programing s7200 AI to mesured value

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Dears

I need to program S7200u plc ( 224XP) for analog input as below please one can send me the lest of instructions in sequence

1) input 4-20 Ma total 3 AI

2) get the average posative value of all three AI

2) where as 4Ma=0 A

3) and 20Ma= 1500A

4) display correct mesu

The Stress of a Busy Environment Helps Mice Beat Back Cancer | 80beats

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lab_miceA little stress can do a mouse good, a new cancer study suggests.

Matthew During wanted to see whether stressing out mice by messing with their environment would affect the rate of tumor growth. So, for a study that now appears in Cell, he and his team divided up their mice into two groups. Some mice lived quiet, peaceful lives in cages shared between five mouse roommates, while the other group lived in a stressful cluttered cacophony, where the cages held 18 to 20 animals plus numerous distractions and challenges like toys, mazes, and wheels.

Mice were then injected with tumor cells, which led to malignancies in all of the control animals within 15 days… The rate of tumor formation in animals living in the enriched environment was significantly delayed, and 15 percent had not developed tumors after nearly three weeks; when tumors were visible, they were 43 percent smaller than the lesions on control animals [Scientific American].

Because the “enriched environment” gave those mice so much more to do, an obvious conclusion would be that it’s the uptick in physical activity—not the effect of added stress—that kept tumors at bay. So During’s team tested the mice to see if just giving them more time on the running wheel, independent of the other factors, was enough to see the effect. It wasn’t.

Physical exertion alone also didn’t inspire the chemical changes that the team thinks could be responsible for the anti-cancer effects they saw.

The ‘enriched’ mice, the researchers found, had slightly raised levels of stress hormones, but the most striking physiological change was markedly reduced levels of the hormone leptin, known to regulate appetite. Blocking leptin abolished the effects of enrichment, suggesting that the hormone was key to the pathway that led to the anti-cancer effects [Nature].

The linchpin behind all this seems to be a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which increased in the enriched-environment mice. Further tests by the team suggested that the protein spurred the drop in leptin and boosted the immune system, which would be connected to the tumor reduction.

That’s fine for mice, but what about us?

Whereas most people live in fairly safe environments, with plenty of food and some degree of social interaction, “our data suggests that we shouldn’t just be avoiding stress, we should be living more socially and physically challenging lives,” During says [Scientific American].

Related Content:
80beats: Study: Lonely Rats More Apt To Get Deadly Cancer
80beats: In Mice, Breast Cancer “Vaccine” Trains the Body to Fight Cancerous Cells
80beats: Researchers Find the Genetic Fingerprint of Cancer, One Fingerprint at a Time
80beats: Scientists’ Mouse Fight Club Demonstrates Home Field Advantage

Image: Wikimedia Commons


Surface Preparation

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Have a nice day. Is there any specific methodology for surface preparation on low iron content glass surface for coating of Cadmium , Telluride ? Coating thickness is within 3 microns

What Really Killed The Mammoth?

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Has anybody thought that the end of the mammoths and other large mammals like the saber-toothed tiger looks a lot like the demise of the dinosaurs?  Mass extinction events are one of my personal interests, especially when they involve a celestial body or event.  We have a lot of evidence to support an impact event as a contributing factor to the end of the dinosaurs, but what about the large mammals about 12,000 years ago?

Smilodon, the Saber-Tooth Cat - Image by Wiki user Wallace63- on display at the American Natural History, New York - all rights reserved

Now, guess what:  You are not going to believe this, but scientists working in Antarctica have found a LARGE distribution of hexagonal nanodiamonds at the level about 12,000 years ago.  We only get hexagonal nanodiamonds in an impact event, they aren’t formed naturally on Earth.  They’re called “presolar grains”, and they’re probably formed in the supernova of red giants, like Betelgeuse.

No crater has been found to correspond with the findings in Antarctica, but the geological record shows a “black mat” (containing Iridium) at the level of about 12,000 years ago, so it looks like something happened.

Dodo Bird - remake of a 1626 painting by Roelant Savery - copyright expired

There have been many mass extinctions in Earth’s history.  Over 98% of all the species ever living have gone extinct.  We’re in the middle of an extinction event right now, the Holocene extinction (possibly having it’s origins 12,000 years ago).  From 1500 to 2009, we’ve documented the loss of 875 species.  Since extinctions often go unnoticed, some scientists think that we may have lost up to 2 million species.  The Species-area theory puts the loss at 140,000 species annually.  The UN Convention on Biological Diversity estimates that species are being lost faster than they are discovered… at the rate of three per hour.  Yes.  Three per hour, the worst extinction in millions of years.

Impact nanodiamond - STEM image - image by Wiki User "NIMSoffice" - all rights reserved

Now that I have your attention, the Younger Dryas event postulates that we had an air-burst comet over the North America Great Lakes Area ca 12,900 BP  (“BP” just means “before present”), much like the Tunguska Event.  A Paleo-Indian culture called the Clovis Culture was also lost during this event.  The Clovis Culture has long been blamed for the loss of the mammoth due to over-hunting; a good hypothesis, considering we of European descent almost wiped out the buffalo due to stupidity and greed… but look at Indigenous people in recorded history.  They don’t usually over-hunt like that… they have more respect for their environment.

Wooly Mammoth - by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins - copyright expired

Scientist are taking closer looks at past extinction events, and it looks like a celestial event may be a contributing factor in more of them than previously thought.  What’s exciting is the ice record in Antarctica.  It’s a frozen record of what the environment was like thousands of years ago, and as we get better at understanding the record, we learn more about the past.

What do you think about it?  I’d be very interested in hearing your considered opinion.

6 Ways Barstock Can Lose Straightness by Milo

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Knowing the correct way to handle barstock is one thing. What can you do to enforce proper handling. You can't have a barstock police force. How can you restore straightness? Straightness is measured as a ± deviation from straight. In short lengths, the deviation may well be within straightness

Collaboration, Distributors, & End Users

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Collaboration, like CR4 and other social networks are becoming hugely successful. Do you think such forums/blogs/networks would be beneficial to communicate amongst manufacturers, distributors, and end-users? Would it be used/useful? Do you know of any companies that have tried? Look forward to

Garage Alchemy Is Not for the Weak of Stomach | Visual Science

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The browser you are currently using does not support the Discover photo galleries. Supported browsers include recent versions of Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 7 or later), Google Chrome, and Apple Safari.

If you have any questions or feedback, please email webmaster@discovermagazine.com. Thank you for reading Discover, and we apologize for the inconvenience.

<p>A modern retort purchased from a chemical apparatus supplier in India. Retorts are no longer commonly used in the United States.</p><p> </p><p>Another retort from an Indian chemical apparatus supplier.</p><p> </p>

Lux Calcultion For Street Lighting

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how to calculate lux level for street lighting if my area is 6M wide and 1000M Lenght Wise and my pole height is 9M with Single arm with 250watts metal halide light and its luminous Flux 1900lm kindly help me out for its calculation with example

Would You Trust Your Life to a Vest Made With Bullet-Proof “Custard”? | Discoblog

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kevlarwebFacing enemy gunshots, which would you choose: the old stand-by Kevlar vest, or a new “liquid” suit? Ongoing research at BAE Systems suggests you might be wise to pick the latter. Recent tests, BAE researchers suggest, hint that a combination of liquid and Kevlar layers might stop bullets more quickly and keep them from going as deep.

BAE tested each material’s mettle by blasting them will ball bearings fired at over 600 miles per hour from a gas gun. The video, available on the BBC site, shows a side-by-side comparison of 31 layers of Kevlar and 10 layers of Kevlar combined with the liquid.

Apparently, the liquid has a secret recipe for how it sticks together to absorb the bullet’s force. Watching the video, it seems like non-Newtonian fluids are at work (everyday examples of non-Newtonians include ketchup and peanut-butter). Though a cornstarch and water mixture stiffens when you punch it, it’s hard to see cornstarch making strides on the battlefield.

Even if he can’t divulge the details, Stewart Penny, a business development manager at BAE, told the BBC that the material is seriously sticky.

“It’s very similar to custard in the sense that the molecules lock together when it’s struck.”

BAE also believes that the new liquid suit will be less cumbersome than traditional Kevlar suits–reducing soldiers’ fatigue and also, given that it’s liquid, improving their flexibility in the field.

Related content:
Discoblog: A Life-Saving Slime? Military Has Eyes On Bullet-Proof Gel
Discoblog: How to Make a Bulletproof T-Shirt
Discoblog: Are Bulletproof Turbans the Next Safety Gear for Sikh Policemen?
Discoblog: NCBI ROFL: Best materials and methods ever.

Image: flickr/ The Ratt


Sock Puppets and “Tom Johnson,” Part II | The Intersection

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Okay, so here is the second post. Preface: It seems a lot of people are confused (and rightly so) about whether "Tom Johnson" is or isn't who I thought he was after checking his identity. This may be in part because my alarmed and shocked post on Wednesday was less than perfectly clear. However, at the same time, there has been much leaping to conclusions about what happened here, and much assuming of the worst. Well, much--although not all--will be revealed....
* * * * * * "Tom Johnson." Back in October, "Tom Johnson" posted a personal story on this blog as a comment. And then I did something that, if I'd known one tenth of what I know now, I would not have done: I gave it some added attention. More specifically, I elevated the comment into an individual post and later thanked "Tom" for sharing it. I had no problem doing this at the time. It was just a blog post, and I had no reason to think there was anything fishy going on. And I did note that the story was "one individual’s experience and point of view, and nothing more." Granted, "Johnson" was on my side of the so-called New Atheist/accommodationist issue. However, after some questioned his ...