Is There Enough Time For Humans to have Evolved from Apes? Dr. Ann Gauger Answers – Video


Is There Enough Time For Humans to have Evolved from Apes? Dr. Ann Gauger Answers
Ann Gauger is Senior Research Scientist at Biologic Institute. She received her Ph.D. in developmental biology from the University of Washington and was a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University. Science Human Origins (www.discoveryinstitutepress.com the provocative new book from Discovery Institute Press, boldly addresses some of the most popular evolutionary arguments pertaining to controversial claims that humans and apes are related through common ancestry. In Science Human Origins three scientists challenge the claim that undirected natural selection is capable of building a human being. The authors critically assess fossil and genetic evidence that human beings share a common ancestor with apes, and debunk recent claims that the human race could not have started from an original couple.From:DiscoveryInstituteViews:2 0ratingsTime:02:45More inScience Technology

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Is There Enough Time For Humans to have Evolved from Apes? Dr. Ann Gauger Answers - Video

VCU Sturgeon Research Study – Video


VCU Sturgeon Research Study
There it was, gently coasting along the shallow waters of the James River just below the urban backdrop of the Richmond City skyline -- a giant prehistoric fish that had once swam with the dinosaurs. The rare sighting of an Atlantic sturgeon, one of the oldest species of fish in the world, just under the 14th Street Bridge in downtown Richmond last month generated a lot of excitement. Even more compelling during that same week was the discovery of the first fall spawning female -- there were eggs in the water everywhere. Coincidentally, folks down on the Roanoke River came across a very similar scene. No one could be happier about the find than Matt Balazik, a doctoral candidate at Virginia Commonwealth University. He made the initial discovery of the spawning female and eggs in the James. Balazik is part of a research team at the VCU Center for Environmental Studies and VCU Inger and Walter Rice Center studying the Atlantic sturgeon to learn more about its life history and biology in an effort to protect and restore it to the coastal rivers of Virginia. "We now have proof that there is fall spawning sturgeon in the James," said Greg Garman, Ph.D., who has been instrumental in leading the sturgeon restoration efforts at VCU, and director of the VCU Center for Environmental Studies. "... within the sturgeon world, this kind of news is a big deal ... It #39;s an aspect of the biology and life history that is brand new, and one that could have big impact on the recovery plans ...From:VCUViews:12 0ratingsTime:03:06More inEducation

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The Brain of Homo Digitalis: Mohammed El Majdoubi PHD at TEDx Marin 2012 – Video


The Brain of Homo Digitalis: Mohammed El Majdoubi PHD at TEDx Marin 2012
The impact of digital technologies on the Human Brain. Dr. Mohammed El Majdoubi is a Professor of Neuroscience at Dominican University of California, expert in brain development and plasticity, and father of 3 digital natives. He holds a BS in Physiology (1991), a MS (1992) and a Ph.D. in Neuroscience Pharmacology (1996) with a focus on neuroplasticity from the University of Bordeaux, France. Dr. Majdoubi came to the United States in 1997 to work as a Research Associate studying the neurobiology of puberty at the University of Pittsburgh Primate Center, before joining the University of California San Francisco in 2000 as an Assistant Research Scientist and Director of the Morphology Core Facility. He joined the faculty of Dominican University of California in 2005, where he serves as an Associate Professor of Neurobiology. His current research is focused on the neuronal differentiation of stem cells. Dr. Majdoubi has published 18 peer-reviewed scientific publications and has given 25 presentations at international meetings. He teaches a broad array of courses, including, among others, Neuroscience, Stem Cell Biology, Ethics, Research Methodology, Human Physiology and Cell Imaging Technology in the Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. He also teaches courses for the Honors Program and the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute. Dr. Majdoubi was honored by his students with the Dominican Teacher of the Year Award in 2009. In thespirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx ...From:TEDxTalksViews:62 4ratingsTime:15:28More inScience Technology

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My work experience in health-food store. – Video


My work experience in health-food store.
I #39;m doing work experience in a health food store (this is my 2nd day) for my college course, Applied biology -food, health and nutrition. Sorry about the whispering, (and for not looking the best.lol.)..I have a bit of a soar throat, as was at a haunted house the night before doing a lot of screaming. lol I #39;m finding work experience very interesting and enjoyable, I could live happily in this health food store!From:themollykennedyshowViews:2 1ratingsTime:01:06More inEducation

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Dr. Robert Sapolsky – Biology and Human Behavior – Lecture 6 – Video


Dr. Robert Sapolsky - Biology and Human Behavior - Lecture 6
When are we responsible for our own actions, and when are we in the grip of biological forces beyond our control? This intriguing question is the scientific province of behavioral biology, a field that explores interactions among the brain, mind, body, and environment that have a surprising influence on how we behave mdash;from the people we fall in love with, to the intensity of our spiritual lives, to the degree of our aggressive impulses. In short, it is the study of how our brains make us the individuals that we are. Biology and Human Behavior: The Neurological Origins of Individuality, 2nd Edition, is an interdisciplinary approach to this fascinating subject. In 24 lectures, you will investigate how the human brain is sculpted by evolution, constrained or freed by genes, shaped by early experience, modulated by hormones, and otherwise influenced to produce a wide range of behaviors, some of them abnormal. You will see that little can be explained by thinking about any one of these factors alone because some combination of influences is almost always at work.From:heretichickViews:0 0ratingsTime:30:32More inEducation

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Dr. Robert Sapolsky - Biology and Human Behavior - Lecture 6 - Video

Elephant learns to speak Korean – Video


Elephant learns to speak Korean
Elephant learns to speak Korean Meet Koshik, the Asian elephant who learnt to speak Korean after five years at Everland Zoo in South Korea. An Asian elephant named Koshik can imitate human speech by placing his trunk in his mouth. In this video, Koshik can be heard saying "choah" which means "good" in Korean. The word can be readily understood by those who know the language. Reasearchers for Current Biology have found that Koshik #39;s vocabulary consists of exactly five words. He can also say "annyong" ("hello"), "anja" ("sit down"), "nuo" ("lie down") and "aniya" ("no"). Scientists hope that Koshik #39;s language skills may provide important insights into the biology and evolution of human speech and music. There have been some earlier reports of vocal mimicry in both African and Asian elephants. African elephants have been known to imitate the sound of truck engines, and a male Asian elephant living in a zoo in Kazakhstan was said to produce utterances in both Russian and Kazakh, but that case was never scientifically investigated.From:CMA2012ShowViews:0 0ratingsTime:00:26More inPets Animals

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Social Network Helps Students Learn

Muskogee High School biology teacher Harland Warrior encourages certain social networking in his class.

There's no Tweeting or Facebook. Instead, he links with students through the academic social network My Big Campus. The online network enables students to communicate with the teacher and other students, as well as access teacher notes and subject-related videos at any time.

Warrior said it presents science and other subjects in a way students find familiar.

"We're playing their game now," Warrior said. "It's technology."

Warrior said he has used the My Big Campus network for about four weeks. He calls it his "communications hub."

"I have all my notes on Word or PowerPoint, so if you want to take my biology class at home, you can take it at home," he said.

Sophomore Bailee Hendrickson said she keeps up with class announcements on the network.

"It's so we can see what we're doing in class," Bailee said. "We can talk to each other through the network."

She said the teacher posts notes on the network's "wall."

"We'll go back and look at them and study," she said. "If you miss a day of school, you can look on it (the class wall)."

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Social Network Helps Students Learn

UK Pledges $16M for Center to Boost Synthetic Biology Business

The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences has elected 70 new members including Lynda Chin, Stephen Quake, and Daniel Kastner. Chin is currently a professor and chair of genomic medicine and scientific director of the Institute for Applied Cancer Science at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Quake is a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Kastner is the scientific director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, where, among other duties, he leads the inflammatory disease section of the medical genetics branch.

Caprotec Bioanalytics has appointed Jonathan Turner to be CEO and managing director. Turner will take over the CEO spot from company founder Hubert Koester, who will continue to work with the company as acting chief scientific officer and chairman of the scientific advisory board. Turner formerly was senior VP at XL Techgroup, a technology developer and equity firm, and he held senior management posts at Boehringer Ingelheim, Astrazeneca, and Schering.

Bill Bowen has been appointed by Sequenom SVP and general counsel. He will report directly to Chairman and CEO Harry Hixson and will be responsible for the company's legal and patent issues. Bowen was previously with Gen-Probe, where he was SVP and general counsel. Before that he was a business litigation partner at Luce Forward Hamilton & Scripps.

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UK Pledges $16M for Center to Boost Synthetic Biology Business

Music in our ears: The science of timbre

Public release date: 1-Nov-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Mounya Elhilali mounya@jhu.edu 410-516-8185 Public Library of Science

New research, published in PLOS Computational Biology, offers insight into the neural underpinnings of musical timbre. Mounya Elhilali, of Johns Hopkins University and colleagues have used mathematical models based on experiments in both animals and humans to accurately predict sound source recognition and perceptual timbre judgments by human listeners.

A major contributor to our ability to analyze music and recognize instruments is the concept known as 'timbre'. Timbre is a hard-to-quantify concept loosely defined as everything in music that isn't duration, loudness or pitch. For instance, timbre comes into play when we are able to instantly decide whether a sound is coming from a violin or a piano.

The researchers at The John Hopkins University set out to develop a mathematical model that would simulate how the brain works when it receives auditory signals, how it looks for specific features and whether something is there that allows the brain to discern these different qualities.

The authors devised a computer model to accurately mimic how specific brain regions transform sounds into the nerve impulses that allow us to recognize the type of sounds we are listening to. The model was able to correctly identify which instrument was playing (out of a total of 13 instruments) to an accuracy rate of 98.7 percent.

The model mirrored how human listeners make judgment calls regarding timbre. The researchers asked 20 people to listen to two sounds played by different musical instruments. The listeners were then asked to rate how similar the sounds seemed. A violin and a cello are perceived as closer to each other than a violin and a flute. The researchers also found that wind and percussive instruments tend to overall be the most different from each other, followed by strings and percussions, then strings and winds. These subtle judgments of timbre quality were also reproduced by the computer model.

"There is much to be learned from how the human brain processes complex information such as musical timbre and translating this knowledge into improved computer systems and hearing technologies", Elhilali said.

###

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: This work was partly supported by grants from NSF CAREER IIS-0846112, AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0234, NIH 1R01AG036424-01 and ONR N000141010278. S. Shamma was partly supported by a Blaise-Pascal Chair, Region Ile de France, and by the program Research in Paris, Mairie de Paris. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Music in our ears: The science of timbre

How and why herpes viruses reactivate to cause disease

Public release date: 31-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Cody Mooneyhan cmooneyhan@faseb.org 301-634-7104 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

The mere mention of the word "herpes" usually conjures negative images and stereotypes, but most people have been infected with some form of the virus. For most, a sore appears, heals and is forgotten, although the virus remains latent just waiting for the right circumstances to come back. Now, the mystery behind what triggers the virus to become active again is closer to being solved thanks to new research published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology's November 2012 issue. In the report, scientists show how the immune system may lose its control over the virus when facing new microbial threats, such as when it must fend off other viral invaders or bacteria.

"Because almost all people are infected by one or more herpes family viruses during their lifetime, the potential impact of these findings are significant," said Charles H. Cook, M.D., FACS, FCCM, director of surgical critical care at The Ohio State University College of Medicine in Columbus, Ohio, and a researcher involved in the work. "We hope that by understanding how these latent viral infections are controlled that we can prevent reactivation events and improve people's lives."

To make this discovery, researchers studied mice with latent herpes family cytomegalovirus (CMV) during severe bacterial infections. They found that T-cells responsible for CMV control were reduced significantly during a new infection with bacteria. This, in effect, reduced the "brakes" which kept the virus under control, allowing the virus to reactivate and cause disease. When the immune system eventually sensed the reactivation, the memory T-cell levels returned to normal, effectively restoring the body's control over the virus.

"Finding ways to control herpes flare ups is important, not only for the health of the person with the virus, but also for preventing its transmission," said John Wherry, Ph.D., Deputy Editor of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology. "This report highlights the important interplay when we are 'co-infected' with more than one microbe and provides important insights into why the immune system sometimes fails as well as how it can regain control of latent herpes virus infections."

###

The Journal of Leukocyte Biology publishes peer-reviewed manuscripts on original investigations focusing on the cellular and molecular biology of leukocytes and on the origins, the developmental biology, biochemistry and functions of granulocytes, lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes and other cells involved in host defense and inflammation. The Journal of Leukocyte Biology is published by the Society for Leukocyte Biology.

Details: Jonathan Campbell, Joanne Trgovcich, Michelle Kincaid, Peter D. Zimmerman, Paul Klenerman, Stuart Sims, and Charles H. Cook. Transient CD8-memory contraction: a potential contributor to latent cytomegalovirus reactivation. J Leukoc Biol 92:933-937; doi:10.1189/jlb.1211635 ; http://www.jleukbio.org/content/92/5/933.abstract

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How and why herpes viruses reactivate to cause disease

Soil biology is key to saving fertility

Complacency is costing us some of our best soils, says ecologist and educator Nicole Masters.

New Zealand is losing 11 tonnes of topsoil per hectare a year, more than 10 times the global average, she said during a recent Beef + Lamb New Zealand field day held at Claire Parkes and Simon Vincent's farm near Wakefield in the Nelson region, and attended by about 35 farmers.

"We live in one of the most blessed soil environments in the world.

"We are fertile, we have good carbon and beautiful rainfall, but we are losing all this topsoil and it's not sustainable."

Australia, where she did a lot of work attempting to restore soils depleted by sedimentation, was paying the price for a lack of action.

She wants farmers here to be proactive and take a more holistic approach to managing their properties.

Many already knew through keen observation much of what needed to be done and just required help "putting all the pieces of the puzzle together".

Masters, a director of Integrity Soils and spokeswoman for the Association of Biological Farmers, said focusing on soil health was not only good for the environment, but made economic sense.

"If you are not looking after your underground workforce, it will cost you in fertiliser use and retention, erosion control, sedimentation and water quality."

Many animal health and weed problems could be traced back to the soil, she said.

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Soil biology is key to saving fertility

Biology student at Pa.'s Mercyhurst brews own beer

ERIE, Pa. (AP) Mercyhurst University senior Drew Spacht grew up in a beer-loving household.

His grandfather owned a beer distributor in North East. His father has been a home brewer for 15 years.

So, when he found out his school was growing fresh hops, he did what came natural.

He found a way to make beer.

Again and again.

Spacht, a 21-year-old biology major, recently bottled his third batch of 'Hurst Pale Ale in the kitchen of his parents' Harborcreek home.

He's expecting good results.

"I liked the second batch more than the first," Spacht said. "I've tweaked the recipe a little bit each time. I'm never totally satisfied with what I do."

He describes the beer as an "inviting" medium-bodied beer with a citrus aroma.

The first beer brewed by the Mercyhurst student was distributed to school administrators and professors in spring 2011.

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Biology student at Pa.'s Mercyhurst brews own beer

Neanderthal Babies All Around: Synthetic Biology Is Closer Than You Think

George Churchhe of the beard, tall mans lope and overwhelming credentialshas hit the circuit to promote a new book: Regenesis: How Synthetic Biology Will Reinvent Nature and Ourselves. As the title explains, the book explores the field of synthetic biology, which centers on how man can program DNA to create things ranging from new fuels to seeds that grow into fully-formed houses. This subject often veers into the fanciful, and Church keeps up that tradition. Yet when he says things about bringing Neanderthals back to life, you have to take notice instead of chuckling.

For about the last 35 years, Church has been at the cutting edge of genetics and radical biology in academic and entrepreneurial settings. Today, hes the professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, the super-sought-after adviser to more than 20 companies in genetics and synthetic biology, and co-founder of a handful of companies. Church, 58, relishes the academic side of his work and has scores of researchers doing cutting-edge stuff at his Harvard lab. That said, he likes to make sure that people see him as a man of action and not just some big brain in an ivory tower. I still do things with my own hands, he says.

Regenesis opens with some fairly fantastic notions. For one, theres talk of going all Jurassic Park on the world and bringing mammoths and other creatures back from extinction. Why would we want to do such a thing? Well, it turns out that mammoths clomped around in the tundra and stopped trees from growing and taking over vast grasslands. The increase in trees since their disappearance has contributed to warmer temperatures because the trees dont reflect light or consume carbon dioxide as well as grass. We need practical reasons as well as inspirational ones with this technology, Church says.

The thought experiment turns more intriguing when the subject of Neanderthals comes up. Church has tests running in the lab around Neanderthal cells as he tries to determine what this species might have looked and acted like. I am 3.8 percent Neanderthal, says Church, who has had his genome sequenced. One of my ancestors mated with a Neanderthal, and I am not embarrassed by that.

Church figures its only a matter of time and proven safety before people start picking out traits for their offspring and cloning entire children. Almost all technology in this area is banned until it works, Church says. In vitro fertilization was banned, and now it is immoral to deny an infertile couple their birthright to have a child produced by their bodies. At some point, someone will come up with an airtight argument as to why they should have a cloned child. At that point, cloning will be acceptable. At that point, people will already be choosing traits for their children. What politician will tell a parent that they cant spend their hard-earned money on getting an extra 50 SAT points for their child as long as its safe?

Right, but what about the Neanderthals? I cant let that one go.

We have lots of Neanderthal parts around the lab. We are creating Neanderthal cells. Lets say someone has a healthy, normal Neanderthal baby. Well, then, everyone will want to have a Neanderthal kid. Were they superstrong or supersmart? Who knows? But theres one way to find out.

While controversy often accompanies such talk, Church says hes avoided slings and arrows throughout his career. Ive been bracing for the backlash for 20 years, he says. Its important to have discussions about these complex issues early and in a rational manner before the technology gets ahead of the talk, he adds. Lets do some safety engineering first and come up with some solutions to problems, he says.

How far off is this brave new world? Well, according to Church, probably not far at all. The cheap human genome was supposed to arrive 50 years from now, he says. It arrived this year. What if a cheap Neanderthal or mammoth arrives 50 years ahead of time?

Church reckons that training seeds to grow into chairs or houses should be well within in our reach. Trees are essentially growing chairs, he says. There are lots of primates that sit and sleep in them. Thats not visionary.

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Neanderthal Babies All Around: Synthetic Biology Is Closer Than You Think

Evolutionary biology: Researchers solve toll-receptor puzzle

ScienceDaily (Oct. 31, 2012) The puzzle about the ancestral function of toll-receptors has been solved. For more than 25 years, researchers from medicine and biology have been studying toll-receptors, revealing functions in immune defence on the one hand and developmental biology on the other. A research team from Kiel University (Germany) is now reporting that toll-receptors have primarily served to identify germs and to control bacterial colonisation of organisms -- typical immune defence functions.

The study was now published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and has implications for human medical research.

Studying cnidarians, we were able to show that toll-receptors have been involved in immune defence already in this evolutionarily old phylum and that cnidarians can therefore serve as model organisms for human immunology research," says Thomas Bosch from the Zoological Institute of Kiel University who led the project. Toll receptors exist in many animal species as well as humans. Cnidarians are convenient research objects, because they live in plain aquaria, have a simple genome, and can be examined easily in experiments. Furthermore, they live in association with few types of bacteria compared to humans. As many fundamental research questions in medicine cannot be studied directly in humans, for ethical and practical reasons, fundamental toll-receptor research can now be carried out with cnidarians instead.

With two Nobel Prizes dedicated to toll-receptor research in recent history, the topic has proven to be of major importance for science and society. In 1985, the so-called toll-receptors were first discovered as a key factor in embryonic development of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). For these findings, Christiane Nsslein-Volhard, Edward Lewis und Eric Wieschaus were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize for medicine. Toll-receptors again received much attention in science when researchers discovered a new function: in both the fruit fly as well vertebrate animals -- evolutionarily much younger than insects -- the toll-receptor helped to identify germs. Biologists Jules Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler and Ralph Steinmann received the Novel Prize for medicine for these astonishing results in 2011.

Scientifically, the subsequent question was: Which function -- regulation of embryonic development or immune defence -- was first in evolution? In order to solve this puzzle, scientists of Kiel University in cooperation with Max-Planck-Institute of Evolutionary Biology Pln studied the function of toll receptors in an evolutionarily very old group, cnidarians, that have been existing for more than 600 million years. The scientists compared morbidity and bacterial colonisation of regular and genetically modified polyps of the genus Hydra. The study resulted in strong evidence for immunobiological functioning of the toll-receptors, implying that developmental functions of the toll-receptor are characteristic of insects, which are evolutionarily much younger.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Evolutionary biology: Researchers solve toll-receptor puzzle

Sapphire Energy and Institute of Systems Biology Partner on Commercial Algae Production

SAN DIEGO, Nov. 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Sapphire Energy, a world leader in producing crude oil from algae, and Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), the pioneers of the cross-disciplinary and integrative systems approach to research, today announced a strategic partnership to further the scientific research and development of algae biofuels. Through this partnership, the companies will focus on applying systems biology solutions to algae with the goal of significantly increasing oil yield and improving resistance to crop predators and environmental factors in order to further the advancement of commercialized algae biofuel production.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120402/SF80367LOGO)

"Sapphire is dealing with one of the most complicated problems known to humans: how to make fuel from a renewable resource," said Nitin Baliga, director of Integrative Biology at ISB."Together, we have complementary expertise that willallow us to understand, reverse engineer and rationally alter the gene networks for fuel production in algae."

"Sapphire Energy has developed the premier biotechnology platform for producing and harvesting algae which we see as having incredible biological potential," said Alex Aravanis, chief science officer (CSO) at Sapphire Energy. "By working with ISB to apply their systems biology approach, we're able to more rapidly identify genes and regulatory pathways that can increase yield and move us toward our goal of making Green Crude a market viable, crude oil alternative."

"Sapphire has embarked on one of the most exciting new technologies of our decade to produce crude oil from algae at scale," said Leroy Hood, president of Institute for Systems Biology. "By linking Sapphire's expertise in algae with ISB's cross disciplinary approach to biology, we hope to reverse engineer the gene networks in algae and create strategies that will significantly improve the yield of green oil and crop protection and reduce significantly the time to market."

Sapphire Energy produces algae crude oil, known as Green Crude, which is renewable, low carbon and can be refined using typical refinery configurations into Naphtha, diesel and kerosene (jet fuel). Today, the company has pioneered much of the science along the algae-to-energy value chain from biology, cultivation, harvest and extraction. The company recently began operating the first phase of its 300-acre commercial demonstration Green Crude Farm, also known as an Integrated Algal Bio-Refinery, in Columbus, New Mexico, in partnership with the US Department of Energy. The Green Crude Farm is expected to produce approximately 100 barrels of Green Crude per day, and be completed the end of 2014.

In addition, Sapphire Energy operates a 22-acre research and development facility in Las Cruces, New Mexico, where it can swiftly develop new technology and apply it from bench to demonstration scale. In previous pilot activities, the company successfully provided Green Crude oil that was used to produce jet fuel for the first flights using algae-derived jet fuel, including a Continental Airlines 737-800 and a Japan Airlines 747-300.

ISB, a world leader in systems biology, combines the massive amounts of different kinds of data that can be generated with today's high throughput biology to build detailed genetic models of complex processes, such as crude oil production by algae. These models can then be validated and used to make predictions about how to change the algae or their environment to improve yield and overall crop performance.

About Sapphire Energy: San Diego-based Sapphire Energy is pioneering an entirely new industry Green Crude production with the potential to profoundly change America's energy and petrochemical landscape for the better. Sapphire's products and processes in this category differ significantly from other forms of biofuel because they are made solely from photosynthetic microorganisms (algae and cyanobacteria), using sunlight and CO2 as their feedstock; are not dependent on food crops or valuable farmland; do not use potable water; do not result in biodiesel or ethanol; enhance and replace petroleum-based products; are compatible with existing infrastructure; and are low carbon, renewable and scalable. Sapphire has an R&D facility in Las Cruces, New Mexico, and is currently operating the first Integrated Algal Bio-Refinery in Columbus, New Mexico. For more information, visit http://www.sapphireenergy.com or:

About ISB: The Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) is a world-renowned, non-profit research institute headquartered in Seattle that is dedicated to the study and application of systems biology. Founded in 2000,ISB seeks to unravel the mysteries of biology while identifying strategies for predicting and preventing diseases, solving energy and environmental issues, and improving K-12 science education. ISB's systems approach integrates biology, computation and technological development, enabling scientists to analyze all elements in a biological system rather than one gene or protein at a time. ISB has 11 faculty members and about 230 staff.

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Sapphire Energy and Institute of Systems Biology Partner on Commercial Algae Production

Fukushima is only a ( PRIMER )(mirrored from stoney) – Video


Fukushima is only a ( PRIMER )(mirrored from stoney)
watch the links to understand where this fallout is taking us!!youtube is sensoring his video so im copying it please like so it will spread to others.. http://www.youtube.com Primer (molecular biology) A primer is a strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. They are required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA. The polymerase starts replication at the 3 #39;-end of the primer, and copies the opposite strand. In most cases of natural DNA replication, the primer for DNA synthesis and replication is a short strand of RNA (which can be made de novo). Many of the laboratory techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology that involve DNA polymerase, such as DNA sequencing and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), require DNA primers. These primers are usually short, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, with a length of about twenty bases. They are hybridized to a target DNA, which is then copied by the polymerase. DNA sequencing is used to determine the nucleotides in a DNA strand; the chain termination method (dideoxy sequencing or Sanger method) uses a primer as a start marker for the chain reaction. In PCR, primers are used to determine the DNA fragment to be amplified by the PCR process. The length of primers is usually not more than 30 (usually 18--24[3]) nucleotides, and they need to match the beginning and the end of the DNA fragment to be ...From:ruralkillerViews:71 1ratingsTime:13:03More inEducation

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Fukushima is only a ( PRIMER )(mirrored from stoney) - Video

Download Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition PDF Free – Video


Download Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition PDF Free
Download for free: bit.ly Lehninger 5th Edition PDF maintained the qualities that made the original Lehninger text a classic -clear writing, careful explanations of difficult concepts, and communicating to students the ways in which biochemistry is understood and practiced today. Genre: Biochemistry Type: PDF Release: 2008. Language: English Pages: 1294 (in PDF) Size: 183,44 MB Authos: David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox =========================================== Download for free: bit.ly =========================================== Download Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition PDF Free Additional tags: Biochemistry 5th Edition Biochemistry Fifth Edition Biochemistry Lehninger 5th Biochemistry Lehninger 5th Edition PDF Lehninger 5th Edition PDF Lehninger Biochemistry 5th Edition Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition download Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition Ebook Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition PDF free Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition PDF full Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition PDFdownload Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry PDF Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition free download Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition PDFFrom:Charles CollinsViews:5 0ratingsTime:01:22More inEducation

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Download Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition PDF Free - Video

Photosynthesis 2 The Calvin cycle in less than 6 minutes – Video


Photosynthesis 2 The Calvin cycle in less than 6 minutes
The Calvin cycle is the second side of photosynthesis. This video sums up the basics, including the most important molecules and biochemistry. When you #39;re learning science, the Calvin cycle is sometimes called the "light independent reactions" but it really needs the inputs that come from light interacting with the chloroplasts. This video will show you how it all fits together--in just a little more than five minutes.From:ScienceTutorOnlineViews:3 0ratingsTime:05:59More inScience Technology

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Photosynthesis 2 The Calvin cycle in less than 6 minutes - Video