State’s astronomy educational workshops help launch students’ interest in science and beyond

Since were in the middle of a heat wave, it seems like an appropriate time to ask this question. Why is it hot in the summer and cold in the winter?

If youre at a loss for an answer, dont worry, youre not alone.

Riverside Military Academy instructor James Myers says that point was made abundantly clear in a video, "Our Private Universe," that he incorporated into a NASA-funded workshop for educators that he recently facilitated at the University of Georgia.

"It begins by asking a group of Harvard University graduates a few simple science questions that are covered in middle school science and throughout the high school science curriculum," Myers said.

"One of the questions is What causes the seasons. Nearly all (participants) related the cause to the Earths varying distance from the sun rather than the tilt of the Earths axis.

"The point is that many well-educated people do not understand some of the basic facts of science."

One of the reasons why so many people know so little about astronomy is because its largely absent from public education. That is a travesty some say.

"Astronomy can be taught at an elementary level. My 5-year-old granddaughter told me about studying constellations in her pre-school," Myers said.

"Astronomy can also be taught at an advanced level with rigorous mathematics. A friend of mine who directs a planetarium in Kentucky said that all pre-schoolers are very interested in dinosaurs and astronomy.

"An interest in astronomy is native to most all people. A trained teacher can then use that interest in astronomy to teach lots of physics for sure, but also chemistry, history and biology."

Read this article:

State’s astronomy educational workshops help launch students’ interest in science and beyond

Newborn star makes a cosmic bank shot | Bad Astronomy

Like human babies, newborn stars tend to blast out gas from both ends. Unlike infant people, when stars do it its because of things like angular momentum, magnetic fields, and radiation pressure.

Also unlike human babies, when stars blast out gas its incredibly beautiful. Like in the case of HH110, seen here using the Hubble Space Telescope:

[Click to encollimate -- and you want to -- or grab the huger 4000 x 3000 pixel version.]

Breathtaking, isnt it? Ironically, given the analogy above.

Massive newborn stars are hot, bright, spin rapidly, and have strong magnetic fields. As matter flows away from the star, all of these combine to form two tornado-like structures, vast and violent, erupting away from the stars poles. These two focused beams (astronomers call them "jets") can scream away from the star at hundreds of kilometers per second. As a class, we call them Herbig-Haro objects, or HH objects for short.

HH110 is a bit of an oddball since it only appears to have one beam of material instead of two. Its also wider than most HH jets, and appears more turbulent, with lots of twisty structures and knots of material in it. And now we think we know why: its a bit of a fraud. Its not its own HH object, but part of another!

Less than a light year away is a fainter HH object, called HH270. One of the jets from HH270 is pointed right at HH110, which seems like a pretty big coincidence. And it probably isnt: the thinking now is that this HH270 jet is slamming into a dense cloud of material and getting deflected, and its this material splattering away thats forming HH110! Ive labeled the image above taken using the Subaru telescope to make this more clear (from the CASA website; there are images showing more of that region of space and its lousy with HH objects).

This idea makes a lot of sense, and explains the weird structure in HH110. Dense clouds of material are common near newborn stars after all, stars form from gas clouds! and its not too surprising that at some point a jet will slam in to one. You can even see the cloud in question in the picture; its the area which is black. The material there is so thick its blocking the light from stars behind it, so we see it because of whats not there.

Continue reading here:

Newborn star makes a cosmic bank shot | Bad Astronomy

Researchers propose gold and DNA based dark matter detector

ssDNA/Au Tracking Chamber: A WIMP from the Galaxy scatters elastically with a gold nucleus situated in a thin gold foil. The recoiling Au nucleus traverses hanging strings of single stranded DNA, and severs any ssDNA it hits. The location of the breaks can be found by amplifying and sequencing the fallen ssDNA segment, thereby allowing reconstruction of the track of the recoiling Au nucleus with nanometer accuracy. Image: arXiv:1206.6809v1

(Phys.org) -- One of the precepts of scientific theory is that at some point, physical evidence should become available to prove it true. In physics this is an ongoing process in many areas of study, one of which is the detection and measurement of so called dark matter. Most astrophysicists agree it exists, yet no one has been able to definitively prove it though the presentation of physical evidence. While there are some ongoing projects attempting to do just that, the results have not been strong enough to offer proof. To overcome that problem a team of physicists and biologists have proposed a new type of detector based on a thin sheet of gold with many strands of DNA dangling below. The idea the team says in its paper uploaded to the preprint server arXiv, is to follow the path of a gold nucleus after being struck by a dark matter particle as it makes its way through strands of DNA, severing them as it goes.

Dark matter, the theory goes, is all around us, but we cant see it or detect it using conventional means. Scientists believe its moving though, from the center of the universe towards us. The best analogy is water, in a stream; were like an island in it as is the sun. Thus, because we orbit the sun, and because our planet spins, we ought to be facing upstream sometimes and downstream others. Thats the basis of any dark matter detector, to first detect the weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs as researchers call them, and then to measure the amounts of them over the course of a day, or year to see if they conform to theory.

One way to build such a detector this new team says, is to dangle a dense forest of DNA strands from a thin sheet of gold. The idea is that when a WIMP strikes one of the gold atoms, its nucleus will be sent crashing down through the mass of DNA strands breaking the ones it strikes. Then, because each DNA strand would have a unique marker at its end, researchers could, by collecting the broken strands, figure out the trajectory of the nucleus though the strands and likewise that of the WIMP that struck it. Such a detector would go a long way towards proving that theories about dark matter are true.

Unfortunately, its not as simple as all that, because building such a detector would be a feat in and of itself. Making DNA strands that would be long enough to work in such a detector, for example, would be a challenge as would getting them all to align in a meter square trap and to dangle straight down instead of curling up.

On the other hand, the researchers say building such a detector would cost far less money than other efforts underway, and the detector once built would be far more accessible since it could be used at room temperature. Plus, if it worked, the team that built it would almost certainly go down in history as the scientists that finally proved that dark matter is real.

More information: New Dark Matter Detectors using DNA for Nanometer Tracking, arXiv:1206.6809v1 [astro-ph.IM] arxiv.org/abs/1206.6809

Abstract Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) may constitute most of the matter in the Universe. While there are intriguing results from DAMA/LIBRA, CoGeNT and CRESST-II, there is not yet a compelling detection of dark matter. The ability to detect the directionality of recoil nuclei will considerably facilitate detection of WIMPs by means of "annual modulation effect" and "diurnal modulation effect". Directional sensitivity requires either extremely large gas (TPC) detectors or detectors with a few nanometer spatial resolution. In this paper we propose a novel type of dark matter detector: detectors made of DNA could provide nanometer resolution for tracking, an energy threshold of 0.5 keV, and can operate at room temperature. When a WIMP from the Galactic Halo elastically scatters off of a nucleus in the detector, the recoiling nucleus then traverses thousands of strings of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) (all with known base sequences) and severs those ssDNA strands it hits. The location of the break can be identified by amplifying and identifying the segments of cut ssDNA using techniques well known to biologists. Thus the path of the recoiling nucleus can be tracked to nanometer accuracy. In one such detector concept, the transducers are a few nanometer-thick Au-foils of 1m times1m, and the direction of recoiling nuclei is measured by "DNA Tracking Chamber" consisting of ordered array of ssDNA strands. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and ssDNA sequencing are used to read-out the detector. The detector consists of roughly 1 kg of gold and 0.1 kg of DNA packed into (1m)^3. By leveraging advances in molecular biology, we aim to achieve about 1,000-fold better spatial resolution than in conventional WIMP detectors at reasonable cost.

Journal reference: arXiv

2012 Phys.Org

Originally posted here:

Researchers propose gold and DNA based dark matter detector

Earth is not Enough

03.07.2012 - (idw) Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie

Researchers at the Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie (MPIfR, Bonn, Germany) and the Astro Space Center (ASC, Moscow, Russia) have obtained the first detection of interferometric signals between the Effelsberg 100 m telescope in Germany, and the RadioAstron spacecraft telescope orbiting the Earth using the DiFX software correlator. This breakthrough enables new research to be pursued by the collaborators at the highest angular resolutions in astronomy, with simultaneous observations of two radio telescopes more than 300,000 km apart. Both telescopes were targeted at BL Lacertae, an Active Galactic Nucleus at a distance of approximately 900 million light years. RadioAstron is an international project for VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) observations in space, led by the Astro Space Center (ASC) in Moscow and employing a 10-meter radio antenna on board of the Russian Spektr-R satellite. Launched in July 2011, the Spektr-R is a spacecraft orbiting the Earth on an elliptical orbit reaching out to 350 000 km from Earth. Combining the space borne antenna together with other radio telescopes on Earth, the RadioAstron project uses interferometric measurements to achieve extremely high angular resolutions --- equivalent to the resolution that would be achieved by a single telescope the size of the distance from the Earth to the Moon! The RadioAstron mission will enable astronomers to study exciting scientific topics including particle acceleration near supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei, neutron stars and pulsars, to dark matter and dark energy.

The radio interferometry technique utilized by the RadioAstron mission relies on having pairs of telescopes that record the incoming radio wave signals, which are then electronically compared in a process called correlation. This processes, directly comparable to the optical "double-slit experiment" encountered in elementary optics classes by physics students, results in a series of sinusoidal intensity fluctuations as a function of the direction on the sky. Such sinusoidal variations are called "fringes" in radio astronomy, and the greater the distance between the two telescopes, the more precisely astronomers can measure the direction on the sky where a radio source is located.

In order to fit within the mass and size limits of the launch vehicle (rocket), the size of the RadioAstron antenna was limited to 10 meters. The RadioAstron antenna is therefore not very sensitive on its own. This is where the collaboration with the MPIfR is extremely important. The MPIfR operates the 100 meter diameter radio telescope in Effelsberg, Germany, a large and extremely sensitive radio telescope that is well suited for participating in interferometry experiments such as this.

First fringes for the RadioAstron project were already detected using the Effelsberg 100 m telescope and the ASC correlator in 2011 and presented in an earlier press release. The observation described here has targeted BL Lacertae, an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) in the constellation Lacerta (the Lizard) in a distance of approximately 900 million light years. With its high variability and significant optical polarization, BL Lacerta forms the prototype for a whole class of AGNs.

"An important new aspect of this analysis is that instead of having the radio signals processed by a hardware correlator, the radio signals were processed using the DiFX software correlator running on the VLBI computing stations at our institute in Bonn", states Anton Zensus, Director at MPIfR. "Our scientists, in consultation with RadioAstron experts, modified the DiFX source code to enable the use of radio signals from spacecraft orbiting the Earth." As traditional VLBI is performed using radio telescopes fixed to the surface of the Earth, these software changes included enabling DiFX to deal with telescopes moving in arbitrary ways, as well as correcting for the difference in the rate at which time progresses between the telescope on the ground and the spacecraft --- subtle changes predicted by the general relativity theory of Einstein that are essential for detecting interference signals between the two telescopes. The DiFX correlator is an open project involving many radio astronomers and geodetic (Earth science) scientists around the world, from Australia where it was initially developed to Europe and the United States. This will allow RadioAstron data to be processed using arrays of telescopes around the world, greatly opening up the opportunities for the RadioAstron mission to work together with other instruments around the world.

Another significant benefit of processing RadioAstron data using the DiFX correlator is that software tools commonly used by astronomers to process radio interferometry data already know how to use the data produced by DiFX, and astronomers can immediately start using their favorite software packages for processing RadioAstron data.

"This is an exciting development for the RadioAstron mission because it means that we can now successfully analyze the RadioAstron data from the point of view of studying the astronomy and physics", says James Anderson from Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie. "We can sit down and make radio images of these objects at resolutions approaching the micro-arcsecond level --- something we have never been able to do before."

Dr. Andrei Lobanov, Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie. Fon: +49(0)228-525-191 E-mail: alobanov@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de

Dr. James Anderson, Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie. Fon: +49(0)228-525-356 E-mail: anderson@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de

Link:

Earth is not Enough

Earth is not enough: First fringes between effelsberg and RadioAstron using the DiFX correlator

a): VLBI computing cluster at Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie, Bonn; b): Active galactic nucleus BL Lac - detection of interferometric signals ("fringes") between RadioAstron and the Effelsberg 100m radio telescope (PDF file). Credit: MPIfR/W. Alef (Fig. 1a); MPIfR/J. Anderson (Fig. 1b).

(Phys.org) -- Researchers at the Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie (MPIfR, Bonn, Germany) and the Astro Space Center (ASC, Moscow, Russia) have obtained the first detection of interferometric signals between the Effelsberg 100 m telescope in Germany, and the RadioAstron spacecraft telescope orbiting the Earth using the DiFX software correlator.

This breakthrough enables new research to be pursued by the collaborators at the highest angular resolutions in astronomy, with simultaneous observations of two radio telescopes more than 300,000 km apart. Both telescopes were targeted at BL Lacertae, an Active Galactic Nucleus at a distance of approximately 900 million light years.

RadioAstron is an international project for VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) observations in space, led by the Astro Space Center (ASC) in Moscow and employing a 10-meter radio antenna on board of the Russian Spektr-R satellite. Launched in July 2011, the Spektr-R is a spacecraft orbiting the Earth on an elliptical orbit reaching out to 350 000 km from Earth. Combining the space borne antenna together with other radio telescopes on Earth, the RadioAstron project uses interferometric measurements to achieve extremely high angular resolutions --- equivalent to the resolution that would be achieved by a single telescope the size of the distance from the Earth to the Moon! The RadioAstron mission will enable astronomers to study exciting scientific topics including particle acceleration near supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei, neutron stars and pulsars, to dark matter and dark energy.

The radio interferometry technique utilized by the RadioAstron mission relies on having pairs of telescopes that record the incoming radio wave signals, which are then electronically compared in a process called correlation. This processes, directly comparable to the optical "double-slit experiment" encountered in elementary optics classes by physics students, results in a series of sinusoidal intensity fluctuations as a function of the direction on the sky. Such sinusoidal variations are called "fringes" in radio astronomy, and the greater the distance between the two telescopes, the more precisely astronomers can measure the direction on the sky where a radio source is located.

In order to fit within the mass and size limits of the launch vehicle (rocket), the size of the RadioAstron antenna was limited to 10 meters (Fig. 2b). The RadioAstron antenna is therefore not very sensitive on its own. This is where the collaboration with the MPIfR is extremely important. The MPIfR operates the 100 meter diameter radio telescope in Effelsberg, Germany (Fig. 2a), a large and extremely sensitive radio telescope that is well suited for participating in interferometry experiments such as this.

Enlarge

Figure 2: a): 100m radio telescope near Bad Mnstereifel-Effelsberg/Germany. b): Artist's impression of Spektr-R, the 10-meter space-borne antenna of the RadioAstron project. Credit: MPIfR/N. Junkes (Fig. 2a), Lavochkin Association (Fig. 2b).

Figure 1b shows an image of the first Effelsberg to RadioAstron fringe detection of BL Lacertae using the DiFX correlator with different colors showing the intensity of the measured fringe signal.

"An important new aspect of this analysis is that instead of having the radio signals processed by a hardware correlator, the radio signals were processed using the DiFX software correlator running on the VLBI computing stations at our institute in Bonn", states Anton Zensus, Director at MPIfR. "Our scientists, in consultation with RadioAstron experts, modified the DiFX source code to enable the use of radio signals from spacecraft orbiting the Earth." As traditional VLBI is performed using radio telescopes fixed to the surface of the Earth, these software changes included enabling DiFX to deal with telescopes moving in arbitrary ways, as well as correcting for the difference in the rate at which time progresses between the telescope on the ground and the spacecraft --- subtle changes predicted by the general relativity theory of Einstein that are essential for detecting interference signals between the two telescopes. The DiFX correlator is an open project involving many radio astronomers and geodetic (Earth science) scientists around the world, from Australia where it was initially developed to Europe and the United States. This will allow RadioAstron data to be processed using arrays of telescopes around the world, greatly opening up the opportunities for the RadioAstron mission to work together with other instruments around the world.

Read more:

Earth is not enough: First fringes between effelsberg and RadioAstron using the DiFX correlator

Emmen Aerospace To Become BOSH Technologies

NEWPORT NEWS, Va., July 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Emmen Aerospace, Inc. (Emmen) announced today that it will rebrand to become BOSH Technologies, a member of The BOSH Group (TBG), effective October 1, 2012. The transition will formalize Emmen's induction into TBG, a family of companies dedicated to the development and operation of customized unmanned system solutions.

Emmen, which specializes in the development, production and support of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), adds complementary technologies to TBG's portfolio of capabilities. "Emmen has a proven track record of success in supplying affordable, easy-to-use Unmanned Aircraft Systems to U.S. government and military personnel at home and in Iraq and Afghanistan," said Robert Fitzgerald, CEO of The BOSH Group. "As BOSH Technologies, the company will build on that success, expanding into new markets by customizing field-proven unmanned systems to meet the specific needs of law enforcement, emergency responders and other civil communities."

BOSH Technologies will continue to produce the Emmen family of products, including the "Swiper," "Super Swiper," "Condor" and "Skynet" UAS, and will champion the expansion and improvement of these systems' capabilities while working to increase the company's product offerings. Current Emmen customers can count on the continuation of Emmen's quality service and improved products from BOSH Technologies.

About Emmen Aerospace, Inc.Emmen Aerospace, Inc. is a leader in the development of affordable unmanned systems. Specializing in the integration of robust air and surface unmanned systems, command and control systems, surveillance systems and target drones, Emmen is dedicated to the design and development of unique and innovative solutions for government, military and civil agencies. Offering a range of products tailored to meet the customer's specific requirements, Emmen provides affordable unmanned systems that are easily operated and maintained. For more information, visit http://www.emmenaerospace.com.

About The BOSH GroupThe BOSH Group is a parent organization providing centralized management and business support services for several specialized companies. Members of TBG offer a comprehensive range of technology products and service solutions built upon unmatched experience developing and supporting U.S. Department of Defense mission-critical surveillance and communications systems. Members' portfolios include production of cost-effective UAS and associated operational and analytical services designed to fulfill customer-specific needs in emerging commercial and civil UAS market segments.

For additional information: 757.283.9649

Read the original post:

Emmen Aerospace To Become BOSH Technologies

5 Questions: Dr. John Bell

Dr. John Bell has a Ph. D in Physiology and Pharmacology from the University of California, San Diego. He is the Dean of Undergraduate Education and a professor in the Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology.

Q: What made you pursue physiology and pharmacology all the way to a Ph. D?

I wanted to be a scientist from the time I was a child. I discovered as an undergraduate student that I really liked a mixture of chemistry, physics and biology. Those disciplines offered that opportunity, as well as being disciplines in the life sciences, that are a bit more practical in terms of employment than some others that also interested me. There are both industrial as well as academic opportunities there. Academic opportunities in institutions like BYU that are predominately undergraduate as well as places that have professional schools, such as medical school, dental school and things like that. It offered me an opportunity to pursue my interests as well as provide a wide range of potential employment.

Q: Are you currently involved in any research or academic projects?

Thats all I do. I have administrative responsibilities for General Education, Honors and Freshman Year. The director of our Honors Program and I were just discussing some of the ideas of where the Honors Program might go. So, Im constantly involved in projects. In my research lab I study cell membranes and the physics of some of the molecules that are embedded in the cell membrane and how that impacts certain pathological situations involved with cancers and involved with inflammatory diseases. I would say the work I do is more basic than applied. That means its more in terms of identifying an understanding of what exists in nature. Other researchers, whose interest are more in the direction of application, take that information and apply it in ways to generate treatment.

Q: How has student-teacher interaction changed for you since becoming the Dean of Undergraduate Education?

There has been a change in what courses I teach because I felt an increased need to teach courses in the Honors Program or General Education. For many years Ive taught somewhat in those arenas, now I certainly think more about what happens in a course that I teach in General Education as well as for majors. I think in terms of General Education more than I used to. I have the opportunity of teaching in some situations that I would not have predicted. For example, I teach a course in mathematical modeling and a course in statistics for students that have specific kinds of backgrounds. While Ive had expertise in those areas in terms of my research and training, Ive never imagined myself teaching those things because Im not a member of those faculties. My interactions with Honors and General Education have offered me the opportunity to participate in those things where it would have otherwise not have happened.

Q: What is your personal teaching philosophy?

It is to focus on student learning, what the student is doing, whats happening in the students head and focus on helping students be empowered so that they have a very deep and thorough understanding. The goal is expertise, really. Students come as novices and the goal is that by the end of the course theyre experts. Not about everything, but what is in the course; they have expertise in those areas. My job is to help them make the transition from being a novice to being an expert. That means I need to understand what the characteristics of an expert are, and make those transparent to the student. Then I help the student learn whether they are acquiring those characteristics, whether those are things in their possession or are not yet acquired. That refocuses the students attention away from the study guide idea that if they memorize the words and say something intelligent about these concepts theyll be fine to saying, Am I an expert or not? Can I apply these? Can I solve problems? Can I think, talk and write about these? Do I thoroughly understand them? Do I own them? That means there needs to be effort in reflection. Its what we call metacognitive skills, where the student learns to evaluate their own understanding and assess whether they do or dont own them. It helps them to identify misconceptions and ways to resolve them, as well as identify resources that would be helpful. Its whole different strategy than simply reviewing notes, which is a potential challenge in a discipline that is information-rich. My philosophy is to help them develop their true understanding and expertise.

Q: How has your experience been at BYU?

Read the original:
5 Questions: Dr. John Bell

New Recommendations Released in Diagnosis of HPV-Associated Squamous Lesions

Newswise NORTHFIELD, ILL. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) jointly issued The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions: Background and Consensus Recommendations.

The CAP/ASCCP LAST Project consensus recommendations were released on June 28, 2012, in the online editions of Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Archives) and in the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease (JLGTD), the official journals of the CAP and the ASCCP, respectively.

The new recommendations provide standardization of diagnostic terminology of lesions associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) across lower anogenital tract body sites, including the appropriate use of biomarkers to distinguish these lesions. Through implementation of the recommendations, the two organizations aim to enhance communication between pathologists and clinicians leading to more effective patient management of HPV-associated disease and, ultimately, improved patient outcomes.

The CAP/ASCCP LAST Project consensus recommendations were developed based on the availability of new science, allowing pathologists to better classify HPV-associated lesions, said Teresa M. Darragh, MD, FCAP, the lead author of and steering committee co-chair for the LAST Project consensus recommendations and a professor of clinical pathology and obstetrics, gynecology & reproductive sciences at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and an attending physician in the UCSF/Mt. Zion Dysplasia Clinic in San Francisco, Calif. With this information, patients along with their physicians will be able to better weigh the benefits and risks of management options associated with HPV infections, allowing them to make more informed decisions about their health.

The recommendations were developed based on an extensive literature review of the terminology used historically, how terminology influences management of HPV-associated lesions by body sites, and the role of biomarkers in their diagnosis.

The CAP Pathology & Laboratory Quality Center, the Center, a forum for developing evidence-based guidelines and consensus recommendations, led the joint development of the LAST Projects consensus recommendations. Thirty-five professional organizations collaborated and participated in the review and final approval of the recommendations, which will be published in the July issue of JLGTD and in the October issue of Archives.

###

About the College of American Pathologists The College of American Pathologists (CAP) celebrating 50 years as the gold standard in laboratory accreditation, is a medical society serving more than 18,000 physician members and the global laboratory community. It is the world's largest association composed exclusively of board-certified pathologists and is the worldwide leader in laboratory quality assurance. The College advocates accountable, high-quality, and cost-effective patient care.

About the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) The ASCCP is a non-profit professional organization of 3,300 members whose primary mission is the education of healthcare providers about the diagnosis and management of diseases of the lower female reproductive system, especially cervical cancer and its precursors.The Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease, the official journal of the ASCCP, is the leading source for the latest science in its field.

In September 2001 at the National Institutes of Health, ASCCPproduced the first Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Women with CervicalCytological Abnormalities and the Management of Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Draft guidelines with supporting evidence were presented, discussed, revised as needed and then voted upon by the appointed delegates representing 29 major medical organizations and federal agencies.The resulting cytology guidelines were published in JAMA (Wright TC, et al. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2120-9.) and the histology guidelines in AJOG (Wright TC Jr, et al.2003 Jul;189(1):295-304.)In 2006, ASCCP conducted a second Consensus Conference, using the same 29 partner groups and the multistep, evidence-based review process, to revise the 2001 guidelines. The 2006 guidelines were published in AJOG and the JLGTD.

Go here to see the original:
New Recommendations Released in Diagnosis of HPV-Associated Squamous Lesions

Prospective Comparison of Oncotype DX and Central Pathology Assessment Shows HER2 Discordance

Douglas Kell has been reappointed as chief executive and deputy chair of the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Minister for Universities and Science David Willetts said this week.

Kell has held the top post at BBSRC since 2008, and before that he was director of the Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology. He also has served as director of research at the Institute of Biological Sciences at the University of Aberystwyth, and he was a founding director of Aber Instruments. His research has included a range of topics including systems biology, analytical chemistry, and biochemical and data modeling.

The Institute for Systems Biology has appointed Robert Lipshutz to be chief business officer and senior VP for strategic partnerships. Lipshutz spent nearly two decades at Affymetrix in various roles focusing on business development, licensing, diagnostics, and emerging markets, and most recently as senior VP for corporate development.

Verinata Health CEO Caren Mason has resigned but will continue to provide the company with consultative services. Mason joined Verinata in November 2010. She was previously the president and CEO of Quidel, president and CEO of MiraMedica, CEO of eMed Technologies, and general manager of GE Healthcare. The firm plans to recruit a new CEO.

See original here:
Prospective Comparison of Oncotype DX and Central Pathology Assessment Shows HER2 Discordance

Nutrition and Culinary Duo Team Up with Avocados from Mexico to Share their Kitchen Expertise

FALLSTON, Md., July 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The Mexican Hass Avocado Importers Association (MHAIA) teamed up with Cheryl Forberg, RD, nutritionist for NBC's Biggest Loser Seasons 1-12, and chef Suvir Saran, contestant on Bravo's Top Chef MastersSeason 3and author to develop nutrition and culinary tips as part of the "Pantry Pointers and Prep With Cheryl and Suvir" Sweepstakes.

Avocado fans were able to enter the sweepstakes February 17th through May 7th at http://www.facebook.com/theamazingavocado or register at any of the 12 "Taste the WOW!" Mobile Tour stops around the country. Laurie Lichtenstein of Benbrook, Texas won a private nutrition consultation, cooking lesson, and food shopping instruction in her own home with Cheryl and Suvir. By utilizing the USDA's web tools that support the MyPlate initiative like SuperTracker, Cheryl helped Laurie set a path to healthier eating by incorporating whole grains, fruits and vegetables, healthy fats and lean proteins in a delicious and simple way. As a MyPlate Partner, MHAIA helps communicate key messages of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, such as encouraging half of our plates to be fruits and vegetables.

And while Laurie was chosen as the winner, everyone can benefit from learning from Cheryl and Suvir how avocados can fit into a healthy and flavorful lifestyle.

Play Kitchen Favorites "In addition to a knife, two of my go-to tools in the kitchen are an immersion blender, and a food processor," said Suvir. "You can make soups in a cinch or use the processor to make prep work a breeze. I organize my countertop around my most commonly used tools to help stay neat and save time."

Don't Go it Alone Many supermarkets now carry pre-prepped ingredients, like chopped garlic or julienned vegetables. "Take advantage of someone else doing the busy work," explained Cheryl. "Some time-consuming tasks, like mincing onion, can discourage people from making healthy decisions. So if you're short on time, using the pre-prepped ingredients is a great option!"

Swap Smart "One of the things I love most about cooking is that it allows me to be creative," shared Cheryl. "Start with something you make well and make small changes to slightly alter the texture, color, or main ingredient. For example, instead of pasta with a cream sauce, mix in a very ripe avocado and then season with salt, pepper and a dash of Parmesan cheese. You'll still have the familiar creaminess from the avocado, and you'll also have added nearly 20 vitamins and nutrients and the 'good' fats."

Slice, Twist, Pop "Avocados aren't as tricky to work with as they may appear," said Suvir. "Simply remember "Slice, Twist, Pop" and you're in! Slice the avocado lengthwise, using the pit to pivot your knife around. Twist the avocado halves in opposite directions to pull them apart. Pop the pit out using the tip of a knife. You can also slice an avocado in the skin (just don't go through the skin) to avoid mashing it with your knife while slicing. Finally, to store an unused avocado half, take the side with the pit and place plastic wrap directly onto the skin, wrap completely, and store in the refrigerator."

All in the Family "Get everyone in the family involved in the cooking process," advised Suvir. "Young children can help rinse vegetables, tweens can stir sauces, and older children can chop ingredients. Not only will your family appreciate the meal more, but you'll instill important lessons about healthy eating habits at a young age."

During her 12 seasons as the nutritionist for the Biggest Loser, Cheryl helped transform the lives of more than 250 contestants and reached thousands more online. Cheryl is not only a registered dietitian, but also a James Beard award winning chef, and is passionate about cooking with both nutrition and flavor in mind. She is the author of several books, including her newest cookbook, Flavor First. Cheryl can be found on Twitter: http://twitter.com/CherylForbergRD and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cherylforbergrd.

Suvir Saran is a peerless chef, teacher and public speaker. His restaurant, Devi, in New York was the first Indian restaurant in North America to earn a Michelin star. As chairman of the World Cuisines Council, Asian Studies Center for the Culinary Institute of America, Saran furthers his goal to bring mindful living and eating to those craving change or contemplating it. He wowed judges with his skill and integrity while on Bravo's Top Chef Masters Season 3 and is the author of three cookbooks. Suvir can be found on Twitter: https://twitter.com/suvirsaran and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/suvirsaran.

View post:
Nutrition and Culinary Duo Team Up with Avocados from Mexico to Share their Kitchen Expertise

Food Bars in the US: Cereal/Granola Bar and Energy/Nutrition Bar Trends

NEW YORK, July 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0833399/Food-Bars-in-the-US-Cereal/Granola-Bar-and-Energy/Nutrition-Bar-Trends.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Snack_and_Sweet

This Packaged Facts report examines the $5.7 billion U.S. retail market for food bars, classified into two categories: cereal/granola bars and energy/nutrition bars.

Food bars have been making noise in the marketplace recently, posting double-digit growth rates for successful product types. Reasons for this surge include a wave of new product launches, increased sophistication in marketing bars to different consumer sets, and continued innovation in delivery formats. Eating trends such as the blurring of meals and snacks and increasingly informal, spur-of-the-moment, and customized eating all favor the food bar market.This report is based on information gathered from primary, secondary, and syndicated sources. Primary research involved consultation with industry sources and a Packaged Facts online consumer survey conducted in February-March 2012. Secondary research involved the evaluation and comparison of data and information found in financial, trade, and government sources, as well as company media. Analysis also draws on mass-market sales-tracking data from SymphonyIRI and national consumer survey data from Experian Simmons.

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

Scope and Methodology

Food Bar Market Overview

Cereal Bars

Granola Bars

Energy/Nutrition Bars

Read more from the original source:
Food Bars in the US: Cereal/Granola Bar and Energy/Nutrition Bar Trends

Could The Naked Mole Rat Hold The Secret Of Longevity?

July 3, 2012

redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports Your Universe Online

The naked mole rat is well-known for its longer lifespan, living on average for 30 years. The East African native, when compared to humans, shows little sign of decline due to aging, maintaining high activity, bone health, reproductive capacity, and cognitive ability throughout its lifetime. Now a collaborative of researchers in Israel and the United States is working to uncover the secret to the small mammals long and very busy lifespan.

Dr. Dorothee Huchon of Tel Aviv Universitys Department of Zoology, Prof. Rochelle Buffenstein of the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, and Dr. Yael Edrey of the City College of New York are working together to determine whether the naked mole rats unusually high levels of NRG-1, a neuroprotecting protein, is behind the rodents three-decade life span. Because rodents have an 85 percent genetic similarity to humans, it may hold the key to a longer and healthier life for humans as well.

Genetic analysis comparing the mole rat with several other rodent species revealed that high levels NRG-1 in adults were linked to a longer life span. Of all the species the researchers studied, the naked mole rat had the most plentiful and enduring supply of the protein, maintaining a consistent level throughout its lifetime. It is concentrated in the part of the brain important to motor control.

Dr. Huchon, an evolutionary biologist, joined the project to lend her expertise on rodent genetics. She studied seven species of rodents, including guinea pigs, mice, and mole rats, to determine the genetic relationships between them. Her analysis revealed that the correlation between life span and NRG-1 levels was independent of evolutionary lineage meaning that it was unique to the naked mole rat, not a common trait of these rodent species.

Prof. Buffenstein and Edrey monitored NRG-1 levels in a population of naked mole rats ranging in age from one day to 26 years. They found that throughout their lives, levels of NRG-1, essential for normal brain functioning, were sustained. The protein is a neuroprotector, safeguarding the integrity of neurons, which may explain why naked mole rats are able to live so healthy and well for such a long of time.

This discovery is an important first step towards understanding how aging and the NRG-1 protein in particular functions in these interesting animals, says Dr. Huchon. Future research could reveal how NRG-1 helps to maintain neuron integrity and lead to discoveries about human aging as well.

The naked mole rat, a burrowing rodent that lives in colonies much like those of ants, has already proven to be an excellent tool for aging and biomedical research because it is resistant to cancer and maintains protein integrity in the brain despite being exposed to oxidative damage, Dr. Huchon says.

This research has been published in the journal Aging Cell.

Visit link:
Could The Naked Mole Rat Hold The Secret Of Longevity?

Genetic 911: Study examines how cells exploit gene sequences to cope with toxic stress

Toxic chemicals wreak havoc on cells, damaging DNA and other critical molecules. A new study from researchers at MIT and the University at Albany reveals how a molecular emergency-response system shifts the cell into damage-control mode and helps it survive such attacks by rapidly producing proteins that counteract the harm.

Peter Dedon, a professor of biological engineering at MIT, and colleagues had previously shown that cells treated with poisons such as arsenic alter their chemical modification of molecules known as transfer RNA (tRNA), which deliver protein building blocks within a cell. In their new paper, appearing in the July 3 issue of Nature Communications, the research team delved into how these modifications help cells survive.

The researchers found that toxic stresses reprogram the tRNA modifications to turn on a system that diverts the cell's protein-building machinery away from its routine activities to emergency action. "In the end, a stepwise mechanism leads to selective expression of proteins that you need to survive," says Dedon, senior author of the Nature Communications paper.

The findings offer insight into not only cells' response to toxins, but also their reactions to all kinds of stimuli, such as nutrients or hormones, Dedon says. "We're proposing that any time there's a stimulus, you're going to have a reprogramming [of tRNA] that causes selective translation of proteins you need for the next step in whatever you're going to do," he says.

Lead author of the paper is recent MIT PhD recipient Clement Chan. Other MIT authors are postdocs Yan Ling Joy Pang and Wenjun Deng and research scientist Ramesh Indrakanti. Authors from the University at Albany are Thomas Begley, an associate professor of nanobioscience, and research scientist Madhu Dyavaiah.

A new role for RNA

Transfer RNA is made of 70 to 90 ribonucleotide building blocks. After synthesis, the ribonucleotides usually undergo dozens of chemical modifications that alter their structure and function. The primary job of tRNA is to bring amino acids to the ribosomes, which string them together to make proteins.

In a 2010 paper, Dedon and colleagues exposed yeast cells to different toxic chemicals, including hydrogen peroxide, bleach and arsenic. In each case, the cells responded by uniquely reprogramming the location and amount of each tRNA modification. If the cells lost the ability to reprogram the modifications, they were much less likely to survive the toxic attack.

In the new study, the researchers focused on a particular tRNA modification, known as m5C, which occurs when cells encounter hydrogen peroxide, a chemical produced by white blood cells.

They first discovered that this modification occurs predominantly in one of the tRNAs that carry the amino acid leucine. Every amino acid is encoded by three-letter sequences in the genome called codons. Each tRNA corresponds to one amino acid, but most amino acids can be coded by several tRNA sequences. For example, leucine can be coded by six different genome sequences: TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA and CTG.

See original here:
Genetic 911: Study examines how cells exploit gene sequences to cope with toxic stress

Genetic 911: Cells’ emergency systems revealed

ScienceDaily (July 3, 2012) oxic chemicals wreak havoc on cells, damaging DNA and other critical molecules. A new study from researchers at MIT and the University at Albany reveals how a molecular emergency-response system shifts the cell into damage-control mode and helps it survive such attacks by rapidly producing proteins that counteract the harm.

Peter Dedon, a professor of biological engineering at MIT, and colleagues had previously shown that cells treated with poisons such as arsenic alter their chemical modification of molecules known as transfer RNA (tRNA), which deliver protein building blocks within a cell. In their new paper, appearing in the July 3 issue of Nature Communications, the research team delved into how these modifications help cells survive.

The researchers found that toxic stresses reprogram the tRNA modifications to turn on a system that diverts the cell's protein-building machinery away from its routine activities to emergency action. "In the end, a stepwise mechanism leads to selective expression of proteins that you need to survive," says Dedon, senior author of the Nature Communications paper.

The findings offer insight into not only cells' response to toxins, but also their reactions to all kinds of stimuli, such as nutrients or hormones, Dedon says. "We're proposing that any time there's a stimulus, you're going to have a reprogramming [of tRNA] that causes selective translation of proteins you need for the next step in whatever you're going to do," he says.

Lead author of the paper is recent MIT PhD recipient Clement Chan. Other MIT authors are postdocs Yan Ling Joy Pang and Wenjun Deng and research scientist Ramesh Indrakanti. Authors from the University at Albany are Thomas Begley, an associate professor of nanobioscience, and research scientist Madhu Dyavaiah.

A new role for RNA

Transfer RNA is made of 70 to 90 ribonucleotide building blocks. After synthesis, the ribonucleotides usually undergo dozens of chemical modifications that alter their structure and function. The primary job of tRNA is to bring amino acids to the ribosomes, which string them together to make proteins.

In a 2010 paper, Dedon and colleagues exposed yeast cells to different toxic chemicals, including hydrogen peroxide, bleach and arsenic. In each case, the cells responded by uniquely reprogramming the location and amount of each tRNA modification. If the cells lost the ability to reprogram the modifications, they were much less likely to survive the toxic attack.

In the new study, the researchers focused on a particular tRNA modification, known as m5C, which occurs when cells encounter hydrogen peroxide, a chemical produced by white blood cells.

They first discovered that this modification occurs predominantly in one of the tRNAs that carry the amino acid leucine. Every amino acid is encoded by three-letter sequences in the genome called codons. Each tRNA corresponds to one amino acid, but most amino acids can be coded by several tRNA sequences. For example, leucine can be coded by six different genome sequences: TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA and CTG.

View post:
Genetic 911: Cells' emergency systems revealed

AWI not OK with DNA

THE cost of DNA testing appears to be behind Australian Wool Innovation cutting off funds to its nucleus flock.

In a letter to its levypayers AWI said cost would deter DNA testing by stud breeders.

"The cost of genotyping is currently in the order of $130 and would have to drop to about $20 before a significant uptake is expected, " AWI chief executive Stuart McCullough and chairman Wal Merriman said in the letter.

Late last year AWI was asked to contribute $4.8 million to a nine-year program costing almost $13 million and involving a 6000-head flock joined over five years and four subsequent years of measurements.

At the time the Sheep Co-operative Research Centre paid $150 for a test that provided a parentage, detection of single gene traits such as pollness and predictions for a range of traits for wool and carcass quality, fertility and parasite resistance.

But Victorian Department of Primary Industries geneticist Dr Ben Hay said DNA costings were falling sharply worldwide.

Dr Hay said the cost of reading DNA had dropped by more than $100 in the past five years.

"And we can expect even greater reductions in the next couple of years," Dr Hay said.

Although AWI quoted a $130 test cost in its letter of last week, Sheep CRC chief executive Dr James Rowe said it had contracted a price of $110 for this year's pilot program and stud breeders would pay a subsidised rate of $50.

"We reckon it will be down to $50 next year," he said.

More here:
AWI not OK with DNA

Posted in DNA

Korle Bu DNA Centre to help unravel crimes

Health News of Tuesday, 3 July 2012

Source: Daily Graphic

The DNA Centre at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital says it has the facilities to assist the law enforcement agencies in the detection of crime.

It said its machines could determine the identity of criminals by extracting DNA from saliva, hair, blood, semen or any other bodily fluid left at a crime scene or on the victims by the perpetrators.

The Director of the centre, Dr Bartholomew Dzudzor, told graphic.com.gh that unfortunately, however, officials at the centre had not been trained in the collection of forensic samples from crime scenes, adding that the centre would be willing to partner the police if the police could perform that task.

He explained that during the commission of violent crimes, such as murder, kidnapping, rape, robbery, among other things, minute traces of blood and other bodily fluids, as well as hair, were left at the crime scene.

He said what was needed was well-trained forensic experts to carefully collect those samples, adding that extreme caution was essential to ensure that the samples were not contaminated.

According to him, DNA extracted from the samples would then be compared to the DNA of suspects and if they matched, the suspects could then be charged with the crime.

DNA may point at an individual and yet he or she may not be the perpetrator of the crime only if he or she was a homozygous (identical) twin, he said, adding that homozygous twins were formed from the same egg and, therefore, had similar DNA.

See original here:
Korle Bu DNA Centre to help unravel crimes

Posted in DNA

Global DNA Probes-Based Diagnostics Industry

NEW YORK, July 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Global DNA Probes-Based Diagnostics Industry

http://www.reportlinker.com/p098404/Global-DNA-Probes-Based-Diagnostics-Industry.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Diagnosti

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for DNA Probes-based Diagnostics in US$ Million by the following Application Areas: Infectious Diseases, Cancer Testing, Genetic Predisposition, Identity/Forensics, Molecular HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) Typing, and Others. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for the period 2009 through 2017. Also, a six-year historic analysis is provided for these markets. The report profiles 63 companies including many key and niche players such as Abbott Laboratories, Affymetrix, Inc., Becton, Dickinson & Company, Beckman Coulter, Inc., bioMerieux, Celera Group, Gen-Probe Incorporated, Genzyme Corporation, Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, QIAGEN, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are primarily based upon search engine sources in the public domain.

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONSStudy Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1Disclaimers I-2Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-3Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3Infectious Diseases I-4Cancer I-4Genetic Predisposition I-4Identity/Forensics I-4Molecular HLA Testing I-4Other Diagnostic Applications I-4II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET DYNAMICS II-1

Industry Overview II-1

DNA Probes: Robust Growth Ahead II-1

Decoding the Genetic Puzzle II-1

Advantages of DNA-Probe Tests II-2

Go here to read the rest:
Global DNA Probes-Based Diagnostics Industry

Posted in DNA

Travel Tags Named PEAK 2012 Grand Award Winner for the Plastic Cards – Gift Cards Category

INVER GROVE HEIGHTS, Minn., July 2, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Travel Tags, Inc. and Nordstrom were honored at the 2012 Print Excellence and Knowledge (PEAK) Awards and selected as the Grand Award winner in PEAK's "Plastic Cards - Gift Cards" category for their Blades of Grass Gift Card. The Awards were hosted by the Print Services and Distribution Association (PSDA).

The card was printed for Nordstrom, and was designed by fashion designer Ruben Toledo. Travel Tags' production experts came up with a construction that made the artwork come to life. The card was constructed in a unique manner using a right read, wrong read technique with foil attached to the back. It allows the card to have a 3D feel and a good sense of depth without having to use a 3D lenticular lens. It also gives the cardholder the illusion of blades of grass swaying in the wind.

"When you're in this business, you see a lot of great-looking cards ... but every now and then, there's one that really stands out as 'special.' This was one of those cards. The moment it came off press, we were all smiles and knew that the Blades of Grass Gift Card was going to be a memorable design. It was a lot of fun working through the design concepts with our customer and creating a construction that would enhance their design. We were all so pleased with how this one came out," said Jodi Belden, Sales Representative at Travel Tags, Inc.

Image: http://www.ereleases.com/pic/2012-Blades-of-Grass-Gift-Card.jpg

The PEAK Awards is a prestigious competition that honors the work of print professionals who have met their customers' printing needs by providing outstanding value-added products and services through creativity in design, production, fulfillment and other services while solving problems or improving business functions.

ABOUT TRAVEL TAGS, INC.

Travel Tags, Inc. is a world leader in developing and delivering unique and innovative solutions centered around card printing, personalization and fulfillment, specialty and dimensional printing. Travel Tags, Inc. serves as an umbrella over strategically located specialty print studios, sales offices and manufacturing facilities. The company has more than 40 years of printing experience and is the world's leading provider of high-quality lenticular and custom-printed plastics.

For more information on Travel Tags, Inc., including examples of our work, check out our website at: http://www.traveltags.com

ABOUT THE PRINT SERVICES AND DISTRIBUTION ASSOCIATION

The Print Services and Distribution Association (PSDA) is the exclusive non-profit professional association dedicated to enhancing the success of the distributor channel for business communications, including print, marketing and related services. PSDA is the oldest and largest non-profit association in the industry - our members include distributors, trade printers, suppliers and technology partners working together to provide differentiated solutions to end-user customers. PSDA members comprise a broad network of supply chain partners representing nearly 1,000 companies and more than 10,000 active participants who account for more than $5 billion in combined annual sales. Learn more about PSDA at http://www.psda.org

Read more:

Travel Tags Named PEAK 2012 Grand Award Winner for the Plastic Cards - Gift Cards Category

Science on TV Boosting U.S. Fascination with Space, Spirituality

Science on TV Boosting U.S. Fascination with Space, Spirituality

Science on TV Boosting U.S. Fascination

with Space, Spirituality

Expert Points to Science-Validated Answers in Ancient Texts

Thanks to popular documentaries and programs like Fearless Planet and Through the Wormhole on TVs Discovery and Science Channel, studying the universe is no longer reserved for academicians in lecture halls.

Because filmmakers and producers have made it entertaining and present science in language everyone can understand, theres an increased interest in the genesis of the universe, and its future, says Sanjay C. Patel, (www.SanjayCPatel.com), author of God Is Real, a book that explores similarities between modern science and ancient cosmology.

What many people dont realize, says Patel, is that ancient Indian yogis, Israelites and early Christians all agreed on the origins of life and the universe. Moreover, new studies indicate many of their ancient beliefs correspond with the findings of modern science

For instance, the scientific age of the universe is 13.7 billion years old, says Patel. When comparing this age to the Bible, if it is divided into six equal days spanning 2.28 billion years each, biblical Genesiss timeline across all seven days suddenly corresponds with past and future episodes in our galaxy and Earth. In total, 21 major correspondences emerge.

One among them is the following timeline:

Science says: the Sun and moon formed about 4.6 to 4.5 billion years ago.

Read more:

Science on TV Boosting U.S. Fascination with Space, Spirituality