M-Club will double your donation to UM-Flint student research scholarship – University of Michigan Flint News

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In 2011, the U of M Club of Greater Flint (M-Club) pledged $50,000 to create an endowment that supports student research at the University of Michigan-Flint. Over the past seven years, the club has worked to fulfill that pledge by raising money at their annual golf outing and soliciting gifts from individual members. With just a few thousand dollars left to go to reach its goal, the Club is upping the ante by offering to match any gift to the fund up to a total of $5,000.

We are very excited about completing this pledge to UM-Flint, said Barry Trantham, M-Club Scholarship Committee Chairperson. Over the long history of our club, we have donated nearly $1 million to the Ann Arbor and Flint campuses. All of us that serve on our clubs board feel that we benefited from our experience at the university and we want to increase those benefits for future students.

The M-Club has endowed and/or supported six scholarships at UM-Flint. They have also assisted dozens of construction and programming efforts. When asked why the club decided to support a research scholarship, Trantham said, Many schools refer to themselves as research institutions. Often times that research is limited to faculty and graduate-level students. At UM-Flint, however, undergraduates are afforded the opportunity to get involved in cutting-edge research projects and we want to support those efforts.

Recently, research funding like that provided by the M-Clubs endowment allowed Nicodemus Monear, a biochemistry student, the opportunity to model the effects of the Flint water crisis on the developing embryos of mothers that consumed lead-tainted water during their pregnancy.

Regarding the value of his experience, Monear said, Research places students at the frontline of things that society does not yet understand. The skills and knowledge Ive gained by conducting research has made me a better student, and someday a better employee. Research has given me a chance to apply the experience Ive gained in my classrooms and labs. Its also made me more confident in my ability to draw conclusions and to not be so invested in what I think I already know.

The M-Club recognizes the benefits research provides students and wants every person who seeks a research experience to have the opportunity. With just a few thousand dollars remaining to reach its goal of endowing a research fund at UM-Flint, the Club is asking for the support of our alumni and donors with a gift today.

Subscribe to the UM-Flint NOW newsletter. See whats new at UM-Flint NOW with the latest news, happenings, and special announcements delivered to your inbox every two weeks.

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M-Club will double your donation to UM-Flint student research scholarship - University of Michigan Flint News

Mourinho: Festive schedule against every rule of physiology, biology, biochemistry – The World Game

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Spurs were involved in the early kick-off on Boxing Day, rallying from a half-time deficit at home to record a hard-fought 2-1 triumph over Brighton and Hove Albion.

However, the victory came at a cost, with Harry Winks andMoussa Sissoko both picking up yellow cards that mean the duo will be suspended forSunday's (AEDT) game at Norwich City.

Son Heung-min is also banned following his red card against Chelsea, leaving Mourinho with a lack of options -as well aslittle preparation time -for the trip to Carrow Road.

However, before his focus switched to the next game, the Portuguese took aim at the schedule.

"I cannot imagine these boys, not just my boys, but the [Graham] Potter boys, how they can play in 48 hours," Mourinho told the media.

"If you go to control the distances they run, the intensity, the breaks, if you are going to control that and if we are going to tell anyone who understands physiology, it is a crime that they are going to play football again on the 28th.

"It is against every rule of physiology, biology, biochemistry, every rule. But that is the way it is, even with three guys suspended.

"I think from the three, two of them are unfair, Sonny unfair, Winks unfair, I can only say Sissoko had a reason for the fifth yellow card. We have to go."

Tanguy Ndombele may provide a solution to the absences inmidfield after the Frenchman was not involved against Brighton.

Mourinho clarified that while the record signing from Lyon was not injured, the player had raised concerns over his physical condition prior to the game.

"I cannot say he is injured, in five minutes we start a training session and you can go to the stands and watch it, he is going to be training normally so I cannot say he is injured," Mourinho said.

"I can say that yesterday he told me he was not feeling in condition to play the game. Not based on injuries, based on fears of previous injuries that he has had since the beginning of the season.

"Feeling not ready to start the game, but I cannot say he is injured, I can say he is not in condition to start the game, which is different."

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Mourinho: Festive schedule against every rule of physiology, biology, biochemistry - The World Game

How our phones became our whole lives in just 10 years, from a woman who resuscitates them – NBCNews.com

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When did you last put pictures in a photo album? When did you last drop off a roll of film at a drugstore, then flip through the prints an hour later? It was probably some time before the last decade given that, at the start of 2013, more than 50 percent of American adults had a smartphone for the first time, and now more than 80 percent of us do.

Since we wrapped our fingers around the first touch-screen smartphones a decade ago, the family photo album has all but ceased to exist. But even as we no longer make albums of them, we are even more obsessed with taking pictures. We spend hours transcribing our entire lives into digits inside memory chips on our phones, and maybe posting some small percentage of them online.

These photos are our lives now we can all remember every important moment in an entire year in just a few minutes by scrolling through our camera roll. If it was notable, we took a picture. For the first time ever, we can visualize an entire life, including somebody else's.

My job is to recover these pictures and videos when things go wrong sometimes very wrong. Each day, people from all over the world reach out to the iPad Rehab Microsolderings team of former stay-at-home moms (and one dad) after one of lifes most gut-wrenching moments. They are staring at a dead phone, usually a loved one's, and realizing that the data they thought or hoped was backing up, wasnt.

It is a beloved privilege to be trusted with the responsibility to recover these memories. We get to tell families every day Great news, we got the pictures back!

But what will become of these now-recovered pictures? Will they be printed, hung up and cherished, or will they rot on a USB stick never to be seen again, after the joy of the initial reunion fades? Few of us will ever really get around to loading those pictures onto the digital frame we always mean to buy. Our pictures tend to sit there on our individual phones, unseen, secure inside a tiny chip, because we are too busy spending our lives capturing newer pictures of sushi, birthday parties and sunsets you can almost see.

On a recent trip to New York City, I signed up for the sunset viewing at the top of the Rockefeller Center and, like everyone else, I took a picture. The picture I took, though, was a picture of all the people taking pictures. Some people there never did see the sun actually set they just saw the view of the sunset through their phones, held high above their heads.

At my kids' recent holiday concert, like many a parent, I quietly ignored the principals request to turn off our cellphones and just enjoy the concert. Instead, I took a picture and posted it on social media right in the middle of the concert; the caption read, I am filled with holiday joy that the six parents near me who are secretly videotaping the concert are all holding their phones in landscape mode.

It is possible we were better off when we were restricted to 24 carefully chosen shots on a tangible roll of film.

It's hard to imagine that this has all changed so much in 10 years, but it has. We suffer from a near-constant digital information overload; there is too much choice, and way too much noise. The sum of the knowledge of humanity is stuffed into our back pockets, as is access to nearly anything it can create. In the past, buying a new lawn chair would mean standing at a store and deciding between one with green woven canvas strips and one with blue. Today, it means scrolling through endless chair variations, struggling to distinguish fake reviews from genuine, and then being haunted by nagging ads stalking us everywhere we go online. Sometimes we simply give up.

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We are part of a grand experiment: Never before have human brains been constantly exposed to the ceaseless parade of stimulation that pours from devices in our pockets.

In order to be heard above the cacophony of the internet, even our news media is forced to shout increasingly polarizing viewpoints. To deal with the sheer volume of information, our brains seek to bundle and categorize awesome or terrible and slowly lose the ability to notice and appreciate nuance. There is no longer a middle.

Through our phones, we stare into the lights of Las Vegas when we first wake up, and just before we try to sleep. How does this affect the biochemistry of our brain? We dont know for sure, but studies are already suggesting the answer is not good.

A few weeks ago, I finally decided to give it all up ... well, for one night a week. Our family started an evening of digital respite, when we turn off our phones, tablets, computers and even the television. It is just as hard as it seems, and just as amazing.

Life unplugged feels dry and brittle at first. It is painful; I dread it each week. Im dismayed to realize that feels emotionally identical to quitting smoking.

The amount of extra time, though, is phenomenal. Did you know that you can go sledding, stop by the library, make dinner and memorize all five verses of "Good King Wenceslas" before 7:00 p.m. on a Tuesday? In the second week, I laid on the bed feeling like a disgrace to my generation. What did we do with our time growing up without phones and computers? I couldnt remember. That day I spent an hour just talking with my husband about not work and not kids. When was the last time we did that?

In the third week I found myself saying yes, out of boredom, to things to which Id normally Id say no. Can we make cookies? Yes. Can we make a gingerbread house? Yes. Do you want to go cross-country skiing with me? Yes. Will you read this book with me for two solid hours tonight? Yes. Will I remember these times more than a few gigabytes of buried digital memories? Definitely.

I taught them things: We explored how to navigate without Google maps, how to live without looking up a weather forecast. They are now wholly convinced that, yes, it is indeed impossible for a human hand to break an intact egg; they know that teeth can do a fine job of it. I learned incredible details about the fabric of my childrens lives that I miss when obsessed with photo-documenting every moment.

Our phones are amazing. But we rely on them too much. We are addicted.

And, beyond that, the idea that they are helping us keep an incredible record of our lives that will persist for generations has more than a few caveats. Yes, our great-great-grandchildren will be able to get to "know" us in a way that is unprecedented if we back up our data and find ways to pass down accessing it; I'm not sure my parents' eight-tracks or boxes of slides will be so useful to my kids.

But with the increasing complexity of mobile phone security and data encryption, the ability of people like me to recover these precious memories will become more and more limited without the support of the manufacturers. Back up your data and support the right to repair, or all those pictures you're taking to show the truth of your life to your kids one day won't be worth the silicon on which they're embedded. Plus, you have to have conversations with your family or your friends about what will happen to your phone, your pictures and your entire digital footprint when you die or else large corporations and planned obsolescence will make those decisions for you in your absence.

In the meantime, though: Put your phone down. Watch a sunset. Enjoy your kid's school play as it happens. Make some cookies that exist only in your shared memories.

More from our decade reflections project:

THINKing about 2010-2019: Where we started, how we grew and where we might go

College in the U.S. is at a crossroads. Will it increase social mobility or class stratification?

The success of the 'me too' movement took a decade of work, not just a hashtag

The decade in LGBTQ: Pop culture visibility but stalled political progress

Egg freezing and IVF in the 2010s brought us the next phase in women's lib

How Netflix, Star Wars and Marvel redefined Hollywood and how we experience movies

Opioids, pot and criminal justice reform helped undermine this decade's War on Drugs

Climate change became a burning issue in the past decade, but also an opportunity

Taylor Swift, Beyonc, Rihanna, Gaga, Pink and Kesha cleared the way for women in the 2010s

Celebrities like Gwyneth Paltrow made the 2010s the decade of health and wellness misinformation

White Christian America ended in the 2010s

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How our phones became our whole lives in just 10 years, from a woman who resuscitates them - NBCNews.com

Hamilton Demolitions are Another Snub to a Cohort That’s Long Felt Underacknowledged – The University Times

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Last week, students condemned Trinitys decision to demolish the biochemistry building and Roberts Laboratory at the end of the semester a typically stressful time, made far worse by demolition noise. Students labelled the decision selfish and inconsiderate, arguing that noise had made the Hamilton library a place not conducive to effective studying.

A large group of students depend on the Hamilton library as the only place they can access books in their field, and more still see it as their primary study space.

So it was a kick in the teeth for them that the College undoubtedly bound by planning restrictions and sensitive time frames failed to even consult them on a move that has clearly had a large effect on their ability to study effectively.

While the demolitions are ultimately a necessity theyre occurring to make way for the construction of Colleges new Engineering, Energy and Emerging Technologies (E3) Institute their timing has come to symbolise Colleges lack of regard for a cohort on the east end of campus that have persistently raised concerns of being underrepresented at many levels of College life.

It is remarkably negligent on Trinitys part that affected students were not involved in discussions until it was too late: while one student has been added to the key stakeholders group in order to receive updates on the demolition, this move served mainly to highlight the irony of students not being considered key stakeholders in the first place.

It was an oversight symbolic of a College strategy that prioritised capital projects over the people it exists to educate.

Were a similar demolition project undertaken in the vicinity of the Arts Block and its adjoining libraries, its safe to say that Trinity would be left in little doubt about the ire of affected students. With packed timetables, its harder for Hamilton students to make their frustrations known, and you dont have to be a great cynic to suggest that Trinitys decision-makers would have been aware at some level that its easier to slip these moves by busier students.

For students in the Hamilton, their involvement in demolition discussions is a concession that offers too little, and came too late.

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Hamilton Demolitions are Another Snub to a Cohort That's Long Felt Underacknowledged - The University Times

Canadian Study Shows Connection Between HIV, Early-Onset Menopause in Women – AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

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Maggie L. Shaw

Predisposing risk factors include less than a high school education and hepatitis C coinfection.

Women living in the United States and Canada typically enter menopause between 50 and 52 years of age. Knowing that previous study results suggest the risk for early and premature menopause is greater among women with HIV, a recent Canadian study that appeared in Menopause, the journal of the North American Menopause Society, wanted to determine the average age menopause occurs, the prevalence of both early-onset (40-45 years) and premature menopause (before 40 years), and risk factors that could precipitate menopause in women younger than 45 years.

Using self-reported data from the Canadian HIV Womens Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) on women aged 16 and older living with HIV, 229 women who reported they were postmenopausal (no period in the 12 months before consenting to the questionnaire to enroll in CHIWOS), when menopause occurred, female sex at birth, had at least 1 period in their lifetime, and were not pregnant or taking hormonal contraception were included in the present analysis. Being postmenopausal also included 3 subcategories of reason: spontaneous, induced (from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy), and unknown.

Compared with the usual age for menopause mentioned above, the investigators found a median age of 48 years in their study. More women also reported early menopause than premature menopause (16.6% vs 13.1%, respectively)compared with 5% and 1% in the general populationand induced menopause was more often the cause in the premature menopause group compared with those who underwent early menopause or menopause at aged 45 and older. This finding mirrors results from studies carried out in Brazil and Thailand, in which the average age of menopause of women with HIV was also younger than among the general population.

For risk factors related to any early-onset menopause, the authors first performed a univariate analysis. Having less than a high school diploma, history of smoking, recreational drug use, white ethnicity, longer duration of HIV, and history of hepatitis C were related to a greater likelihood of menopause before reaching 45. They then carried out a multivariate analyses, finding that having less than a high school diploma and hepatitis C were related risk factors for women living with HIV.

The authors caution that due to the self-reported nature of the data they used, their results may not paint a complete picture of the association of early menopause and women living with HIV. Plus, their study population has well-controlled HIV infection, with the vast majority being on antiretroviral therapy, having an undetectable viral load, and having a normal CD4 count. Extrapolating to the general population of women living with HIV in Canada may not be possible.

Therefore, they point out, determination of whether biochemical confirmation of menopause should be required in the setting of HIV infection is a dilemma that warrants further investigation and consideration.

Reference

Andany N, Kaida A, de Pokomand A, et al; CHIWOS Research Team. Prevalence and correlates of early-onset menopause among women living with HIV in Canada [published online November 4, 2019]. Menopause. doi: 10.1097/0000000000001423.

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Canadian Study Shows Connection Between HIV, Early-Onset Menopause in Women - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Scientists urged to boycott Israel biochemistry conference – The Electronic Intifada (blog)

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Palestinian cancer patients in Gaza City protest Israels restrictions on travel for treatment, December 2016. Such restrictions are partly why academics are calling on colleagues to boycott Septembers Federation of European Biochemical Societies conference in Jerusalem.

Palestinian, Israeli and international academics are urging colleagues to boycott the 2017 congress of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies in Jerusalem next month.

Some attendees will be unaware of Israels direct attacks on Palestinians right to education, including the bombing of schools and universities, and the obstruction of access to educational sites, the scientists and academics write in a letter that has been sent to all conference speakers.

The restrictions Israel places on the teaching and research of our Palestinian colleagues have severe consequences not only on research and educational opportunities, but also on Palestinians health.

The 89 scholars calling for the boycott include researchers from leading institutions across Europe and North America.

Even though no country recognizes Israels claim to sovereignty over Jerusalem, the Federation of European Biochemical Societies conference website prominently advertises its location as Jerusalem, Israel.

It also locates the occupied Golan Heights Syrian territory as part of Israel.

Whether intentional or not, this makes the academic body a direct participant in Israels efforts to legitimize its violent occupation, annexation and colonization of these territories in violation of international law.

The conference is sponsored by several Israeli universities that are directly complicit in Israeli violations of Palestinian rights, including weapons development, support for Israels attacks on Gaza and helping recruitment for Israels secret police.

Israeli universities are also directly involved in efforts to undermine international solidarity for Palestinian rights.

The Association of University Heads of Israel, for instance, is known to help the Israeli governments efforts to censor teaching about Palestine in universities in other countries and to try to thwart the global Palestinian rights movement.

One of the themes of the conference is the biochemistry of cancer. Rates of cancer are rising, particularly for Palestinians in the blockaded Gaza Strip.

But as the scholars point out, Israel actively obstructs life-saving treatment: The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is as low as 30 percent in Gaza, which Israel has besieged for the past 10 years, as compared to 86 percent in Israel. In 2016, only 44 percent of Gaza patients who requested access to Israeli hospitals were admitted; more than half of those refused entry were cancer patients.

Meanwhile, the health system in Gaza is at the brink of collapse due to Israels severe reductions in the energy supply to the territory.

Anticipating typical arguments against the boycott, the scholars state: To be clear, the academic boycott of Israel that Palestinians have called for respects the universal principle of academic freedom as it is only directed at Israeli institutions, not individual academics. Despite the differences, it is inspired by the academic boycott of South Africa, which was called for in 1965 by 496 academics from 34 universities in the United Kingdom.

Last year, after a similar appeal, several scholars pulled out of a conference on genocide hosted by Hebrew University.

Israeli university leaders have said that they are being hit hard by a silent boycott, where many academics stay away from Israeli institutions but do not make any public statement.

Leading Israel lobby groups have also acknowledged the growing impact of the so-called silent boycott.

The scholars note that the Federation of European Biochemical Societies has itself been sensitive to political concerns regarding the location of its conferences. In 2016, the body expressed solidarity with the Turkish scientific community facing curtailment of academic freedoms in Turkey, and subsequently canceled its conference scheduled to take place there.

By organizing its congress in Jerusalem, the FEBS participates consciously or unconsciously in whitewashing Israels violent repression of Palestinian human rights, said Ahmed Abbes, research director at Frances CNRS scientific institute, and secretary of AURDIP, an academic group that supports Palestinians rights.

We hope that our colleagues will take the opportunity of consulting their consciences, listen to the voice of Palestinian civil society, and decline to cross this picket line.

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Scientists urged to boycott Israel biochemistry conference - The Electronic Intifada (blog)

Ligand (biochemistry) – Wikipedia

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In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically results in a change of conformation of the target protein. In DNA-ligand binding studies, the ligand can be a small molecule, ion,[1] or protein[2] which binds to the DNA double helix. The relationship between ligand and binding partner is a function of charge, hydrophobicity, and molecular structure. The instance of binding occurs over an infinitesimal range of time and space, so the rate constant is usually a very small number.

Binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces. The association of docking is actually reversible through dissociation. Measurably irreversible covalent bonding between a ligand and target molecule is atypical in biological systems. In contrast to the definition of ligand in metalorganic and inorganic chemistry, in biochemistry it is ambiguous whether the ligand generally binds at a metal site, as is the case in hemoglobin. In general, the interpretation of ligand is contextual with regards to what sort of binding has been observed. The etymology stems from ligare, which means 'to bind'.

Ligand binding to a receptor protein alters the chemical conformation by affecting the three-dimensional shape orientation. The conformation of a receptor protein composes the functional state. Ligands include substrates, inhibitors, activators, and neurotransmitters. The rate of binding is called affinity, and this measurement typifies a tendency or strength of the effect. Binding affinity is actualized not only by host-guest interactions, but also by solvent effects that can play a dominant, steric role which drives non-covalent binding in solution.[3] The solvent provides a chemical environment for the ligand and receptor to adapt, and thus accept or reject each other as partners.

Radioligands are radioisotope labeled compounds used in vivo as tracers in PET studies and for in vitro binding studies.

The interaction of most ligands with their binding sites can be characterized in terms of a binding affinity. In general, high-affinity ligand binding results from greater intermolecular force between the ligand and its receptor while low-affinity ligand binding involves less intermolecular force between the ligand and its receptor. In general, high-affinity binding results in a higher degree of occupancy for the ligand at its receptor binding site than is the case for low-affinity binding; the residence time (lifetime of the receptor-ligand complex) does not correlate. High-affinity binding of ligands to receptors is often physiologically important when some of the binding energy can be used to cause a conformational change in the receptor, resulting in altered behavior of an associated ion channel or enzyme.

A ligand that can bind to a receptor, alter the function of the receptor, and trigger a physiological response is called an agonist for that receptor. Agonist binding to a receptor can be characterized both in terms of how much physiological response can be triggered and in terms of the concentration of the agonist that is required to produce the physiological response. High-affinity ligand binding implies that a relatively low concentration of a ligand is adequate to maximally occupy a ligand-binding site and trigger a physiological response. The lower the Ki concentration is, the more likely there will be a chemical reaction between the pending ion and the receptive antigen. Low-affinity binding (high Ki level) implies that a relatively high concentration of a ligand is required before the binding site is maximally occupied and the maximum physiological response to the ligand is achieved. In the example shown to the right, two different ligands bind to the same receptor binding site. Only one of the agonists shown can maximally stimulate the receptor and, thus, can be defined as a full agonist. An agonist that can only partially activate the physiological response is called a partial agonist. In this example, the concentration at which the full agonist (red curve) can half-maximally activate the receptor is about 5 x 109 Molar (nM = nanomolar). Ligands that bind to a receptor but fail to activate the physiological response are receptor antagonists.

In the example shown to the left, ligand-binding curves are shown for two ligands with different binding affinities. Ligand binding is often characterized in terms of the concentration of ligand at which half of the receptor binding sites are occupied, known as the IC50, which is related to but different from the dissociation constant. The ligand illustrated by the red curve has a higher binding affinity and smaller Kd than the ligand illustrated by the green curve. If these two ligands were present at the same time, more of the higher-affinity ligand would be bound to the available receptor binding sites. This is how carbon monoxide can compete with oxygen in binding to hemoglobin, resulting in carbon monoxide poisoning.

Binding affinity is most commonly determined using a radiolabeled ligand, known as a tagged ligand. Homologous competitive binding experiments involve binding competition between a tagged ligand and an untagged ligand.[4] Real-time based methods, which are often label-free, such as surface plasmon resonance, dual polarization interferometry and Multi-Parametric Surface Plasmon Resonance (MP-SPR) can not only quantify the affinity from concentration based assays; but also from the kinetics of association and dissociation, and in the later cases, the conformational change induced upon binding. MP-SPR also enables measurements in high saline dissociation buffers thanks to a unique optical setup. Microscale Thermophoresis (MST), an immobilization-free method[5] was developed. This method allows the determination of the binding affinity without any limitation to the ligand's molecular weight.[6]

For the use of statistical mechanics in a quantitative study of the ligand-receptor binding affinity, see the comprehensive article[7] on the configurational partition function.

Binding affinity data alone does not determine the overall potency of a drug. Potency is a result of the complex interplay of both the binding affinity and the ligand efficacy. Ligand efficacy refers to the ability of the ligand to produce a biological response upon binding to the target receptor and the quantitative magnitude of this response. This response may be as an agonist, antagonist, or inverse agonist, depending on the physiological response produced.[8]

Selective ligands have a tendency to bind to very limited kinds of receptor, whereas non-selective ligands bind to several types of receptors. This plays an important role in pharmacology, where drugs that are non-selective tend to have more adverse effects, because they bind to several other receptors in addition to the one generating the desired effect.

Bivalent ligands consist of two drug-like molecules (pharmacophores or ligands) connected by an inert linker. There are various kinds of bivalent ligands and are often classified based on what the pharmacophores target. Homobivalent ligands target two of the same receptor types. Heterobivalent ligands target two different receptor types.[9] Bitopic ligands target an orthosteric binding sites and allosteric binding sites on the same receptor.[10]

In scientific research, bivalent ligands have been used to study receptor dimers and to investigate their properties. This class of ligands was pioneered by Philip S. Portoghese and coworkers while studying the opioid receptor system.[11][12][13] Bivalent ligands were also reported early on by Micheal Conn and coworkers for the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.[14][15] Since these early reports, there have been many bivalent ligands reported for various GPCR systems including cannabinoid,[16] serotonin,[17][18] oxytocin,[19] and melanocortin receptor systems,[20][21][22] and for GPCR-LIC systems (D2 and nACh receptors).[9]

Bivalent ligands usually tend to be larger than their monovalent counterparts, and therefore, not drug-like. (See Lipinskis rule of five.) Many believe this limits their applicability in clinical settings.[23][24] In spite of these beliefs, there have been many ligands that have reported successful pre-clinical animal studies.[21][22][19][25][26][27] Given that some bivalent ligands can have many advantages compared to their monovalent counterparts (such as tissue selectivity, increased binding affinity, and increased potency or efficacy), bivalents may offer some clinical advantages as well.

A privileged scaffold[28] is a molecular framework or chemical moiety that is statistically recurrent among known drugs or among a specific array of biologically active compounds. These privileged elements[29] can be used as a basis for designing new active biological compounds or compound libraries.

Main methods to study proteinligand interactions are principal hydrodynamic and calorimetric techniques, and principal spectroscopic and structural methods such as

Other techniques include: fluorescence intensity, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, FRET (fluorescent resonance energy transfer) / FRET quenching surface plasmon resonance, bio-layer interferometry, Coimmunopreciptation indirect ELISA, equilibrium dialysis, gel electrophoresis, far western blot, fluorescence polarization anisotropy, electron paramagnetic resonance, microscale thermophoresis

The dramatically increased computing power of supercomputers and personal computers has made it possible to study proteinligand interactions also by means of computational chemistry. For example, a worldwide grid of well over a million ordinary PCs was harnessed for cancer research in the project grid.org, which ended in April 2007. Grid.org has been succeeded by similar projects such as World Community Grid, Human Proteome Folding Project, Compute Against Cancer and Folding@Home.

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Ligand (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

Biochemistry Analyzer Market Analysis and Global Outlook 2019 to 2025 – Market Research Feed

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The GlobalBiochemistry Analyzer Marketresearch report offers an in-depth evaluation of each crucial aspect of the worldwide Biochemistry Analyzer industry that relates to market size, share, revenue, demand, sales volume, and development in the market. The report analyzes the Biochemistry Analyzer market over the values, historical pricing structure, and volume trends that make it easy to predict growth momentum and precisely estimate forthcoming opportunities in the Biochemistry Analyzer industry.

Request sample copy of this report at:

https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/09241476633/global-biochemistry-analyzer-market-professional-survey-report-2019/inquiry?Mode=49

Global Biochemistry Analyzer market overview in brief:

The biochemistry analyzers are very safe to use and require very less to determine and analyse chemical reactions and biological processes. Biochemistry analyzers basically operate on the principle of Lamberts and Beers law of photo-chemistry.

The factors that propel the growth of the Biochemistry Analyzers Industry Market include increasing demand for biochemistry analyzers, rising geriatric population, increasing R&D activities and growing population and urbanization. The increase in laboratory automation as one of the primary growth factors for this market. Laboratory automation results in greater improvement in productivity with safer working conditions, reduced operational cost, and reduction in labor force. Additionally, automation enables the effectiveness in the identification of samples, easy storage of data, less component consumption and sample volume, reduction, less occupied laboratory space and reduction in turnaround time. the Americas is expected to be the major revenue contributor to the market due to the growing population, as well as, the high prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases.

The Biochemistry Analyzer market has been reporting substantial growth rates with considerable CAGR for the last couple of decades. According to the report, the Biochemistry Analyzer market is expected to grow more vigorously during the forecast period and it can also influence the global economic structure with a higher revenue share.

SPECIAL OFFER (Get flat 20% discount on this report)

Avail Discount on this report at:

https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/09241476633/global-biochemistry-analyzer-market-professional-survey-report-2019/discount?Mode=49

Global Biochemistry Analyzer market overview in brief:

The report also evaluates driving forces of Biochemistry Analyzer market and changing dynamics which have been considered as growth-boosting factor. Also, the Biochemistry Analyzer study sheds light on limitations and restraints that could probably become obstruction while the Biochemistry Analyzer industry is proceeding to achieve substantial revenue. The report also aids readers to gain in-depth knowledge of a Biochemistry Analyzer market environment that comprises terms such as entry barriers, and trading policies as well as regulatory, political, financial and social concerns that may also hamper Biochemistry Analyzer market growth momentum.

TheLeading Playersinvolved in global Biochemistry Analyzer market are:

URIT Medical Electronic, ELITechGroup, EKF Diagnostics, Spinreact, Mindray, Danaher, Roche Diagnostics

Based ontype, the Biochemistry Analyzer market is categorized into:

Semi-Automatic Biochemical Analyzers, Fully Automated Biochemistry Analyzers

According toapplications, Biochemistry Analyzer market splits into:

Academic Research Institutes, Biotechnology Companies, Contract Research Organizations, Diagnostic Centres, Hospitals, Pharmaceutical Companies, Others

Browse the report description and TOC:

https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/09241476633/global-biochemistry-analyzer-market-professional-survey-report-2019?Mode=49

Regional Coverage:

Our analysts are experts in covering all types of geographical markets from emerging to mature ones. You can expect all-inclusive research analysis of key regional and country-level markets such as India, China, Japan, the U.S., Europe, and North America. With accurate statistical patterns and regional classification, we provide you one of the most detailed and easily understandable regional analysis of the global Biochemistry Analyzer market.

Leading segments of the global Biochemistry Analyzer market with reliable forecasts:

Later the Biochemistry Analyzer report studies decisive segments of the market, including applications, Biochemistry Analyzer types, technologies, end-users, and regions. It explains the importance and performance of each Biochemistry Analyzer segment considering demand, revenue share, growth prospects and sales volume. Also, the analysis helps the clients accurately determine the Biochemistry Analyzer market size to be targeted and forecast evaluation guide them in selecting remunerative segments that will drive Biochemistry Analyzer business growth in the near future.

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Biochemistry Analyzer Market Analysis and Global Outlook 2019 to 2025 - Market Research Feed

Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2017- URIT Medical … – First Newshawk

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The Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2017 Research Report investigates a thorough and complete study on Biochemistry Analyzers industry volume, market Share, market Trends, Biochemistry Analyzers Growth aspects, wide range of applications, Utilization ratio, Supply and demand analysis, manufacturing capacity, Price durinf Forecast period from 2017 to 2022

The research report labeled Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2017 presents the penetrating study of Biochemistry Analyzers market globally, concentrating on complete analysis of the present and past historical details of Biochemistry Analyzers market. The competitive landscape view of the Biochemistry Analyzers industry is also covered in this research document.

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Competitive Study of Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2017 Based on Key Vendors:

1 URIT Medical Electronic 2 Rayto Life and Analytical Sciences 3 ELITechGroup 4 Rayto Life and Analytical Sciences 5 EKF Diagnostics 6 Shenzhen Genius Electronics 7 Spinreact 8 Mindray

The report organizes the Biochemistry Analyzers market across the globe into distinct portion based on industry standards. It also distinguishes the market based on geographical regions. The report mainly throws light on dominant players in the regions of (United States, EU, China, and Japan). Other regions can be added accordingly.

Discrete aspects of the Biochemistry Analyzers industry like value chain analysis, Biochemistry Analyzers industry rules and policies, the factors driving the growth of the market and the constraints hampering the growth are explained.

In next section, the Biochemistry Analyzers report mentions the products that are currently available in the market along with their cost structures, manufacturing volume, requirement and supply analysis, import/export scenario and their overall contribution to the Biochemistry Analyzers market revenue globally.

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Further, the report analyzes the feasibility of investment, investment return analysis and shows a complete picture of market development scope and business strategies followed by leading Biochemistry Analyzers industry players along with their company profile, market share and contact information.

Lastly, the report enlists the vital conclusions that will assist all individuals who have a keen interest in Biochemistry Analyzers Market.

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Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market 2017- URIT Medical ... - First Newshawk

Biochemistry Analyser Market to Reach a Valuation of US$ 4625.3 Mn in Revenues during 2016-2024 – MilTech

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The clinical use of biochemistry analyzers in measurement solutions such as latex agglutination, ion-selective potentiometry, and colorimetric & photometric testing. In addition to this, accuracy of biochemistry analyzers in analyzing blood and urine samples has benefited pathology labs and diagnostic centers across the globe. Persistence Market Research predicts that the global demand for biochemistry analyzers will continue to soar on the grounds of such factors. A recent report published by Persistence Market Research projects that by the end of 2024, the global market for biochemistry analyzers will reach US$ 4,625.3 Mn in terms of value.

Key findings in the report cite that the use of chemistry analyzers spans from high-throughput clinical labs to point-of-care clinics, and its use for testing enzymes, electrolytes and proteins is gaining traction. The report current values the global biochemistry analyzer market at a little over US$ 3,000 Mn. During the forecast period, revenues generated through global sales of biochemistry analyzers are, thus, expected to soar at a steady CAGR of 5.5%.

Key Research Insights from the Report include:

Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Siemens AG, Beckman Coulter Inc., Abbott Diagnostics Inc., Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Hologic, Inc., Randox Laboratories, Ltd., Awareness Technology, Inc., Transasia Biomedicals Ltd., and Nova Biomedical Corp. are profiled in the report as key players of global biochemistry analyzer market.

A Sample of this Report is Available Upon Request @http://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/samples/6451

The report further reveals that fully-automated biochemistry analyzers will remain in great demand in the years to come. In 2017 and beyond, more than 85% of global biochemistry analyzer revenues will be accounted by sales of fully-automated biochemistry analyzers. Moreover, clinical diagnostics will also remain the largest application of biochemistry analyzers throughout the forecast period. Revenues accounted by global sales of biochemistry analyzers in clinical diagnostics are anticipated to register speedy growth at 5.7% CAGR. The report further identifies diagnostic centers as largest end-users of biochemistry analyzers in the world. On the other hand, rising number of point-of-care diagnostic labs instated in hospitals will render a key end-user of biochemistry analyzers. Together, hospitals and diagnostics centers will be responsible for procure over two-third of global biochemistry analyzers revenues through 2024.

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The use of biochemistry analyzers in drug development applications is also expected to gain traction in the future. Based on modality, the report forecasts that in 2016, more than 70% of the market value was accounted by bench-top biochemistry analyzers. However, towards the end of the forecast period, the demand for bench-top modality will incur a marginal decline, while floor standing biochemistry analyzers will bring in over US$ 1,200 Mn revenues.

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Biochemistry Analyser Market to Reach a Valuation of US$ 4625.3 Mn in Revenues during 2016-2024 - MilTech

Paul Babitzke elected as Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology – Penn State News

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UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. Paul Babitzke, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State, has been elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. Election as a Fellow recognizes members of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) who display excellence, originality and leadership and have made exceptional contributions to the advancement of microbiology.

Babitzke's research focuses on the regulation of gene expression where and when genes are used in a cell by RNA structure and RNA-binding proteins. He is interested in the fundamental mechanisms elongation and termination of how RNA molecules are transcribed from DNA, in addition to investigating a variety of genes in which RNA binding proteins control gene expression by transcription attenuation, repression of translation initiation, and/or mRNA stability.

Babitzke has been director of the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program at Penn State since 2013 and director of the Center for RNA Molecular Biology in the Penn State Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences since 2009. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2017 and is a member of the ASM, the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the RNA society. He was the keynote speaker at the Federation of European Biochemical Societies - American Society for Microbiology Conference on the Biology of RNA in host-pathogen interactions in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain in 2014 and was honored with the Daniel R. Tershak Memorial Teaching Award in 2009.

Babitzke joined the faculty at Penn State as an assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology in 1994, became associate professor in 2000, and professor in 2006. Prior to that, he was a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University from 1991 to 1994. Babitzke earned a doctoral degree in genetics at the University of Georgia in 1991 and a bachelors degree in biomedical science at St. Cloud State University in Minnesota in 1984.

Last Updated March 31, 2017

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Paul Babitzke elected as Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology - Penn State News

RNA Biologist Kristen Lynch Appointed Chair of Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Penn – Newswise (press release)

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Newswise PHILADELPHIA Kristen W. Lynch, PhD, has been appointed chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, following eight years as a tenured faculty member in the department.

Dr. Lynch has a broad vision of the future of biochemistry and biophysics at Penn, said J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD, executive vice president of the University of Pennsylvania for the Health System and dean of the Perelman School of Medicine. Her experience, talent, and collaborative spirit will foster strong ties among investigators within the department, as well as across Penn Medicine and the University. I am confident that under Dr. Lynchs leadership Penn will secure its place among the nations top biochemistry and biophysics departments.

Lynch, who is a professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, also holds a secondary appointment in the department of Genetics and has expertise in RNA biology and immunology. Her laboratory focuses on understanding the biochemical mechanisms and regulatory networks that control alternative gene splicing in response to antigens. (Antigens are toxins and foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and cells of transplanted organs, that stimulate the production of antibodies to protect an organism.)

Alternative splicing is a process in which a single gene codes for differentbut related forms of a given protein (called isoforms), each of which has similar functions. It eliminates the need for an organism to have large numbers of genes make distinctive proteins for carrying out similar functions throughout the body. Additionally, alternative splicing helps explain why humans have substantial genetic similarity with animals and insects, for example, yet such obvious physical and behavioral differences.

The Lynch laboratory specializes in understanding how alternative splicing is regulated in T cells when the cells are stimulated by an antigen during an immune response. Lynch and her team have identified more than 500 genes that undergo alternative splicing in response to T cell stimulation and have discovered some of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that lead to this regulation.

She received her doctorate from Harvard University in 1996 and completed her postdoctoral training at the University of California, San Francisco. Lynch joined the Penn faculty as an associate professor in the department of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2009, having been recruited from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, where she chaired the biological chemistry graduate program.

She is the author of more than 50 scientific papers in the leading journals in her field and the recipient of numerous awards and honors in recognition of her scientific achievements, including a National Science Foundation Career Award. Lynch founded and directs the campus-wide RNA Group, a central forum for investigators in and around Penn interested in RNA-related topics. Lynch has served as a director of the RNA Society, an international scientific organization; is an editor for Molecular and Cellular Biology; and has co-chaired several international meetings in the field of RNA processing.

Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $5.3 billion enterprise.

The Perelman School of Medicine has been ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States for the past 18 years, according to U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $373 million awarded in the 2015 fiscal year.

The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center -- which are recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report -- Chester County Hospital; Lancaster General Health; Penn Wissahickon Hospice; and Pennsylvania Hospital -- the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional affiliated inpatient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region include Chestnut Hill Hospital and Good Shepherd Penn Partners, a partnership between Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network and Penn Medicine.

Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2015, Penn Medicine provided $253.3 million to benefit our community.

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RNA Biologist Kristen Lynch Appointed Chair of Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Penn - Newswise (press release)

Science Day brings students to campus – The Dartmouth

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by Mika Jehoon Lee | 21 minutes ago

Students from local schools with an interest in science read weather maps, planted seedlings and examined sheep brain specimens at the fifth annual Science Day held this past Saturday, April 1 at various labs on campus.

According to fourth-year biochemistry graduate student and Science Day co-organizer Jessica DeSimone, this years attendance was the highest since its launch in 2013. A total of 171 adults accompanied 231 students at the event this year. DeSimone said that close to 200 adults and 300 students RSVPd for the event, but inclement weather may have accounted for the gap between expected and actual attendance.

Science Day is a free, drop-in event that features 15-minute long scientific demonstrations and hands-on activities geared toward students in sixth to ninth grade. According to DeSimone, Science Day was created to educate local community members about science and foster students passion for the subject. DeSimone said that Science Day was hosted by the group Graduate Women in Science and Engineering over the past few years, but this year it was independently organized by DeSimone, sixth-year biochemistry student Kelly Salmon and second-year biochemistry student Sarah Valles due to leadership changes in the group. They received funding for this years event from the School of Graduate and Advanced Studies. In addition to the three organizers, around 60 graduate students from eight different departments including biology, chemistry and psychology prepared 11 total activity stations for the event this year.

In the under the microscope station, students watched worms and flies glow under microscopes. According to third-year cellular and molecular biology graduate student Timothy Gauvin, a volunteer at the station, worms and flies provide a simple system for studying various human diseases, because the three species share a lot of similarities. Gauvin added that his love for microscopes got him interested in science and that he hoped students exposure to the activity would inspire their passion for science.

I thought it was cool to look at human cells under [microscopes] and as I investigated further, there was a lot of cool stuff you could do with this, Gauvin said. Im hoping kids of various ages can see that we have a lot of cool tricks.

Local middle school student Hope Cooper, who visited the under the microscope station, said that she enjoyed looking at worms under the microscope and learning about how worms hatch. Both Cooper and her father Adam Cooper attended Science Day two years ago and said that there were more microscopes and opportunities for students to use them this year than in years past.

Adam Cooper spoke highly of the benefit of such an event for students in exposing them to subjects they might study or pursue in the future.

The exposure for our kids to see what interests they may or may not have, to be able to see what they might want to do when they grow up and what they might not want to do when they grow up, [is] just a lot of good exposure to what their future might be, Adam Cooper said.

Meanwhile, in the soil and the world beneath our feet station, volunteers including ecology, evolution, ecosystems and society graduate student Ashley Lang Gr20 helped kids learn about mycorrhizal fungi and fossils. Lang said she wanted to introduce students to mycorrhizae, which grow in symbiotic relationships with plants, because it is poorly understood and many people are unaware of its existence.

Local elementary school student Nicholas Champine said that he enjoyed participating in Langs station and appreciated learning about fungis influence on plant growth.

Local elementary school student Charleigh Olmstead said that he specifically enjoyed playing the game Jet Stream Racer in the flowing rivers of air station. According to earth science graduate student Huanping Huang, the game allows students to become pilots and learn more about jet streams and gas. Jag Olmstead, Charleighs father, said that Science Day provided an opportunity of intellectual engagement for his children, as opposed to more typical recreational activities.

[Science Day] is something for the kids to enlighten their minds, learn something new and not play video games, Jag Olmstead said.

Rong Ding, whose elementary school-aged son participated in the flowing rivers of air station, said that the event provided his son with a unique opportunity to witness and participate in scientific experiments, which is not an everyday occurrence.

Science Day attendees were also given tours of the Thayer School of Engineering, where they visited the schools laboratories and made flubber, a rubbery polymer.

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Science Day brings students to campus - The Dartmouth

Global Biochemical Reagents Market To Gain Massive Profits During Projected Timespan – The News Brok

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TheGlobal Biochemical Reagents Market To Gain Massive Profits During Projected TimespanA fundamental outline of theBiochemical Reagents Marketniche is presented by the Biochemical Reagents Market report that entails definitions, classifications, applications together with industry chain framework. TheBiochemical Reagents Marketreport provides a far-reaching evaluation of necessary market dynamics and the latest trends. It also highlights the regional market, the prominent market players, as well as several market segments [Product, Applications, End-Users, and Major Regions], and sub-segments with a wide-ranging consideration of numerous divisions with their applications.

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Our Free Complimentary Sample Report Accommodate a Brief Introduction of the research report, TOC, List of Tables and Figures, Competitive Landscape and Geographic Segmentation, Innovation and Future Developments Based on Research Methodology

Some of the Major Market Players Are:

Becton, Dickinson & Company, Agilent TechnologiesInc., Merck & Co.Inc., Waters Corporation, and Abbott Laboratories. Other few key players in the biochemical reagents market are Johnson & Johnson, Siemens Healthineers, Roche Holding AG, Bio-Rad Laboratories, and Thermo Fisher ScientificInc.

Further, the report acknowledges that in these growing and promptly enhancing market circumstances, the most recent advertising and marketing details are very important to determine the performance in the forecast period and make essential choices for profitability and growth of the Biochemical Reagents Market. In addition, the report encompasses an array of factors that impact the growth of the Biochemical Reagents Market in the forecast period. Further, this specific analysis also determines the impact on the individual segments of the market.

Note In order to provide more accurate market forecast, all our reports will be updated before delivery by considering the impact of COVID-19.

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Furthermore, the study assessed major market elements, covering the cost, capacity utilization rate, growth rate, capacity, production, gross, usage, revenue, export, supply, price, market share, gross margin, import, and demand. In addition, the study offers a thorough segmentation of the global Biochemical Reagents Market on the basis of geography [ Latin America, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle & East Africa, and Europe] , technology, end-users, applications, and region.

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The Biochemical Reagents Market report is a collection of pragmatic information, quantitative and qualitative estimation by industry experts, the contribution from industry connoisseurs and industry accomplices across the value chain. Furthermore, the report also provides the qualitative results of diverse market factors on its geographies and segments.

The Biochemical Reagents Market report is an appropriate compilation of all necessary data for the residential, industrial. & commercials buyers, manufacturers, governments, and other stakeholders to implement their market-centric tactics in line with the projected as well as the prevailing trends in the Biochemical Reagents Market. Apart from this, the report also provides insightful particulars of the existing policies, laws, together with guidelines.

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Promising Regions & Countries Mentioned In The Biochemical Reagents Market Report:

Chapters Covered in Research Report are :

Chapter 1,2 :The goal of global Biochemical Reagents Market covering the market introduction, product image, market summary and development scope.

Chapter 3, 4 :Global Market Competitions by Manufacturers, Sales Volume and Market Profit.

Chapter 5,6,7:Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions like United States, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan. Conducts the region-wise study of the market based on the sales ratio in each region, and market share from 2015 to 2024

Chapter 8,9,10:Global Market Analysis by Application, Cost Analysis, Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11,12 :Market information and study conclusions, appendix and data sources.

The market report also identifies further useful and usable information about the industry mainly includes Biochemical Reagents Market development trend analysis, investment return and feasibility analysis. Further, SWOT analysis is deployed in the report to analyze the key global market players growth in the Biochemical Reagents Market industry

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Key questions answered in this comprehensive study Global Biochemical Reagents Market Size, Status and Forecast 2026

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Global Biochemical Reagents Market To Gain Massive Profits During Projected Timespan - The News Brok

Biochemical superglue opens new approach to vaccine development – Phys.Org

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March 31, 2017 Credit: University of Oxford

An Oxford University spinout company is developing a molecular superglue for the rapid development of vaccines targeting a range of diseases.

SpyBiotech is using 'biochemical superglue' that can facilitate the rapid development of robust and novel vaccines. The company has raised 4m at launch in seed financing to develop the technology, led by Oxford Sciences Innovation with participation from GV.

The company gets its name from the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy), the same organism behind a number of infections including strep throat and impetigo. The team behind SpyBiotech divided Spy into a peptide, SpyTag, and a protein partner, SpyCatcher. Naturally attracted to each other, the two form a covalent bond once combined.

SpyBiotech believes that this bond is the missing link to effective development and production of highly effective vaccines. The company will initially focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), a leading technology to induce immune responses by vaccination. Discovered in 1963, VLPs have become a cornerstone of a number of vaccines. Resembling viruses but without pathogenic material, VLPs can instead be coated with bug-busting antigens. However, the two most common ways in which a VLP can be paired with antigens genetic fusion and chemical conjugation are imprecise, expensive, prone to being misassembled, and consequently can result in the failure of a vaccine.

Conversely, SpyBiotech's SpyVLP can be easily and efficiently combined with a number of antigens, and used to produce stable vaccines that induce robust antibody responses. The company plans to target infectious diseases including major viral infections at first, with a view to developing SpyVLP into a universal platform that can be adapted to target a wide variety of conditions. In particular, owing to the versatile and easy-to-use nature of SpyVLP, the technology could underpin efforts to rapidly combat future outbreaks and pandemics.

SpyBiotech will use the seed funding to get its first candidates ready for Phase I trials. During that period, SpyBiotech's founders will receive support from its investors. The founders are aiming to start a further round of funding in the near future to catalyse the development of SpyVLP and expand into other disease areas. A leadership team, including the company's first CEO, will be announced in the coming months.

Sumi Biswas, Associate Professor at the Jenner Institute, Oxford University, said: 'Researchers in the vaccine field, including us, have struggled to make effective VLPs against many diseases for a long time. We view this superglue technology as a game changer to enable faster development of effective vaccines against major global diseases. We are excited to begin the journey of taking this versatile and innovative approach forward and moving our new vaccines from the laboratory to human clinical testing.'

Oxford Sciences Innovation (OSI), the patient capital investor for Oxford University, led the 4m investment, with GV (formerly Google Ventures), an independent venture capital arm of Alphabet, joining in participation.

Lachlan MacKinnon, Principal at OSI, said: 'We see the Spy technology as the missing link in rapid and robust VLP vaccine design and see GV as a natural co-investment partner to take this forward. We are privileged to be working with four founders who bring such an impressive combination of academic prowess and clinical stage experience to the company.'

Tom Hulme, General Partner at GV, added: 'SpyBiotech has established a novel approach using platform VLP vaccine technology that shows promise in a number of addressable markets. We're looking forward to working with a team of world class scientists with extensive experience in vaccine development spanning from vaccine design through to Phase II clinical trials to develop more effective vaccines for a wide range of global diseases.'

The research underpinning SpyBiotech was developed in conjunction between researchers at Oxford University's Department of Biochemistry and Jenner Institute, with four academics joining SpyBiotech at launch. The team includes: Mark Howarth, Professor of Protein Nanotechnology; Sumi Biswas, Associate Professor of Vaccinology; Simon Draper, Professor of Vaccinology; and Dr. Jing Jin. Combined, the founding team has taken twelve products to Phase I and II trials; filed nine patents on vaccines and other technologies; and has extensive experience in biotech and industrial collaborations and partnerships. The commercialisation of SpyBiotech's technology and company formation is supported by Oxford University Innovation, the research commercialisation company of Oxford University.

Carolyn Porter, Deputy Head of Technology Transfer at Oxford University Innovation, said: 'SpyBiotech punctuates research that's been developing for some time here at Oxford, and is a testament to the benefits of collaboration between our departments and institutes. Oxford is playing a leading role in developing the next generation of vaccines, and SpyBiotech and other spinouts working in this sector showcases the potential impact the University can have on the wider world.'

Explore further: Synthetic biologists use bacterial superglue for faster vaccine development

An interdisciplinary team of Oxford University researchers has devised a new technique to speed up the development of novel vaccines.

The Jenner Institute at Oxford University, together with partners Imaxio and GSK, has started a phase I clinical trial of a novel vaccine candidate aimed at blocking transmission of malaria.

Although many infectious diseases lack vaccines, current vaccine research is limited, primarily due to an understandable but unfortunate lack of commercial interest. A new article identifies and discusses the gaps in human ...

A spin-out from the University of Helsinki, Valo Therapeutics is developing novel oncolytic viral vaccines for the treatment of multiple forms of cancer. The therapeutic platform is projected to target cancer by recruiting ...

Scientists have identified new ways to provide vaccines against polio, which do not require the growth of live virus for their manufacture.

A new method to produce a stable fragment of poliovirus could enable safer production of vaccines, according to a study published in PLOS Pathogens.

(Phys.org)A team of researchers from several institutions in China and the U.S. has developed a way to use platinummolybdenum carbide to catalytically release hydrogen from methanol and water to power a hydrogen fuel ...

Some genetic mutations can cause a virus to flourish. Others make the virus wither away, unable to function normally and reproduce. Yet other genetic mutations only show their hand under certain conditions.

(Phys.org)A team of chemists at the University of California has developed a cheaper way to functionalize unactivated alkanes (hydrocarbons such as ethane, methane and propane) by using much more abundant catalysts. In ...

High energy, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is a known to hazard to life, yet the energy provided by our star has played an important role as the essential driver of life on Earth.

A newly developed small molecule selectively kills the pathogen causing sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. Scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen, along with colleagues from the Technical University of Munich and ...

Ceramic textiles, improved jet engine blades, 3-D printed ceramics and better batteries may soon become a reality, thanks to a recently patented polymer from a Kansas State University engineer.

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Biochemical superglue opens new approach to vaccine development - Phys.Org

CBD And The Advancement of Sleep Science – Magazine of Santa Clarita

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Are you one of the 68 percent of Americans that struggle with sleep? If so, you have probably spent your fair share of money trying to get relief. You are not alone. Its projected that Americans will spend 52 billion dollars on sleep aids and remedies in 2020. The issue is that most solutions dont work as well as you expect and as they claim to work. The Problem: No two people are exactly alike, and neither is their body chemistry. What our body needs one day, it may not need the next and for this reason, you may find that supplements work for you sometimes, while other times they dont have the same impact. Differences in the biochemical makeup of one individual is another reason why a particular supplement may work well for one individual but not for another.Sleep supplements and synergistic formulations: As you may know, medicines produced in laboratories often have a blend of compounds that work more effectively when paired with one another. This formulation process is similar to natural supplements as well. Combining multiple supplements that work synergisticly to one another, can achieve an outcome thats more effective on many different people, with different body chemistry.CBD and Sleep: Many people these days are turning to CBD in their search for better sleep. That said, it is true, CBD can help to promote and maintain a state of calmness, which can help, but may not be enough for some people.Advancements in Sleep Science: bZen Organics new CBD Advanced Sleep Formula is a proprietary blend of natures most potent ingredients designed to give you the optimal opportunity to get a good nights rest. Ingredients: 25mg of CBD per capsule, Melatonin, Passion Flower, Linden Flower, Ginkgo Biloba, Lemon Balm, Skullcap Root, Hops Flower, and Vitamin E & D.Dr. Crawford joins the bZen Organics Team with over 10 years of experience working as a Formulation Chemist and Supplement Formulator. She has a doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine, a Masters in Human Nutrition and a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry.

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CBD And The Advancement of Sleep Science - Magazine of Santa Clarita

Dispatches from Uganda: The Unknown Becomes Known – University of San Diego Website

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Editor's Note: A water quality research project in Uganda has the full attention of an interdisciplinary group including USD faculty members, students, President James T. Harris and his wife, Mary all of whom are excited to show what it means to make a difference in the world. Ryan T. Blystone, editor of the USD News Center, is in Uganda to document the trip.

Three weeks ago, much was unknown. Back then, some carried doubt and the few who had a good sense of what lay ahead still needed to adjust accordingly. The trio who specifically knew their role heading in understood that it would test them professionally and produce a well of emotions, all while providing the best care possible.

Eight women between the ages of 21-29 four undergraduate students, three doctoral nurse practitioners and one 2019 behavioral neuroscience alumna arrived in Uganda to ring in 2020 with varied visions of what this trip would ask of them and how they would respond.

"I talked to Molly (Klein), my lab partner, and (Chemistry Professor) James Bolender a lot before coming on the trip. They prepped me about what I was going to see, how people would act, how we'd stand out," said Kendyl Maher, a junior biochemistry major. "What I wasn't prepared for was that there are actual cities where we're visiting. Whenever you see Africa on the news about anything going on, it's only about poverty and how the people need help. I expected to see poverty everywhere, but there are cities, there's an economy and there's so much culture here. Where we've been staying, Montfort House, is so beautiful, with all the flowers and plants."

Maher, mechanical engineering student Christina Kozlovsky, and nurse practitioners Allison Bryden, Shaylyn White and Cara Fratianni were all newcomers to Uganda. Molly Klein, Marci Strong and Natalie North-Cole were on their second trip, having been in Uganda in January 2019 for Chemistry Professor Jim Bolender's water purification techniques in the developing world Intersession class.

"Last year I didn't really know what to expect," said Klein, a junior biochemistry major and standout cross-country and track athlete. "It was all new. The purpose was to just soak it all in, experience the culture and learn how to perform the chemical tests on the water. This time it felt a little more like I knew what I was doing, but I'm still a student. Every time I come here it's a learning experience."

The 2020 trip which was again led by Bolender, though not an official USD class was a research/business trip. There was the task of gathering and studying water samples for research purposes; Kozlovsky was looking into research for her senior engineering design project; faculty members and President James T. Harris met with local officials to strengthen connections; nursing students gained exposure to providing health care in a different country by way of day shifts at nearby Holy Innocents Children's Hospital in Mbarara, giving educational presentations to nursing staff and aiding the hospital with two pop-up medical clinics that served nearly 500 children in rural areas.

Each of these moments brought out something profound in each ofthe students.

On Instagram, Fratianni visually expressed her thoughts and feelings for everything she was able to do on this trip. Just prior to joining the group in Uganda to work in the hospital, she had taken on the challenge of climbing the famed Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Combining both experiences in Africa, she credited the continent for "showing me my inner strength and power as a woman."

But moments like those were only part of it. There were the times spent gathered for three meals a day, long rides on a school bus, van or a jeep-like vehicle on the rugged roads, playing volleyball at Montfort House, dancing, singing Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You" or playing Uno. Put all those moments together, mix in the hospitality and friendliness of Ugandan people and you have a recipe for a successful and memorable international experience.

"When I found out I was going to be coming to Uganda, I was very excited but also extremely nervous," Kozlovsky said. "I'd never traveled to a country in Africa before. All of the travel I've done out of the country, if not with my family, had been with a class. A research trip with people coming from all different majors was different. I didn't know anyone else but my faculty advisor, (Mechanical Engineering Professor and Chair) Dr. (Frank) Jacobitz. I was nervous to see how the interactions would go. But once I got here, the people were so welcoming. I've really held onto that; everywhere you go, you're most welcome. I feel as though I found a home here."

Three weeks later, closing in on 11 p.m. in the Entebbe, Uganda airport's Crest Cafe, goodbye hugs were exchanged. A few watery eyes were noticeable among the USD students and staff. Theyd become fast friends and experienced something together that will always bond them. Despite varying flight paths home, the chemistry that brought them together will remain on a What's App group chat, as a hashtag #uganda and via countless photos and videos.

These lasting memories are something special, which will forever be well known.

Ryan T. Blystone

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Dispatches from Uganda: The Unknown Becomes Known - University of San Diego Website

SINTX Technologies Announces Publication of Study to Reduce the Spread and Transfer of Coronavirus – Business Wire

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SALT LAKE CITY--(BUSINESS WIRE)--SINTX Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: SINT) (SINTX or the Company), an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) ceramics company focused on silicon nitride and its applications, today announced positive testing results demonstrating the anti-viral properties of its silicon nitride which may be useful in the reduction of the spread of COVID-19. The study results demonstrated that SINTXs unique grade of silicon nitride inactivates the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a minute after exposure, and has the potential to decrease the risk of viral disease spread on surfaces.

Studies have shown that coronavirus spreads between humans when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Also, the virus can remain active on a variety of commonly touched surfaces for hours to days. SINTX believes that by incorporating its unique composition of silicon nitride into products such as face masks, and personal protective equipment, it is possible to manufacture surfaces that inactivate viral particles, thereby limiting the spread of the disease. SINTX envisions incorporating its silicon nitride into high-contact surfaces such as medical equipment, screens, countertops, and doorknobs in locations where viral persistence is a concern, such as homes, casinos, and cruise ships.

The study builds upon years of research toward understanding the basic biochemistry of silicon nitride, said Dr. Sonny Bal, President, and CEO of SINTX. The antiviral attributes of silicon nitride are consistent with the known antibacterial behavior of silicon nitride. The results with coronavirus inactivation are likewise consistent with an earlier study that showed similar inactivation of other viruses, including Influenza A and Enterovirus, both of which cause human disease.

The study and testing results show promise toward developing a new category of face masks for healthcare professionals and general consumers, said Bruce Lorange, Founder, and CEO, O2TODAY. Face masks used by healthcare workers today can capture virus particles, but the virus can remain viable in the mask, even as long 7 days after use. Inclusion of silicon nitride technology into the mask may enhance personal safety while reducing the risk of disease spread.

This antiviral discovery opens many new opportunities for SINTX. In composites, coatings, and mixtures, silicon nitride has maintained its antibacterial and osteogenic properties, even at small fractions. We believe that incorporating our material into a variety of commonly-touched surfaces will discourage viral spread, and contribute to global health by reducing the risk of disease, Dr. Bal added.

The present study was done independently, with SINTX supplying its silicon nitride for the testing. The complete data and study can be downloaded at bioRxiv. Additional tests are underway at several U.S. research centers to further understand the isolation and optimization of the antiviral properties of silicon nitride; those results will be shared as they become available.

About SINTX Technologies, Inc.

SINTX Technologies is an OEM ceramics company that develops and commercializes silicon nitride for medical and non-medical applications. The core strength of SINTX Technologies is the manufacturing, research, and development of silicon nitride ceramics for external partners. The Company manufactures silicon nitride material and components in its FDA registered and ISO 13485 certified facility. For more information on SINTX Technologies or its silicon nitride material platform, please visit http://www.sintx.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended (PSLRA) that are subject to several risks and uncertainties. Risks and uncertainties that may cause such differences to include, among other things, that SINTX has not developed any PPE products which incorporate the use of silicon nitride, incorporation of silicon nitride into PPE may not be safe or effective; the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including the cost and time required to advance our products to regulatory submission; market acceptance of our products once cleared and commercialized; our ability to raise additional funding and other competitive developments. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made and reflect managements current estimates, projections, expectations, and beliefs. There can be no assurance that any of the anticipated results will occur on a timely basis or at all due to certain risks and uncertainties, a discussion of which can be found in SINTXs Risk Factors disclosure in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 26, 2020, and in SINTXs other filings with the SEC. SINTX disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. SINTX undertakes no obligation to publicly revise or update the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report.

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SINTX Technologies Announces Publication of Study to Reduce the Spread and Transfer of Coronavirus - Business Wire

Global Warming Potentially Impacts Processes Responsible for Biodiversity – AZoCleantech

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Written by AZoCleantechJan 24 2020

Considering the present situation of climate change, an international research team has performed a new study that highlights the adverse, potential impact of global warming on processes responsible for biodiversity.

This was one of the conclusions of the international study, led by scientists from the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and Pablo de Olavide University (UPO).

The study explores the mechanisms that contribute to the evolutionary success of Carexone of the three largest genera of flowering plants in the world. The outcomes indicate that this evolutionary success is associated with the planets comparatively cold climate during the last 10 million years. This climatic condition favored the colonization of novel ecosystems and territories.

Carex is a class of herbs that belong to the sedge family (Cyperaceae), a family that also features popular species like tiger nut or papyrus. So far, over 2000 Carex species have been found throughout the world, inhabiting an extensive range of ecosystems. These species can be found from the coasts to the highest mountains and to the poles of the tropics, even though they are invariably connected to regions with cold and temperate climatic conditions.

In a majority of the areas, particularly in the northern hemisphere, the Carex species belong to a part of specific types of dominant vegetation and play an important ecological role in habitats as diverse as peat bogs, wetlands, grasslands, tundra, forest understories, or lake and river borders. These plants are also a vital source of food for various herbivorous mammals and waterfowl, and a few of them have nutritional or medicinal properties that are leveraged by human beings.

The research looked at the analysis of the causes that contributed to the huge diversity of the Carex species and eventually concluded that climate cooling was the major factor behind their speciation.

The study is the first to deal with global distribution patterns and diversification of a megadiverse genus of plants and suggests that not only is climate warming causing the extinction of species, but also could negatively affect the processes that generate them.

Santiago Martn-Bravo, Study Main Co-Author and Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Universidad Pablo De Olavide

In this research, a combination of fossil and genetic data was used to expose the causes of the global diversification of Carex species. The study demonstrated that this kind of genus evolved in Asia, from where it was able to colonize areas worldwide and also different ecological niches, which is indeed remarkable. While this process was ongoing, Carex species have been evidently favored by the cold global climate that persisted for the last 10 million years.

This can be seen by the harmony of regional cooling events like Pleistocene glaciations or the freezing of Antarctica, and the large emergence of Carex species in areas impacted by these climatic changes, for example, New Zealand or North America.

The studys conclusions offer a wide general interest to figure out when, why, and how species were produced. Such conclusions can also help in understanding the causes of the non-uniform distribution of species, and particularly the role played by the global climate as a driver of the genesis of biodiversity.

These questions are particularly significant in the current context of climate crisis and mass extinction of species, which emphasizes the need to know and understand how nature responds to the climate if we are to preserve and manage it in a sustainable way.

Pedro Jimnez-Mejas, Study Main Co-Author and Researcher, Department of Biology, University of Madrid

The research appeared on the cover of the November issue of the Journal of Systematics and Evolution, an international scientific journal.

The study indicates the culmination of over 10 years of work that started with the postdoctoral project of Jimnez-Meja. Developed in the United States, this project has allowed international association between a group of evolutionary botanists and biologists from institutions located in 10 countries, among which the United States and Spain (with scientists from the Royal Botanic Gardens in Madrid, Autonomous of Madrid and Seville, and Pablo de Olavide universities) stand out.

Source: https://www.upo.es/portal/impe/web/portada?lang=en

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Global Warming Potentially Impacts Processes Responsible for Biodiversity - AZoCleantech

Impact of the Proportion of Biopsy Positive Core in Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Patients with Pathological Pt2 and Negative Resection Margin…

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This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with pathological T2 (pT2) prostate cancer (PCa) and negative resection margin (RM) status at a single institution. In this retrospective study, we examined 386 patients who were diagnosed with pT2 PCa with negative RM after RP. The length of the tumor was provided for each biopsy core and the overall percentage of PCa was calculated by a pathologist at our institution. We estimated the BCR-free survival (BRFS) in these patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model to determine the risk factors of BCR. The median age of the participants was 68years, and their initial prostate-specific antigen level was 6.55ng/mL. The median follow-up period was 85.7months. The 5-year BRFS rate of the participants was 89.0%. The 5-year BRFS rates were 89.8% in patients with a biopsy Gleason score of 6, 90.4% in those with 7, and 64.1% in those with 8 (P=0.007). The BRFS rate was 93.3% in patients who had a biopsy positive core 20% and 82.0% in those who had 21% (P=0.001). Based on the multivariate analysis, the proportion of biopsy positive core was significantly associated with BCR. The proportion of biopsy positive core may predict preoperative covariates in patients with pT2 PCa and negative RM status after RP.

Pathology oncology research : POR. 2020 Jan 08 [Epub ahead of print]

Masaaki Oikawa, Toshikazu Tanaka, Takuma Narita, Daisuke Noro, Hiromichi Iwamura, Yuki Tobisawa, Tohru Yoneyama, Hirotake Kodama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Takuya Koie, Chikara Ohyama

Department of Urology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, 041-8680, Japan., Department of Urology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, 030-8553, Japan., Department of Urology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, 036-8545, Japan., Department of Urology, Mutsu General Hospital, Mutsu, 035-8601, Japan., Department of Urology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Aomori, 038-0003, Japan., Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan., Department of Urology, Tsugaru General Hospital, Goshogawara, 037-0074, Japan., Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. .

PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916185

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Impact of the Proportion of Biopsy Positive Core in Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Patients with Pathological Pt2 and Negative Resection Margin...