CBRND market forecast CBRND market industry analysis"

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05955038/?utm_source=GNW

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Tuber blight: New class of chemistry helps in the fight – The Scottish Farmer

AS WELL as having one of the few label recommendations for tuber blight, BASF's fungicide, Percos, also has the benefit of being from a unique class of chemistry.

Containing ametoctradin and dimethomorph, they are complex III inhibitors (pyrimidylamines) with a totally different mode of action to all other complex III inhibitors in the market.

Ametoctradin is a good partner for other actives, working with them to bring out the best in both when partnered propertly, said BASF.

It works by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration to provide effective protectant activity by preventing spore germination, plus a direct and indirect effect on zoospores, stopping them being released, or preventing movement for those already present.

Within this group of respiratory complex III inhibitors, there are a number of sub groups where the target site of activity has already been confirmed, for instance Qol inhibitors, or strobilurins (famoxadone and fenamidone) and Qil inhibitors (cyazofamid and amisulbrom).

Ametoctradin is different, classified as a QoSi inhibitor, binding to the stigmatellin subsite within the respiratory complex III. What is important is that ametoctradin is the first and only active ingredient in this classification that is not cross resistant with other fungicides," said Paul Goddard, a potato specialist for BASF.

He explained that Percos is one of the few approved fungicides with tuber blight reduction on its approval label. This indicated how important it is to include Percos in any blight prevention programme. Shirlan (fluazinam) also has a claim to protect against tuber blight on its label, but with the emergence of the fluazinam insensitive blight strain 37_A2 across the UK, its use needs to be given very careful thought," he argued.

Growers understand that they need to start their tuber blight programme as early as tuber initiation (within four weeks of emergence) as this is when the causal agent of tuber blight, motile zoospores, start forming on the leaf in sporangia. They fall down into the soil and can infect tubers via lenticels or wounds.

"Percos is a vital part of any programme due to its unique activity on tuber blight brought about by the active ametoctradin as well as its unique mode of action and no cross resistance to most other fungicides.

"The effect of ametoctradin on zoospore production and motility means it can be used any time from tuber initiation through to end of senescence. So we are advising growers to make the most of ametoctradin in any programme this season, he added.

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Tuber blight: New class of chemistry helps in the fight - The Scottish Farmer

On Miles, Blu & Exile Strengthen Their Chemistry and Revisit Their Roots – bandcamp.com

FEATURES On Miles, Blu & Exile Strengthen Their Chemistry and Revisit Their Roots By Danny Schwartz July 07, 2020

On Dancing in the Rain, from Blu & Exiles 2007 debut album Below the Heavens, rapper Blu describes a symbolic act of defiance. He clocks out of work in a rainstorm and discovers that hes short on bus fare. In response to this stroke of bad luck, he turns up his headphones, kicks off his shoes, and stomps gleefully in the puddles near the bus stop. This spiritof a resilient working-class bluesman, navigating the ups and downs of everyday lifeanimates Below the Heavens, which today remains a pillar of backpack rap, a union of two dedicated classicists who werent trying to reinvent the wheel but ended up paving their own lane. On Miles: From An Interlude Called Life, their first full-length album in eight years, Blu & Exile stay true to their roots.

Exile builds his boom-bap beats around soul and jazz loopsTony Bennett, cool-era Miles Davis, Philadelphia souland Blu delivers the striving, aspirational energy of a rap romantic whos been down and out without a dollar for food. The albums title pays tribute to Miles Davis, of course, as well as Blu & Exiles winding journeys, both together and apart. It felt like we had been miles away from where we started, and it felt like we had a lot to say about all those miles that weve traveled since weve begun, Blu says. Just miles carries multiple meanings, the albums themes surface in part through repetition of keywords, like black and blue. As Blu filters his identity as a Black man through familial and historical lenses, Miles comes into focus.

Blu and Exile started piecing together a trap album in 2015 by trading beats and verses over email. They scrapped it in 2017. It wasnt as genuine, especially for our fan base, Blu explains. I was being a little more experimental, which Im known to be with some of my projects. We decided to go back to the drawing board. We went back to our old music. They began on the album that would become Miles with a more intentional, in-person form of collaboration. They cut 40 songs in all for the project. We were kind of disconnected as friends, he says. We were still working, creatively, but once we built back on our friendship again, it built back on our chemistry to be able to create an album that we love.

Miles is a spacious, 20-track double album that gives Blu time to take several lengthy strolls down memory lane, through his childhood in South Central Los Angeles. Together, these memories offer a clear window into Blus upbringing and the preconditions for his rap career, which he believed would deliver him from his familys financial struggles. Rap and family are intertwined; on Music is My Everything, he recalls how his cousin taught him what a bassline was, and other pearls from his early musical education, like, Memories of Eazy-E when I was 3, my auntie dated him, my papa would bang him on the way to the beach. On Blue As I Can Be, he remembers, First song I ever recorded felt important, I had to paint my portrait enormous. That early idealism continues to color Blus music today.

On Miles, Blu places his personal history alongside a much broader Black history, as he draws himself into a lineage that predates civilization and extends back to the first humans, who lived in Africa, and their diaspora. (More miles than Africans into Asia.) On Roots of Blue, the albums nine-minute centerpiece, he rattles off a dizzying list of namesEgyptian gods, characters from the Bible, key 20th century Black figures like James Baldwin, Jackie Robinson, and Elijah Muhammad, and everyone else creating Black history that lives with me every day. Blu scribbles lists like these across Miles, giving shout outs to everyone from legendary Black artists to Africans shipped over on the Middle Passage to present-day victims of police violence. The breadth of these references affirms a fundamental Black bond, a connection between Blu and every Black human who has ever lived. Black skin, he raps on African Dream, black bones, Black man from the Black planet, black sand, black lamb. Referencing back to our roots, basically, is just a way of reflecting and going back miles, he says on the phone. And I went back as far as I could go, really.

Blu has worked extensively with many producers, including Flying Lotus and Madlib, but he is still most closely associated with Exile. The two of them agree that their friendship is the foundation that has allowed their musical partnership to endure. Exile calls himself and Blu two artistic brothers. Weve been through a lot of things that pulled us apart and brought us back together, he muses.

I think it gets easier as we go, Blu adds. The older we get, the closer we get to understanding each other. The music becomes easier to make.

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Prospective students anxious over financial future at UK universities – Chemistry World

Most universities plan to start the new academic year with a combination of remote teaching and socially distanced face-to-face experiences for practical and other key elements. But a new survey has found that prospective students have a raft of concerns.

According to a poll of 516 prospective students for the Universities and Colleges Union (UCU), almost half fear funding cuts, as a result of the pandemic, will damage their education, and just under a quarter worry that that their university will go bust. Significantly, over two-thirds support a delayed start to the year if it means more face-to-face teaching. The survey follows another in May that found 17% more students than usual were considering deferring in the new academic year.

It is hardly surprising that students are anxious, says UCU general secretary Sally Hunt. It is now critical that government agrees to provide increased financial backing. No university should jeopardise the safety of staff or students to try and offer a more traditional university experience. Government needs to guarantee funding so institutions [can] put welfare first, and plan for a delayed start if this is the safest course of action.

Budgetary pressures are nothing new for chemistry departments. Heads have spent the past few years looking at ways to diversify income, improve efficiency and share resources, and this process will continue post-pandemic, says Lizzy Ostler, spokesperson for the Heads of Chemistry UK (HCUK). Chemistry departments are collaborating on finding the best ways to ensure that students continue to experience excellent teaching. But delayed starts are unlikely, as departments couldnt compress content into a shortened year with a late start date, and a January start would require teaching undergraduates into the summer, which could interfere with postgraduate and research students work.

However, Ostler would like to reassure new students. HCUK is in the early stages of reorganising courses to ensure high-class theoretical and practical learning opportunities but its confident that the value of a degree, and associated experiences, will be maintained.

Emma Raven, head of the chemistry department at the University of Bristol, also strikes an optimistic note. Some of the blended learning approaches proposed for the 2020 entry have been well received because they allow students to learn at their own pace. So there are clear advantages. She also notes that universities managed the transition to online exams well. So I have confidence that the academic offerings in chemistry in the autumn will be modern, interesting and of high quality.

However, Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Policy Education Institute, is worried about university finances. Sciences do risk being in line for cuts because they are so often cross-subsidised by things like international student fees, which are currently under threat. Universities are looking at making redundancies but they are also talking to government about additional support and thinking creatively about ways to tackle short-term cash flow challenges.

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Prospective students anxious over financial future at UK universities - Chemistry World

Textile Chemical Market to witness an impressive growth during the forecast period 2020 2025 – CueReport

The research report on Textile Chemical market provides vital data regarding the consumption rate as well as revenue projections of this business landscape. Based on production patterns, the study comprises of crucial details such as the gross remuneration and manufacturing processes of the industry players. The unit cost deployed by these companies across various regions during the analysis timeframe is also stated in the document.

Significant information related to the consumption volume and value is enlisted. Additionally, the document delivers details regarding the sale prices and import & export conditions.

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The worldwide lockdown as a result of COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to economic slowdown but also halted the operations of numerous enterprises as well as manufacturing facilities. Moreover, inadequate supply of raw materials and scarcity of labor workforce owing to the disease outbreak are estimated to result in alterations in the growth of Textile Chemical market in the subsequent years.

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In a nutshell, the Textile Chemical market analysis offers vital data pertaining to the equipment used, raw materials and downstream buyers. Moreover, it scrutinizes the factors that are positively impacting the growth of the market alongside the respective strategies adopted by the eminent companies.

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Accurate market size and CAGR forecasts for the period 2021-2026

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The report offers a complete company profiling of leading players competing in the global Textile Chemical marketwith a high focus on the share, gross margin, net profit, sales, product portfolio, new applications, recent developments, and several other factors. It also throws light on the vendor landscape to help players become aware of future competitive changes in the global Textile Chemical market.

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New Insight Into the Great Dying Earths Most Deadly Mass Extinction Event Disrupted Ocean Chemistry – SciTechDaily

A new study shows for the first time that the collapse of terrestrial ecosystems during Earths most deadly mass extinction event was directly responsible for disrupting ocean chemistry.

The international study, led by the University of Leeds, highlights the importance of understanding the inter-connectedness of ecosystems as our modern environment struggles with the devastating effects of a rapidly warming planet.

The Permian-Triassic extinction, also known as the Great Dying, took place roughly 252 million years ago. It saw the loss of an estimated 90% of marine species, 70% of land species, widespread loss of plant diversity and extreme soil erosion.

While the exact cause of the terrestrial mass extinction is still debated, it is becoming apparent that the terrestrial ecosystems were wiped out prior to the marine ecosystems. However, until now it was unclear if or how the terrestrial extinction consequently impacted the chemistry of Earths ancient oceans.

The team built a computer model that mapped chemical changes in Earths oceans during the period of the Permian-Triassic extinction. The model tracks the cycling of the poisonous element mercury, which is emitted from volcanoes but also gets incorporated into living organisms. By tracing both the mercury and carbon cycles, and comparing to measurements in ancient rocks, the team were able to separate out biological and volcanic events.

This revealed that a massive collapse of terrestrial ecosystems cascaded organic matter, nutrients, and other biologically-important elements into the marine system.

While further research is needed to understand the exact effect this had on marine life, the fact that many marine species rely on chemical stability in their environment means that it is unlikely it was without consequence.

Study co-author Dr. Jacopo Dal Corso, who conceived the study during a research placement at Leeds said: In this study we show that during the Permian-Triassic transition, roughly. 252 million years ago, the widespread collapse of the terrestrial ecosystems caused sudden changes in marine chemistry.

This likely played a central role in triggering the most severe known marine extinction in Earths history. This deep-time example shows how important the terrestrial reservoir is in regulating global biogeochemical cycles and calls for the greater conservation of these ecosystems.

Study co-author Dr. Benjamin Mills, from the School of Earth and Environment at Leeds said: 252 million years ago the effects of mass plant death and soil oxidation appear to have seriously altered the chemistry of the oceans. This is an uncomfortable parallel with our own human-driven land use change, and we too are transferring large quantities of nutrients and other chemicals to the oceans.

As we look to re-start the worlds economies in the wake of the current pandemic, protecting our life-sustaining ecosystems should be a priority.

Reference: PermoTriassic boundary carbon and mercury cycling linked to terrestrial ecosystem collapse by Jacopo Dal Corso, Benjamin J. W. Mills, Daoliang Chu, Robert J. Newton, Tamsin A. Mather, Wenchao Shu, Yuyang Wu, Jinnan Tong and Paul B. Wignall, 11 June 2020, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16725-4

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New Insight Into the Great Dying Earths Most Deadly Mass Extinction Event Disrupted Ocean Chemistry - SciTechDaily

Blasted chemical factory insured for more than $40 million – Business Insurance

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International

The chemical factory in the Indian state of Gujarat, where a boiler blast on June 3 killed eight workers and injured 50 others, is insured for more than 3.1 billion Indian rupees ($41 million), The Times of India reported citing sources. The factory owner Yashasvi Rasayan Pvt. Ltd. has an industrial all risk policy of INR 2.6 billion for property damage and INR 500 million for business interruption, with The New India Assurance Co. Ltd. being the lead insurer.

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Temporary restraining order prohibits Denver Police from using chemical agents or projectiles against peaceful protesters without supervisor approval…

The temporary restraining order (TRO) granted by Judge R. Brooke Jackson applies to the City and County of Denver, and specifically the Denver Police Department and those assisting the department.

The ruling came after four Denver residents who participated in demonstrations following the death of George Floyd, filed a complaint Thursday challenging the Denver Police Department's use of chemical agents and rubber projectiles during protests.

The plaintiff's allege in some cases the Denver Police Department "violated their First Amendment right to free speech and their Fourth Amendment right against excessive force by using pepper spray, pepper balls, rubber bullets, flashbang grenades, and tear gas to punish plaintiffs for demonstrating against police brutality."

"In issuing this relief I do not seek to prevent officers from protecting themselves or their community," Jackson said in the ruling. "I seek to balance citizens' constitutional rights against officers' ability to do their job. However, the time is past to rely solely on the good faith and discretion of the Denver Police Department and its colleagues from other jurisdictions."

Restrictions on use of projectiles and chemicals

Under the temporary restraining order, only on-scene supervisors holding the rank of Captain or above are allowed to authorize the use of non-lethal projectiles and chemical agents such as tear gas and pepper spray after personally witnessing "specific acts of violence or destruction of property."

Jackson also included additional stipulations for the use of the non-lethal projectiles and the chemical agents by officers. They include:

Kinetic Impact Projectiles ("KIPs") and all other non- or less-lethal projectiles may never be discharged to target the head, pelvis, or back.

KIPs and all other non- or less-lethal projectiles shall not be shot indiscriminately into a crowd.

Non-Denver officers can not use any demonstration of force or weapon beyond what Denver itself authorizes for its own officers. Any non-Denver officer permitted to or directed to be deployed to the demonstrations shall be considered an agent of Denver and the city can ensure the officer is limiting their use of force to that which is authorized.

All officers deployed to demonstrations must have their body-worn cameras recording at all times, and they may not intentionally obstruct the camera or recording.

Chemical agents or irritants (including pepper spray and tear gas) may only be used after an order to disperse is issued.

Any and all orders to disperse must be followed with adequate time for the intended audience to comply, and officers must leave room for safe egress. If it appears that the intended audience was unable to hear the order, the order must be repeated prior to the use of chemical agents or irritants.

Request for modifications

Following the ruling, the Denver Police Department said in posts on Twitter that it would comply with the order, but is asking the judge for some modifications.

"A federal judge issued a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) clarifying #DPD use of non-lethal dispersant devices. In the meantime, we will comply with the judge's directions, many of which are already in line with our community-consulted Use of Force Policy," the post said. "We are asking for modifications to the Order that would account for limitations on staffing and body-worn cameras so the directions can be operationalized."

On Friday night, the city and county of Denver filed an emergency motion for modification of the temporary restraining order.

The motion asked the court to allow officers at the rank of lieutenant to authorize the deployment of chemical agents or projectiles in response to specific acts of violence or destruction of property because of limitations in staffing.

"This is not feasible under the command structure of the Denver Police Department because currently there are only four police officers with the rank of Captain and one Commander responsible for the downtown area," the motion said.

The motion also requested to eliminate the requirement regarding the body cameras, claiming the order would prevent the department from receiving assistance from other agencies that do not have body cameras. The city also cited technical limitations of the body cameras as another reason for eliminating the requirement.

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Temporary restraining order prohibits Denver Police from using chemical agents or projectiles against peaceful protesters without supervisor approval...

Instrumentation in a pandemic: How the Department of Chemistry Instrumentation Facility rapidly adapted to Covid-19 – MIT News

Under regular circumstances, the Department of Chemistrys Instrumentation Facility (DCIF) is a 24/7 operation that services nearly 100 individual research labs from not only the MIT community, but external universities and corporations alike, at a rate of approximately 300 users a month. In 2018, the DCIF benefited immensely from the generous support of alumni and friends who contributed to a fundraising drive to replace and renewoutdated equipment in the facility.

When the Covid-19 pandemic forced all on-campus activity to come to a screeching halt last March, the stewards and staff of the DCIF were faced with the challenge of quickly adapting their policies and procedures to accommodate the newly instituted guidelines for safely working at a social distance, all while preventing contamination.

Addressing contamination potential

Walt Massefski, the DCIF director, worked with his staff Operations Manager John Grimes, Research Scientist Mohan Kumar, and Research Specialist Bruce Adams to implement the necessary changes to day-to-day activities in the subbasement of the Dreyfus Building. First, the group took into consideration the two types of contamination they were facing: airborne contamination, the result of virus that is exhaled by an infected individual traveling through the air to another individual, and is minimized by proper use of masks and social distancing; and touch contamination, the result of an infected individual either breathing on or touching a surface (door handle, keyboard, and the like) and another individual touching that surface and subsequently touching their eyes, nose, or mouth.

We developed our plan to limit airborne contamination by strict adherence to MITs mask and social distancing guidelines: Masks must be worn by all individuals in the lab at all times, and all individuals must stay six feet from each other (if two people can extend their arms and touch fingertips, they are too close), says Massefski. We also designed our lab-use plan to meet the time and space guidelines instituted by the vice president for research: no more than one person in every 160 square feet of lab space, and no more than 10 minutes in that space at one time.

The considerable size of the DCIF and the need for the seven nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments it houses to social distance, even when there isnt a pandemic made the distance guidelines relatively easy to meet in the NMR space. The facilitys mass spectrometry space, on the other hand, was another story.

During Phase 1, we significantly restricted the use of the mass spectrometry part of the lab, explains Massefski. During Phase 2, we have adopted a rotating reservation system for the instruments that are close to each other.

We developed our plan to limit touch contamination based on a double-barrier model that I learned while working at an MIT-affiliated molecular diagnostics startup earlier in my career; users of the lab must wash their hands when they arrive in the lab, don a fresh pair of gloves, and keep those gloves on while they are in the lab, says Massefski. Gloves are discarded as users exit the lab. Since everyone in the lab is wearing gloves (and a mask), accidental touch contamination for any reason by one individual is limited to the surface, and not transferred to the next individual, hence the double-barrier. By washing when you arrive, you limit the possibility that you will carry virus from outside the lab to the inside the lab; by wearing gloves inside the lab, you limit the possibility that you will carry virus from inside the lab to outside the lab, again a double-barrier approach. While we hope that no one enters the lab infectious, these steps, along with regular surface cleaning, are the best approach we can think of to maximize transmission control.

Implementing these new policies involved extensive communication between the DCIF lab and lab staff and users of the lab. Massefski and his team sent out a number of detailed email notifications, and developed signage to remind everyone of the important steps to take for transmission control. To their credit, the facilitys users were happy to follow the new processes. Users have been respectful of the importance of ensuring a safe work environment for all, and receptive of reminders to wash hands and wear gloves in the instance of a user forgetting the newly instated policies.

The difficulty has been for me to keep in mind some of the policies in my daily workflow, says John Grimes, the DCIFs operations manager. A large amount of my time is spent interacting with students, be it to answer their questions or train them to use our instruments. When I am trying to show them how software works, or how to load their samples in a robot, doing so from a two-meter distance can be challenging. It is easy for both of us to end up closer than that. I must constantly remind myself and them that we cant both lean in at the same time to see what it is I am talking about.

Adjusting to the new normal

Throughout this ordeal, the DCIF staffs priority has been to continue to train young scientists and make key resources available to them in the social distancing and restricted-access environment. The group relied on their honed skills of both applying software automation to instrument access and managing a complex, computer-driven lab.

As a shared facility, we used to get more users, interesting discussions, and it was always a really busy place, says research scientist Mohan Kumar. The new guidelines can make it feel like we are not doing science and not working in the lab.

However, despite how things may feel, the lack of population in the lab itself has no bearing on its scientific productivity. All of the facilitys systems are networked, so from the inception of the lab, the systems were built in such a way that that chemists could access their NMR and MS data as easily from home as they could from their lab.

Because of this, when the pandemic hit, the DCIF was mostly ready to meet data-access needs. At the start of Phase 1, they rapidly designed and implemented remote automation tools so that someone could drop samples at the door of the lab, or the building, or at a remote location, and a DCIF staff member could efficiently add those samples to running NMR queues. They developed processes in which users of the DCIF high-resolution mass spectrometers could spend a few minutes in the lab adding samples to the instrument platform, then work remotely to acquire essential data from these samples, limiting the amount of time they actually spent in the lab.

Now that the campus has entered Phase 2, the DCIF staff and stewards have extended their ability to effectively conduct new-user trainings using a combination of video and slide presentations, as well as providing instrument access over a Virtual Network Computing or remote desktop connection and a Zoom link. Massefski credits the facilitys trial-by-fire implementation of Phase 1 protocols as being instrumental in helping his staff smoothly transition into the Phase 2 regulations. Mirroring the Institutes policies, the facility had to learn to walk in a Covid-19 society before it could run.

We gave significant thought to how we would prepare for a research reopening during the shutdown, including conversations with colleagues from labs all over the world to hear their advice about best practices, says Massefski. Since the shutdown was fairly extensive, we had plenty of time to consider the advice of others and to think about how the social distancing restrictions might impact lab operations. Once the details of the VPR guidance were available, we were able to put a proposal out to the department and our faculty advisor, chemistry professor Mo Movassaghi. His experience as advisor for the lab has been invaluable, and he was a touchstone for our transition to Phase 2.

In addition to taking on contamination control training in the lab, staff members took on the task of receiving requests from users to run samples or carry out
experiments that they would normally have done themselves. Massefski remarks, Considering the size of our user base, even at the 25 percent level at which that labs were operating in Phase 1, this became a considerable effort. The DCIF staff contributed an outstanding level of skilled communication and professionalism in handling these requests. Though the DCIF staffs work is ongoing, and the effects of the pandemic are far from over, the results of their efforts are both impactful and sincerely appreciated.

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Instrumentation in a pandemic: How the Department of Chemistry Instrumentation Facility rapidly adapted to Covid-19 - MIT News

Chemcon Speciality Chemicals IPO To Open On September 21. Key Things To Know – NDTV Profit

The Vadodara-based company has fixed the price band of the IPO at Rs 338-340 per share.

The Rs 318 crore IPO of Chemcon Speciality Chemicals, a manufacturer of specialized chemical products, will open for bidding on Monday i.e. September 21. The issue will be open between September 21 and September 23. The Vadodara-based company has fixed the price band at Rs 338-340 per share.

The book-building IPO of Chemcon Speciality Chemicals comprises fresh issuance of equity shares amounting to Rs 165 crore and an offer for sale of up to 45 lakh equity shares by the promoters.

The IPO will have a lot size of 44 shares. Investors will be eligible tobid for a minimum 1 lot of 44 shares and in multiples thereof, up to 13 lots. The minimum application money for retail investors willbe Rs 14,960, at the upper price band.

Ahead of the public offering, Chemcon Speciality Chemicals raised more than Rs 95 crore from 13 anchor investors, including the likes of IDFC Mutual Fund, ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund, IIFL, HSBC Global and Mirae Asset Mutual Fund.

The company plans to utilise the fresh issue proceeds to expand its manufacturing facility, fund working capital requirements and for general corporate purposes. It will, however, not receive any proceeds from the offer for sale as that would go to selling shareholders.

Chemcon Speciality Chemicals is a leading manufacturer of specialised chemicals such as HMDS (Hexamethyldisilane) & CMIC (Chloromethyl isopropyl carbonate), which are used in the pharma industry.

The company's key domestic customers include Laurus Labs, Aurobindo Pharma and Ind-Swift Laboratories. It also exports to overseas markets including the US, Germany, Italy, South Korea, Japan and Russia, among others.

Link Intime India is the registrar of the IPO, whereas Intensive Fiscal Services and Ambit Capital are the book running lead managers.

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Chemcon Speciality Chemicals IPO To Open On September 21. Key Things To Know - NDTV Profit

NOVA Thin Film Pharmaceuticals and Quality Chemical Laboratories Announce Partnership in Formation and Commencement of Soluble Thin Film Operations -…

GREENSBORO, N.C., June 01, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NOVA Thin Film Pharmaceuticals LLC (NTFP) announced today its formation and the commencement of its soluble thin film operations. NTFP is commercializing its patented DepoFilm technology. NTFP is based in North Carolina with a research and development facility in Greensboro and manufacturing in Wilmington. NTFPs manufacturing is located at Quality Chemical Laboratories (QCL)s state of the art manufacturing and laboratory facilities in Wilmington. QCL is also a lead investor in NTFP.

NTFPs Chief Executive Officer, Joseph Fuisz, commented: NOVA Thin Film is founded on a simple premise: that existing film technology is too complex and too costly to meet market needs. Thin film offers valuable benefits to patients and NOVA Thin Films superior technology will address formulation, scale up and cost challenges.

Patented DepoFilm represents thin film technology 2.0. DepoFilm addresses the challenges in conventional wet-cast thin film, and enables entirely new product concepts not possible with conventional technologies. This makes NOVA Thin Film the partner of choice for the industry.

NOVA Thin Film starts with the right film technology, the right manufacturing partner, the right investors and the right Board of Directors. These advantages, coupled with management execution, will drive value for NOVA Thin Film and its partners.

Madhu Hariharan, NTFPs Chief Operating Officer, stated:

DepoFilm technology has game-changing implications for soluble film drug delivery. It allows for rapid prototyping and shortened product development timelines with more efficient API usage. The added advantage of a low cost and high yield manufacturing process makes DepoFilm a compelling and disruptive innovation.

Our partnership with Quality Chemical Laboratories has provided the capital, facilities and know-how to enable us to provide world-class production and analytical capabilities from day one. We are immediately positioned to deliver value for ethical, generic and consumer healthcare companies.

Richard C. Fuisz, M.D., the noted drug delivery inventor and entrepreneur credited with pioneering two novel dosage form classes, orally disintegrating tablets and oral soluble film, serves on our Board of Directors. Dr. Fuisz is, together with Joseph Fuisz, the inventor of our issued DepoFilm patents.

Dr. Fuisz remarked: The beauty of DepoFilm lies in its elegant simplicity, and the move of thin film manufacture into a single stage integrated manufacturing process from film formation to final primary packaging, together with the virtual elimination of yield issues that have bedeviled wet-cast manufacturers. This new effort represents an important contribution to drug delivery.

Dr. Yousry Sayed is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of QCL. QCL is NTFPs partner and lead investor. Dr. Sayed has joined the Board of Directors. QCL provides cGMP manufacturing facilities and world class laboratory and quality capabilities to NTFP.

Dr. Sayed stated: We are delighted to enter into partnership with NOVA Thin Film as an investor and also a provider of manufacturing and laboratory services. NOVA Thin Film is based on a unique technology platform that offers a great benefit to drug companies and patients. We are pleased to partner with NOVA Thin Film and excited about what this investment will mean for Wilmington and patients near and far.

About NOVA Thin Film Pharmaceuticals LLC (NTFP): NTFP is a drug delivery company focused on commercializing thin film pharmaceutical products using its patented DepoFilm technology. NTFP is based in North Carolina, with facilities in Greensboro and Wilmington. Learn more at http://www.novathinfilm.com, or contact us using info@novathinfilm.com.

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NOVA Thin Film Pharmaceuticals and Quality Chemical Laboratories Announce Partnership in Formation and Commencement of Soluble Thin Film Operations -...

Striking photo by MUN chemist in national contest that celebrates the art of science – CBC.ca

To the untrained eye, the photograph looks likea riot of colours and shapes, in the vein of abstract art.

Itis art and it's also science, a literal snapshot of Stephanie Gallant's chemistry research at Memorial University, that's now on digital display and up for public votingas part of a national contest of scientific research images.

But what exactly is the jumble?

"You're looking at crystals, and it might not seem like crystals like we think, becausethey're on a very different size scale, but they are crystals," said Gallant.

The crystals,made of cobalt, iron and oxygen, are almost unimaginably small, ranging between 60 to 500 nanometres a poppyseed is 10,000 times the size of the largest of them.

Gallant made the tiny, magnetic nanoparticles in a lab, as part of her research work in materials chemistry, andeven she grapples with their size.

"Ican barely visualize it, because it's something we wouldn't be able to see with our naked eye on that scale," she said.

Lucky for her, and the wider world of science, there is an instrument that can visualize it: a scanning electron microscope.Gallant used one to capture the image, and then she took some artistic licence to make the particles visually pop with teal, pink and mustard hues.

"It's falsely coloured. The images that come from the scanning electron microscope are black and white," she told CBC Radio's Weekend AM.

"That's kind of the artistic part of what I've done, is that I've digitally coloured it afterwards, trying to highlight the different shapes that you see."

The colourshelp her and other scientists distinguish between the different forms of the crystals.Those shapes form part of Gallant's research, as she delves into why the crystals, which all have the same chemical composition, take on different shapes.

Regardless of size, they all serve a purpose as a material chemist, Gallant works to find practical uses for various creations.

"Believe it or not these beautiful little crystals can actually be used for sensing of pollutants," she said.

Gallant hadlong hoped to submit an image tothe Science Exposed contest, run by the federal Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

"I've been following this contest for years, just out of interest. Ilove art, Ilove science, and it's the perfect in-between of the two," she said.

The contest aims to showcase scientific research across Canada, and doubles as an artistic exhibition forbiologists, physicists, chemists and anyone working in the field.

"There's something visually interesting in every science, Ipersonally think, and you can see that in the contest entries," said Gallant.

Images from 2020 include a closeup look at a bee's compound eye, a fluorescent ovarian tumour biopsy sample, and the spiky balls within a lithium ion battery.

"It gives a little glimpse into what we do every day," said Gallant.

"As a chemist, I know not everyone knows what people in chemistry do every day, so it's a nice little piece of that to explain, this is what I spend my time doing, and this is what it could be used for."

Voting for the contest, which runs until Sept. 13, takes place on the Science Exposed website.

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Striking photo by MUN chemist in national contest that celebrates the art of science - CBC.ca