Need Information on Actuated "Joints"

Hi,

I'm designing rectangular structural elements which are subjected to impacts, and there are multiple elements arranged linearly. What is needed is "joints" which can be toggled to "connect" and "disconnect" element to another, by means of electrical actuation. (Clutches are for ro

How long is a RoHS Certificate Valid for?

I have received some RoHS certificates for products that I sell, which are dated.

Assuming that the RoHS laws dont change, then how long are the certificates valid for before I have to ask for new certificates, I have been told 2 years, 4 years and 5 years.

Which if any are right?

Sor

FRP Cooling Tower Fills Replacement

Is there any guideline for replacing the cooling tower fills? We have Cooling tower at clients place where the performance is not as per requirement.

When the cooling tower manufacturer was called in to check he recommend the replacement of fills, Client feels it is only 18 months old Cooling

Alternator PF

dear all,

why generating power plant operating at above 0.9 lag to below unity PF? why not operating in unity PF, leading PF or 0.8 PF?

Thanking you

Power Flow Problem – 500MW

Problem Statement: Utility-1 is supposed to transfer a pre-agreed 500MW power to Utility-2. However, the power flow is not controlled and often times Utility-2 receives more power than what is agreed.

Can anyone propose a solution or any interconnecting equipment that could be used to resolve thi

It looks like a Center Right coalition in the Netherlands: Mark Rutte’s Peoples Party, Geert Wilders and Party for Freedom and the Christian Democrats

by Clifford F. Thies

An exit poll indicates that the market-liberal Peoples Party and the center-left Labor party will finish in a tie for first, with Geert Wilder's Freedom Party, a populist-right party, coming in third and the center-right Christian Democrats fourth. Together, the three main center-right parties would have exactly 75 of the 150 seats in the parliament.

Peoples Party - 31 seats
Freedom Party - 23 seats
Christian Democrats - 21 seats
TOTAL: 75 seats

The Freedom Party is therefore in a very strong positon for negotiations pursuant to forming a new government.

From the UK Telegraph:

Results from Dutch exit polls show that Mr Wilders and his hard-right Freedom Party, PVV, could become the kingmakers in a new coalition, which is likely to take months to emerge.

The BBC says that the two parties have much in common:

Mark Rutte, the Liberal party leader, is set to be the first Dutch prime minister from his political camp since World War One.

He told Dutch TV how pleased he was, and said he would discuss the details of his policies later. He has pledged to slash the deficit, mainly by cutting welfare programmes and stimulating new jobs, reducing income tax and cutting benefits for immigrants.

Assuming these numbers stand up - and the actual vote count may add or subtract a few seats to the indicated totals - the Peoples Party might want to bring the small Christian Union Party into a ruling coalition. The Christian Union is simultaneously more to the left on spending issues and more to the right on social issues than the Peoples Party.

The real importance of bringing the Christain Union Party into the ruling coalition would be to insure that legislation passed in the Dutch House of Representatives would be OK'ed in the Dutch Senate, where the Freedom has zero representation, but where the Christian Democrats, Peoples Party and Christian Union together have a majority. The Senate, elected to fixed terms by the state councils of the country, cannot pass or even amend legislation, but it can veto legislation passed by the House of Representatives.

IMPORTANT UPDATE!!!

With 91 percent of the vote counted, it appears that the center-right parties did slightly better than was indicated by the exit polls. The market-liberal Peoples' Party appears to have finished with 31 seats, in first place, with Labor finishing with 30 seats (one less than indicated by the exit polls). The populist-right Freedom Party appears to have finished third with 24 seats (one more than indicated by the exit polls); and, the Christian Democrats appear to have finished fourth with 21 seats. Were these numbers to hold up, the three main center-right parties would have 76 seats, i.e., a majority of the 150 seats in the Dutch parliament.

NASA Helps in Upcoming Asteroid Mission Homecoming

Artist's concept of the Hayabusa spacecraft (left) and sample  return capsule (right)
This artist's concept depicts the Hayabusa spacecraft (left) and sample return capsule (right) entering the atmosphere over South Australia.

The space and astronomy worlds have June 13 circled on the calendar.

That's when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) expects the sample return capsule of the agency's technology demonstrator spacecraft, Hayabusa, to boomerang back to Earth. The capsule, along with its mother ship, visited a near-Earth asteroid, Itokawa, five years ago and has logged about 2 billion kilometers (1.25 billion miles) since its launch in May 2003.

With the return of the Hayabusa capsule, targeted for June 13 at Australia's remote Woomera Test Range in South Australia, JAXA will have concluded a remarkable mission of exploration -- one in which NASA scientists and engineers are playing a contributing role.

"Hayabusa will be the first space mission to have made physical contact with an asteroid and returned to Earth," said Tommy Thompson, NASA's Hayabusa project manager from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "The mission and its team have faced and overcome several challenges over the past seven years. This round-trip journey is a significant space achievement and one which NASA is proud to be part of."

Launched May 9, 2003, from the Kagoshima Space Center, Uchinoura, Japan, Hayabusa was designed as a flying testbed. Its mission: to research several new engineering technologies necessary for returning planetary samples to Earth for further study. With Hayabusa, JAXA scientists and engineers hoped to obtain detailed information on electrical propulsion and autonomous navigation, as well as an asteroid sampler and sample reentry capsule.

The 510-kilogram (950-pound) Hayabusa spacecraft rendezvoused with asteroid Itokawa in September 2005. Over the next two-and-a-half months, the spacecraft made up-close and personal scientific observations of the asteroid's shape, terrain, surface altitude distribution, mineral composition, gravity, and the way it reflected the sun's rays. On Nov. 25 of that year, Hayabusa briefly touched down on the surface of Itokawa. That was only the second time in history a spacecraft descended to the surface of an asteroid (NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous-Shoemaker spacecraft landed on asteroid Eros on Feb. 12, 2001). Hayabusa marked the first attempt to sample asteroid surface material.

The spacecraft departed Itokawa in January 2007. The road home for the technology demonstrator has been a long one, with several anomalies encountered along the way. But now the spacecraft is three days away from its home planet, and the Australian government, working closely with JAXA, has cleared the mission for landing. A team of Japanese and American navigators is guiding Hayabusa on the final leg of its journey. Together, they calculate the final trajectory correction maneuvers Hayabusa's ion propulsion system must perform for a successful homecoming.

"We have been collaborating with the JAXA navigators since the launch of the mission," said Shyam Bhaskaran, a member of JPL's Hayabusa navigation team. "We worked closely with them during the descents to the asteroid, and now are working together to guide the spacecraft back home."

To obtain the data they need, the navigation team frequently calls upon JAXA's tracking stations in Japan, as well as those of NASA's Deep Space Network, which has antennas at Goldstone, in California's Mojave Desert; near Madrid, Spain; and near Canberra, Australia. In addition, the stations provide mission planners with near-continuous communications with the spacecraft to keep them informed on spacecraft health.

"Our task is to help advise JAXA on how to best get a spacecraft traveling at 12.2 kilometers per second (27,290 miles per hour) to intersect a very specific target point 200 kilometers (120 miles) above the Earth," said Bhaskaran. "Once that is done, and the heat shield of the sample return capsule starts glowing from atmospheric friction, our job is done."

While atmospheric entry may be the end of the line for the team that has plotted the spacecraft's every move for the past 2 billion kilometers, NASA's involvement continues for the craft's final 200 kilometers (120 miles), to the surface of the Australian Outback. A joint Japanese-U.S. team operating on the ground and in the air will monitor this most critical event to help retrieve the capsule and heat shield.

"This is the second highest velocity re-entry of a capsule in history," said Peter Jenniskens, a SETI Institute scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif. "This extreme entry speed will result in high heating rates and thermal loads to the capsule's heat shield. Such manmade objects entering with interplanetary speed do not happen every day, and we hope to get a ringside seat to this one."

Jenniskens is leading an international team as it monitor the final plunge of Hayabusa to Earth using NASA's DC-8 airborne laboratory, which is managed and piloted by a crew from NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif. The DC-8 flies above most clouds, allowing an unfettered line of sight for its instrument suite measuring the shock-heated gas and capsule surface radiation emitted by the re-entry fireball.

The data acquired by the high-flying team will help evaluate how thermal protection systems behave during these super-speedy spacecraft re-entries. This, in turn, will help engineers understand what a sample return capsule returning from Mars would undergo. The Hayabusa sample return capsule re-entry observation will be similar to earlier observations by the DC-8 team of NASA's Stardust capsule return, and the re-entry of the European Space Agency's ATV-1 ("Jules Verne") automated transfer vehicle.

Soon after the sample return capsule touches down on the ground, Hayabusa team members will retrieve it and transport it to JAXA's sample curatorial facility in Sagamihara, Japan. There, Japanese astromaterials scientists, assisted by two scientists from NASA and one from Australia, will perform a preliminary cataloging and analysis of the capsule's contents.

"This preliminary analysis follows the basic protocols used for Apollo moon rocks, Genesis and Stardust samples," said Mike Zolensky, a scientist at NASA's Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate at the Johnson Space Center, Houston. "If this capsule contains samples from the asteroid, we expect it will take a year to determine the primary characteristics of the samples, and learn how to best handle them. Then the samples will be distributed to scientists worldwide for more detailed analysis."

"The Japanese and NASA engineers and scientists involved in Hayabusa's return from asteroid Itokawa are proud of their collaboration and their joint accomplishments," said Thompson. "Certainly, any samples retrieved from Itokawa will provide exciting new insights to understanding the early history of the solar system. This will be the icing on the cake, as this mission has already taught us so much. "

For more information about the Hayabusa mission, visit:
http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/missions/hayabusa/index.shtml
.

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Detailed Martian Scenes in New Images from Mars Orbiter

Northern hemisphere gullies on west-facing crater slope, Mars
This image shows the west-facing side of an impact crater in the mid-latitudes of Mars' northern hemisphere. › Full image and caption

Six hundred recent observations of the Mars landscape from an orbiting telescopic camera include scenes of sinuous gullies, geometrical ridges and steep cliffs.

Each of the 600 newly released observations from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter covers an area of several square miles on Mars and reveals details as small as desks.

The HiRISE images taken from April 5 to May 6, 2010, are now available on NASA's Planetary Data System and the camera team's website.

The camera is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which reached Mars in 2006. For more information about the mission, see http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/.

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Business in Mobile Day 7

Churches everywhere you look Monday June 7th. Meetings and phone calls re house today so didn't really get to do much sightseeing. But I'm fascinated with the number and architectural variety of the churches here so while I was running around I stopped and shot three of them. Not very many when you consider there is one on every corner. I estimate there is about one church for every inhabitant in

slow rolling today

Well this morning we woke up bright and early linetteour dormmate was headed off on her adventure further north through Nicaragua and anthony and me were headed west toward Mal Pais. Unfortunately we lost the key to our crackspot hostel tucans room. So we had to sneak our way out of the hostel...our plan to irritate the owner once she left we roll out...only down fall was that there is only