Infographic: The anatomy of an Anonymous attack

Steve Evans Published 28 February 2012

Just how does the hacker group select a target, recruit members and launch an attack?

Security firm Imperva has released a detailed report into the anatomy of an Anonymous attack, revealing exactly what happens when the hacktivism group decides to take aim at a particular target.

The victim in this case has not been revealed by the company, but The New York Times says it was the Vatican. The August 2011 attack did not receive a huge amount of attention at the time but was thought to have been timed to coincide with Pope Benedict XVI's visit to Madrid. The New York Times suggests the Vatican was targeted over reports of sexual abuse of children by priests.

Imperva started to follow alleged Anonymous members as they used Twitter, Facebook and YouTube to drum up support for the attack. This represented the first phase of the attack: recruitment and communication.

According to Imperva the attack then moved to its second phase: reconnaissance and application layer attacks. This is the only time during the process when a sophisticated line of attack was used. Highly-skilled people were used to find vulnerabilities in the targets defences and to launch SQL injection to attempt to steal data from the targets.

In this particular case, that line failed, so Anonymous fell back to its most famous form of attack - a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, where 'laypeople' (meaning those without really sophisticated hacking techniques) were used to flood the site with traffic in an attempt to bring it down.

The entire process, from the first recruitment stages to when the attacks finished, lasted 25 days.

So what do the attacks tell us? There is not a huge amount of new information there; Anonymous' recruitment methods and attack vectors have been known (or at least guessed at by security experts) for a while, but it is still fascinating to see how an attack unfolds.

The below infographic shows how it all develops:

The full report can be downloaded here.

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Infographic: The anatomy of an Anonymous attack

Anatomy of a Successful Grant Application

By David Walker

© Andrew Lichtenstein

Lichtenstein impressed jurors with his fresh look at U.S. history. Above: Women at the bus stop where Rosa Parks began her famous 1955 ride.

This past November, New York City-based photographer Andrew Lichtenstein won the 2012 Aftermath Project Grant for his project called “American Memory.” It is a series of landscape photographs of sites around the U.S. where historic struggles for civil rights, labor rights and Native American rights took place decades ago, so obvious signs of those struggles have long faded.

The $20,000 Aftermath Project Grant is intended to support photo projects about the after effects of war. Most of the six grants awarded previously were for projects exploring the open, visible wounds of recent conflicts and ethnic strife outside the U.S.

Lichtenstein thought his entry would be a long shot, so he contacted Aftermath Project founder Sara Terry to ask if it was too much of a stretch. She encouraged him to apply. Lichtenstein also notes, “The big problem with this story is trying to capture what doesn’t exist there anymore. It’s hard to photograph the absence of [an event].”

Terry, who was one of the three jurors, says awarding the grant to Lichtenstein was “an exhilarating way to expand the conversation about the aftermath [of conflict]. That’s something I’ve wanted to do for a long time.” The grant isn’t just for documentary projects, she explains. “From the beginning I’ve encouraged conceptual and fine-art photographers to apply.”

Terry says jurors first screened applications for the quality of the images. That winnowed 183 applications down to about 30, she says. From there, judges started to consider the merits of the written proposals.

“Andrew’s proposal wasn’t a great big statement. It was simply stated: If we don’t address our wounds, the scars don’t heal. And then he listed places he was looking [to photograph],” Terry says.

Lichtenstein told PDN that the historic sites he’s been photographing “are of particular interest to me because of my view of the struggle for justice and equality in this country. I’m not saying America is an awful place built on genocide. I’m trying to say it’s a country like any other, which is actually a radical idea if you look at what some people want to pass off as American history. There’s this idea that this nation is [exceptional] and great for its ability to foster freedom and equality. I want to stop and say, ‘Which history are you looking at?’”

He says he explained that idea in clear, direct terms on the application. “I do not know ‘grant speak’; I don’t write it, I don’t want to write it, I don’t understand it. People should just say what they mean, rather than hide it in terms of elite conversation,” he asserts. “I want it to be as accessible and honest as possible a description of what I believe the work to be about.”

Lichtenstein says that because he started the project two years ago, it was easier to write about it with clarity. “So I knew what the issues were about. It’s still a healthy process to put it on paper, and explain it to other people,” he says.

“What brought his application to the top was the degree of imagination,” says juror (and VII Photo agency director) Stephen Mayes. “His concept is new—it’s a very fresh look at American history. He’s filtering that through current social and political situations.”

Mayes continues, “The presentation was clearly written with an introduction that said he was looking for places where past and present intersect, followed by succinct bullet points saying exactly what he was talking about, and then pictures to show it.” Because the locations he photographs show no obvious signs of their historical significance, Lichtenstein’s images depend upon captions for context. But the jurors had no problem with that. “I subscribe to the idea that all pictures need some context. If that comes in form of words, that’s fine,” Mayes says.

“There were other proposals that were much more philosophical, that were compelling,” Mayes notes. “But even if the proposal is theoretical and philosophical, it still has to be clear about what the applicant intends to do and how.”

The one image that crystallized Lichtenstein’s proposal for the jurors shows three Southern women in antebellum costumes, sitting on a bench at the bus stop where Rosa Parks began her famous bus ride in 1955, launching the civil rights movement. “That image is amazing. It said so much, and got our attention right away,” says Terry.

Juror Anne Wilkes Tucker, who is photography curator of The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, observes: “Lots of people have tried to find pictures that make you understand the complications of [chosen] locations. The picture of the three women on the bench does that. I’m presuming he didn’t stage it. It’s pretty perfect.”

That Lichtenstein already had strong images for his proposed project gave him an advantage over those who applied on the strength of images from past projects. Even if those images were very good, Tucker notes, “We [jurors] just don’t know that they can translate what they’re proposing to do into pictures.”

Tucker says finalists for the grant weren’t necessarily skilled writers, “But the ideas were there [in the application]. They knew what they were going to do, how it was going to relate to the theme proposed, what was possible to do and [their idea] was focused enough ... You have to know what’s a manageable project” and convey that in the application—with words and pictures.

Mayes says some proposals were eliminated “because they lacked that clarity. [We’re awarding] a chunk of money—we need to know it is going to be spent with real effect.”

The four other finalists for the grant were Christopher Capozziello, with a project about the Ku Klux Klan; Michelle Frankfurter, with a project about emigration to the U.S. in the aftermath of the Central American civil wars of the 1980s; Simon Thorpe, with a conceptual project about Sahrawi soldiers who fought for their land in the Western Sahara; and Michael Zumstein, with a project about national reconciliation in Ivory Coast after the 2010 elections there.

Lichtenstein says he’s applied for only a few grants out of necessity; editorial assignment work is no longer reliable enough as a source of income. Applying for grants, he says, “is a tremendous amount of work, and there’s no kill fee. If you don’t get it, that’s two weeks gone. The plus side is that it really helps you think about the issues of your project and put together an edit, and articulate what you’re saying in your photos.”

His advice to others applying for grants: “Look at the grant carefully to see if your work is appropriate for it,” he says. “The second thing is, there’s nothing you can say or do to make up for not having the pictures. It’s fundamentally about the work.”

Related Articles:

Picture Story: Untangling the Afghanistan Tragedy
Bringing Documentary Photography To a Grassroots Audience
How to Pitch a Crowd for Project Funding
 

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Anatomy of a Successful Grant Application

Anatomy of a Murder, Jack and Jill among new home entertainment titles

ANATOMY OF A MURDER (1959). A Molotov cocktail of a movie when it first appeared in 1959, Anatomy of a Murder was so controversial that audiences were taken aback by both its frank language and unexpected ambiguities, and Mayor Richard Daley even went so far as to prohibit it from playing in Chicago. The picture ended up not needing the Windy City: It proved to be a box office smash across the rest of the country, as moviegoers lined up to hear A-list actors utter such previously taboo screen words as "rape," "slut," "bitch," "intercourse," "panties" and (love this one) "spermatogenesis." Director-producer Otto Preminger, no stranger to ruffling moral-watchdog feathers, never succumbs to the sleaziness inherent in the material, instead turning out a highly intelligent and tightly controlled drama that still ranks as one of the all-time great courtroom procedurals. An excellent James Stewart stars as "humble country lawyer" Paul Biegler, who agrees to defend an army officer (Ben Gazzara) accused of murdering the bar owner he claims raped his wife (Lee Remick). At his side is his alcoholic friend and fellow lawyer (Arthur O'Connell), while helping out the prosecution is the slick assistant state attorney general (George C. Scott, making his mark in only his second year in films). And refereeing is the quick-witted — and often exasperated — Judge Weaver; in a casting stunt that works, he's played by Joseph N. Welch, the army lawyer who shot to national fame for his takedown of the despicable Senator Joseph McCarthy ("Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?"). Although the film failed to win any Oscars, it did manage to land seven nominations, including Best Picture, Actor (Stewart) and Supporting Actor (both O'Connell and Scott).

DVD extras include newsreel footage from the set; a new interview with Otto Preminger biographer Foster Hirsch; a new interview with critic Gary Giddins about Duke Ellington's score for the film; a look at the relationship between Preminger and the legendary graphic designer Saul Bass with Bass biographer Pat Kirkham; and excerpts of a 1967 episode of Firing Line, featuring a discussion between Preminger and William F. Buckley Jr.

Movie: ****

JACK AND JILL (2011). In the cesspool of cinema known as the Adam Sandler Oeuvre. Jack and Jill certainly ranks near the very bottom; it's stupid and infantile, of course, but it's also lazy and contemptuous, a clear sign that Sandler and director Dennis Dugan (his seventh Sandler film; stop him before he kills again!) aren't even trying anymore, safe in the knowledge that audiences will emulate Divine in John Waters' Pink Flamingos and chow down on whatever dog doo is presented to him. Here, the stench is particularly potent, as this story about an obnoxious ad man (Sandler) and his whiny, overbearing sister (Sandler in drag) is a nonstop parade of scatological bits, prominent product placements, faux-hip cameos (Johnny Depp, welcome to the halls of whoredom), wink-wink chauvinism, racism and xenophobia, icky incest gags, annoying voices (not just Sandler as Jill but also the made-up language spoken by the siblings), and the usual small roles for Sandler's beer buddies (including, groan, David Spade in drag). Al Pacino co-stars as himself, inexplicably smitten with Jill; he provides the film's only two or three chuckles (especially a line about the Oscars), but even long before the sequence in which he raps about doughnuts, it's clear that he's become an ever bigger sellout than Robert De Niro. Now that's saying something.

Blu-ray extras include deleted scenes; a blooper reel; a piece on the cameos spotted throughout the film; and a featurette on Sandler's man-to-woman transformation.

Movie: *

THE RUM DIARY (2011). Johnny Depp has long worshipped at the altar of Hunter S. Thompson, so perhaps it's this idolatry that prevents him from acknowledging that The Rum Diary, an adaptation of a 1959 Thompson novel that wasn't even discovered until 1998 (reportedly by Depp himself), is a crushing mediocrity. As he did in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, the actor again plays a fictionalized version of the influential journalist — here, he's pre-gonzo Paul Kemp, a mild-mannered writer whose stint at a struggling American newspaper in Puerto Rico allows him to eventually discover his fire, his passion, and his desire to stick it to the "bastards." Unfortunately, fire and passion are just two of the elements missing from this arid, disjointed effort, which isn't presented as a shaggy-dog story so much as a flea-bitten one. Kemp's interactions with a cheery capitalist (Aaron Eckhart) and his beauteous fiancee (Amber Heard) are rarely believable, while Giovanni Ribisi delivers one of his typically twitchy — and typically awful — turns as one of Kemp's confidantes. Ribisi's histrionics aside, The Rum Diary is unbearably sedate — a Prozac picture when a touch of reefer madness would have helped.

Blu-ray extras include a behind-the-scenes piece and the featurette The Rum Diary Back-Story.

Movie: *1/2

TAKE SHELTER (2011). Winner of two awards at last year's Cannes Film Festival yet shut out of the Oscar race, Take Shelter takes place in a spacious, wide-open Midwestern region but feels constrictive and claustrophobic at every turn. That's the intent of writer-director Jeff Nichols, who largely leaves it up to viewers to decide whether his film is a metaphor for the feelings of paranoia, persecution and dread that grip this nation in modern times or merely a story about a man who might be mentally unbalanced. Curtis (an excellent Michael Shannon), a blue-collar worker blessed with a loving wife (Jessica Chastain) and daughter (Tova Stewart), starts having dreadful dreams in which he's attacked by those closest to him (his spouse, his best friend, his dog) in the middle of a nasty storm. These nocturnal nightmares are soon joined by daytime hallucinations, and Curtis has to decide whether he's turning into a paranoid schizophrenic like his institutionalized mother (Kathy Baker) or whether he's having premonitions involving the end of the world. No one knows for sure — least of all the viewers — and while the story is such that Nichols could have ended it in a haze of ambiguity, he boldly elects to commit to a particular outcome. I of course won't reveal any particulars, so let's just say that Rod Serling would have been proud.

Blu-ray extras include audio commentary by Nichols and Shannon; a behind-the-scenes featurette; deleted scenes; and a Q&A session with Shannon and co-star Shea Wigham.

Movie: ***

UNFORGIVEN (1992). The great Orson Welles once stated that Clint Eastwood was the most underrated filmmaker in America, and the sobering footnote is that the Citizen Kane auteur passed away in 1985, well before Eastwood began to be taken seriously as an artist by most critics and moviegoers. Even though he had directed 15 pictures over a two-decade span (including such attention-getters as The Outlaw Josey Wales and White Hunter Black Heart), it wasn't until he helmed Unforgiven that he moved into the front ranks of modern cinema's finest practitioners. Working from a powerhouse screenplay by David Webb Peoples (Blade Runner) that originally bore the unfortunate title The Cut-Whore Killings, the actor-director-producer crafted a superb motion picture that served as a fitting final chapter in his impressive Western canon. Eastwood stars as William Munny, a reformed outlaw and grieving widower who agrees to take a shot at the reward money being offered for killing two ruffian
s who facially disfigured a prostitute in the town of Big Whiskey. Munny embarks on the mission alongside his former partner Ned Logan (Morgan Freeman) and the upstart Schofield Kid (Jaimz Woolvett), and he eventually finds himself heading toward a brutal confrontation with Big Whiskey's sadistic sheriff, Little Bill Daggett (Gene Hackman). This unflinching drama definitively strips the West of its idealized romanticism and presents it as a savage hellhole in which there are no clear-cut heroes or villains, only morally ambiguous survivalists. Nominated for nine Academy Awards (including bids for Eastwood's performance, Peoples' original script and Jack N. Green's alternately gorgeous and gritty cinematography), this earned four: Best Picture, Director, Supporting Actor (Hackman) and Film Editing.

Blu-ray extras include audio commentary by film critic and Eastwood biographer Richard Schickel; a quartet of behind-the-scenes pieces; and a 1959 episode of the James Garner TV series Maverick, featuring Eastwood in a guest appearance as a rowdy cowboy.

Movie: ****

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Anatomy of a Murder, Jack and Jill among new home entertainment titles

'Anatomy of an Anonymous Attack' laid bare by Imperva

Security firm Imperva has published a detailed analysis of an attack by Anonymous on one of its customers, providing new insight into how the hacktivist group operates, and highlighting the need for better application layer security.

According to The New York Times, the target in question was the Vatican, although Imperva has declined to confirm the identity of the organisation.

The attack, which did not adversely affect the site or compromise any user data, consisted of three distinct phases:

Related Articles on Techworld The first, described as “recruitment and communication” involved drumming up support using social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, to suggest and justify an attack. The second, dubbed “reconnaissance and application layer attacks,” involved a small number of professional hackers, using common vulnerability assessment tools to probe for security holes and launch application attacks, like SQL injection, to attempt to steal data from the targets. When these data breach attempts failed, the skilled hackers elicited help from so-called “laypeople” to carry out a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack.

According to Amichai Shulman, co-founder and CTO of Imperva, the attack by Anonymous mimics the approach used by for-profit hackers. The group of 10 to 15 professional hackers used off-the-shelf tools such as Havij, Acunetix and Nikto to check for vulnerabilities and attempt SQL injection attacks.

Shulman said it was clear that these were professional hackers, as they had knowledge of the hacking tools and also took care to disguise their identities using anonymity services.

When the hackers failed to find any vulnerabilities, the DDoS attack was carried out using a custom-built tool that allows users to attack sites with mobile browsers. Unlike more traditional network layer DDoS attacks, this targeted the application layer, with the aim of eating up server resources.

Anonymous created a web page containing a Javascript that iterates endlessly, as long as the page is open in the browser. This type of attack is commonly referred to as Mobile LOIC (low orbit ion cannon). All it took for a layperson to participate in the attack was for them to browse to the specific web page and leave it open.

Shulman said that if an organisation’s threat landscape includes Anonymous, then it should install application layer security as well as DDoS protection, because that had been the hackers' first choice. However, the real motivation for implementing this kind of security should be financial protection.

“If you look at what Anonymous has done in the past couple of years, it has been more of a nuisance than anything else,” he said. “However, Anonymous are using the same tools that financially-motivated criminal hackers are using, and this is what organisations should be worried about.”

Imperva constantly monitors some 40 customer applications, and Shulman claims that an application attack is launched once every two or three minutes. “This is a far greater threat than Anonymous hacking a website to make a political point,” he said.

Shulman added that, while most of Anonymous's attacks have targeted fairly small organisations using LOIC or Mobile LOIC attacks, occasionally the group launches a massive attack against an internet giant like American Express or the FBI.

“In Operation Payback they were using botnets,” said Shulman. “This kind of operation cannot be volunteer-based. It requires a very different tools. It requires horsepower, funding and planning. So who is behind it? And why are they taking the trouble to do it? That is still a mystery.”

He said that financial hackers are also increasingly launching SQL injection attacks using botnets, which is a much larger scale of problem, because it allows attackers to scale up much faster.

Imperva compiled the “Anatomy of an Anonymous Attack” report based on data from its Application Defense Center (ADC). A copy of the report can be downloaded here.

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'Anatomy of an Anonymous Attack' laid bare by Imperva

Bad breath used as stem cell tool

27 February 2012 Last updated at 00:06 ET

Hydrogen sulphide, the gas famed for generating the stench in stink bombs, flatulence and bad breath, has been harnessed by stem cell researchers in Japan.

Their study, in the Journal of Breath Research, investigated using it to help convert stem cells from human teeth into liver cells.

The scientists claimed the gas increased the purity of the stem cells.

Small amounts of hydrogen sulphide are made by the body.

It is also produced by bacteria and is toxic in large quantities.

Therapy

A group in China has already reported using the gas to enhance the survival of mesenchymal stem cells taken from the bone marrow of rats.

Researchers at the Nippon Dental University were investigating stem cells from dental pulp - the bit in the middle of the tooth.

They said using the gas increased the proportion of stem cells which were converted to liver cells when used alongside other chemicals. The idea is that liver cells produced from stem cells could be used to repair the organ if it was damaged.

Dr Ken Yaegaki, from Nippon Dental University in Japan, said: "High purity means there are less 'wrong cells' that are being differentiated to other tissues, or remaining as stem cells."

One of the concerns with dental pulp as a source of stem cells is the number that can be harvested.

However, the study did not say how many cells were actually produced.

Prof Chris Mason, a specialist in regenerative medicine at University College London, said: "It would be interesting to see how hydrogen sulphide works with other cells types."

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Bad breath used as stem cell tool

Free nutrition presentations offered for seniors

by Maria Polletta - Feb. 26, 2012 10:05 PM
The Republic | azcentral.com

SCAN Health Plan Arizona, a special-needs plan for Maricopa County residents that operates under a Medicare Advantage contract, will offer free nutrition-related presentations and cooking demonstrations for seniors as part of National Nutrition Month in March. The classes, listed below, are tailored to the needs of older adults.

All presentations will take place at the SCAN Connections Resource Center, 1313 E. Osborn Road in Phoenix. Space is limited. RSVP at 602-778-3420.

"SOLUTIONS FOR LIFE: NUTRITION AND LONGEVITY"

Information on a weight-reduction and longevity program. March 14 from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.

"HEALTHY NUTRITION ON A BUDGET"

Information on nutritional guidelines for seniors, nutritious and low-cost sample meals and snacks, and community resources. March 14 from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.

"HEALTHY NUTRITION FOR SENIORS"

A look at the role of nutrition, portion distortion and nutritional guidelines for seniors in maintaining a healthy weight. March 21 from 9:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.

"GET YOUR PLATE IN SHAPE"

Demonstrations on portion control and healthy cooking. March 21 from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.

"WELLNESS WAY OF LIVING"

This session will mark the start of an eight-month series of hourlong workshops focused on healthy living. March 28 from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.

Source: SCAN Health Plan Arizona

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Free nutrition presentations offered for seniors

Healthyroads Offers Six Tips for Eating Healthier During National Nutrition Month in March

SAN DIEGO, Feb. 27, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Feeling crunched for time to enjoy a healthy meal? Being "on the go" can make it difficult to eat a nutritious meal, but good nutrition is essential for keeping your body performing at its peak potential. Your nutrition affects every part of your body, from your bones and muscles to your skin, hair and eyes. During National Nutrition Month, total population health management company Healthyroads, a subsidiary of American Specialty Health Incorporated, urges Americans to increase their awareness about the benefits of good nutrition and enjoy more nutritious foods.

"A well-balanced diet is a cornerstone of good health," said Elizabeth Thompson, MPH, RD, a registered dietitian and vice president of Healthyroads Coaching(R) programs. "Fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, lean proteins and low-fat dairy products provide the nutrients we need to maintain healthy, active lifestyles."

"A good way to start eating healthier is to substitute more nutritious foods for less healthy items," Thompson added.

Healthyroads offers the following six tips to help consumers choose more nutritious foods:

1.

Choose Heart-Healthy Grains

Replace refined white grains with nutrient-dense whole grains, such as:

Whole grain cereals, like granola Whole wheat pasta Brown rice Multi-grain breads.

2.

Eat more Fresh Fruits and Veggies

Most adults should have the equivalent of 2 1/2 cups of vegetables and 2 cups of fruit each day. Dark green, leafy veggies like kale and broccoli provide a lot of nutrients and are easy to steam or saute. Fresh fruits like apples, berries and bananas are packed with vitamins and make great snacks and desserts.

3.

Power up with Protein

Protein is a key building block of muscles, tissue, bone, blood and other organs. But some proteins, like red meat, also contain a lot of solid fats, so choose your proteins carefully.

Go with lean proteins, like seafood or ground turkey when choosing to eat meats. Avoid bacon, sausage, marbled red meats and other fatty proteins Snack on protein-rich nuts like walnuts, pistachios and almonds.

4.

Trim the Fat

It may be easy to grab a quick cheeseburger when you're on the go, but it's not quick or easy for your body to digest. Reduce the fats you consume by:

Choosing a veggie burger or salad instead of meat burgers Substituting low-fat or non-fat milk and yogurts for regular dairy products Grilling, baking or steaming your foods instead of frying or using heavy oils.

5.

Ditch the Sugars

Foods that are high in sugar are also often high in calories that can lead to weigh gain. Research shows that being overweight or obese increases the risks for diabetes. Reduce sugar intake by:

Tossing out the sodas and substituting sparking water Trying sugar-free desserts (sugar-free pudding or yogurt, or fruit salad, for example) Substituting protein snacks, like almonds, for sweet desserts.

6.

Make it Fresh

Cook meals at home from fresh, whole foods, instead of eating out or eating prepackaged meals. That way you can better manage the levels of salt, sugar and other hidden additives that are so prevalent in restaurant or processed foods.

Eating nutritious foods is an easy way to improve you overall health. Jump start your new healthy eating habits during National Nutrition Month in March, and you'll reap the benefits for a lifetime.

About Healthyroads, Inc.

Healthyroads, Inc., a subsidiary of national health services company American Specialty Health Incorporated (ASH), offers a wide range of total population health services solutions--including award-winning telephone-based lifestyle and condition coaching programs, member engagement promotion programs, program management, health risk assessment, biometric screenings, claims analytics, risk stratification, outreach, incentive management programs, competitive challenges, worksite wellness programs, and/or an integrated online wellness portal, Healthyroads.com. Healthyroads offers these programs to more than 6.1 million members nationally.

ASH provides total population health services, specialty provider benefit administration, and fitness and exercise services to health plans, insurance carriers, employer groups, and trust funds. Based in San Diego, ASH has more than 800 employees and serves over 25.9 million members.

For more information about ASH health and wellness programs, visit ASHCompanies.com or call (800) 848-3555. Follow us on Twitter at http://www.Twitter.com/ASHCompanies or http://www.Twitter.com/Healthyroads, and like Healthyroads on Facebook at http://www.Facebook.com/Healthyroads!

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Healthyroads Offers Six Tips for Eating Healthier During National Nutrition Month in March

DNA evidence found on Wanda Beach victim

New DNA evidence discovered on one of the Wanda Beach murder victims is at least five years away from being useful, police say.

A weak DNA profile of an unknown male has recently been identified from a pair of jeans worn by one of the victims, the Acting Assistant Commissioner of the forensic services group, Mark Sweeney, told reporters in Sydney on Monday.

But new technology needs to be developed before a conclusive match can be made, he said.

Marianne Schmidt and Christine Sharrock, both aged 15, were found beaten and stabbed to death at the beach in January 1965.

'We've been very fortunate that in recent years we've had huge advances in technology, but at this stage we can't do much with that profile,' Mr Sweeney said.

'The sample itself is not going to take the matter any further forward in 2012.

'It will take a significant breakthrough (in technology) ... which I believe will occur, that will allow us then to revisit the sample.'

Mr Sweeney estimated the new technology was 'five years plus' away from being developed.

'There is no expectation at this point in time that we have an imminent break but clearly this is an exciting time for law enforcement, (an) exciting time for forensic science,' he said.

The case was 'wedded to the psyche of everyone', including NSW police, he said.

'There have always been a number of suspects linked to the investigation.

'It is important to give confidence to the family members, give confidence to the community generally, that NSW police continues to look at unsolved crime, in particular unsolved homicides.'

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DNA evidence found on Wanda Beach victim

Posted in DNA

DNA evidence found on beach victim

New DNA evidence discovered on one of the Wanda Beach murder victims is at least five years away from being useful, police say.

A weak DNA profile of an unknown male has recently been identified from a pair of jeans worn by one of the victims, the Acting Assistant Commissioner of the forensic services group, Mark Sweeney, told reporters in Sydney on Monday.

But new technology needs to be developed before a conclusive match can be made, he said.

Marianne Schmidt and Christine Sharrock, both aged 15, were found beaten and stabbed to death at the beach in January 1965.

'We've been very fortunate that in recent years we've had huge advances in technology, but at this stage we can't do much with that profile,' Mr Sweeney said.

'The sample itself is not going to take the matter any further forward in 2012.

'It will take a significant breakthrough (in technology) ... which I believe will occur, that will allow us then to revisit the sample.'

Mr Sweeney estimated the new technology was 'five years plus' away from being developed.

'There is no expectation at this point in time that we have an imminent break but clearly this is an exciting time for law enforcement, (an) exciting time for forensic science,' he said.

The case was 'wedded to the psyche of everyone', including NSW police, he said.

'There have always been a number of suspects linked to the investigation.

'It is important to give confidence to the family members, give confidence to the community generally, that NSW police continues to look at unsolved crime, in particular unsolved homicides.'

Excerpt from:
DNA evidence found on beach victim

Posted in DNA

Inventing life: patent law and synthetic biology

By Alison McLennan & Matthew Rimmer

The field of synthetic biology poses a number of challenges for patent law.

With promises of improved medical treatments, greener energy and even artificial life, the field of synthetic biology has captured the public imagination and attracted significant government and commercial investment.

This excitement reached a crescendo on 21 May 2010, when scientists at the J Craig Venter Institute in the United States announced that they had made a “self-replicating synthetic bacterial cell”. This was the first living cell to have an entirely human-made genome, which means that all of the cell’s characteristics were controlled by a DNA sequence designed by scientists.

This achievement in biological engineering was made possible by combining molecular biotechnology, gene synthesis technology and information technology.

Possibilities of synthetic biology
In his autobiography, A Life Decoded, J. Craig Venter contends that synthetic biology has the potential to address concerns about energy security, climate change and sustainable development: “My company, Synthetic Genomics Inc., is already trying to turn an organism into a biofactory that could make clean hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water or soak up more carbon dioxide.”

He elaborated on his long-term scientific aspirations: “From there I want to take us far from shore into unknown waters, to a new phase of evolution, to the day when one DNA-based species can sit down at a computer to design another.”

Venter maintained: “I plan to show that we understand the software of life by creating true artificial life”.

Another leading researcher, Jay D. Keasling, is confident that the field of synthetic biology can increase access to essential medicines – particularly to provide protection against malaria.

However, civil society groups and technology activists have raised concerns about the risks synthetic biology may pose to security, public health and the environment. The ETC Group, for instance, is concerned that organisms made with synthetic biology (such as engineered bacteria) could be released into the environment, with unknown effects. They’re also concerned about potential weaponisation of synthetic biology.

Patentability
There has been much controversy over the application of patent law to emerging technologies, with large legal battles over the patentability of information technology and business methods, genetic testing, medical information, and stem cell research.

The field of synthetic biology also poses a number of challenges for patent law and public policy. One of the most important questions patent experts (such as Professor Graham Dutfield) are asking is whether synthetic biology is too different from previous biotechnologies to apply existing objections to the patenting of living things.

In addition to considering patentability of synthetic biology, patent offices and courts will have to consider the novelty, inventiveness and utility of the claimed inventions and scope of the claims, in light of the scientific knowledge in this field.

In the United States, patent applications for synthetic biology have fallen into two broad categories: ?1) biological tools, methods and products.?
2) computer programs. This includes software for design of biological devices and programs for analysis of biochemical activity within cells.

Some US patent applications have focused on the construction of a synthetic cell. Scientists at the J Craig Venter Institute, for example, have filed applications for patents on a minimal bacterial genome, a synthetic genome and a method of installing a genome into a cell.

Other US patent applications have involved the creation of useful biological products from cells, such as Jay D. Keasling and colleagues’ production of a malaria drug precursor in a genetically modified cell.

There are also patent applications for various methods of biofuel production.

Law reform
US President Barack Obama’s Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues recommended that synthetic biology be regulated using the principles of public beneficence, responsible stewardship, intellectual freedom and responsibility, democratic deliberation and justice and fairness.

The Commission was, however, hopeful that synthetic biology could “be developed in an ethically responsible manner”.

But intellectual property expert Arti K. Rai has concerns that, as patent thickets have been a problem in the information technology and biotechnology sector, this could also slow the progress of synthetic biology research.

To counter this risk, some scientists and researchers have called for the introduction of a broad defence of experimental use, under patent law, to protect them from the threat of patent litigation.
The US-based group of scientists, BioBricks Foundation, already promotes open innovation in this field and have created a space to share their own research, right from the establishment of a new field.

Sharing of information and resources in synthetic biology research is facilitated by the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, which is supported by a culture of sharing in the synthetic biology community.

Somewhat more radically, biopunks – do-it-yourself biologists – question the use of intellectual property rights altogether in the field of synthetic biology. The international group of do-it-yourself biologists, known as DIYbio, has groups in North America, Europe and Asia, and individual members in many countries including Australia.

In his book, Biopunk, Marcus Wohlsen explains that in the US he’s observed, “An intellectual property system designed to spur innovation by allowing inventors to profit off their inventions has become in biopunks’ eyes a high-stakes game of low-stakes progress.”

The emerging field of synthetic biology is ripe for law review and reform, both overseas and at home in Australia. We’re seeing a proliferation of patents in this field, with the potential for significant impact on health, the environment and the economy.

If governments are serious about the progress of biological research, they will have to consider the implications of patenting and licensing of synthetic biology.

Alison McLennan ?is a PhD candidate & Vice-Chancellor’s Scholar at the Australian National University, where Matthew Rimmer is an ?ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor in Intellectual Property. This article was originally published at The Conversation.

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Inventing life: patent law and synthetic biology

New Biochemistry, Food and Inorganics Resources Published at ScienceIndex.com

The Biochemistry, Food and Inorganics Sciences are three new key categories covered by the Sciences Social Network ScienceIndex.com. The users of the website monitor over 130 scientific Biochemistry, Food and Inorganics journals and submit the most significant scientific results of these journals for inclusion in ScienceIndex.com. ScienceIndex.com was established in 1998 to index the very latest news, headlines, references and resources from science journals, books and websites worldwide. The site covers news in all fields of biology, business, chemistry, engineering, geography, health, mathematics and society.

Mannheim, Germany (PRWEB) February 27, 2012

ScienceIndex.com is a Web 2.0 sciences social network established in 1998 to index the very latest news, headlines, references and resources from science journals, books and websites worldwide. The site covers news in all fields of biology, business, chemistry, engineering, geography, health, mathematics and society. In the field of Chemistry, the site has now included the three new categories Biochemistry, Food and Inorganics. While the Biochemistry category covers the chemical substances and vital processes in living organisms, the Food category covers production of materials of plant or animal origin, that are ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life, and the Inorganics category covers chemical reactions and properties of all elements in the periodic table and their compounds, except element carbon.

ScienceIndex.com's Chemistry Sciences Category covers the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of substances. Its seven subsections include Biochemistry, Food, Inorganics, Materials, Organics, Physics and Toxicology.

ScienceIndex.com's Biochemistry Sciences Category covers covers the chemical substances and vital processes in living organisms. It currently contains over 18,500 articles partly derived from over 40 scientific journals. One of the latest additions covers novel oxidative stress transcription factor. Hypochlorite is a powerful oxidant produced by neutrophils to kill invading microorganisms. Despite this important physiological role of hypochlorite in fighting bacterial infections, no hypochlorite-specific stress response has been identified yet. The authors identified a hypochlorite-responsive transcription factor, YjiE, which is conserved in proteobacteria and eukaryotes. To their knowledge, YjiE is the first described hypochlorite-specific transcription factor specifically conferring hypochlorite resistance to E. coli cells.

ScienceIndex.com's Food Sciences category covers production of materials of plant or animal origin, that are ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. It currently contains nearly 11,800 articles partly derived from almost 50 scientific journals. One recently included article in this category covers a review of osmotic dehydration of fruits and vegetables. Osmotic dehydration is one of the best and suitable method to increase the shelf life of fruits and vegetables since this process retains vitamin and minerals, color, flavor and taste in fruits and vegetables. The authors review different methods, treatments, optimization and effects of osmotic dehydration. Their results show that combination of different osmotic agents are more effective than sucrose alone due to combination of properties of solutes.

ScienceIndex.com's Inorganics Sciences Category covers chemical reactions and properties of all elements in the periodic table and their compounds, except element carbon. It currently contains nearly 6,200 articles partly derived from over 40 scientific journals. One of the latest additions characterizes work hardening mechanisms in Fe–Mn based TWIP steels. When strained in tension, high-manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels achieve very high strength and elongation before necking. The authors show that the Fe–Mn–C grade exhibits the best properties, together with a Portevin–Le Châtelier effect which could result in supplementary hardening. Furthermore, TEM analyses show that twins in the Fe–Mn–C steel are thinner and without dislocation activity, which could lead to a composite effect and increase the work hardening.

###

ScienceIndex.com currently contains over 1.38 million stories distributed among 75 categories. 75,291 users monitor nearly 8,400 journals covering the broad spectrum of sciences. They share circa 2,500 new articles every day. Since new science content is discovered in real-time, the delay between original publication and appearance at ScienceIndex.com is no more than two days. ScienceIndex.com provides an advanced search feature which suggests up to ten closely related articles for a search and also for a selected story. Other features include a "Life Traffic Feed", a "Top Content" sidebar, Google Translate functionality, and RSS feeds for every category. ScienceIndex.com also maintains the new Twitter account @ScienceIndex_ .

George Maine
ScienceIndex.com
+49-180-35518-59433
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New Biochemistry, Food and Inorganics Resources Published at ScienceIndex.com

Darien High Schoolers fare well at science fair

Darien High School students took home first place honors in five out of eight categories at the 12th Annual Southern Connecticut Invitational Science & Engineering Fair in Woodbridge on Feb. 4.

More than 600 students, judges and community members were joined by Dr. Dan Riskin, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me, at the fair, which was held at Amity Regional High School. Completed projects and research proposals were presented by students from Darien, Amity, Convent of the Sacred Heart, Joel Barlow High School, Hamden High School, Newtown High School and Staples High School.

 

Each student was required to create an exhibit, make a presentation, and participate in a question and answer session. Volunteer judges evaluated entries — both completed projects and research proposals — in four categories: behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, health sciences and physical sciences.

Darien student Reed Morgan took first place for his behavioral science proposal called, "Ethnogenesis and State Formation in the Mycenaean Hither State of Pylos: A-pu2/Iklaina as a Diagnostic for Expansion of the Core Zone." Katherine Ferguson won first place for her environmental science proposal, "Quantifying the Effect of Lionfish and Other Stressors on Coral Reef Ecosystems off the Coast of Southern Mexico." Jeffrey Sload tied for first place in the health science proposal category his work, "Elucidating Warfarin Pharmacogenomics in African Americans: A Genome-Wide Association Study on Warfarin Dose Response in a Cohort of African American Individuals." Brooke Davis won first place for her completed behavioral science project, "Use of Formant Values in Classifying Vocalizations of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas)," and Amanda Sommi took first place for her completed environmental science project, "The Effect of Rising Sea Level on the Elevation of Salt Marshes Throughout Long Island, NY."

Darien students Oscar Barbour, Leah Hotchkiss, Caroline Wetterauw, Grace Brandon, Mark Kaminski and Andrew Fletcher also earned awards for their science projects. Sacred Heart junior Lauren Wood also lives in Darien and was awarded a second place prize for her project.

State Rep. Tony Hwang, a Democrat who represents Fairfield and Trumbull, was a first time judge at the event. "The quality of each exhibit was impressive and the enthusiastic and energetic presentation by each young science/engineering scholar gave hope that our community and country will ably compete in the global marketplace into the future," Hwang said. "The tireless work of board members and volunteers made this event an incredible success. They are the true heroes in advocating science/engineering education for our kids."

Celebrity scientist Riskin delivered a speech called, "Should I Really Consider a Career in Science?" An internationally known evolutionary biologist, Riskin told the story of his own career path, how it led him to become an expert on bat locomotion and then a TV host. Among his many lessons, he urged the students to question what they see and what others have told them, and then to question themselves before drawing any conclusions. He said science is about following one's passion, and that it's an intellectual pursuit but "cool and awesome," too.

The science foundation is actively encouraging future participation by additional schools for the science fair competition, part of this effort being to subsidize participation by science teachers in a program on teaching science research at the high school level offered by the State University of New York.

The Sexauer Foundation is a major funding source of the fair and this year's prizes were sponsored by Laticrete International of Bethany. The fair is sponsored by the Southern Connecticut Science & Engineering Foundation.

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Darien High Schoolers fare well at science fair

Ovarian Stem Cells Produce Eggs in Method That May Aid Fertility Therapy

By Ryan Flinn - Sun Feb 26 18:00:00 GMT 2012

Stem cells taken from human ovaries can produce normal, healthy eggs, scientists demonstrated for the first time in an experiment that may lead to new methods to help infertile women.

Women have a fixed number of eggs from birth that are depleted by the time of menopause. The finding, published today in the journal Nature Medicine, challenges the belief that their ovaries can't make more. The research was led by Jonathan Tilly, director of Massachusetts General Hospital’s Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology.

Tilly discovered in 2004 that ovarian stem cells in mice create new eggs, or oocytes, in a way that's similar to how stem cells in male testes produce sperm throughout a man’s life. His latest study proves the same is true in human ovaries, and may point to new ways to preserve fertility or overcome infertility by delaying when the ovaries stop functioning, Tilly said.

“The 50-year-old belief in our field wasn’t actually based on data proving it was impossible, or not ongoing,'' Tilly said in a telephone interview. ``It was simply an assumption made because there was no evidence indicating otherwise. We have human cells that can produce new oocytes.”

A female is most endowed with oocytes as a fetus, when she has about 7 million. That number that drops to 1 million by birth, and around 300,000 by puberty. By menopause, the number is zero. Since the 1950’s, scientists thought that ovarian stem cells capable of producing new eggs are only active during fetal development.

Rare Protein Expressed

In the study, healthy ovaries were obtained from consenting patients undergoing sex reassignment surgery. The researchers were able to identify ovarian stem cells because they express a rare protein that’s only seen in reproductive cells.

The stem cells from the ovaries were injected into human ovarian tissue that was then grafted under the skin of mice, which provided the blood supply that enabled the cells to grow. Within two weeks, early stage human follicles with oocytes had begun to form.

“This paper essentially opens the door to the ability to control oocyte development in human ovaries,” Tilly said.

About 10 percent of women of child-bearing age in the U.S., or 6.1 million, have difficulty getting pregnant or staying pregnant, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most cases of female infertility are caused by problems with ovulation, hormone imbalance or age.

Infertility Treatments

Infertility in women is now treated through drugs, surgery, artificial insemination or assisted reproductive technology, in which the woman’s eggs are mixed with sperm outside the body, then reinserted.

The study offers “a new model system for understanding the human egg cell,” according to David F. Albertini, director of the Center for Reproductive Services and professor in the department of molecular and integrative physiology at Kansas University. Still, “there’s a long way to go before this has real practical applications,” he said.

“I’ve spent 35 years of my life studying egg cells and this is a cell that is at least as complicated as a neuron in the brain, if not more,” Albertini said by telephone. “You will need to establish reproducibility from one lab to the next, and hopefully others will be able to confirm his work and extend it, make it into something that will make us confident that the cells are safe to use and we could actually use them to repopulate an egg-depleted ovary.”

New Therapies

Tilly's team is exploring the development of an ovarian stem- cells bank that can be cryogenically frozen and thawed without damage, unlike human eggs, he said. The researchers are also working to identify hormones and other growth factors for accelerating production of eggs from human ovarian stem cells and ways to improve in-vitro fertilization.

“The problem we face with IVF is we don’t have many eggs to work with,” he said. “These cells are renewable. If we are successful -- and it’s a big if -- in generating functioning eggs from these cells, we can generate as many eggs as we need to on a per patient basis.”

Tilly is also collaborating with researchers at the University of Edinburgh in the U.K. to determine whether the oocytes can be developed into fully mature human eggs for fertilizing. The U.S bans creating or fertilizing embryos for experimental purposes, he said.

A company Tilly co-founded, Boston-based OvaScience Inc., has licensed the technology for potential commercial applications.

To contact the reporter on this story: Ryan Flinn in San Francisco at rflinn@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reg Gale at rgale5@bloomberg.net

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Ovarian Stem Cells Produce Eggs in Method That May Aid Fertility Therapy

Experts on longevity to highlight Healthy People 2012 conference

LOMA LINDA - Experts from around the country will speak, present research and offer tips at "Healthy People 2012: The Lifestyle Conference" at Loma Linda University on March 6-7.

Healthy People 2012, sponsored by Loma Linda University Medical Center, is an annual lifestyle conference that attracts top-level speakers and is open to the public. This year's theme is "Healthy Aging and Living Whole."

The conference will define the "Top 10 Lifestyle Priority Areas" necessary for healthy aging.

Dr. Walter M. Bortz, clinical associate professor of Stanford University School of Medicine and author of the bestselling book, "Dare to be 100" and Dr. Bruce Rabin, medical director of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Healthy Lifestyle Program, will give presentations at the conference, to be held at the Loma Linda University Drayson Center, 25040 Stewart St.

"We are very excited and looking forward to hearing valuable insights from Dr. Bortz and Dr. Rabin," said Krystal Sky Gheen, assistant director for continuing education at LLU School of Public Health and coordinator of Healthy People 2012.

"The speakers are leading authorities in the area of longevity and conference participants will certainly benefit from hearing both of them," she said.

Dr. Don Wright, deputy assistant secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, will give the keynote on "National Prevention Strategy and Healthy People 2020 initiatives.

Dr. Jane Wright (no relation), of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, will speak on "The Million Hearts Initiative" to prevent a million heart attacks and strokes in five years.

Bortz is speaking during the March 6 session as is Janet Wright and Don Wright; Rabin will speak on March 7.

Dr. Wayne Dysinger, chairman of the Loma Linda University Department of Preventive Medicine, will speak March 7 on "Stress Reduction and Prioritizing Rest."

Dora Barilla, director of community benefits for Loma Linda University Medical Center, will lead a special session on March 6, called Power of Transformation in Health Care.

For more information and to register for the conference, go to healthypeopleconference.org

Reach Jim via email or call him at 909-386-3855.

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Experts on longevity to highlight Healthy People 2012 conference

DNA clue to 47-year-old murder

Police scour Wanda Beach following the murders, 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Marianne Schmidt in undated family photo, who was found murdered along with friend Christine Sharrock at Wanda Beach in Sydney in 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Cold Case: Christine Sharrock and Marianne Schmidt. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Christine Sharrock in undated family photo, who was found murdered along with friend Marianne Schmidt at Wanda Beach in Sydney in 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

A BLOOD spot may hold vital DNA evidence that could solve one of Sydney's most enduring mysteries.

The blood, taken from the scene of the Wanda Beach murders 47 years ago, belongs to an unknown male and was gleaned from crime scene boxes after cold case detectives revisited the case.

Now police hope new testing methods will give them a fuller profile and provide a breakthrough in the case.

Teenagers Marianne Schmidt and Christine Sharrock were found stabbed and bashed to death in the sand dunes at Wanda beach, in Sydney's south, in January 1965. Despite a number of investigations over the years no one has ever been arrested for the murders of the two 15-year-olds from Ryde.

The Cold Case Squad was told to reinvestigate the case by Police Commissioner Andrew Scipione in 2007.

The Cold Case Justice program located clothing belonging to the Wanda Beach victims, had crime scene negatives reprinted and reviewed all the evidence.

A button and zipper were removed from one of the victim's shorts and a sub sample sent to New Zealand for DNA testing but the profile which came back belonged to one of the victims.

Surprised that DNA profiles could still be obtained from a sample so many years old, officers decided to test a blood mark on the shorts that could be a knife wipe mark. A weak male profile was found.

Assistant Commissioner Mark Sweeney, head of the forensic group, said: "We are optimistic that when enhanced with new techniques the DNA could be used against a number of known suspects. What it shows is DNA can be successfully extracted nearly 50 years later and science used to investigate new and old crimes."

Police are being cautious and at the moment it is believed the DNA markers are not strong enough for a conclusive comparison. However, testing methods are improving and the sample will undergo further tests as the technology becomes available. Police won't say if they have a suspect in mind to match the DNA against.

However, other sources have revealed a number of suspects are still alive.

"There is one in particular that I would love to see matched against any DNA we may get in the future," the investigator said. "Luckily he is incarcerated interstate and will never be released." Last year the Cold Case squad cleared more than 33 sex assaults and several murders committed as far back as the early 1980s.

Original post:
DNA clue to 47-year-old murder

Posted in DNA

DNA clue to Wanda Beach murders 47 years on

Police scour Wanda Beach following the murders, 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Marianne Schmidt in undated family photo, who was found murdered along with friend Christine Sharrock at Wanda Beach in Sydney in 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Cold Case: Christine Sharrock and Marianne Schmidt. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Christine Sharrock in undated family photo, who was found murdered along with friend Marianne Schmidt at Wanda Beach in Sydney in 1965. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Two teenagers murdered at Wanda Beach 47 years ago Blood spot found on cold-case evidence tested  Faint DNA profile of male discovered, further testing needed

A BLOOD spot may hold vital DNA evidence that could solve one of Sydney's most enduring mysteries.

The blood, taken from the scene of the Wanda Beach murders 47 years ago, belongs to an unknown male and was gleaned from crime scene boxes after cold case detectives revisited the case.

Now police hope new testing methods will give them a fuller profile and provide a breakthrough in the case.

Teenagers Marianne Schmidt and Christine Sharrock were found stabbed and bashed to death in the sand dunes at Wanda beach, in Sydney's south, in January 1965. Despite a number of investigations over the years no one has ever been arrested for the murders of the two 15-year-olds from Ryde.

The Cold Case Squad was told to reinvestigate the case by Police Commissioner Andrew Scipione in 2007.

The Cold Case Justice program located clothing belonging to the Wanda Beach victims, had crime scene negatives reprinted and reviewed all the evidence.

A button and zipper were removed from one of the victim's shorts and a sub sample sent to New Zealand for DNA testing but the profile which came back belonged to one of the victims.

Surprised that DNA profiles could still be obtained from a sample so many years old, officers decided to test a blood mark on the shorts that could be a knife wipe mark. A weak male profile was found.

Assistant Commissioner Mark Sweeney, head of the forensic group, said: "We are optimistic that when enhanced with new techniques the DNA could be used against a number of known suspects. What it shows is DNA can be successfully extracted nearly 50 years later and science used to investigate new and old crimes."

Police are being cautious and at the moment it is believed the DNA markers are not strong enough for a conclusive comparison. However, testing methods are improving and the sample will undergo further tests as the technology becomes available. Police won't say if they have a suspect in mind to match the DNA against.

However, other sources have revealed a number of suspects are still alive.

"There is one in particular that I would love to see matched against any DNA we may get in the future," the investigator said. "Luckily he is incarcerated interstate and will never be released." Last year the Cold Case squad cleared more than 33 sex assaults and several murders committed as far back as the early 1980s.

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DNA clue to Wanda Beach murders 47 years on

Posted in DNA

VIDEO: Anatomy of a high-speed chase

WATERLOO, Iowa --- Lawrenzo Apollos Harris was just trying to get home.

The 19-year-old was in Cedar Rapids, and home --- Chicago --- was 250 miles away.

He didn't have any money, he would later tell officers, and he was on foot.

As a result of the ensuing journey on Nov. 16, Harris may not find his way home for seven years.

Authorities say he stole a Saturn Ion and led Iowa State Patrol troopers and Black Hawk deputies on a chase that topped 100 mph before he crashed in Waterloo.

Thursday, Harris pleaded guilty part way through his trial after a judge reduced eluding and assault charges to misdemeanors. Only a theft charge remained at the felony level.

"At one point it was over 110 miles per hour, I believe it was 112," Trooper Tyrel Williamson told jurors during the trial last week.

Williamson was headed to Independence for SWAT team training when he heard radio chatter about the high-speed pursuit working its way up Interstate 380 from the Linn County line. He was to the north on U.S. Highway 20 but steered down 380 to head off the chase with a rolling roadblock. The technique involves boxing in a fleeing vehicle, slowing down and forcing the car and driver to the shoulder.

But Williamson said the vehicle was going too fast as it came up behind him, and he abandoned the plan.

"He was going to go right through my vehicle. I pulled over and let him pass," Williamson said.

Deputy Jeremy Jolley pulled onto I-380/Highway 20 at Evansdale and began moving westbound traffic to the side to make way for the coming pursuit. The Ion zipped past Jolley, who then became the lead squad car.

At the I-380/Highway 218 interchange, another patrol car had set up Stop Stick anti-tire devices.

"They are foam triangles inside a bag, and embedded in the triangles are spikes, hollow spikes," Jolley testified.

The Ion ran over the sticks and began to spin out of control, ending up in the grass median.

Jolley's car pulled over to the shoulder near the Ion.

But the Ion began to drive out of the median, and officers said Harris aimed for the squad car's door in attempt to ram it.

Behind Jolley, Williamson was still rolling and saw the Ion. He said he feared the impact would kill or injure the deputy.

"I came alongside the deputy's car," Williamson told jurors. "I pushed it (the Ion) clear of the driver's door."

The Ion missed the door and struck the deputy's front quarter panel.

Harris jumped out and ran, Williamson tackled him in some trees at the bottom of the embankment. When Harris tried to push the trooper away, Williamson struck him in the face.

Williamson told jurors that because he was headed to training, he didn't have his usual duty belt with handcuffs. So he had to punch Harris every time he tried to push away, and that continued until other officers with handcuffs arrived.

At trial, the defense didn't give opening statements or put on any evidence. Public Defender Tomas Rodriguez argued that the charges of felony eluding and assault while participating in a felony weren't warranted because they required another felony to be taking place.

Harris had, in effect gotten away with the Ion after taking it from a Cedar Rapids home, Rodriguez argued. The chase happened after the theft was completed, and officers who began chasing Harris were merely trying to stop him for speeding and didn't know the car was stolen.

Judge David Staudt sided with the defense and lowered the eluding and assault charges to misdemeanors. Harris then pleaded guilty to the second-degree theft, which is a felony, for taking the car, and the two misdemeanors.

Sentencing will be at a later date. Harris faces up to seven years of prison.

Originally posted here:
VIDEO: Anatomy of a high-speed chase

Pregnancy and fish oils – How both mother and baby can benefit

by: Dr. Daniel Zagst

By 2012, most people understand the importance of including omega-3 fatty acids to their diets. Commonly found in fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids have countless benefits to a person's health and complexion. From teens to the elderly, everyone can benefit from the wonders of omega-3 fatty acids, but what about pregnant moms and newborns? Recent research indicates that moms and fetuses need fish oils just as much as the rest of the population.

Good news for the mother, better news for the baby

Pregnant women have been advised to consume omega-3 fatty acids in order to ensure proper development of the fetal neurological system. Even after birth, fish oil supplementation can improve the early development of a newborn's brain, visual system, and motor function in women who breastfeed. These fish oils, most notably the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is part of a group of omega-3s known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The human brain is full of PUFAs that modulate inflammation and provide integrity to the neuronal network. By supplying a developing brain with plenty of PUFAs, a mother can support their child's proper development. Along with benefits to the child, a pregnant mother that consumes fish oils can prevent pre-term labor, reduce the risk of pre-ecclampsia, and may even help in the prevention of post-pardum depression (PPD). Read more...

AyurGold for Healthy Blood

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