MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA--(Marketwire -03/26/12)- Prana Biotechnology (NASDAQ: PRAN - News) (ASX: PBT.AX - News) today announced the publication, in the journal PLoS ONE, of an article that strongly endorses PBT2's potential to treat Alzheimer's Disease. The paper, entitled "The Zinc Dyshomeostasis Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease"(1), presents an integrated explanation of the major pathological features of Alzheimer's Disease, based upon a combination of new experimental data and mathematical modeling.
The senior author on the paper is Professor Rudy Tanzi, the Joseph P. and Rose F. Kennedy Professor of Neurology at Harvard University and Prana's Chief Scientific Advisor.
Dr. Tanzi explained that "the hallmark pathological features of Alzheimer's Disease are the amyloid plaques, composed of the Abeta protein, and neurofibrilliary tangles (NFTs), composed of Tau protein. Everything we have learned from the genetics of Alzheimer's Disease indicates that the disease is caused by excessive accumulation of the Abeta protein in the brain. We also know that hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein which forms NFTs is the feature of the disease which correlates with neuronal damage and cognitive loss. Prana's drug PBT2 reduces levels of both Abeta and hyperphosphorylated tau in animal studies(4) and improved cognition and lowered Abeta in a Phase 2a clinical trial of Alzheimer's Disease patients(2),(3).
"So, Alzheimer's Disease can be defined as an amyloid-induced tauopathy. The big question is this -- how does amyloid aggregation lead to NFTs? In this paper we propose that at least part of the answer to that question is zinc dyshomeostasis, that is to say, abnormal distribution of zinc in the brains of Alzheimer's Disease sufferers. The drug PBT2 directly addresses this problem by binding zinc and normalising its distribution. This bodes very well for the current PBT2 clinical trial that is in progress," concluded Dr. Tanzi.
This paper builds on Prana's previously published findings that as we age our ability to maintain normal zinc distribution deteriorates. Abeta forms amyloid by capturing and holding zinc, which in turn further reduces our ability to maintain normal zinc distribution. "This is a vicious pathological cycle. PBT2 interrupts this cycle, re-distributing zinc needed for healthy brain function," commented Prana's Head of Research, Associate Professor Robert Cherny.
Supporting this, the Journal of Alzheimer's(5) Disease recently published data from an independent laboratory showing the ability of the brain to move zinc in and out of neurons deteriorates with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. These two papers are the latest of a number of high profile scientific articles that have been published on the role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases, supporting Prana's therapeutic strategy to treat these disorders.
Prana has recently commenced clinical trials for Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease, both using the drug PBT2.
Synopsis of PLoS ONE paper In the paper the authors propose that sequestration of zinc by Abeta-amyloid deposits (Abeta oligomers and plaques) not only drives Abeta aggregation, but also disrupts zinc homeostasis in zinc-enriched brain regions important for memory and vulnerable to Alzheimer's Disease pathology, resulting in intra-neuronal zinc levels, which are either too low, or excessively high. Moreover, they carry out modeling to suggest that this can lead microtubule instability and the abnormal tau pathology, including neurofibrillary tangles (NFT).
To evaluate this hypothesis, the authors:
1) used molecular modeling of zinc binding to the microtubule component protein tubulin, identifying specific, high-affinity zinc binding sites that influence side-to-side tubulin interaction, the sensitive link in microtubule polymerization and stability.
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PLoS ONE Journal Publishes Mechanistic Model of Alzheimer's Disease Endorsing Prana's PBT2
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