Florida College System – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Florida College System, previously known as the Florida Community College System, comprises 28 public community colleges and state colleges in the U.S. state of Florida. In 2013-14, enrollment consisted of more than 813,000 students.[1] Together with the State University System of Florida, which includes Florida's 12 public four-year universities, it is part of Florida's system of public higher education.

While governed by local boards of trustees, the colleges are coordinated under the jurisdiction of Florida's State Board of Education. Administratively, the Chancellor of the Florida College System is the chief executive officer of the system, reporting to the Commissioner of Education who serves as the chief executive officer of Florida's public education system. In 2009, the Florida Legislature changed the name from the "Florida Community College System" to the "Florida College System," reflecting the fact that some of its member institutions now offer four-year bachelor's degrees. As of 2014, only three members of the Florida College System retain "community college" in their official name.[2]

Section (s.) 1004.65, Florida Statutes (F.S.), establishes the primary mission and responsibility of Florida College System institutions as responding to community needs for postsecondary academic education and career degree education. This mission and responsibility includes:[6]

A separate and secondary role for Florida College System institutions includes the offering of programs in:

In addition, s. 1007.33(2), F.S., requires that any Florida College System institution that offers one or more baccalaureate degree programs:

The schools athletic teams are governed by the Florida State College Activities Association (FSCAA) and compete in the National Junior College Athletic Association Region 8.

Dr. James L. Wattenbarger, Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus, University of Florida and Dr. Harry T. Albertson, Former Chief Executive Officer, Florida Association of Community Colleges, outlined the history of the Florida College System through 2009.[8]

Legislature approves creation of three new colleges: Palm Beach Junior College, Chipola Junior College, and Pensacola Junior College

Legislature approves creation of six new colleges: Gulf Coast Community College, Central Florida Community College, Daytona Beach Community College, Manatee Junior College, North Florida Junior College, and St. Johns River Community College. Legislature approves statutory revisions permitting junior colleges to separate from K-12 Legislature establishes the Division of Community Colleges

Legislature approves measure allowing community colleges to be governed under local boards

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Florida College System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Biochemistry | Fundamentals of Biology | Biology – MIT OpenCourseWare

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An illustration showing the biochemical structures present in a T Cell Receptor (image by Michelle Mischke).

This unit will introduce the course and cover the basics of biochemistry and cell composition. First, we will introduce the levels of organization of life, and the different types of organisms. We will then cover the structure of biological molecules and the molecular forces involved in the formation of these molecules. We will learn about the general structure and function of lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, as well as the composition, structure, and function of proteins. After learning about the major groups of macromolecules, we will explore their interactions within a cell, starting with metabolism, Gibbs free energy, biochemical reactions, enzymes and ATP as the energy currency. We will outline the cellular mechanisms for harvesting energy from glucose and related sugars, briefly outline glycolysis as a mechanism to generate ATP, and discuss the fate of the pyruvate produced in glycolysis under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Finally, we will cover the general ideas of both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation and how these two processes are used by cells to generate the ATP and the NADPH needed for the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis.

During this unit, you will describe both the chemical and molecular composition of a cell, and define the basic components of biological macromolecules. You will identify the forces that act in biological systems: covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waal's forces, and hydrophobicity. You will draw a generic amino acid and categorize each of the 20 amino acids appropriately based upon the nature of the side chain. You will also apply the general laws of thermodynamics to biological reactions. In addition, you will define Gibbs free energy, determine the Gibbs free energy change associated with a biochemical reaction, and identify spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions.

At the end of this unit, you will be familiar with the different levels of organization of life, and the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. You will understand the structures and properties of the major groups of macromolecules, including lipids and phospholipids, carbohydrates nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as their functions in the cell. You will be familiar with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure and know what types of bonds and forces stabilize each level. In addition, you will understand the effect of an amino acid substitution on the general structure and function of a protein. You will know how ATP provides the energy to power cellular work.

Finally, you will have a greater understanding of the reactions in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, when they occur, and why they are important. You will understand the relationships between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

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Biochemistry | Fundamentals of Biology | Biology - MIT OpenCourseWare

Biochemistry: Major in Biochemistry – Beloit College

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Beloit College's biochemistry program is unique in the nation. You will learn to understandnot memorizethe basis for the biological revolution occurring in our world. Stem cells, cloning, telomeres, aging, gene therapythese are the issues facing biochemists and molecular biologists today. If you choose to attend Beloit College, you will gain the education and experience necessary to extend your knowledge of these and the many other topics challenging today's scientific community.

THE MAJORThe biochemistry major is designed to allow as much flexibility as possible in course selection so that students can tailor the program to meet a variety of career goals. Some students focus on cloning and gene expression, others on antioxidants, the structure of molecules, even the function of telomeres. Pre-medical students often emphasize biotechnology or physiology. As a biochemistry major, students are considered to be part of both the biology and chemistry departments, and they receive the same individual attention that faculty give to their majors.

The biochemistry major teaches students to think, to be creative, to design experiments and analyze dataskills that prepare students for whatever they decide to do after graduation. Interpersonal skills are also important. Through small-group projects, such as collaborative exams and cooperative homework assignments, Beloit develops each student's ability to work with others successfully.

CAREERS Our students are prepared for a variety of exciting options. More than 90 percent go on for an advanced degree, not only the M.D. or Ph.D., but for M.B.A. and law degrees as well. Our majors become doctors and researchers in academia, government, and industry, and they also go on to become lawyers, investment bankers, political advisors, and business executives.

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AT BELOITYou learn best by doing, and it doesn't hurt if you get paid at the same time! Opportunities for students to do research for credit or salary abound both during the summer and the academic year. This includes opportunities at Beloit College, in off-campus programs, and worldwide. Current on-campus research includes such areas as the mechanism of cellular aging, in vivo expression of proteins, biochemical evolution of the genetic code, and the sexual development of guinea pigs. Research by four undergraduates at Beloit on excretion of vitamin C was reported on the front page of USA Today. Off-campus, students do research at national labs and at distinguished companies, universities, and hospitals throughout the world.

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Biochemistry: Major in Biochemistry - Beloit College

Biochemistry – University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine

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Lacy Barton receives 2015 Subramanian Thesis Award

Lacy Barton, who completed her PhD with Dr. Pamela Geyer, has been named the 2015 Subramanian Award for best PhD thesis in the Department of Biochemistry. Lacy is currently a postdoctoral fellow in Ruth Lehmanns laboratory at New York University School of Medicine in New York, NY. She was recently awarded a Damon Runyon Cancer []

Nicholas McCarty, an undergraduate major in the Abel laboratory, was recently featured on the ICRU Undergraduate Research Spotlight highlighting his experience as an undergraduate working in the laboratory, more specifically his work on studies examining the role of insulin signaling in regulating the cardiovascular system, and his goals for professional development. Read the full feature []

The Taylor laboratory has recently published an article entitled Hepatic Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 Is Required for Efficient Regulation of Gluconeogenesis and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Cell Metabolism. Postdoctoral Fellow Larry Gray was first author of this work. Gray et al. show that the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC), is critical for controlling glucose production in []

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Biochemistry - University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine

IUP Biochemistry Major Discusses Research and Undergraduate Scholars Forum – Video

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IUP Biochemistry Major Discusses Research and Undergraduate Scholars Forum
Estefania Alba, a Biochemistry Major at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), discusses her research kidney regeneration. Estefania will present her research at the 2015 Undergraduate Scholars...

By: Indiana University of Pennsylvania on YouTube

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IUP Biochemistry Major Discusses Research and Undergraduate Scholars Forum - Video

Chemistry and Biochemistry Club Magic Show: College Royal 2015 – Video

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Chemistry and Biochemistry Club Magic Show: College Royal 2015
The Avengers have been defeated by the evil Senor Sulphur! Guelph is in danger! Can the Chemistry Crusader, and her sidekick Pippin Permanganate save the city? The Chemistry and Biochemistry...

By: The U of Guelph Chemistry and Biochemistry Club

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Chemistry and Biochemistry Club Magic Show: College Royal 2015 - Video

Santa Fe College: Biochemistry Oxidative Phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation – Video

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Santa Fe College: Biochemistry Oxidative Phosphorylation Photophosphorylation
Santa Fe College Perry Center for Emerging Technologies Biochemistry Lecture: Oxidative Phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Chapter 19 Instructor: Aaron Hirko.

By: Santa Fe College Emerging Technologies

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Santa Fe College: Biochemistry Oxidative Phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation - Video

Team Develops More Effective Therapeutic Antibodies – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

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Researchers from the University of Maryland and Rockefeller University, who previously developed a method to modify an antibody's sugar group structure, which opened the door for biochemists to create antibodies with consistent sugar groups, report that they havetaken their method a step further by determining which specific sugar combinations enhance--or suppress--an antibody's ability to signal the immune system to attack an invader.

The results ("Modulating IgG effector function by Fc glycan engineering"),published online in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, are an important step toward the development of highly effective antibodies to fight cancer and other diseases, according to the investigators.

An antibody's ability to send killer signals depends on the configuration of sugar chains attached to the protein. In naturally occurring antibodies, these sugar chains have a lot of variability. Even in antibodies currently used for disease therapy, a given dose might contain a wide variety of antibody variants, also known as "glycoforms," distinguished by their sugar groups.

Although prior methods tried to sort out these glycoforms and collect the most effective ones, these methods are time-consuming, expensive and not 100 percent effective. The method used in the current study enables the researchers to create a given antibody with identical glycoforms using biochemical techniques. Each glycoform can then be tested independently to see whether it enhances or suppresses the immune response.

"Our first major step forward was to develop a method to produce homogeneous glycoforms," said Lai-Xi Wang, Ph.D., a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UMD. "With this, we can now look at how individual different sugars affect the properties of antibodies. Until this study, we didn't have an efficient way to know how individual sugars in various glycoforms affect suppression or activation of the immune response."

Most therapeutic antibodies on the market are designed to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. For example, Rituximab is an antibody-based drug used to treat lymphoma, leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis. Rituximab and other similar antibody drugs are usually produced in cultured cell lines.

"These processes are not optimized at all. There is no easy way to control glycosylation," noted Dr. Wang. Glycosylation is the process by which sugar groups are added to a protein such as an antibody. "Our method could be used to improve antibodies already on the market because it modifies the antibodies directly instead of working at the genetic level."

Dr. Wang's group, which specializes in the biochemistry of protein glycosylation, developed the methodology to modify the antibody sugar groups. They partnered with Jeffrey Ravetch's group at Rockefeller University, which specializes in immunology and animal models, to test the effects of various glycoforms on the immune response. The new findings will help guide the development of future antibody-based therapeutics.

"Our method would be generally applicable because it can be used on a wide variety of antibodies," explained Dr. Wang. "It's an important step forward in the effort to engineer therapeutic antibodies that can target specific cancers, inflammation and other diseases. Soon we will be able to build customized antibodies."

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Team Develops More Effective Therapeutic Antibodies - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Antibiotics could be promising treatment for form of dementia – Richmond Register

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LEXINGTON -- Researchers at the University of Kentucky's College of Medicine have found that a class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides could be a promising treatment for frontotemporal dementia.

Results of their proof of concept study, which was a collaborative effort between UK's Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the University of California San Francisco's Department of Pathology, were recently published in the journal, Human Molecular Genetics.

Frontotemporal dementia is the second-most common dementia after Alzheimer's disease and the most common type of early onset dementia. It typically begins between ages 40 and 65 and affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which leads to behavior changes, difficulty speaking and writing, and memory deterioration.

A subgroup of patients with frontotemporal dementia have a specific genetic mutation that prevents brain cells from making a protein called progranulin. Although progranulin is not widely understood, its absence is linked to the disease.

A group led by Haining Zhu, a professor in UK's department of molecular and cellular biochemistry, discovered that after aminoglycoside antibiotics were added to neuronal cells with this mutation, the cells started making the full-length progranulin protein by skipping the mutation.

"These patients' brain cells have a mutation that prevents progranulin from being made. The team found that by adding a small antibiotic molecule to the cells, they could trick the cellular machinery into making it," said Matthew Gentry, a co-author of the study and the Antonio S. Turco Endowed Professor in the department of molecular and cellular biochemistry.

The researchers found two specific aminoglycoside antibiotics -- Gentamicin and G418 -- were both effective in fixing the mutation and making the functional progranulin protein. After adding Gentamicin or G418 molecules to the affected cells, the progra nulin protein level was recovered up to about 50 to 60%.

These results could be promising to drug development. Currently, there are no effective therapies for any type of dementia.

After this preclinical proof of concept study, the next step is to study the antibiotics' effects on mice with the mutation that causes frontotemporal dementia, said Zhu. Another focus is to possibly develop new compounds from Gentamicin and G418 that could be safer and more effective. Although Gentamicin is an FDA-approved medication, its clinical usage is limited as it is associated with a number of adverse side effects.

"If we can get the right resources and physician to work with, we could potentially repurpose this drug. This is an early stage of the study, but it provides an important proof of concept that these aminoglycoside antibiotics or their derivatives can be a therapeutic avenue for frontotemporal dementia," said Zhu.

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Antibiotics could be promising treatment for form of dementia - Richmond Register

Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford

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Welcome to the Department of Biochemistry, part of the University of Oxford's Medical Sciences Division. We are one of the largest Biochemistry departments in the world and carry out world-class research and teaching. Our researchers come from a range of disciplines and work in a collaborative environment on all aspects of modern molecular and cellular biochemistry. We hope you enjoy reading more about our activities on these pages.

Professor Mark Sansom, Head of Department

A new paper from postdoctoral fellow Stephan Uphoff in the Biochemistry department has revealed that random variation in the DNA repair capacity of cells can lead to genetic variation.

E. coli cells treated with DNA methylation damage induce the adaptive response by activating Ada protein expression. The microscopy image shows fluorescently tagged Ada in yellow. Despite identical genetic makeup and treatment, a fraction of cells fails to induce the Ada response (in grey). Scale bar: 5 m (Click to Enlarge)

The results are published in Science (1) and are the fruition of a collaborative project between Dr Uphoff in Professor David Sherratt's lab and the lab of Professor Johan Paulsson at Harvard Medical School. They provide insight into how phenotypic variation can lead to genetic variation - a new twist on studies exploring the impact of variability in gene expression between cells.

A physicist by training, Dr Uphoff has spent the last few years developing and applying live cell imaging techniques. Currently funded by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust and a Junior Research Fellowship at St John's College in Oxford, he has been using single-molecule imaging to study mechanisms of DNA repair in bacteria, in both the Sherratt and Paulsson labs.

The newly published study explores the consequences of heterogeneity in a bacterial DNA repair process. Whilst there has been lots of discussion about noise in gene expression giving rise to phenotypic heterogeneity in genetically identical cells, there have been few studies that go beyond transient variations in gene expression. In the case of DNA repair, however, any transient heterogeneity could persist over long timescales in the form of mutations.

In the bacterium Escherichia.coli, the adaptive response protects cells against the toxic and mutagenic effects of DNA methylation damage. This requires Ada protein, which as well as directly repairing methylated DNA, also activates ada gene expression. It does this via a positive feedback mechanism - ada expression is increased a thousand-fold by methylated Ada which acts as a transcriptional activator after transfer of a methyl group from damaged DNA onto the protein during the repair process.

Another feature of the DNA damage response is that Ada protein is present in low numbers in cells before DNA damage. 'We hypothesised that there should be substantial heterogeneity in the adaptive response between cells because positive feedback tends to amplify the noise that is inherent in low molecule numbers,' says Dr Uphoff.

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Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford

Chemistry & Biochemistry – The University of Oklahoma

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Welcome to the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Oklahoma. Our mission is to serve the citizens of the State of Oklahoma and the nation through instructing our undergraduate majors, those in cognate disciplines and as part of the general education programs of the College of Arts and Sciences to understand the role of chemistry and biochemistry in the natural world, through professional training of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, through creating and disseminating new research-based understanding of chemistry and biochemistry, through providing expert advice and consultation to educational, industrial and governmental units, and through participating in service to the university and professional communities.

We are pursuing this mission through our research activities, our instructional programs and our service contributions. Our research activities are housed in our spectacular Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center (SLSRC) on the research campus located south of OUs main campus. Since 2010, these research facilities house our faculty offices, faculty-led research labs, research centers, research support facilities and departmental administration offices.

As described in our faculty research pages, our outstanding and award-winning faculty contribute to the development of new scientific understanding and training of our students and professional research associates.

We are in the process of a major investment of effort and resources in the development of our undergraduate and graduate instructional programs. Our Graduate Program has just been converted to a modular course program in which we offer variable length courses. Coupled to these highly focused courses are related changes to our graduate program that should bring the time to a doctoral degree down to an average of 4.5 years. In our undergraduate instructional programs we are redesigning the curriculum from general chemistry up to the advanced courses. At the core we wish all students taking chemistry to appreciate the role of chemistry in understanding nature. These courses also develop abilities to collect scientific information, process it and reach conclusions while preparing to add to our scientific understanding of nature.

We are also committed to serving the wider community. Information on our summer academies and science-society relations can be found on our Student Lifeweb pages.

We are grateful to our strong network of supporters. For information on how you can contribute efforts or resources to the department, please visit our Supportweb pages.

I hope you find the information you are looking for on these web pages and by following us on Twitter @UOkChemBiochem. If you have additional questions, please contact us.

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Biochemistry professor continues to follow passions at 100 years old – The Maneater

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Eighty years ago, professor emeritus of biochemistry Boyd ODell began taking classes at MU. Now 100 years old, ODell, who has made many discoveries and inspired generations of colleagues, can still be found in his office in Eckles Hall.

I have some questions I really would like to answer, and Id rather think about answering those questions than retiring, ODell said.

ODell technically retired in 1988, but still does part-time research on campus.

In September, a celebration honoring the 40th anniversary of the biochemistry department served as an early 100th birthday party for ODell. In December, a plaque was unveiled, naming the bridge connecting Schweitzer Hall to the Schlundt Annex the Boyd ODell Bridge of Discovery.

I hope the bridge will be a bridge to the future for all the students and progress will be made in research and learning, ODell said at the unveiling.

Over the years, ODell has served as a mentor and a friend for many of his colleagues and students. Biochemistry professor Judy Wall first met ODell when she joined the MU faculty in 1978.

Hes an incredible gentleman, very professional, a great scholar and a truly kind person, Wall said.

Wall remembers when she and ODell were assigned to evaluate a graduate students grant proposal for a comprehensive exam. This was Walls first time evaluating this type of exam, and the only other female faculty member in the department did not attend their presentations.

I was the sole female faculty member and, you know, a silly person who was in the process of thinking about impressing all of my peers and making sure they didnt think I was an idiot at the evaluations, Wall said. So I was all set for getting this guy because I didnt think his proposal was great.

ODell went first. He discussed the importance of the problem the student had addressed and the strengths of the work before introducing criticism.

That was a wonderful experience for me because I thought thats exactly the way you should do it, Wall said. You have to earn the right to criticize by showing that you understand whats going on and you have to earn the right to begin to make constructive suggestions. Dr. ODell had shown me that was the professional way of going about it.

Wall uses this same approach anytime she has to evaluate anything in a similar manner.

He didnt realize, and I dont think I realized at the time, that he was mentoring me, but he certainly was, Wall said.

ODell decided to pursue education because he admired his teachers, who were his first role models.

I always had an ambition to be a teacher, ODell said. What did a farm boy in Carroll County have as role models? There was two things that I can think of, teacher was the most obvious one, and veterinarian.

ODell was born on a farm outside of Hale, Missouri, on Oct. 14, 1916. Becoming a veterinarian wasnt an option he considered, because it wasnt a financial possibility.

My parents were just poor farmers, and they couldnt help me, he said. I had to pave my way.

The summer after he graduated high school, ODell took an examination to become a teacher.

I passed all subjects with high scores except one, and that was pedagogy, ODell said. I didnt even know what pedagogy was. I suppose its the art of teaching.

That summer, ODell took classes at the University of Central Missouri, which was known as Warrensburg Teachers College at the time. He then began working in a one-room schoolhouse, where he taught first through eighth grade.

It was kind of fun in retrospect, ODell said. And that was in the depths of the Depression, to be paid $50 a month was a very good job. A lot of people were unable to even find a job.

Because he wanted to continue his education, ODell left the grade school after four years.

After a few years I transferred to the university here and got jobs one way or another and was able to support myself, he said.

He wanted to study bacteriology, but MU didnt have a program, so ODell was advised to become a chemistry major.

I worked for Dr. A.G. Hogan, who was my mentor for my Ph.D. At that time, he was interested in a vitamin that now is known as folic acid, ODell said.

ODell went on to work for a pharmaceutical company in Detroit after receiving his degree. With the end of World War II, MU saw an increase in students and invited ODell back to become a professor.

Coming back to Mizzou was kind of an easy choice because that was home. Im a Missourian through and through, ODell said.

ODell then studied the existence of unknown vitamins as an assistant professor.

At that time, an assistant professor was really an assistant to the professor, ODell said. When I became a little further along and had the independence, I still followed the question of, are there still unknown vitamins?

ODell went on to study the role of copper and zinc in the body. Among his discoveries was the revelation that copper deficiencies in animals can cause death through the rupture of the aorta, in the heart.

The opportunity arose for me to go on a sabbatical to Australia, ODell said. And why would I want to go to Australia? If youre interested in copper, its the place to go because much of the soil in Australia is copper-deficient.

In Australia, ODell saw that copper deficiency in sheep can cause symptoms similar to Parkinsons disease. He later observed the same results in rats.

We became interested in zinc deficiency around the same time, ODell said. We found that zinc deficiency in animals stops growth and causes increased subject to disease. Diarrhea is a common complaint of zinc-deficient animals and children.

He then discovered that phytic acid, which appears in plants such as soybeans and corn, can actually impact the way the body absorbs zinc.

Scientists want to know why does zinc deficiency cause these signs and symptoms in humans and animals, ODell said. Ive been interested in trying to solve that question for quite a number of years.

ODell is currently researching the importance of zinc in maintaining calcium channels.

If you think back of all the factors that a cell does, a cell divides, a cell secretes, contracts and carries messages, ODell said. All of this is dependent on a calcium channel, and if you take away zinc, the channel fails and you get all these symptoms. I think that that is the true, fundamental function of zinc to maintain the calcium channel.

ODell and Wall, a professor of biochemistry, have since worked together on a variety of committees and both taught biochemistry to first-year medical students.

He was always incredibly prepared, just beautiful lectures and so absolutely timely, Wall said. He knew the literature and was just great.

Another of ODells colleagues, professor emerita of biochemistry Grace Sun, also spoke of ODells role as a mentor.

Right now, Ive been retired for two years only and hes been retired for many more years, Sun said. I would say that hes a role model for me, and I wish I could do half as much like him.

The two became friends in the 80s, when a colleague Sun had met while working as a visiting professor in Taiwan came to MU to study with ODell.

ODell and his wife used to throw parties around the holidays where they would serve American foods, Sun said.

We loved it because we have a lot of international students and he has always a group of them, Sun said. At the time, he was like a hub for the international students.

Sun says ODell still interacts with colleagues and former research assistants by attending seminars and events on campus.

I remember one time, this must have been four or five years ago, and hes way over 90 and he wrote me an email, Sun said. He read a paper and then he said, Hey, Grace, maybe we can work together to do something on this area. I was so shocked. I was really amazed how he must be reading a lot of papers at home or in his office.

Now, ODell does experiments once or twice a week with cells that are grown in the Life Science Building.

I asked to use the equipment and I think they decided they better volunteer to do some of the work rather than trust me, ODell said with a laugh.

An undergraduate was assigned to help ODell grow and transfer the cells, Wall said.

It came holiday time, and the undergraduate was coming up on holiday, and so instead of imposing on this woman, Boyd decided he would just teach himself how to culture the human tissue culture, and so he did it, Wall said. Every day he would come over and transfer his cells and work with his cells. He walks over form Eckles to the Life Sciences Center and back again and has learned how to do this. What a terrifically fearless person he is when it comes to science.

ODell doesnt just walk across campus; he also walks from his house every time he comes to do research.

Most of my career I rode a bicycle to work, ODell said. I dont have a car, and I dont ride my bicycle anymore that leaves walking. I like walking. I think its good exercise, and I need exercise.

ODells daughter Ann, who lives in Columbia, helps drive him when he needs to go shopping and eats with him every week. ODell has a son, David, who lives in California, as well as four grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

Outside of science, ODells hobbies include photography and bird-watching.

I was always interested in bird-watching and nature work; I guess that might fall from the science, ODell said. Even when I was teaching at the grade school, I had projects for the kids where wed collect plants.

After 100 years, ODell recognizes the importance of lifelong learning and following ones interests.

I think you should, in general even beyond science, you should pick a job or do what you have a real passion for, ODell said. I think if you really are keenly interested in it you will be successful.

Edited by Kyle LaHucik | klahucik@themaneater.com

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Biochemistry professor continues to follow passions at 100 years old - The Maneater

Amino Acids – University of Arizona

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Basic Structure of Amino Acids

Acidic & Amides Aliphatic Aromatic Basic Cyclic Hydroxyl Sulfur-Containing

Test yourself Structure & Chemistry ID Structures Letter Codes

Author of 1 letter codes Dr. M.O. Dayhoff

Introduction Essential amino acids Why learn this?

Amino acids play central roles both as building blocks of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. The 20 amino acids that are found within proteins convey a vast array of chemical versatility. The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein. The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Proteins not only catalyze all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular process. In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary information to determine how that protein will fold into a three dimensional structure, and the stability of the resulting structure. The field of protein folding and stability has been a critically important area of research for years, and remains today one of the great unsolved mysteries. It is, however, being actively investigated, and progress is being made every day.

As we learn about amino acids, it is important to keep in mind that one of the more important reasons to understand amino acid structure and properties is to be able to understand protein structure and properties. We will see that the vastly complex characteristics of even a small, relatively simple, protein are a composite of the properties of the amino acids which comprise the protein.

Top Essential amino acids Humans can produce 10 of the 20 amino acids. The others must be supplied in the food. Failure to obtain enough of even 1 of the 10 essential amino acids, those that we cannot make, results in degradation of the body's proteinsmuscle and so forthto obtain the one amino acid that is needed. Unlike fat and starch, the human body does not store excess amino acids for later usethe amino acids must be in the food every day.

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Amino Acids - University of Arizona