Energy Generation

frends,

can anyone please help me in designing the actual construction of a house which will have maximum cooling temperature capacity without using artificial air circulation.then usage of solar and wind energy (wind mill prototype can be made from series of pvc pipes)and on top of it

Social science isn’t “science”? | Gene Expression

Update: The title is way too strong as a reflection of my opinion. I’ve added a question mark.

A friend once observed that you can’t have engineering without science, making the whole concept of “social engineering” somewhat farcical. Jim Manzi has an article in City Journal which reviews the checkered history of scientific methods as applied to humanity, What Social Science Does—and Doesn’t—Know: Our scientific ignorance of the human condition remains profound.


The criticisms of a scientific program as applied to humanity are deep, and two pronged. As Manzi notes the “causal density” of human phenomena make teasing causation from correlation very difficult. Additionally, the large scale and humanistic nature of social phenomena make them ethically and practically impossible to apply methods of scientific experimentation. This is why social scientists look for “natural experiments,” or involve extrapolation from “WEIRD” subject pools. But as Manzi notes many of the correlations themselves are highly context sensitive and not amenable to replication.

He concludes:

It is tempting to argue that we are at the beginning of an experimental revolution in social science that will ultimately lead to unimaginable discoveries. But we should be skeptical of that argument. The experimental revolution is like a huge wave that has lost power as it has moved through topics of increasing complexity. Physics was entirely transformed. Therapeutic biology had higher causal density, but it could often rely on the assumption of uniform biological response to generalize findings reliably from randomized trials. The even higher causal densities in social sciences make generalization from even properly randomized experiments hazardous. It would likely require the reduction of social science to biology to accomplish a true revolution in our understanding of human society—and that remains, as yet, beyond the grasp of science.

At the moment, it is certain that we do not have anything remotely approaching a scientific understanding of human society. And the methods of experimental social science are not close to providing one within the foreseeable future. Science may someday allow us to predict human behavior comprehensively and reliably. Until then, we need to keep stumbling forward with trial-and-error learning as best we can.

If the Sun Has Spots, Should Venetians Get Their Gondolas Ready? | Discoblog

Aqua_alta_venise_07It tends to come in autumn. The Venetians call it acqua alta–the seemingly seasonal flooding of their historic city center. But a paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres suggests that Italians eager to predict the next flood shouldn’t study the Earth’s seasons, but should instead look at the sun.

A project led by David Barriopedro at the Universidade de Lisboa in Lisbon, Portugal analyzed hourly recordings of water levels in the city from 1948 to 2008. His team noted a correlation of these “high-surge events” and the eleven-year solar cycle: Periods of maximum solar activity, when sun spots usually appear, seemed to herald the acqua alta.

Historically, finding a causal link even between longer term climate changes and sunspots has proven difficult. As a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) site on sunspots says, a period of very low sunspot activity from the 1600s to the 1700s, dubbed the Maunder Minimum, corresponded to cold temperatures in Western Europe, a period known as the Little Ice Age. This could be a coincidence, the site says, given the complexity of the Earth’s climate.

The study of Venice’s floods also says that any link between these short-term weather events and the sun is “indirect.” The researchers note that the solar activity corresponds to changes in pressure systems over the Atlantic Ocean, and these pressure systems in turn correspond to how storms move over Europe. As New Scientist reports:

Records of air pressure over Europe over the same period revealed “acqua alta years” saw a lot of low-pressure systems over the north Adriatic Sea, while in quiet years these systems were further south. This makes sense, because flooding events in Venice are known to be triggered by low-pressure systems from the Atlantic.

Related content:
Discoblog: Earthquake-Rocked Italian City to Seismologists: “This Is Your Fault.”
Discoblog: Migraine Sufferers’ Redemption: The Weather Does Cause Headaches
Discoblog: It’s Raining Tadpoles? Fish, Frogs Shower Japanese Residents
Discoblog: Chile Quake Shifted Earth’s Axis, Shortened the Length of a Day

Image: Wikimedia / EVenise


Coronal Mass Ejection Heading Toward Earth (With Video)

Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 1 August 2010

"Region 1092 (N13E21) produced a long-duration C3/Sf flare at 01/0826Z. The flare was associated with a Type IV radio sweep, an 890 sfu Tenflare, and an Earth-directed full-halo coronal mass ejection (CME). A disappearing filament (DSF) occurred during 01/0750 - 0811Z, centered near N37W32 and time coincident with the C3 flare. The DSF was associated with an Earth-directed partial-halo CME."

SDO video

You Are Never Too Old To Stop Learning

Centenarians Participate in Challenger Learning Center Mission

"If you have ever seen a photo of someone participating in a simulated space mission at a Challenger Learning Center, odds are it is someone around 10 years old. Recently, however, a group of women, some of them ten times that age, pushed that participant envelope to new heights. One of the women is Gussie Levine. Gussie clearly remembers her 59th birthday. On that day humankind made its "giant leap" as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the Moon. This year, less than a week after celebrating her 100th birthday, Gussie followed in their footsteps and took a simulated journey to the Moon at the Town of Ramapo Challenger Center in Rockland County, NY."

United Arab Emirates Bans Surveillance-Unfriendly BlackBerries | 80beats

blackberriesThe United Arab Emirates announced this weekend that all BlackBerry mobile services will be banned beginning in October, forcing users of the smartphone to find other ways to surf the web and send email and text messages. The decision will not only affect the U.A.E.’s half-million BlackBerry users, but also international visitors–which could lead to business travelers going into abrupt “crackberry” withdrawal as soon as they hit the Dubai airport. The reason for the ban:

The Emirates have been in a long dispute with Research In Motion, the smartphone’s producer, over the BlackBerry’s highly encrypted data system, which offers security to users but makes it more difficult for governments to monitor communications. [The New York Times]

Saudi Arabia is likely to take similar measures, and Kuwait and Bahrain may also follow suit. The Middle Eastern nations have singled out BlackBerry because of its distinct system for transmitting messages. When a BlackBerry user hits “send” on an email, the data is encrypted and sent to a local cell phone tower. From there, it’s routed through RIM’s private global network of servers, which puts the data out of reach for government snoops. Other smartphones send data through the open Internet and can be monitored relatively easily.

“The U.A.E. has never been a place that offered much in the way of electronic privacy,” said Jim Krane, author of “City of Gold,” a history of Dubai. “The government makes no secret that it monitors electronic communication, including text messages, phone calls and e-mail. The revelation that secure BlackBerry data is frustratingly out of the government’s reach only confirms this.” [The New York Times]

This isn’t the first time the U.A.E. has taken aim at BlackBerry users, according to Research In Motion.

Last year, RIM criticized a directive by the UAE state-owned mobile operator Etisalat telling the company’s BlackBerry users to install software described as a service upgrade. Tests showed the download actually installed spy software on users’ phones that could allow authorities to access private information stored on the handsets. It strongly distanced itself from Etisalat’s decision and told users how to remove the software. [AP]

Related Content:
80beats: Pakistan Bans Facebook & YouTube in “Draw Mohammad Day” Crackdown
80beats: Iran Blocks Gmail; Will Offer Surveillance-Friendly National Email Instead
80beats: Report: Chinese Hackers Stole Indian Missile Secrets & the Dalai Lama’s Email
80beats: Google Defies China’s Censorship Rules; China Quickly Strikes Back

Image: flickr / Honou


Wayne Hale’s New Job

N. Wayne Hale, Jr. Joins Special Aerospace Services

"Special Aerospace Services (SAS) of Boulder, Colorado, is pleased to announce that N. Wayne Hale, Jr. has joined SAS as Director of Human Spaceflight Programs. Mr. Hale brings comprehensive experience in the field of human spaceflight following a career of more than 30 years with NASA. As one of his many instrumental assignments at NASA, Mr. Hale served as Program Manager for NASA's Space Shuttle Program during the critical period following the Columbia accident, where his leadership significantly contributed to the return of the space shuttle to flight operations. Prior to that, Mr. Hale served as a Space Shuttle Flight Director for 40 missions during 15 years. Most recently Mr. Hale served as NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator for Strategic Partnerships in Space Operations."

Looking for IP Camera

I would like to find an IP camera that will connect to my website. I would like to have multiple cameras in a variable number of locations to connect to my site so that I can view them.

Promoting Plug-Ins: $4-Million Per Car

It'd be nice if, when we all agreed there was a problem that we could also all agree on what to do about it. Like oil. We don't know anyone who says that using a lot of Middle Eastern oil is good. But we don't really know any two people who agree on a solution, either.

As a result, the

Flow Meter for Viscous Emulsion

Hello Friends,

I am looking for a flow meter for an emulsion metering.

The desired specs are:

Liquid type: Neat polymer emulsion.

Viscosity:- 500-1500cps

Sp. Gravity:-0.948

Density:- 1.04 to 1.07 g/ml

Flow Measurement Range:- 0.5LPH