What is the basic formula of making & breaking current calculation?
Short Circuit in Sea Water?
i am having 220 kv over head line. now if the conductor of 220kv line falls in sea water and none of the protection operates (assume), than what will happen?? whether all the water in sea will get sock. all the boats and ships in sea water will get electrical shock??? say for atleast an instant???
This Guy has to be one of US.
This guy has to be one of us or at least should be.
Check out his Clock.
http://hackedgadgets.com/2010/06/23/multimeter-clock-styled-after-the-simpson-260-multimeter/
Size and Weight of Generator Transformer
How can we approximate the size of Generator Transformer and its weight based on its MVA ratings? Any Standard and reference?
Carbon Credits for Small Solar Systems
Dear All,
Please help me to find out:
How to Calculate Carbon Credits that one can accrue, by installing, say for example a solar water heater of 100 lit/day capacity and having solar collector area of 2 m^2. Inlet water temp~20^0 C and the range of out let temperature attained is
Bottle Feeding Screw
hello gents,
i am trying to model a bottle feeding screw for a machine (the plastic parts that takes the bottles in it's threads then creates a pitch between them equal to the pitch of the starwheel of the machine, like in a bottle filler for example).
I'm having a hard time creating
Laser Pointers
Laser pointers have to be class 2 laser
I've been told laser stage lighting can be class 3
Does anyone know if this is true and if so, why?
Transformer Core Construction Question
sir , i want to know why transformer core are constructed separated laminated sheets? why not as a single iron material? and how can i calculate core area with help of measuring tape/scale instead of using sqrt(power) formula. please tell me thanking you
Cleaning of Valves
Dear Team,
Iam new to process engineering. ours is instant coffe mfg plant and we use steam valves to handle hot coffee liquor. very often the valves get choked with coffe liquor. do we have any guidline for cleaning the valves ?.
The English & Irish, together again | Gene Expression
One of the peculiarities of the synthesis of 19th and early 20th historical linguistics and biological anthropology was the perception by many British thinkers that the English, as the scions of the Anglo-Saxons, were fundamentally a different race from the Celtic nations to their west, the Welsh and Irish, and the Scots to the north (yes, I know the Scottish nation emerged is a mix of Celtic and Anglo-Saxon elements which were preponderant at different times and periods). In other words English nationalists would characterize their own race as a branch of the German peoples. English was a Germanic language, and the linguistic chasm emphasized more starkly a distinction from the Celts who inhabited Britain prior to the arrival of the Germans, and gave the island its name before they were marginalized and pushed to the “Celtic fringe.”
The historical context of this does not need to be elaborated in detail. The Emerald Isle’s integration into the United Kingdom of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland was always a difficult affair. This was due in large part to religion (the lack of an effective Irish Reformation may have had other structural causes); the Irish were a Roman Catholic populace at a time when Roman Catholicism and loyalty to the monarchy were presumed to be contradictory. In 1800, before the potato famine and the English demographic explosion, Ireland accounted for one third of the population of the United Kingdom (I do not put much stock in the linguistic difference, as the Welsh speaking regions were firmly Protestant and so not perceived to be sources of equivalent dissension despite their cultural marginality). With the rise of taxonomic science what was a crisp social chasm was reconceptualized as a biological and evolutionary gap along the Great Chain of Being.
In the twentieth century the tide turned, today most scholars would assert that the shift from Celtic to Anglo-Saxon speech and culture in what became England was a matter of emulation, not genetic replacement. Personally I suspect that the pendulum has swung too far, but it does show how strongly influenced by fashion these sorts of preconceptions are.
Modern genetics can clear up the confusion to some extent. A new paper in The European Journal of Human Genetics surveys samples from Dublin, the south & southeast of England (the heart of Saxon Britain), Aberdeen, Portugal, Bulgaria and Sweden. Population structure and genome-wide patterns of variation in Ireland and Britain. I’ll just focus on the figures of interest in relation to the questions I aired above.
I’ve added some labels to figure 1, but it’s pretty obvious what it’s depicting. Each point is an individual. CEU = Mormons from Utah. This is mostly a British origin sample, but I assume its overlap with Swedes is indicative of the European immigration to Utah by early Mormon converts, some from Scandinavia.
And here is what economists would term a more stylized figure from the supplements:
These figures are showing what we know from other studies on European genetics; the largest component of variation seems north-south (at least until you start pushing into Russia where a simple European wide pattern starts to break down), and the second component is west-east. This is more evident in the frappe plots, where you see the individuals within the populations broken down by K ancestral groups.
Again, from the supplements:
The above figures require a little art in their interpretation. Remember that the PC charts are just representing the biggest components of independent variation within the data set. As for the frappe results, they don’t always represent real ancestral populations in a straightforward manner. Or at least we have no independent checks on what was going on ten thousand years ago in Europe. So below are the pairwise Fst values. Remember, these compare the proportion of between group genetic variation across the pairs. The print is small, so let me just tell you that the Fst value for England-Sweden is twice a large as England-Ireland. In other words the English of the south and east of England are closer to the Irish of Dublin than they are to the Swedes.
Ideally the Swedes would not be the reference population for the Germans of yore. Rather you’d want Frisians, Danes and Saxon Germans. From what I’ve seen in the other results on European genetics Swedes have been somewhat influenced by the Finns, who are genetically peculiar, so that might understate the German affinity of the English as some of the distance might be due to the Fennic component in the Swedish gene pool. But I’ve seen other studies which lead me to infer that the peoples of the Isles share more than not, and the English share more ancestors with the Irish and Scottish than they do with the Saxons over the sea.
H/T: Dienekes
Citation: Population structure and genome-wide patterns of variation in Ireland and Britain, doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.87
Casino Welfare! California recipients Go Wild! with Taxpayer Money
From Eric Dondero:
Seven years in office, and California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is just now uncovering a huge scam from the previous administration. In the late 1990s, Democrat Governor Gray Davis instituted a program that would allow welfare recipients to access "Fast Cash," out of ATMs. The ATMs included machines located at the States' numorous Indian-owned Casinos.
The money drawn from the accounts can be used for any purpose: Booze, Black Jack, Concert tickets, 24-hour Buffets, even tipping Cocktail waitresses. There is absolutely no accounting or oversight.
From the LA Times, June 24, "California welfare cards can be used in many casino ATMs":
The cards, provided by the Department of Social Services to help recipients feed and clothe their families, work in automated teller machines at 32 of 58 tribal casinos and 47 of 90 state-licensed poker rooms, the review found.
State officials said Wednesday they were working to determine how much money had been withdrawn from casino ATMs by people using the welfare debit cards.
Schwarzenegger reacts:
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who learned of the issue when asked to comment for this story, promised to take immediate action.
"We have instructed our vendors to prohibit these cards from being accepted at ATMs located in casinos and card rooms," Schwarzenegger spokesman Aaron McLear said Wednesday. "It is reprehensible that anyone would use taxpayer money for anything other than its intended purpose."
Fortunately, this strengthens his hand against Democrat lawmakers screaming about his proposed "drastic" budget cuts to welfare programs. Continuing:
Schwarzenegger had already threatened to eliminate the state welfare program in his May budget proposal, and that was before he and his Republican allies in the Legislature knew that the cash could be accessed by people strolling from poker games to blackjack tables.
"In a time when we have a $19-billion deficit, and we're taking a serious look at the future of many safety-net programs, it's appalling to think that welfare beneficiaries can use their cards in a casino," said Seth Unger, spokesman for the Assembly Republican Caucus.
Meanwhile, Republican for Governor Meg Whitman has made cutting waste, fraud and abuse in California's massive welfare budget a key campaign plank. Also from the LA Times, May 17:
Whitman insisted that the state budget could be brought under control by targeting "waste, fraud and abuse" -- as well as making cuts to social services.
The State currently suffers from a $19.1 Billion deficit.
Maximum Demand Calculation in Energy Meter
how is MD calculated with sliding window method?
Heavy Load on Low Power Supply
hi friends,
i have only the source with 5kw loading capacity on ac. but load is 10kw, is it possible to operate my load with this source. is any type of circuit or device designed to work on this condition. help me..................
Design of Steel Column
Is it required to design a steel column section with 0.75DL + 0.75WL(as permissible stress increased by 33%) or that combination is required only for support reaction to check base pressure and uplift criteria?
2 Speed Motor to VFD Wiring & Load of VFD
Dear All,
I have working of project which has 2 speed motor make siemens model No. 1LA2 226 - 0 & Name Plate rating as per below:
Delta - 67/90/125 0.82 Cos Phi 735 RPM
Star - 90/120/150 0.93 Cos Phi 1475 RPM
there are 9 lead termination in motor for hig
Earth-like Planets May Be Ready for Their Close-Up
From left to right: JPLers Felipe Santos Fregoso, Piotr Szwaykowski, Kurt Liewer and Stefan Martin with the nulling interferometer testbed at JPL, where the device is built and refined.
Many scientists speculate that our galaxy could be full of places like Pandora from the movie "Avatar" -- Earth-like worlds in solar systems besides our own.
That doesn't mean such worlds have been easy to find, however. Of the 400-plus planets so far discovered, none could support life as we know it on Earth.
"The problem with finding Earth-like planets," said Stefan Martin, an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., "is that their host stars can emit 10 million times more infrared light than the planet itself. And because planets like ours are small and orbit very close to their respective stars, it makes Earths almost impossible to see."
Together with A.J. Booth (formerly at JPL and now at Sigma Space Corp., Lanham, Md.), Martin may have developed a way to make this almost impossible feat a reality.
Their instrument design, called a "nulling interferometer," observes planets in infrared light, where they are easier to detect. It is designed to combine starlight captured by four different telescopes, arranging the light waves from the star in such a way that they cancel each other out. "We're able to make the star look dimmer -- basically turning it off," Martin said.
Nulling interferometry is not a new idea, but what sets the results from Martin and Booth apart is how effective it turned out to be. "Our null depth is 10 to 100 times better than previously achieved by other systems," Martin said. "This is the first time someone has cross-combined four telescopes, set up in pairs, and achieved such deep nulls. It's extreme starlight suppression."
That suppression could allow scientists to get a better look at exoplanets than ever before. "We're able to make the planet flash on and off so that we can detect it," Martin said. "And because this system makes the light from the star appear 100 million times fainter, we would be able to see the planet we're looking for quite clearly."
Pandora, up close and personal
Nulling interferometry isn't the only way scientists can find other Earths. NASA's Kepler mission, currently in orbit, is looking for Earth-like planets by watching the light of faraway stars dim slightly as their planets pass in front of them. Another method of observing exoplanets is coronagraphy, which uses a mask to block the optical light of a star, making its surrounding planets more easily visible. And the proposed SIM Lite mission would also be able to find nearby planets by observing the gravity-induced "wobbling" of their host stars.
However, Martin and Booth's nulling interferometer could eventually give astronomers the ability to get up close and personal with Earth-like worlds, analyzing their atmospheres for signs of habitability or even possibly life. "We expect to eventually be able to see hundreds of planets with this technique," Martin said.
The technology that they've developed could be used on a follow-up space mission to SIM Lite and Kepler. Martin is now planning to test the system in conditions that better mimic a real-life mission.
Once considered the stuff of science fiction, it may not be long before Earth-like planets, or, in the case of Pandora, Earth-like moons of giant planets, are found to exist other places besides the silver screen.
View my blog's last three great articles...
- NASA Goes to the World Cup
- Jumbo Jellyfish or Massive Star?
- Astronomers Discover Star-Studded Galaxy Tail
#2: Visit The Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream Plant
Snow, Photo by Hannah Barth
There’s a certain amount of harm we cause ourselves always being grown up and tampering our desires with reality.
At the urging of a couple books and online articles I’ve read in the past months, I finally started a Bucket List, or a list of things I want to do before I die. One of the reasons for starting this list was to re-energize; to remember that feeling of being a kid and wanting with abandon because it’s inspiring. There’s a certain amount of harm we cause ourselves always being grown up and tampering our desires with reality. That’s why most of us travel: to escape the everyday and feel like we’re checking off some of those things on our own Bucket Lists.
In writing out my wants I started listing things like “Gift wrap my own presents” and “Learn how to bake better” and my energy was suddenly doused by feelings of mediocrity. “Climb a mountain” and “Own a house abroad” were things that belong on a bucket list; things to be accomplished. But handicrafts and adult ed suddenly struck me as terribly mundane, and worse, even silly. What kind of a person would I be if I let my aspirations go the way of a Home Economics class and not out somewhere in the Wild Beyond?
Group of Youngsters, Photo by Hannah Barth
I’ve been living abroad for two years now, and fighting the desire to come home – to “settle” – in New England, is something I’ve been doing for a while and am only coming to terms with now. I’ve built my life upon being Hannah the Traveler and have given very little thought to who Hannah the Person is. But the truth is that I want to take a computer programming course and tend my own garden just as much as I want to safari in Africa and learn organic farming in the rain forest.
I think every person is equally formed by the experiences imparted on them as a child and by the experiences they chose themselves as an adult. My childhood took place in rural Maine. Its key players were a mother who loves her quaint little front porch and garden, a father who has no desire to venture past town lines, and an uncle who gave up the city life for a cabin without indoor plumbing in the woods.
…I have a real desire to check “Visit the Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream Plant” off my list.
These simplicities are as much a part of me as my decision as a teenager to study abroad in South America and my career move into a Turkish folk dance company in my twenties. Although I’m happy where I am now, living and working abroad, I have a real desire to check “Visit the Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream Plant” off my list.
© Gretchen for TravelBlogs, 2010. |
#2: Visit The Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream Plant |
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Post tags: Bucket Lists, cultural experiences, Ice Cream, Introspection, living abroad, Settling Down
China Update 7
I'm writing this on Thursday while I'm at work but i'm pretty sure it's Wednesday night for you guys in California. I'm sorry if i repeat what i have already written about my job but I would rather repeat myself than forget something.... The owner of the company does not speak Chinese but we still meet with him every morning or every other morning. We speak through his assistant who I believe i
The Summer Solstice
Day 15So it was that we left Denali with a little sadness knowing we wouldn't be back for sometime to come. Christabel announced that she would return to work with sled dogs and all would like to return when we bring the next batch of grandkids.We'd planned to drive to Fairbanks then on to the Arctic Circle for the stolstice on Monday. We went straight to the visitors center to check on the condit
A Writing assignment
So for the past week I have been giving my student a writing assignment on situations from their past. Most have written about a vacation playing computer games or sports and other innocent kid stuff. Every so often I get a smart ass which I love. One of my students wrote the following today and this is it word for wordwhen I was young child I watching porno then suddenly my parent came co