Faith led professor back to chemistry and recovery – Idaho EdNews

Darren Thompson is a sought-after mentor and chemist who inspires students by opening a new world to them. Hes also an inventor, author of 41 published research papers and holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry.

But to get to this point, Thompson battled depression and had to overcome a dark side.

His brain damage and slurred speech serve as a reminder of a tragic time that Thompson overcame by renewing focus on science, embarking on a mission of saving others and embracing his Christian faith.

The only thing I regret in my life is my decision to try to end it, Thompson said.

Part of the reason Thompson is drawn to helping young people is because professors took a chance on him when he wasnt expecting it.

The other part is because Thompson got a second chance at life.

Back in the early 1990s, Thompson was studying at UC Santa Cruz, when Chemistry Professor Pradip Mascharak pulled him aside one day.

Thompson feared the worst.

I thought he was going to accuse me of cheating on the exam, Thompson said. But no, he said, the way you think, you should be a chemist. I took that to heart.

At the same time, Thompson was playing guitar and performing with the band Anomie.

Thompson was battling depression and probing his emotions through music.

He wrote a song called Not Blessed, which he recorded with the band Faded in 1996 after graduating UC Santa Cruz with highest honors.

I actually thought I was not blessed and could therefore not appreciate the intrinsic loveliness of the objects and people around me, Thompson said.

Smiling while I rage inside, goes one section of Not Blessed. No one sees me shed a tear.

By the time he was 24, Thompson had published 21 research papers and hewas performing and writing innovative, original music.

But he was raging inside.

On May 15, 1998, he attempted to end his life by ingesting cyanide.

Doctors were forced to place Thompson in a medically induced coma for three weeks. He woke up in a different hospital a few miles away and stayed for months.

Before he was finally discharged in October 1998, he spent his 25th birthday in the hospital. He weighed 130 pounds. A physical therapist held him upright.

He needed an electric wheelchair until December 2000.

UC Santa Cruz Professor Glenn Millhauser talked Thompson into going to grad school while Thompson was recovering.

Millhausers lab had fascinating equipment that inspired Thompson, like a mid-80s Bruker EPR spectrometer.

Way cool, Thompson said. Warp speed, Mr. Scott type of stuff.

Finding inspiration in his research, Thompson earned his Ph.D. in chemistry and biochemistry from UC Santa Cruz in 2009. He went on to be a post-doctoral research associate at Californias renown Scripps Research Institute.

But the cyanide poisoning left Thompson with brain damage. He alternated between peaks and valleys. But he noticed a decline in his cognitive abilities when he was doing his post-doctoral research. His speech has been slurred for 23 years. His cerebellum does not send nerve information rapidly. But he gained back 20 pounds and mobility.

Thompson moved to Idaho in 2015 and within a year founded his company, Peptidaho, in the Sagle area. Peptidaho does management consulting and synthesizes two chemicals, one of which (TPG-FLAG) Thompson co-invented.

Thompson wanted to do more with aspiring chemists so when he heard there was a lab in Coeur dAlene he worked his way into the office of Ray Von Wandruszka, University of Idahos chemistry department chair.

They formalized the relationship with the University of Idaho for the unpaid position, which allows Thompson to work with students in the lab as an adjunct professor of chemistry. Its a summer gig, four days a week and about eight hours a day. He focuses on intense research projects and internships with a small number of students.

Most of his students are recommended by a teacher or know another student who studied with Thompson.

Darren (Thompson) is a great vehicle, said Charles Buck, associate vice president and executive officer for the University of Idaho Coeur dAlene. In my years of being around labs and lab rats almost 40 years now it is very unusual.

Tyler Siegford, John Sanchez and Kristen Nethercott are three students who brag about the ways Thompson mentored and inspired them.

For Siegford, it was the lab work and the fact Thompson took a chance on someone with so little chemistry experience.

As a freshman, I was doing real science, said Siegford, who graduated from the University of Idaho earlier this year. I was using expensive instruments and dangerous chemicals to complete a project that had the potential to impact the world.

The research he did with Thompson was one of Siegfords proudest accomplishments. He went on to present at research conferences here in Idaho and in Orlando, Fla.

The research students do in (Thompsons) lab is world-class Seigford said.

Sanchez overheard Siegford talking excitedly about their research, and Sanchez made a point to apply to work with Thompson in the summer of 2019.

I found myself lost on so many topics, Sanchez said. But (Thompson) was there for me. He was patient with me and made a lot of my confusion disappear.

Nethercott studied with Thompson in the lab when she was a high school student in Coeur dAlene in 2019. Now shes studying biochemistry on a full-ride scholarship at the University of Florida.

She credits Thompson with inspiring her interest in the STEM disciplines of science, technology, engineering and math.

I never really struggled in school, but this internship was definitely a struggle and made me work hard to understand the concepts we were working with, she said.

Today, Thompson is raising money for newer, higher-tech equipment for the University of Idahos lab in Coeur dAlene.Donations may madeto the University of Idaho online. Under the designator field scroll down to select UI Coeur dAlene gifts. In the next field marked in honor of type out Dr. Thompsons lab.

Reporter Clark Corbin has covered Idaho government and education for more than a decade. Hes followed every legislative session, gavel-to-gavel, since 2011. Clark is a co-host of the Extra Credit podcast with Kevin Richert published on Fridays. You can follow him on Twitter: @clarkcorbin. He can be reached by email at [emailprotected]

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Faith led professor back to chemistry and recovery - Idaho EdNews

Pakistan: Cruel and inhuman chemical castration punishment will not fix flawed system – Amnesty International

Responding to the introduction of new anti-rape ordinance measures that include the legalization of chemical castration as a form of punishment for repeat offenders, Rimmel Mohydin, South Asia Campaigner at Amnesty International, said:

Forced chemical castrations would violate Pakistans international and constitutional obligations to prohibit torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Punishments like this will do nothing to fix a flawed criminal justice system. Instead of trying to deflect attention, the authorities should focus on the crucial work of reforms that will address the root causes of sexual violence and give survivors the justice they deserve and the protection they need.

Background

On Tuesday 15 December, Pakistans President Arif Alvi signed into law a new anti-rape ordinance that includes measures to speed up rape trials, create a national sex offender registry and allow the chemical castration of repeat offenders. Pakistans government has 120 days to take the measure to parliament and have it permanently passed into law, during which time the law will remain in force.

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Pakistan: Cruel and inhuman chemical castration punishment will not fix flawed system - Amnesty International

‘Chemistry isn’t there’: Michigan’s passing offense aiming to increase cohesiveness – The Michigan Daily

Theres a certain expectation to Michigans press conferences after a stunning loss.

Theres deflection and reflection, combined with a fair bit of coach-speak. Players and coaches alike take responsibility without ever divulging enough to pointedly criticize.

It is, by now, a routine well-drilled into Jim Harbaughs Wolverines. They repeat it every year at the start of bowl season a few weeks after losing to Ohio State and a few other times dispersed throughout each season. Such is the nature of Michigans position in college footballs hierarchy good enough for losses to be cataclysmic, not good enough to avoid them all together.

So when graduate student tight end Nick Eubanks diverged from the expectation Monday, it was eye-opening.

We got a lot of younger dudes and chemistry isnt there, Eubanks said on a Zoom call with local media.

Two weeks into the season, five weeks into padded practices and four months into team workouts, the chemistry isnt there. Thats notable.

And in Saturdays 27-24 loss to unranked Michigan State, it was clear from the start, even if it wasnt the defining feature of Michigans offensive performance.

More notable was junior quarterback Joe Miltons lack of comfort in the pocket, as well as his tendency to force passes into double coverage.

There were positives, though, too. Milton threw for 300 yards thanks to a slew of well-delivered passes into tight windows. And at times, he showed good chemistry with his pass-catchers, improvising to find receivers on broken plays.

But a week after a comfortable, commanding performance against Minnesota, Michigans lack of offensive cohesiveness shone through too often.

On this play, Miltons timing with sophomore receiver Mike Sainristil is a touch late. A curl route like this one is all timing. A moment early and Sainristil wont be ready to catch the ball. A moment late and the defensive backs will have adjusted to the route. Either outcome can lead to an interception.

Here, Milton is fortunate to sail his throw, preventing the slot corner from cutting off Sainristils route for a likely pick-six. Still, the lack of timing costs Michigan a six-yard first-down pickup, forcing one of far too many second-and-longs on the day.

Too many drives without getting any points from the drive, Harbaugh said Monday. 12 drives and not enough points per drive. And a lot of that was a lot of second-and-longs.

This first-down play late in the third quarter exhibits another case of Milton lacking chemistry. Sophomore tight end Erick All is lined up in the slot to the left, running a post route over the middle. All seems to recognize the strong-side linebacker dropping over the top of his route and runs a shallower route, cutting over the middle of the field. Milton, though, seemingly expects All to run a skinny post, leading him to throw the ball well behind All.

Milton and All being on different pages here cost Michigan a first down in field-goal range. Three plays later, the Wolverines punted in a game they would eventually lose by three points.

According to Eubanks, building chemistry between Milton and his receiving corps has been an emphasis for Michigan this week.

Just being able to watch film and being able to put in more work in practice, getting the timing right with Joe would be very good in terms of us moving the ball down the field, especially in the passing game, Eubanks said.

For the Wolverines, unlocking the deep passing game would be a critical step toward maximizing their offensive potential. Josh Gattiss offense is at its best when it can spread out opposing defenses, giving its fastest weapons space to make plays.

Through two weeks, though, Milton has struggled to connect with his receivers downfield a problem exacerbated by a lack of chemistry. And when safeties can crowd the box without fear of being beaten over the top, it makes everything else more challenging for both Gattis and Milton.

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'Chemistry isn't there': Michigan's passing offense aiming to increase cohesiveness - The Michigan Daily

Chemical reactions high in Mars atmosphere rip apart water molecules – Science News

Mars water is being skimmed off the top. NASAs MAVEN spacecraft found water lofted into Mars upper atmosphere, where its hydrogen and oxygen atoms are ripped apart, scientists report in the Nov. 13 Science.

This completely changes how we thought hydrogen, in particular, was being lost to space, says planetary chemist Shane Stone of the University of Arizona in Tucson.

Mars surface was shaped by flowing water, but today the planet is an arid desert (SN: 12/8/14). Previously, scientists thought that Mars water was lost in a slow and steady trickle, as sunlight split water in the lower atmosphere and hydrogen gradually diffused upward, Stone says.

But MAVEN, which has been orbiting Mars since 2014, scooped up water molecules in Mars ionosphere, at altitudes of about 150 kilometers. That was surprising previously the highest water had been seen was about 80 kilometers (SN: 1/22/18).

That high-up water varied in concentration as the seasons changed on Mars, with the peak in the southern summer, when seasonal dust storms are most frequent (SN: 7/14/20). During a global dust storm in 2018, water levels jumped even higher, suggesting dust storms lift water in a sudden splash, Stone says.

The top of Mars atmosphere is full of charged molecules that are primed for rapid chemical reactions, especially with water. So water up there is split apart quickly, on average lasting only four hours, leaving hydrogen atoms to float away (SN: 11/27/15). That process is 10 times faster than previously known ways for Mars to lose water, Stone and his colleagues calculated.

This process could account for Mars losing the equivalent of a 44-centimeter-deep global ocean in the past billion years, plus another 17-centimeter-deep ocean during each global dust storm, the team found. That cant explain all of Mars water loss, but its a start.

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Chemical reactions high in Mars atmosphere rip apart water molecules - Science News

CPChem touts PE chemical recycling success, targets billion pounds of production by 2030 – Plastics News

Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. said it has successfully completed its first commercial-scale production of polyethylene using chemical recyclingand plans to produce 1 billion pounds of the material annually by 2030.

The Woodlands, Texas-based firm made the announcement Oct. 8and said the recycled material matches the performance and safety specifications of its virgin PE.

CPChem spokesman Ryan Draper said the company has a target to produce a total of 1 billion pounds of the recycled PE annually by 2030. He declined to disclose current production but said it was made in the company's Cedar Bayou facility in Baytown, Texas, where it makes virgin PE and other chemicals.

"We are exceptionally proud to be the first company to announce production of a circular polyethylene on this scale in the U.S.," Jim Becker, vice president of polymers and sustainability, saidin the statement. "The successful production run marks a huge step for CPChem on our path to being a world leader in producing circular polymers."

"This development is an important milestone for us as we further our commitment to proactively help the world find sustainable solutions, including the elimination of plastic waste in the environment," he said.

The company said it was a two-year development process, and it is now working on scaling up production.

It also said it is working with suppliers of pyrolysis oil from waste plastic as a feedstock and is seeking to have the material certified by the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification Plus program. It plans to market it under the trade name Marlex Anew Circular Polyethylene.

"This advanced recycling technology allows us to recover hydrocarbons from plastic waste that have previously been difficult, or even impossible to recycle, enabling us to upgrade them into clean, safe circular plastics," said Ron Abbott, CPChem's sustainability technical manager.

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Locker room chemistry is a key component the Steelers success in 2020 – Behind the Steel Curtain

The 2020 Pittsburgh Steelers have something special going on. Yes, they are 5-0 as they head to Nashville to take on the only other remaining undefeated team in the AFC. But there is something else to the Steelers team, and the more Steelers fans understand it the more they need to appreciate the Steelers front offices willingness to protect it.

The Steelers locker room is really something special.

Sometimes fans get it and sometimes they just dont see this aspect of the game. When a team comes together in the locker room, theres so much more they can do on the field. Of course its easier to have a good locker room when a team is winning, but this started long before the Steelers took the field for the first time in 2020.

Going through the different training camp setting required this season, the Steelers had a different mentality. From the beginning head coach Mike Tomlin made the statement of Its one fail, all fail which speaks both to the teams mentality when it comes to Covid procedures as well as the season in general. By players and personnel needing to take the precautions needed to in order to make this season happen, it appears it has brought this team together even more. Add the fact not one single Steelers player opted out for the season already and it felt like something special was going on with this team from the very beginning.

As the season progresses, more evidence continues to emerge about the quality the Steelers locker room. Ben Roethlisberger cannot say enough about his young wide receivers. Remember, Roethlisberger is only seven games removed from having a team which included Antonio Brown. Seeing the Steelers Pro Bowl wide receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster smiling and happy after a win where he had a minimal contribution shows the difference in this wide receivers room which Roethlisberger hasnt seen for a long time.

For those who may not have seen Thursdays Minkah Fitzpatrick interview, T.J. Watt and Bud Dupree decided to drop in and take over for a while. It was quite comical for anyone watching as Fitzpatrick burst out into laughter at their responses. While many may put this into just people having fun, the fact that they can have fun and not feel like theyre stealing each other spotlight is something to be noted.

Another example of the Steelers locker room being different is Steelers tight end Eric Ebron. One of the biggest complaints about Ebron coming into 2020 was his presence in the locker room in his previous stops in the NFL. What has happened since hes come to the Steelers? There havent been any problems reported. Additionally, Ebron is jumping for joy on the sidelines at Steelers games.

So whats the big deal? Why even talk about the Steelers locker room chemistry? Whether its great or if its terrible, does it really matter if the team is winning?

Yes, it does.

The biggest thing the Steelers need to make sure they do this season is not screw it up. As the trade deadline approaches, many feel the Steelers could possibly make a move to bolster their roster. But as much as a player can bring to the field, the Steelers also need to be aware of what the player would bring to the locker room.

I understand that just because someone has a black and gold T-shirt and a smart phone it doesnt mean they speak for Steelers Nation. There are plenty of takes presented on social media, many of which are absolutely terrible. Im going to highlight one or two that Ive seen from multiple places and show how little they consider locker room chemistry.

The Steelers need to trade JuJu NOW! Theyre going to get nothing from him if they dont.

Why are the Steelers concerned about getting something in return for a player who may or may not leave via free agency following this season? The Steelers are 5-0. This year is what its all about. Not only that, why would the Steelers even consider taking their locker room leader in the wide receivers room and shipping him off somewhere else? What message does that send to the other young players on the team? What if JuJu Smith-Schuster is the glue that holds them all together?

Im not going to quote the next one exactly, but even some former Steelers has chimed in on the topic of the Steelers trading for Dwayne Haskins. I dont understand the point. First, what are they going to have to give up to get him? Next, how is he going to help the Steelers win in 2020? And finally, why would the Steelers disrupt a quarterback room which appears to be functioning quite well?

In case youre wondering why I make the statement about a well-functioning quarterback room, its based on the James Washington touchdown in Week 6 against the Cleveland Browns. The story about this play is it was presented to Ben Roethlisberger on the sidelines by third-string quarterback Josh Dobbs who saw something where he thought it would work.

The reason this is such a big deal is Ben Roethlisberger is trusting the other players in the quarterback room. Why would Ben Roethlisberger listen to Dobbs unless these guys have something going on? Roethlisberger has been doing this more than all the other guys in the room combined, but yet Roethlisberger listened to Dobbs, Steelers scored a touchdown, and Roethlisberger gave Dobbs the credit.

How much do fans really know about the Steelers locker room? We can look for evidence through various things, but its really difficult to find out the information with certainty. After the fact, we found out so much about Steelers superstars from several years ago and the issues going on. But from everything that is coming out in 2020, this is not the case with this team. This team is rolling on and off the field.

As a Steelers fan, remember the importance of locker room chemistry, specifically in season. Yes, it would be nice if the Steelers could go out and compile as much talent as possible before the trade deadline. But if theres any question as to whether or not its going to upset the balance in the locker room while this team is on a roll, then dont even bother picking up the phone.

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Using Analytical Chemistry To Put an End to Corked Wine – Technology Networks

The sound when the cork pops out of the bottle is satisfying isnt it? But what disappointment if at that very first sip the look of pleasure and anticipation turns to disgust when the off flavors of a faulty wine hit your tongue thats if it even gets past your nose.

There are seven common faults that can be identified in wines, although a limited degree of some may be appreciated as pleasant by some consumers. These faults include oxidation (in excess), reduction, Brett (caused by Brettanomyces yeast), excess sulfur dioxide (SO2) (naturally produced during wine making and used to stabilize wines), volatile acidity, out of condition (over-age, bad storage) and last but by no means least 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), more commonly known as cork taint.

In the article we are going to focus on cork taint a fault not appreciated by anyone in the wine production, retail or consumer chain.

Cork is a natural product, stripped bark from the cork oak (Quercus suber). Consequently, as with any food or beverage product, good agricultural practice is necessary to minimize contamination by unwanted microbes during processing, transport and storage. Because of the nature of corks source, typical contaminants include soil-borne bacteria, yeasts and most commonly fungi. It is a subset of these fungi that are associated with cork taint. Species most frequently associated with cork taint include isolates from the genera Trichoderma and Fusarium, although other fungal species are also known to be involved.

To defend itself from fungal attackers, the tree produces phenolic compounds. In retaliation the fungi defend themselves by methylating the phenolic compounds which makes them less toxic, resulting in compounds such as anisole. When anisole then comes into contact with chlorine, which is frequently used as an antimicrobial during cork sterilization, it is converted to TCA et voila! If an affected cork is then used to stopper a bottle of wine, the compound is transferred into the wine as it comes into direct contact.

Cork taint is a harmless to health, naturally-occurring fault in bottles of wines closed by corks. It results in a very unattractive, moldy, wet cardboard smell that additionally reduces the fruit character of wine (it has nothing to do with pieces of cork breaking off and being seen in the bottle or glass). It can be detected by tasters at very low concentrations commented David Way, Wine Qualifications Developer at the Wine and Spirit Education Trust (WSET). Whilst the characteristics of cork taint have been described as a fault for decades, it wasnt until the 1980s that the compound responsible for taint was actually identified1, 2.

It has been estimated that 2-7% of wines suffer from cork taint3, 4; not only disappointing for the consumer but resulting in economic loss for producers and retailers. Thats aside from the sacrilege of potentially losing rare fine wines. However, these figures are reducing as the cork industry seek to address the issue.

A group of trained wine judges were put to the test and a geometric mean of the minimum detectable concentrations of TCA determined at 4.6 ng/L. Levels in the wines themselves below this should theoretically be undetectable to consumers and therefore offer a maximal threshold for acceptable limits of cork-to-wine transfer.

A host of laboratory-based analytical techniques can be applied to wines to determine if they contain TCA. Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ selective ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) has been shown to work well in detecting TCA in wines. SPME has also been used on wines and cork material to detect TCA at levels beyond olfactory detection. Headspace SPME and heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection has also proved effective. However, from a production point of view, every cork is an individual, so short of uncorking and testing every wine before it is sold, these techniques are not helpful in preventing cork taint in the first place.

In terms of whole, natural corks, the primary focus of efforts has been on identifying corks that contain TCA to prevent them reaching the bottling line.

A non-destructive technique called the dry-soak method was and is still used in some places to detect individual corks containing TCA. Here, every large format cork is held individually in a sealed glass jar containing 5-10 drops of de-mineralized water. Over 48 hours, the moist environment volatizes the TCA and then the corks are sniffed by a human expert panel. A study comparing this technique to chemical analysis by GC-MS found the dry-soak method effective in detecting tainted corks. However, this technique is labor intensive and due to sensory fatigue, only around 200 corks can be sniffed in one sitting, stopping for breaks every 50 corks. It may be effective, but this is therefore certainly not a method suited to a high throughput environment.

Given the sheer volume of corks used in the wine industry there is clearly a need for a quantitative, automated system for accurately detecting and rejecting affected corks.

A number of groups in both academia and industry, fostering collaboration between chemists and the cork industry, have successfully sought non-invasive, sensing device solutions that detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including TCA, on individual corks, rapidly.

A multi-center EU-funded project successfully developed an electronic nose, consisting of a sensor array, capable of detecting TCA down to 2 ng/L at a rate of 250 corks per hour. Whilst promising, the project has however not produced a solution available to producers. Whilst they can be useful technology, electronic noses lack the sensitivity required to detect TCA at the levels required and as such dont provide a solution for detecting affected corks currently commented Professor Ulrich Fischer, Head of the Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Service Center for Rural Areas (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Germany.

A partnership was able to create a similar GC-based system with an analytical detection limit of a mere 0.5 ng/L, well below that detectable by a consumer. Each cork is checked individually with the cork sniffers currently able to test one cork every 16 seconds, each typically checking around 34,650 corks a week. But the goal is one every 10 seconds!

An alternative based on gas phase spectroscopy, also a result of industry-academia collaboration, analyzes corks one-by-one in an automated system and can be used on washed and unwashed corks. It too has a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/L and takes just 5 seconds to analyze each cork.

Seems like a huge waste of natural resources you may be thinking but fear not! Rejected corks can still find a useful life in applications such as flooring and gaskets.

An alternative approach is to prevent the formation of TCA in the first place by sterilizing and reconstituting the cork. The cork industry has responded with two main approaches cleaning cork with steam or creating closures with recomposed cork particles that have been cleaned and reconstituted with plastic. These responses are probably what has led to the reduction in corked bottles in recent years and give wine consumers the familiar ritual of opening a bottle with a corkscrew commented Way.

Corks fragments that have been sterilized with supercritical CO2 and glued back together have been a huge success in the wine industry. As the compounds used to reform them do not contain plasticizers they have been well received and accepted by many as a good and safe alternative to whole natural corks commented Fischer. He continued, Reconstitution also enables manufacturers to control the porosity of the corks to oxygen so they can be tailored to different types of wine. A red Bordeaux for example may benefit from a cork that enables greater oxygenation to develop its character, whilst a Riesling from Germany may benefit from less oxygenation to retai
n the floral aromatic character of the wine.

Recently, a Swiss group have developed a membrane that is able to filter TCA out of wines. Fischer continued, This is an exciting development for wine producers and suppliers. Whilst not economically viable for wines at the cheaper end of the market, it ensures rare and expensive wines are not lost and means suppliers are able to provide the vintages their customers want.

Plastic corks and screw cap closures have gained popularity in many parts of the world, particularly in New World wines. However, they are still fallible with compromised seals resulting in leakage and spoiled wines from excessive oxidation.

Synthetic closures avoid the hazards associated with TCA, but they lack the microporous properties of cork that allow minute quantities of oxygen into the bottle. Whilst excessive oxygenation is undesirable, small quantities of oxygen are a necessary part of the bottle ageing process that help to develop the tertiary characteristics of the wine think savory, meaty notes in a red, or honeyed, dried fruit in a white wine.

Therefore, whilst rubber corks and screw caps may be a good solution to protecting wines bottled for immediate consumption, they are not appropriate for premium wines that are designed to be bottle matured for a number of years.

Non-traditional corks are a very much contentious subject within the industry and the strength of opposition such that in some regions any closure except natural cork is banned under local wine production regulations.

The main approaches to dealing with cork taint have been either to use other types of closure, especially screw caps, or to ensure that corks do not contain TCA. Screw caps have been widely adopted in Australia and especially New Zealand (among many other countries) and have been accepted, especially for inexpensive and mid-priced wines in some markets, for example, the UK. There has been less take up by wine makers in Europe and less acceptance of alternative closures in some major market, such as France, Italy and the USA (although attitudes are changing in the last named) concluded Way.

Researchers have been developing new cork-free screw caps that incorporate a breathable liner, enabling micro dosing of oxygen into the bottle. It is still however early days and they have not been widely adopted so it is unlikely you will pick one up off the supermarket shelf anytime soon.

Aside from their physical and chemical properties, studies have shown that many consumers prefer natural corks and it impacts their perception of quality, an important consideration for wine producers and retailers wishing to get the best price for their wines.

Despite the potential shortcomings of natural cork. It is worth considering the green, biodegradable and renewable nature of cork over alternatives. Cork oaks grow for around 25 years before the first harvest, benefitting the environment and providing habitat. Once harvested a skillful job, the bark of the cork oak regrows too, and can be harvested every 8-14 years, offering long-term productivity.

References

1.Tanner H, Zanier C, Buser HR. 2,4,6-Trichloranisol: Eine dominierende komponente des korkgeschmacks, Schweiz. Z. Obst-Weinbau. 1981;117:97-103.

2.Buser H, Zanier C, Tanner H. Identification of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole as a potent compound causing cork taint, J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982;30:359-362.

3.Silva Pereira C, Figueiredo Marques JJ & San Romo MV. Cork taint in wine: Scientific knowledge and public perception A critical review. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2010;26(3):147-162. doi:10.1080/10408410008984174

4.Butzke CE, Evans TJ, Ebeler SE. Detection of cork taint in wine using automated solid-phase micro extraction in combination with GC/MS-SIM. Chemistry of Wine Flavor, 1998;15:208-216. doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0714.ch015

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Howard University Chemical Engineering Professor Awarded $500K NSF Grant for Research on Biological Surfaces and Pathogens – Howard Newsroom

WASHINGTON Howard University chemical engineering associate professor and Director of Graduate Studies Preethi Chandran, Ph.D., has received a $500,000grant from the National Science Foundation through the Excellence in Research (EiR) program to study the biophysics of the shield of sugars, or glycans, that typically can shield pathogens.

One may think of the sugars found in glycan shields as gooey, sticky stuff that coats cells, Chandran says. Our goal is to find the order in the gooey-ness so we can predict where a pathogen like SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes CoVID-19, would stick to itself or to mucus, or if it would just slip past the scouts of the immune system and therapeutics as well, explains Professor Chandran.

By deconstructing how the glycan shield protects pathogens, scientists can design strategies to breach the shield so that a broad spectrum of pathogens can be made vulnerable to detection, sanitizing, and treatment, Chandran says.

Chandran is the co-lead investigator on the research project with Sergei Nekhai, Ph.D. Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease deputy director and professor of biochemistry. The research will incorporate a team of undergraduate and graduate student researchers. An important objective is to discover holistic and economical approaches to combat the onset of infections. Ultimately, Chandran aims to develop new methods to study the interfacial dynamics of biomolecular surfaces and assemblies and to redirect naturally occurring biological interactions for a wide range of scientific applications.

Awards granted by the EiR program at NSF encourage and support potentially transformative research by outstanding scientists and researchers at HBCUs, says Interim Chair of the Department of Chemical Engineering Patrick Ymele-Leki, Ph.D. Our department is very fortunate to currently work on four separate projects supported by these highly competitive awards, and we are proud of the work done by Dr. Chandran and her colleagues to receive these grants.

About Howard University

Founded in 1867, Howard University is a private, research university that is comprised of 13 schools and colleges. Students pursue studies in more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate, graduate and professional degrees. The University operates with a commitment to Excellence in Truth and Service and has produced one Schwarzman Scholar, three Marshall Scholars, four Rhodes Scholars, 11 Truman Scholars, 25 Pickering Fellows and more than 165 Fulbright recipients. Howard also produces more on-campus African-American Ph.D. recipients than any other university in the United States. For more information on Howard University, visit http://www.howard.edu.

For media inquiries, please contact Sholnn Freeman, sholnn.freeman@howard.edu

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Howard University Chemical Engineering Professor Awarded $500K NSF Grant for Research on Biological Surfaces and Pathogens - Howard Newsroom

Public Water Testing For N.H. State PFAS Chemical Limits To Begin After Year-Long Delay – New Hampshire Public Radio

Thursday marks the restart of widespread testing for PFAS chemicals in New Hampshires public water supplies, after a year-long delay due to a lawsuit from PFAS-maker 3M.

PFAS are industrial chemicals, widely found in groundwater and linked to health problems including liver and kidney disease, high cholesterol and reproductive, developmental and immune issues, as well as potentially some cancers.

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The chemicals were common until at least the early 2000s in many household products, but aren't subject to binding federally regulations. New Hampshire is one of a small but growing number of states with its own PFAS limits.

The state Department of Environmental Services briefly enacted these new rules last year, before a judge granted an injunction that halted enforcement. This summer, the state legislature re-authorized the limits itself and put an end to the court case.

Starting Thursday, public water systems of all sizes, as well as schools, will have to test on a quarterly basis for four kinds of PFAS in their water supply.

If their average levels over four consecutive quarters exceed any the state's limits, which are some of the strictest in the country, they could have to invest millions of dollars in treatment technology or new water sources.

Brandon Kernan, the head of the DES Drinking Water Bureau, told NHPR that voluntary sampling from 2016 to 2019 showed close to 200,000 people affected by PFAS contamination.

It means contamination was present at one time in 7% of water systems, serving more than a quarter of public water users in the state. The state says this rate is comparable to a naturally occurring contaminant.

Kernan said in an email that many systems have since addressed the issue: in many cases the source of water has been taken offline, blended with another source to reduce PFAS levels or had treatment installed.

Several hundred systems also conducted tests at the end of 2019 to comply with the new limits before the court injunction took effect. Most were small housing developments and schools, along with some larger systems.

Kernan said data on those tests compiled in March showedexcessive PFAS levelsin about 5% of systems.

The state says it will offer water systems a waiver to use that fourth-quarter 2019 data as part of their average results over the next year.

Jason Randall is the superintendent of the Plymouth Village Water and Sewer District, one of the plaintiffs recruited by 3M to join the lawsuit that delayed the rules last year. He told NHPR in an interview that Plymouth did not test for PFAS at the end of 2019, but will begin doing so this quarter.

Randall is still concerned that the new PFAS limits and others planned in the next few years will create uncertainty for water ratepayers. He calls the cost of testing an expense up and coming for Plymouth, and says the cost of any potential treatment is still an unknown at this point.

The state is in the process of launching a new $50 million low-interest loan fund to help systems comply with the rules. Other sources, like federally-backed drinking water revolving loans and the state Drinking Water and Groundwater Trust Fund, could also be used.

New Hampshire is also part of a huge lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers like 3M and DuPont. Similar suits have netted hundreds of millions of dollars for contaminated areas in the past. New Hampshire will augment the new loan fund with any settlement it may eventually receive.

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Public Water Testing For N.H. State PFAS Chemical Limits To Begin After Year-Long Delay - New Hampshire Public Radio

Crystal competition offers socially distanced chemistry for kids – UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff – University at Buffalo Reporter

Looking for a hands-on science project to do with your children this fall? The U.S. Crystal Growing Competition is back.

Held annually since 2014, the contest challenges K-12 students and teachers to grow the biggest, most beautiful crystals they can using aluminum potassium sulfate (alum), a nontoxic chemical used in water purification.

This year, the contest takes on new meaning, with many schools across the country operating under a remote or hybrid learning model, says founder Jason Benedict, a UB chemist with two school-aged kids.

Now, more than ever, with so many kids being at home, they need fun, hands-on scientific activities, says Benedict, associate professor of chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences. Growing crystals means they can take a break from their screens and do an exciting activity thats going to teach them something about crystals and crystal growth. You can do this as a family.

Crystals are really special objects where all of the ions or molecules are lined up in repeating patterns. People are exposed to crystals in a variety of ways in their daily lives. Snowflakes, for example, are all crystals. Salt and sugar are crystals. There are crystals inside of computers. Pharmaceuticals are crystalline. Well-tempered chocolate is an example: The snap of a well-tempered piece of chocolate is because the chocolate has a particular crystal form inside of it.

The contest is open to K-12 students and teachers, whether they are back in the classroom or learning at home. Participants can register for the competition by filling out the 2020 entry form and ordering bottles of crystal-growing material for $8. The deadline to order alum is Oct. 1.

Crystal-growing begins on Oct. 19, coinciding with National Chemistry Week, and goes on for five weeks. In addition to categories judging crystals by size and quality, the contest will again include a coolest crystal category that awards participants for cultivating crystals with a creative flourish, whether that means coloring crystals, trapping an object inside of them or implementing some other innovation.

Winners in various categories will be able to choose between cash prizes or hands-on magnetic science models that kids can manipulate to learn about crystal structures.

During the competition, teachers, students and families can share their excitement with the community of crystal-growers by posting updates on Twitter using the contests hashtag, #2020USCGC, Benedict says.

Submissions will be judged at UB.

The 2019 competition reached about 150 teams representing thousands of K-12 students and teachers, and homeschooling families in 33 states.

The experience of growing a sparkly, single crystal from scratch can be memorable for children.

Each team or participant starts with 100 grams of powdered alum. To grow a crystal, kids dissolve the material into water, then let the water evaporate. This causes the compound to emerge from the solution to form a crystal.

Its work that requires patience and finesse: If the water evaporates too quickly, too much of the alum will crystallize, causing imperfections such as occlusions or jagged edges (think rock candy). Go too slow, and youll get a miniscule crystal.

If the participants have half as much fun growing their crystals as we do receiving them, were going to have a lot of happy kids, parents and teachers, Benedict says.

Here are some how-to videos for growing large, single crystals:

The U.S. Crystal Growing Competition is sponsored by the American Crystallographic Association (which is based in Buffalo), the National Science Foundation, VWR and Wards Science, the UB Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, the Texas A&M Department of Chemistry, the University of Central Florida Department of Chemistry, the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the Western New York section of the American Chemical Society, Bruker, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Krackeler Scientific and Rigaku, along with individuals who have made donations. To make a gift to support the contest, visit the competitions fundraising page.

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Crystal competition offers socially distanced chemistry for kids - UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff - University at Buffalo Reporter

Vols Center Brandon Kennedy Shares Thoughts on Potential 7th-Year, OL Chemistry Heading Into Week One – Sports Illustrated

Our offensive line coach always tells us that we want to set the tone, so I think if we set the tone for the team, we can be very successful. We want to be able to win our box, (our) five guys, we have a job every play. Thats kind of the goal we set going into a game we want to win every play and dominate our box. Those are two things that we focus on as an offensive line, " Brandon Kennedy told local reporters during Tuesday's Zoom interview.

The interviews come just days before Kennedy starts his sixth season at the college ranks. Six seasons for Kennedy, two different SEC schools, and he might not be done just yet.

The COVID-19 pandemic spurred the NCAA to essentially give all college players electing to play this fall a free pass. No eligibility will be counted, so essentially all seniors could return in 2021.

Kennedy would be a 7th-year senior, and he is not ruling out the option of returning. He said, "You know, right now I'm kind of focusing on this season. It really wasn't in the plan, but whatever happens, after this season is up to chance. I'm just kind of taking it day by day as far as this sixth year that I have, and if it may happen in the future, it may, but as of right now I'm not really sure.

Kennedy has been dubbed as "The Kingpin" of Tennessee's offense, and he could be a valuable piece of Tennessee's offensive line, if he was to return in 2021. He has been a key part of building a strong chemistry upfront for the Vols.

He said of that today, "I think weve been really good at building chemistry. It has allowed us to get different guys at different positions this year, so I think its been great. Our expectations going into the first game is we want to be physical upfront, and make a name for ourselves with our physicality, so thats what we pride ourselves on with the offensive line.

The unit projects to be Tennessee's strongest group heading into Saturday night's season opener against South Carolina, which will air at 7:30 ET.

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Vols Center Brandon Kennedy Shares Thoughts on Potential 7th-Year, OL Chemistry Heading Into Week One - Sports Illustrated

Synthetic connectivity, emergence, and self-regeneration in the network of prebiotic chemistry – Science Magazine

Mapping primordial reaction networks

Chemists seeking to understand the origins of life have published a wide range of reactions that may have yielded the building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from simple precursors. Woos et al. scoured the literature to document each such reaction class and then wrote software that applied the reactions first to the simplest compounds such as cyanide, water, and ammonia, and then iteratively to each successive generation of products. The resulting network predicted a variety of previously unappreciated routes to biochemically relevant compounds, several of which the authors validated experimentally.

Science, this issue p. eaaw1955

Although hundreds of organic reactions have been validated under consensus prebiotic conditions, we still have only a fragmentary understanding of how these individual steps combined into complete synthetic pathways to generate lifes building blocks, which other abiotic molecules might have also formed, how independent reactions gave rise to chemical systems, and how membranes encapsulating these systems came into being. Answering such questions requires consideration of very large numbers of possible synthetic pathways. Starting with even a few primordial substratese.g., H2O, N2, HCN, NH3, CH4, and H2Sthe number of prebiotically synthesizable molecules grows rapidly into the tens of thousands. Detailed analysis of this space and its synthetic connectivity may be beyond the cognition of individual chemists but can be performed by smart computer algorithms.

We harnessed the power of computer-assisted organic synthesis to map the network of molecules that are synthesizable from basic prebiotic feedstocks. This was done by encoding currently known prebiotic reactions in a machine-readable format, augmenting these reaction transforms with information about incompatible groups and reaction conditions, and then applying them iteratively to a set of basic prebiotic substrates. The reaction network thus created was queried by algorithms to identify complete synthetic routes as well as those tracing reaction systemsnotably, reaction cycles. All calculations were supported by a software application that is freely available to the scientific community.

We demonstrate that this network comprises more abiotic molecules than biotic molecules. The biotic compounds differ from the abiotic compounds in several ways: They are more hydrophilic, more thermodynamically stable, and more balanced in terms of the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors they contain and are synthesizable along routes with fewer changes of conditions. The network contains not only all known syntheses of biotic compounds but also previously unidentified routes, several of which (e.g., prebiotic syntheses of acetaldehyde and diglycine, as well as malic, fumaric, citric, and uric acids) we validated by experiment. We also demonstrate three notable forms of chemical emergence: (i) that the molecules created within the network can themselves enable new types of prebiotic reactions; (ii) that within just a few synthetic generations, simple chemical systems (including self-regenerating cycles) begin to emerge; and (iii) that the network contains prebiotic routes to surfactant species, thus outlining a path to biological compartmentalization. We support these conclusions with experimental results, establishing previously undescribed prebiotic reactions and entire reaction systemsnotably, a self-regenerating cycle of iminodiacetic acid.

Computer-generated reaction networks are useful in identifying synthetic routes to prebiotically relevant targets and are indispensable for the discovery of prebiotic chemical systems that are otherwise challenging to discern. As our network continues to grow by means of crowd-sourcing of newly validated prebiotic reactions, it will allow continued simulation of chemical genesis, beginning with molecules as simple as water, ammonia, and methane and leading to increasingly complex targets, including those of current interest in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Computer simulation of plausible prebiotic reactions creates a network of molecules that are synthesizable from prebiotic feedstocks and establishes multiple unreportedbut now experimentally validatedsyntheses of prebiotic targets as well as self-regenerating cycles. In this schematic illustration, light blue nodes represent abiotic molecules, dark blue nodes represent molecules along newly discovered prebiotic syntheses of uric and citric acids, and red nodes represent other biotic molecules.

The challenge of prebiotic chemistry is to trace the syntheses of lifes key building blocks from a handful of primordial substrates. Here we report a forward-synthesis algorithm that generates a full network of prebiotic chemical reactions accessible from these substrates under generally accepted conditions. This network contains both reported and previously unidentified routes to biotic targets, as well as plausible syntheses of abiotic molecules. It also exhibits three forms of nontrivial chemical emergence, as the molecules within the network can act as catalysts of downstream reaction types; form functional chemical systems, including self-regenerating cycles; and produce surfactants relevant to primitive forms of biological compartmentalization. To support these claims, computer-predicted, prebiotic syntheses of several biotic molecules as well as a multistep, self-regenerative cycle of iminodiacetic acid were validated by experiment.

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Synthetic connectivity, emergence, and self-regeneration in the network of prebiotic chemistry - Science Magazine

US revokes over 1000 visas of Chinese students and researchers – Chemistry World

Academic research organisations and science groups in the US have expressed alarm at the State Department revoking more than 1000 visas of Chinese graduate and postgraduate students between 1 June and 8 September. The cancellation of these visas was carried out under a proclamation President Trump announced back in May that prohibits individuals from studying or conducting research in the US if they are found to be affiliated with the Chinese government or its military.

The proclamation safeguards US national security by limiting the [Peoples Republic of Chinas] ability to leverage Chinese graduate students and researchers in the United States to steal United States technologies, intellectual property and information to develop advanced military capabilities, the State Department said. The measure directs the agency to consider revoking the visas of Chinese nationals holding valid F student or J exchange visas the vast majority of which are graduate students and researchers if deemed to be linked to Chinas military strategy.

The high risk graduate students and research scholars represent a small subset of the total number of Chinese students and scholars coming to the US, according to the State Department. We continue to welcome legitimate students and scholars from China who do not further the Chinese Communist Partys goals of military dominance, the agency said.

The rescinded visas only apply to Chinese students and scholars currently outside America, who were either trying to enter the US for the first time or return, according to Brad Farnsworth with the American Council on Education.

News about these revoked visas came shortly after the Department of Homeland Securitys acting chief, Chad Wolf, delivered a State of Homeland Security speech on 9 September in which he discussed the US governments actions to block visas for certain Chinese graduate students and researchers to prevent them from stealing sensitive research.

From intellectual property theft and stealing trade secrets that rob from American innovators to hacking attempts to penetrate and compromise American organisations conducting Covid research to abusing student visas to exploit American academia, the actions of China may be unabating, but they are not unthwartable, Wolf stated.

Researchers at US institutions with ties to China are increasingly being targeted at US universities, not only by the State Department but also the Justice Department and universities. Fifteen researchers from China who worked at the University of North Texas were recently ordered by the university to leave the US immediately after the university cut ties with the Chinese Scholarship Council that funds their work and is run by Chinas education ministry. These individuals are from various disciplines and departments across the university but none are chemists, according to the university.

The researchers access to the universitys emails, servers and other materials was cut straightaway. As their visas were also immediately terminated, the university advised them to contact their hosts and arrange to be accompanied to collect their personal items from campus.

Ben Corb, a spokesman for the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, is also worried. What I find most troubling is the complete lack of transparency about exactly why the relationship was ended with these scholars they are working with, he tells Chemistry World. There are 15 scientists [at the University of North Texas] who were told essentially that they have got to pack their bags and get out of the country relatively immediately, and nobody has provided an actual reason that will have a chilling effect on others who might want to engage and collaborate with the US.

While US academic and scientific organisations agree that there are certainly valid security concerns, they also suggest that nationalism in the US is bleeding into science.

American Chemical Society spokesperson Glenn Ruskin says his organisation supports precautions to protect US intellectual property, but is concerned that broad-brush measures targeting specific countries may result in unintended negative impacts to the US research enterprise. We hope these recent actions are based on specific findings, he adds.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science is also weighing in. We are today facing new challenges and greater scrutiny by the government, says Joanne Carney, who heads government relations for the organisation. We need to ensure that our efforts to protect national security do not damage Americas leadership in science and engineering, she warns.

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US revokes over 1000 visas of Chinese students and researchers - Chemistry World

Ohio State footballs Justin Fields developing chemistry with Buckeye receivers old and new – cleveland.com

COLUMBUS, Ohio Until 2020, one struggled to imagine an 11 on 11 practice period in September being a big deal for Ohio State football.

Long delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and the Big Tens stop-and-go preseason, the Buckeyes finally went offense against defense earlier this week. Protected only by helmets and light pads, this was another non-contact activity to knock the rust off ahead of a season which, at the time, remained hypothetical.

If that sounds like no big deal, Ohio State quarterback Justin Fields was practically giddy to talk about it Friday.

That was the most fun Ive had in a minute, Fields said.

Those workouts are obviously not about fun, at least not primarily. The Buckeyes are making up for time lost last spring, when the coronavirus pandemic first interrupted their program, and playing catchup to those programs whose seasons have already begun.

Ohio State will not begun full contact practices until the Big Tens program for daily rapid COVID-19 testing goes into effect. The league said that will happen no later than Sept. 30.

In the meantime, the Buckeyes can continue the 7 on 7 drills and other workouts already underway. This is where Fields can work on the connection with his receivers. That includes the veterans with whom he already shares a connection and the four freshmen striving to make an immediate impact.

Julian Fleming, Jaxon Smith-Njigba, Gee Scott and Mookie Cooper arrived at Ohio State in January as the countrys most impressive group of freshman receivers at least on paper. The head start they expected to receive by enrolling early ended almost before it began.

Both head coach Ryan Day and receivers coach Brian Hartline expressed concerns about what the truncated spring would mean for that group. Earlier this week, however, Day said all four freshmen had shown out." Fields confirmed that assessment on Friday.

Theyve been phenomenal, Fields said. Just the talent between Jaxon, Julian, Gee, Mookie. I mean, those guys are probably the most polished freshmen Ive seen with my own eyes.

Just seeing what they can do on the field and what plays they can make and how talented they are that of course gets me excited.

Considering how much Ohio State traditionally rotates its receivers, the door remains open for all four to make an impact this fall. They will still need to surpass some talented veterans, and Fields has been working on firming up his connection there as well.

Chris Olave returns to high expectations in his third season. Garrett Wilson moves into the slot a role that tantalized both Day and Hartline back in the spring. Jameson Williams flashed game-breaking abilities in a reserve role last season as a true freshman. Older players such as Jaylen Harris and Kamryn Babb could also push for bigger roles.

Those guys are talented as can be, Fields said on Friday. The thing that theyve shown in practice, I think our chemistry, were getting better each and every day.

No one expressed much concern for Ohio States receiving room last winter even though all-time receptions leader K.J. Hill and fellow seniors Austin Mack and Binjimen Victor all departed. Fields, in his second year as a starter, was supposed to have plenty of time to improve his on-field rapport with the other returning receivers while welcoming the freshmen into the arsenal.

COVID-19 threw some complications into that plan. But the Buckeyes have six weeks prior to the reconfigured start of the season to start clicking again.

After a frustrating and at times discouraging offseason, it sounds like that work is becoming fun again.

New Ohio State face masks for sale: Heres where you can buy Ohio State-themed face coverings for coronavirus protection. A 3-pack is available on Fanatics for $29.99.

Fanatics has released Ohio State Buckeyes Adult Face Coverings. This 3-pack of adult masks, retails for $29.99.

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Ohio State footballs Justin Fields developing chemistry with Buckeye receivers old and new - cleveland.com

Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market size and Key Trends in terms of volume and value 2020-2025 – CueReport

The Global Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market is growing at a faster pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2020 to 2025. The Global Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market for the forecast period (20202025). The report comprises of various segments as well an analysis of the trends and factors that are playing a substantial role in the market. These factors; the market dynamics, involves the drivers, restraints, opportunities and challenges through which the impact of these factors in the market are outlined. The Global Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market study provides an outlook on the development of market in terms of revenue throughout the prognosis period.

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The recent Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market research report offers a brief overview of this industry landscape including insights pertaining to growth factors, limitations, opportunities and other future prospects influencing the business scenario.

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Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market size and Key Trends in terms of volume and value 2020-2025 - CueReport

Hickman’s offense has chemistry that you just can’t teach – ABC17News.com

COLUMBIA, Mo (KMIZ)

Since Missouri's high school football season started on August 28, there have been three players making their names known on Hickman's offense: wide receiver Devin Turner, quarterback T.J. Tuner, and wide receiver L.J. Williams.

Fans and coaches alike said it is easy to see their bond on and off the field.

It's pretty obvious why their chemistry is so strong when you consider that these three grew up together, in fact, they're all cousins.

We would go over to each others houses and play tackle football, even though we werent supposed to. Thats just always what we did," Williams said.

The trio has been around Hickman High School for a while now and head coach Cedric Alvis said it's easy to see their impact.

"It's hard to sum up in words, to be honest with you, just because of what they mean," he said. "You look at Devin and, as a senior, he's done everything I want him to do. He's shown up to everything, he busts his butt in the weight room and has a 3.9 GPA. He's getting recruited by Washington and T.J. and L.J. are not too far behind. But, Devin has kind of set that standard and he's an example for my program."

It's also easy to see what more than 15 years of playing football together has done for them on the field. They said that it gives them a competitive edge.

"With all the other receivers it's kind of different, because Devin is the fastest," T.J. said. "L.J. is slightly behind him, but Devin is the quickest. It's just knowing both of them how fast they are."

Alvis said that the trio just has an ability to know where the other is going to be at any moment. He added that that bond is something coaches dream of.

"If you think about it, that's the luxury of some of the programs we face. Their kids have been playing together since they were knee-high to the tree," he said. "You can't teach confidence and chemistry. If I only have you for three years and two of those are varsity, it's tough to build that."

But, part of that confidence and chemistry is the competitiveness that the cousins bring out amongst each other.

We talk stuff a lot, a lot. Sometimes it just gets overwhelmed and we stop talking for a couple days,' T.J. said.

But its just all love, cousin love, thats how everything happens," said Williams.

Alvis said he and the other coaches are well-aware of the rivalry that lives in the three of them and they use it.

"As coaches, I would lie to you if I told you that we didn't try to play off of that," he said. "If Devin makes a hell of a catch, of course I'm going to yell great job Devin and make sure that L.J. hears me. I make sure that he hears that I'm complimenting Devin and not him. All of them want to be the best player on the field at all times."

Overall, all three said that they know playing with family every day and every Friday night is something not a lot of people can say that they've done.

But, they also know those moments are running are short, as Devin is playing his last season in a Kewpies jersey.

Its his senior year so, Im going to try and ball out for him," T.J. said.

T.J. and L.J. said the they want to make his last season count, especially after the example he set for them all these years.

"You can just see it in their eyes," Alvis said. "If L.J. misses a block for Devin or if T.J. overthrows Devin or something like that, just the pain in their eyes because it's not like they let me down. It's, I let my family down."

Devin's exit will not be the end of the family's time at Hickman High School, but it will be the end of something they've known for years: playing together, as a trio.

"It means a lot, being able to be out here every practice and spend time with them and I'm going to be sad to leave them," Devin said.

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Hickman's offense has chemistry that you just can't teach - ABC17News.com

Strange chemical in clouds of Venus defies explanation. Could it be a sign of life? – Space.com

Discovering life beyond Earth may well start with a sniff, a whiff of some chemical that scientists struggle to explain without invoking a strange, shadowy microbe. That first step has happened on Mars and on a few distant moons, and now, scientists suggest, on Venus.

A team of astronomers announced today (Sept. 14) that it has spotted the chemical fingerprint of phosphine, which scientists have suggested may be tied to life, in the clouds of the second rock from the sun. The finding is no guarantee that life exists on Venus, but researchers say it's a tantalizing find that emphasizes the need for more missions to the hot, gassy planet next door.

"The interpretation that it's potentially due to life, I think, is probably not the first thing I would go for," Victoria Meadows, an astrobiologist at the University of Washington who was not involved in the new research, told Space.com.

Related: Venus clouds join shortlist of places to search for alien lifeMore: The greatest mysteries of Venus

But it is an intriguing detection, she said, and one that emphasizes how we overlook our neighbor. "We have some explaining to do," she continued. "This discovery especially is just another reminder of how much more we have yet to learn about Venus."

The new research builds on the idea that, although the surface of Venus endures broiling temperatures and crushing pressures, conditions are much less harsh high up in the clouds. And scientists have realized that Earth's own atmosphere is full of tiny life. Suddenly, microbes in the sweet spot of Venus's atmosphere, where temperatures and pressures mimic those on Earth, don't seem quite so outlandish.

The scientists behind the new research wanted to look for phosphine. Researchers have recently wondered whether the chemical could be a good biosignature, a compound astronomers target in looking for life. It should break down quickly in atmospheres that are rich in oxygen, like those of Earth and Venus, and on Earth, when it isn't being made by human industrial processes, it seems to be found near certain kinds of microbes.

Jane Greaves, an astronomer at the University of Cardiff in the U.K. and lead author of the new research, realized that she could use a telescope she knew well to check for it in the atmosphere of Venus, she told Space.com.

"Looking for it in Venus might be really peculiar, but it's not hard to do and it wouldn't take that many hours of telescope time," Greaves said she thought at the time. "Why not give it a go?" So on five separate mornings in June 2017, the astronomers used the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii to stare at Venus.

And then the observations sat around on a computer for a year and a half, Greaves said, without her managing to find time to study them.

"I thought, well, just before we throw this away, I'll have a final go at [analyzing the data]," she said. "There was this line and it just wouldn't go away, and it seemed like it wasn't imaginary anymore. I was just completely stunned."

That line is one stripe of a spectrum, a chemical barcode that scientists can read in a telescope's observations of light. Each chemical has its own unique fingerprint of lines and blank spaces; match enough lines and you can identify a mystery substance.

But the observations in the new research focus on only one of the lines in phosphine's barcode, Meadows said, so she isn't quite convinced the new findings represent a conclusive identification of phosphine.

"Until we can go and get another piece of that barcode we can't discriminate between which kind of barcode we're looking at," Meadows said. "I think they make a good case for it being phosphine in there, but I think they don't have what I would consider a slam-dunk detection yet."

The researchers haven't tackled that aspect yet, but Greaves and her colleagues did arrange to use the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) in March 2019 to look for the chemical again and make sure the detection wasn't just a telescopic hiccup.

ALMA gathered a few hours of data, which also revealed more phosphine than the scientists expected not a huge amount in the grand scheme of things, but about 20 particles out of every billion, according to the research.

"I was braced for disappointment, but it was amazing," Greaves said.

That abundance is significantly more phosphine than she had expected to see. The way the telescopes' observations work, the chemical must have been more than 30 miles (50 kilometers) above the Venusian surface. That's about the same altitude at which a different recent paper with some shared co-authors suggests microbial life could survive in spore form.

So Greaves and her colleagues set to work considering what might have created all that phosphine: Perhaps volcanoes erupting or lightning striking, or perhaps meteors melting in the atmosphere or winds pulling particles off the planet's surface. But none of these explanations seemed sufficient to them.

As usual, struggling to make more conventional explanations check out does not mean that scientists think they've found life. But the possibility of tiny Venusian bugs has gradually become more plausible and researchers focused on our neighboring world say that's important, whether or not there's actual life to find.

"Either it's a mistaken identity but we don't know what the chemical is, or some strange chemistry that we are not aware of or biology," Sanjay Limaye, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who wasn't involved in the new research, told Space.com. "It's a question of if it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, walks like a duck, do you call it life or not? We won't know until we go there and find out."

Related: Photos of Venus, the mysterious planet next door

As tantalizing as the detection of phosphine on Venus may be, scientists not involved with the new research worry that it makes a few big leaps, even before the massive potential implications of a detection of life.

Some were unconvinced that phosphine was a reliable fingerprint of living organisms. The single phosphorus molecule surrounded by three hydrogen molecules is, on Earth, a rarity and short-lived: some industrial processes produce it, and it's affiliated with some types of bacteria living in particularly strange environments. It quickly transforms in Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere and should in that of Venus as well, which is intriguing for scientists looking for alien breath. But the excitement about phosphine may well be premature.

"The phosphine link to the biological world is very, very faint and needs to be corroborated simply by going to the lab and doing experiments," Tetyana Milojevic, a biochemist at the University of Vienna not involved in the new research, told Space.com.

She argues that phosphine has only been found near microbes, not produced by it, and that the compound seems to be released by the chemical decay of biological material. So before scientists can use phosphine as a potential biosignature, they need to get into the lab and really understand whether and how microbes produce phosphine, a process that scientists eyeing Mars completed for methane long ago.

Alas, those experiments aren't quite as simple for phosphine, Matthew Pasek, an astrobiologist and geochemist at the University of South Florida who has worked on phosphorus cycling issues but was not involved in the new research, told Space.com. "Phosphine is kind of nasty, so we don't like playing with it, so we don't actually understand how it gets made through natural processes very well," Pasek said. "It's always been kind of relegated to the background of phosphorus chemistry."

Greaves said that she's confident phosphine is a biosignature on Earth, but does hope that the scientific community can take on these sorts of lab experiments and otherwise build on her team's work.

The idea of phosphine as a biosignature may have another fatal flaw. Venus is no
w the fourth planet where scientists have detected phosphine: two gas giants and Earth. The new detection shows phosphine levels on Venus about equal to those on Jupiter and Saturn. But that's significantly more abundant 1,000 times more abundant than on Earth, Pasek said.

"For the one place that it is likely biological, there's a lot less of it even there," he said. "So it's kind of weird that if it is biology on Venus, that's a whole lot of phosphine that is generating for weird reasons."

It is Venus, after all our mysterious neighbor.

Greaves and her colleagues plan to continue studying Venus from the ground, although she said that the coronavirus pandemic has interfered with those observations. Meadows said she hopes for analysis that would cover some of those other lines in the phosphine barcode. And of course some of the phosphine investigations can be done right here in laboratories.

But the details of this massive puzzle aren't likely the sort of thing that can be seen clearly from the surface of Earth. And spacecraft tend to zip around Venus, keeping a safe distance from its hostile environments. Designing machinery that can withstand its clouds and surface is so difficult that no spacecraft has ventured into the atmosphere in decades.

"It should implore NASA and other space agencies to look at Venus as a target for astrobiology investigation, which means they should pump some money into the development of capable aerial platforms," Limaye said of the new research.

There's no shortage of ideas to choose from when it comes to dreamed-of Venus missions that could tackle the atmosphere, whether your taste runs to more traditional designs or unorthodox options like blimps, balloons or commercially built spacecraft.

"It's time to figure out Venus," James Garvin, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, who wasn't involved in the new research but is the principal investigator on a Venus atmospheric probe mission that NASA is evaluating, told Space.com. "If we ignore it too long, we could be missing the forest for the trees, and that would never be good."

He thinks engineering has caught up with the challenges of the Venusian atmosphere.

"The time is ripe for thinking about what the atmosphere is telling us within itself. It's just this beautiful laboratory next door that has been tough enough that we've ignored it for 35 years," Garvin said. "The atmosphere is kind of calling us, whispering in the night, 'Hey, I may have something that you should think about.' And we haven't been."

The research is described in a paper published today (Sept. 14) in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Strange chemical in clouds of Venus defies explanation. Could it be a sign of life? - Space.com

Heart of gold | Opinion – Chemistry World

Saying a loved one has a heart of gold is high praise. A compliment of Shakespearean origins, heart of gold signifies the person is kind and honourable. Similarly, deeming someone as good as goldmeans they are genuine, reliable and well-behaved. Trade the gold in both idioms for arsenic, lead or thallium, and praise becomes poison. The toxicity of these other semi-metals and metals is so well known that heart of lead or as good as arsenic would be widely recognised as grievous insults. For those persons held close to our hearts, gold-themed descriptions bestow the glittering qualities of the metal to the individual and relationship splendour, stability and safety.

Bulk gold is considered safe because it is one of the least reactive metals.(Nano gold is weird.1 The fate and toxicity of gold nanoparticles are still challenging questions to answer.) Gold metal is impervious to various forms of chemical corruption that would consume lesser metals, earning its noble metal moniker and making it ideal for currency. For its shine and statement of status, pure gold has adorned weaponry throughout history for style, rather than substance. Metallic gold, for all its superior qualities, is too soft for heavy combat.2,3

Death by gold has made a splash in fiction, but many fans know this is just flashy mayhem.Consider the death of Viserys Targaryenin HBOs Game of Thrones. Viserys pushed his sister Daenerys and her husband Khal Drogo too far, even petulantly demanding a crown. Drogo happily and brutally gave Viserys a crown by pouring molten gold (which has a temperature of1064Cor more) upon his head. Viserys death was gilded, but many melted metals would have given the same gruesome outcome.

Far less gory, but just as dramatic, was the demise of Bond girl Jill Masterson in Goldfinger. Painted head to toe in gold, Masterson allegedly died due to skin suffocation a cause of death as ludicrousas Bonds double entendres. Bulk gold is considered so safe its been used as a dental prosthetic and restorativefor over 4000 years.4,5 People even eat pure gold with no ill effects like the worlds most expensive hamburger that was wrapped in gold leaf, or similarly adorned sparkling sushi and doughnuts. But just as all that glitters is not gold, not all gold is harmless. Bulk gold is considered a safe bet,6but all bets are off with gold salts.

The pharmacology and toxicology of gold(i) compounds is markedly different from metallic gold.5 This can be a boon or bane. Select gold(i) salts were literally the gold standard of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis,79with their therapeutic activity likely due to several mechanisms. Chrysotherapy, so named because gold is called chrysos in Greek, must be carefully managed. The toxicity of medicinally used gold salts follows along the lines of classic heavy metal poisoning, including the hallmark symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Gold salts affect a number of bodily systems and sites including skin, mucosa, kidney, blood, bone marrow, lung, nervous system and the liver. Deaths are rare, though they have been documented in the literature for several decades.810None appear to be the result of someone poisoning the patient. To find a documented case of criminal chrysotherapy, I had to take a dramatic turn.

In an episode of the American medical TV drama House, an apparently happily married couple are treated by Dr House and his team, the husband suffering from an array of ailments. The wifes displays of devotion turn out to be masking discontent. House proves through the use of the stannous chloride colour testfor gold11 that the wife has been poisoning her spouse. She is literally caught purple handed, as the test produces a pigment called purple of Cassius.12

Houses trick of coating his hands in stannous chloride test solution and clasping the wifes is not recommended for repeating, as this solution is typically 1020% weight per weight hydrochloric acid. House names the compound responsible to be the arthritis drug gold(i) sodium thiomalate (brand name Myochrysine), quipping that either the wifes fingers are worth their weight in gold or she has been sprinkling the drug on her husbands cereal.

Given the diabolical genius of this poisoning plot, you will be happy to know that getting ones nefarious hands on gold(i) sodium thiomalate might be more difficult than prospecting for gold. Like mostgold salts-based drugs, it is administered by intramuscular injection, and doses are stored at a healthcare site and administered by a healthcare professional by prescription. Perhaps most comforting to readers is that I found no real-life murderous plots featuring chrysotherapy gold salts. Lets hope users of these compounds remain as good as gold.

1 M B Cortie,Gold Bull., 2004,37, 12 (DOI: 10.1007/BF03215512)

2 J Browne,Seven Elements that have Changed the World: Iron, Carbon, Gold, Silver, Uranium, Titanium, Silicon. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2013

3 C H Fulton,Principles of Metallurgy: An Introduction to the Metallurgy of the Metals. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1910

4 H Knospet al,Gold Bull., 2003,36, 93 (DOI: 10.1007/BF03215496)

5 B Merchant,Biologicals, 1998,26, 49 (DOI: 10.1006/biol.1997.0123)

6 C J Murphyet al,Acc. Chem. Res., 2008,41, 1721 (DOI: 10.1021/ar800035u)

7 S L Best and P J Sadler,Gold Bull., 1996,29, 87 (DOI: 10.1007/BF03214741)

8 S Ueda and G A Porter,Gold salts, D-penicillamine and allopurinol. In Clinical Nephrotoxins: Renal Injury from Drugs and Chemicals (eds. M E De Broeet al). Springer US, 2008

9 A Balfourieret al,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 2020,117, 22639 (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007285117)

10 J G Macleod,Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1948,7, 143 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1030591)

11 C Fink and G Putnam,Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 1942,14, 468 (DOI: 10.1021/i560106a008)

12 F Habashi,Eur. Chem. Bull., 2016, 5, 416 (DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2016.5.416-419)

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Heart of gold | Opinion - Chemistry World

Terry McLaurin says chemistry, confidence there with Ryan Fitzpatrick already – Yahoo Sports

'Fitz is fun': WFT receiver McLaurin gives rave review of new QB originally appeared on NBC Sports Washington

During the first two seasons of his professional career, Terry McLaurin has caught at least one pass from seven different players andsix different quarterbacks.

Yet, despite having to be on the receiving end of the quarterback carousel in Washington -- one that has spun faster than a Trevor Bauer off-speed pitch -- McLaurin has blossomed into a promisingyoung pass-catcher.

This past offseason, Washington signed veteran quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick in free agency, a player that, if all goes well, should be an upgrade over every other signal-caller that McLaurin has played with thus far in his NFL career.

McLaurin got his first taste of what it's like catching passes from the 17-year NFL veteran during Washington's OTAs the past two weeks, and the rising third-year receiver is already starting to feel chemistry building between them.

"We've definitely been able to iron out some things early and made some connection over the past few days," McLaurin said on Thursday via Zoom."It's starting to feel a lot more natural and being able to get that head start before camp is [really] good."

It's not just Fitzpatrick's ability on the field that has impressed McLaurin, either. McLaurin mentioned that his new quarterback had already been studying his film from last year and even showed him some clips of him running routes that were similar concepts of what Fitzpatrick had run in Miami the last two seasons.

"He's also a student of the game. He's super smart," McLaurin said."It helps me out because I get to try and see the game through his eyes."

McLaurin will likely be Fitzpatrick's No. 1 target in the fall, but the veteran QB is going out of his way to begin developing a connection with the other wideouts on the roster too.

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"He puts an emphasis on really being in communication with the receivers. That's not just me," McLaurin said."I've seen him communicate with just about every receiver on the roster right now, just about what they're thinking with this route, what they're thinking about with this leverage. I think that is very important to do at this part in the season because you want to try to start making that connection early."

While he's only spent a couple of weeks practicing with Washington so far, Fitzpatrick's veteran presence and command of the offense is already starting to show.

"Fitz is great. The first thing that struck me about him is just that he has a [really] cool, calm demeanor about him," McLaurin said."When he's in the huddle, it's just really collected."

Over Fitzpatrick's lengthy NFL tenure, the quarterback has developed the reputation of having one of the best personalities in the sport. And, while he's still just getting to know his new Washington teammates, it seems his personality is already starting to shine.

"Fitz is fun," McLaurin said, smiling.

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Open Access Week and supporting the chemical science community – Royal Society of Chemistry

Researchers use that knowledge to build on and to make advances that further help to progress the science and thats for the benefit of both science itself and our global society. Open Access publishing facilitates and widens the dissemination of that knowledge; therefore this direct link with our charter is why we think OA is so important and so fundamental to our mission as a learned society.

Open Access has a significant role to play in the greater good that can come from Open Science more broadly. Open Science means more transparency across the whole research lifecycle, leading to greater reproducibility and trust in science. For that reason we have invested in what we think are incredibly important services for the community, for example ChemSpider, our free chemical structure database, providing the community with free access to over 92 million chemical structures from hundreds of data sources, and ChemRxiv, a dedicated preprint server for the chemical sciences. ChemRxiv is a truly global community endeavour, where we partner with a number of global chemical science societies (ACS, GDCh, CCS, CSJ).

Preprint servers allow researchers to disseminate their research as soon as possible, to establish precedence for the ideas that they've had and for the work they've done. That comes with the disclaimer that this knowledge hasn't yet been peer reviewed, though it means others can have advanced sight of new ideas and research.

We have been supporters of and investors in Open Access for a significant period of time, and have evolved our offerings in line with developments in the global landscape, the mandates we see from funding bodies etc. but also to accelerate the transition to open access for the community where we can again because of the role OA can play to disseminate and advance knowledge.

We introduced a hybrid OA option for authors on all our journals way back in 2006, so that authors who needed to publish OA, could do so, and it was over ten years ago that we acquired ChemSpider. I also want to call out the work weve done in partnership with the librarian community, who serve the researchers at their institutions, to evolve our OA products and services and accelerate the transition. In 2012: we launched our Gold 4 Gold pilot, providing institutions subscribing to our Gold package of journals with vouchers for their authors to publish OA in our hybrid journals. Gold 4 Gold eventually evolved into Read & Publish (R&P) in 2016 with the help of our European librarian customers, continuing that opportunity for authors at R&P institutions to publish OA in any of our hybrid journals. Now we have R&P agreements with institutions across the globe, the majority still in Europe, but also several in the US and elsewhere. In countries with R&P agreements, we see high proportions of content (80-90%) published OA in our hybrid journals, showing that authors value this easy route to OA publication in recognised venues.

Weve also been innovative and invested in our journals to support the transition to OA. In 2015, we flipped our flagship high-impact journal, Chemical Science, to Diamond/Platinum OA, so that it is both free to read and, importantly, free to publish in, meaning it is open and inclusive to all, and ensuring equitable publishing for those without funds. Chemical Science has now published over 6000 open access articles. In 2017, we flipped the largest journal in the chemical sciences, RSC Advances, to OA, and introduced this with a low APC to make this an inclusive venue for OA publishing.

Weve also been launching more full OA journals in different fields: Materials, Nanoscience, Environmental Science, Chemical Biology to ensure that authors have high-quality full OA venues (as well as high quality hybrid venues) for publication to enable them to meet their funder mandates, or if they are just choosing to publish in a full OA journal. All our new OA journals do not have an APC payable for the first few years of publication to ensure that authors can try out these new journals without having to worry about funds for APCs.

Open Access is at varying different degrees of progress and acceptance in the global chemical science community and I would say the chemical science community is, in general, less far along in their OA journey than, for example biomedical communities, where there are more direct links to human health.

Because it has, in general, been less of a pressing issue for the chemical science community, we see ourselves having a role in increasing its acceptance and adoption and that will continue to be a focus for us in the coming years. We have seen more awareness in the community around OA and its benefits, but we also recognise that we have a role in talking more around why it is important for knowledge dissemination and showing how it can benefit researchers work. Researchers need to show the impact of their research so, if Open Access facilitates wider dissemination, it helps their work to reach wider audiences, enabling it to gather more downloads, more views, more citations, all of which contributes to impact.

We have seen funders driving the transition to OA and Open Science with mandates around research publications and outputs. This is particularly the case in Europe and the UK, where such requirements have been in place for a number of years and, for that reason, we generally see a higher level of engagement with OA from these researchers. With the advent of Plan S, meaning that Coalition S-funded researchers might only be able to publish in hybrid journals if they're part of transformative agreements that's quite a significant change, as it might close off renowned and reputable, well-known venues to authors for OA publication, including their usual preferred journals.

So our proposition for Europe and the UK is twofold we're looking at full Gold OA journals and having transformative Read & Publish agreements in place with as many institutions as possible to ensure that as many publication venues as possible are as accessible to authors.

In the rest of the world, it's less clear cut, with fewer national funder mandates in place around OA and less demand from librarians for Read & Publish agreements as a result. Evolving these agreements to make them relevant for librarians/institutions and authors in other regions and countries will be the next step for us.

In the US, while the NIH and key agencies in the US have specific Green OA policies, we are seeing a drive for Gold only from specific institutions who have fully invested in OA. We have Read & Publish agreements with several North American institutions but, as yet, have seen no significant community demand for it.

India are perhaps less far along in their OA journey than the other countries from where we have large volumes of authors. Acknowledging that researchers may have less funds available to pay APCs, we have specific discounted rates for Indian researchers in RSC Advances, our largest OA journal, to make this more accessible.

In China, we tend to see authors publishing more within our Gold OA journals, than OA in hybrid. The new China Research Assessment policy has specific provisions around OA and a potential APC cap for representative works that researchers wish to publish OA - with a reasonable APC rate our journals are well within this and offer high quality venues for publication.

Science is collaborative it's a global endeavour, with researchers who are based all over the world working together. This is fantastic, but then they have complex and varied requirements or recommendations that they have to navigate from funders or institutions or even countries. As a publisher, therefore, its our role to make this as easily navigable for researchers as possible and provide them with all the options they need for publication. For example, our Read & Publish workflow makes it really simple for authors: the system automatically identifies if an author is at an institution with an agreement and highlights that they can publish
their article OA in a certain journal.

For this reason, weve tried to keep the conversation going with our global community wherever possible around OA, both via our day to day publishing activities and the various touchpoints the Society has with the global chemistry community. Weve also reached out in different ways - when Plan S arrived, we produced an animation aiming to increase awareness of it with the community and find out their thoughts about it. We also conducted a livestream debate to bring researchers voices directly into the debate. And weve conducted surveys with researchers around the world.

Recognising that some researchers have concerns around OA because of predatory journals, our activities try to showcase to the community that the quality of our journals is the same, whether it's OA or hybrid they have the same editorial standards and they all uphold high quality standards.

This isnt the end of the journey: were committed to increasing our Open Access and Open Science products and services, and continuing to make improvements so that the route to Open Science is as seamless as possible. Our belief in Open Access and Open Science is based on that foundation of one of our core Charter objectives, knowledge dissemination: to have as much knowledge as accessible as possible to members of the community, and more widely. Recent events have made the need for this all the more clear.

Open Science contributes to the integrity of the scientific record. Openness and transparency aids reproducibility and trust not only can people see more of the science, they can use more of it, to move science and Society forward.

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Open Access Week and supporting the chemical science community - Royal Society of Chemistry