How to Pronounce Inulin – Video

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How to Pronounce Inulin
Learn how to say Inulin correctly with EmmaSaying #39;s "how do you pronounce" free tutorials. Definition of inulin (oxford dictionary): noun [mass noun] Biochemistry a complex of sugar present in the roots of various plants and used medically to test kidney function. It is a polysaccharide based on fructose. Origin: early 19th century: from Latin inula (identified by medieval herbalists with elecampane) + -in1 http://www.emmasaying.com Take a look at my comparison tutorials here http://www.youtube.com Subscribe to my channel here : http://www.youtube.com

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Cholesterol Plays Key Role In Cell Signaling

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Featured Article Main Category: Cholesterol Also Included In: Biology / Biochemistry Article Date: 01 Jan 2013 - 0:00 PST

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Principal investigator Wonhwa Cho, professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and colleagues, write about their discovery in a paper published earlier in December in the journal Nature Communications.

Usually, news about cholesterol tends to focus on its role in heart disease, as a result of which it has acquired somewhat of a bad reputation. But cholesterol is an essential component of healthy cells.

Until recently, however, because it is found sandwiched between the inner and outer surfaces of cell membranes, cell biologists thought cholesterol's main work was confined to interactions with other molecules in the membrane.

For instance, in 2011, a team of scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of California, Irvine, using neutron diffraction, revealed how cholesterol helped to "maintain order" within the cell membrane.

But Cho and colleagues have discovered cholesterol also appears to interact with proteins in the interior of the cell.

In this latest study, they reveal how cholesterol interacts with a scaffold protein. A scaffold protein uses its physical structure to bring together other proteins so they can pass signals to each other. They have protein binding sites that offer the signaling proteins a place to latch onto.

The authors found that cholesterol binds to a region on the scaffold protein where one of its signaling partners also binds. And they discovered that disruption of the cholesterol binding to that site also stopped the partner from activating.

"Here we show that cholesterol specifically binds many PDZ domains found in scaffold proteins, including the N-terminal PDZ domain of NHERF1/EBP50 ... Disruption of the cholesterol-binding activity of NHERF1 largely abrogates its dynamic co-localization with and activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, one of its binding partners in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells," they write.

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01. Blame – Artificial Intelligence – Video

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01. Blame - Artificial Intelligence
Download Link: http://www.mediafire.com Tracklisting: 01. Blame - "Artificial Intelligence" 02. Bloc Party - "Banquet (Phone Disco Edit)" 03. Crisis - "You Like My Style" 04. Damian Marley - "Hey Girl" 05. Damian Marley - "Welcome to Jamrock" 06. Drummattic Twins - "Twister" 07. Lady Sovereign - "Random" 08. Lee Combs - "Shiver (Plump DJs Mix)" 09. Logistics - "Release The Pressure" 10. Logistics - "Static" 11. Morning Wood- "Jetsetter" 12. Nemesis - "Alter Ego" 13. Nina Black Alps- "Not Everyone" 14. Paul Wall - "Sittin #39; Sidewayz" 15. Plump DJs - "The Rub Off" 16. Plump DJs - "Soul Vibrates" 17. Sean Paul - "Breakout" 18. Slim Thug - "Playa You Don #39;t Know" 19. Smith Mighty - "B Line Fi Blow (Feat. Niji 40)" 20. Soul Of Man - "Foxy Morno" 21. Stat Quo - "Like Dat" 22. Stereophonics - "Brother" 23. Stereophonics - "Doorman" 24. Sunchase - "As We Look" 25. The Game - "Higher"

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University of Zürich Artificial Intelligence Lab shows off Roboy robot

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Another incredibly creepy robot has turned up, this time from the University of Zrichs Artificial Intelligence Lab. The creepy robot has a gigantic smooth head and exposed Terminator components. The bot is called Roboy and was built with help from both engineers and scientists.

The team hopes that Roboy might become a blueprint for service robots that are able to work with humans and provide services such as support for elderly people. The robot stands 1.2 m tall and is driven by a series of mechanical tendons giving it the ability to move around. The tendon functionality in the robot is said to closely mimic the function of human tendons allowing Roboy to move like a human does.

For now, the robot is still in the construction phase. Development has involved the completion of the torso, leg development, and computer-assisted drafting of the entire robot along with assembly and teaching the robot to move. The team announced in the middle of December that the robot was getting a new face and can already moved his arms.

While the robot has exposed components right now, it would eventually be covered with a soft skin to make the robot more comfortable for humans to touch. The design team is trying to raise money to help complete the construction of the robot by selling logo space on the robot body where names or company logos can be engraved. Check out the video below to see the robot in action.

[via Phys.org]

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University of Zürich Artificial Intelligence Lab shows off Roboy robot

Local aerospace marketing website named among best of its kind

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An international economic development journal has ranked Daytons Ohio Aerospace Hub website among the worlds top economic development websites for 2012.

The publication fDi Intelligence, a unit of the London-based Financial Times Group, specializes in foreign direct investment and the business of globalization.

The Ohio Aerospace Hubs website, created by Atomic Interactive, a Dayton-based web design firm, tied for 12th internationally in digital marketing among economic development websites and placed third among economic zone websites, which serve special areas targeted for development within a city, state or country. Another Ohio website that scored high was the Columbus Region, which came in at No. 2 in the website rankings just behind an Irish site.

This is a great acknowledgement of the hard work we are doing as a community to promote Dayton as a place for aerospace companies to be, said Keith Klein, senior development specialist with the city of Dayton.

The Ohio Aerospace Hub was designated by the state as a location for aerospace research and innovation. Hub partners include the city of Dayton, the University of Dayton, CityWide Development Corp. and the Dayton Development Coalition.

In October, commercial jet manufacturer Airbus said it wants to double the $12 billion it spends each year in the U.S. on aircraft components and signed an agreement with local officials that could establish a manufacturing training center in the Dayton area.

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State has work ahead to keep aerospace jobs

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Published: Monday, December 31, 2012, 12:01 a.m.

But in 2012, the Boeing Co. delivered the first 787 aircraft built in South Carolina. And within a few years, Alabama will join the jet-making club when Airbus workers in Mobile deliver their first A320.

Keeping Washington's aerospace industry happy is a necessity for government officials in 2013, as the state swears in a new governor.

"The challenge for the state of Washington is: How are they going to continue to grow the aerospace industry with the budget woes they've got?" said Scott Hamilton, an analyst with Issaquah-based Leeham Co.

More to the point: Can the state retain what it has?

In recent years, with the help of industry organizations, the state and local governments in Washington have gotten behind training and education efforts geared at the aerospace industry. With her term waning, Gov. Chris Gregoire earlier this month included another $26 million for aerospace training in her 2013 to 2015 budget proposal.

But it will be up to Gov.-elect Jay Inslee to set the state's aerospace strategy.

"Aerospace is one of the priority clusters in (Inslee's) jobs plan," Sterling Clifford, an Inslee spokesman, said in an interview Friday.

A looming wave of aerospace workers retiring will put pressure on the state to ensure there's a training plan in place to meet the industry's needs. Inslee is aware of that, Clifford said.

Linda Lanham, executive director of the Aerospace Futures Alliance, advocated for many of the worker training programs that are in place.

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State has work ahead to keep aerospace jobs

Having serious fun in the MBL physiology course

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Public release date: 27-Dec-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Diana Kenney dkenney@mbl.edu 508-289-7139 Marine Biological Laboratory

WOODS HOLE, MASS. -- What happens when graduate students in biology are given the freedom to play, dabble in new fields, launch into the unknowns of genuine research, not worry about getting "good" results?

In the case of the MBL Physiology course, one outcome has beenparadoxicallyan extraordinary level of new knowledge and publications generated by student-and-faculty teams.

In the Dec. 21 issue of Science magazine, several scientists who have directed the Physiology course detail their winning formula for instilling in students the passion for and ability to conduct "real research," as lead author Ron Vale of University of California, San Francisco, describes it.

The article presents the overwhelmingly positive feedback from a poll of Physiology course alumni from 2004 to 2010; and the remarkable list of 23 research papers and 59 meeting abstracts that developed out of Physiology course projects from 2005 to 2012.

Vale and Tim Mitchison of Harvard Medical School co-directed the Physiology course from 2004 to 2009 and revamped it in significant ways: (1) an equal number of students from cell biology and from physical sciences are admitted (2) students go through a "boot camp" to learn research techniques outside their fields and to begin thinking and stretching beyond their comfort zones (3) faculty give students the kernel of a "real" research problem not an exercise and the students develop an experimental plan, reporting back on what they found at the end of 11 intense days (often working 14 hours a day!)

And if they find nothing? Not a problem! "That's most of what is going on!" Vale says. "Learning from failure is a crucial part of being a scientist." The atmosphere the course intentionally creates is "intense, yet low-risk," minimizing "the fear of failure or of appearing ignorant, factors that impede students, as well as senior scientists, from venturing into new fields or learning new approaches," the article states.

Very often, students and faculty become so inspired by a research problem that they continue to work on it after the course ends, at their home institutions. That is how the seven-week Physiology course has generated so many publications.

The positive impact on students is evident from the alumni poll, which includes comments like, "I am now much more likely to try new experiments even though they seem nearly impossible. This attitude has had a very positive influence on the fun I have being a scientist, which is also reflected in the results."

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Having serious fun in the MBL physiology course

Ocean Avenue Review WheySmart Nutritional Weight Management

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Nutrition: Jenny's Barbecue Chicken, Rice, Corn – Video

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Nutrition: Jenny #39;s Barbecue Chicken, Rice, Corn
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Nutrition: Jenny's Barbecue Chicken, Rice, Corn - Video

Nutrition examined as key element in cattle reproduction

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South Dakota State University professor Cody Wright and University of Nebraska Extension researcher Rick Funston each focused on nutrition and its benefits in cow herds at the Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle conference in Sioux Falls, S.D., earlier this month.

Wright talked about mineral nutrition, noting that there are far more questions than answers on the subject, although research is continuing.

Funston, who works at the universitys North Platte research center, said beef producers can change the growth curve in cattle by fetal programming, including putting more cattle out on corn residue and supplementing diets in winter grazing systems to improve not only the mothers health but also those of calves even before they are born.

Wright said mineral supplements are small in proportion to total nutrition intake but critical to growth, immune function and reproduction in beef cattle herds.

He said when he was an Extension specialist, one of the most common questions he received about sick calves or reproduction problems was whether there were mineral deficiencies.

Nine times out of 10, it had nothing to do with the mineral formulation. It was usually right on the money. But the problem is that it was formulated for three ounces of intake, but the cows were only eating one (ounce), he said.

Calcium and phosphorus are the two main, or macro, minerals needed.

Calcium plays a tremendous role in animal reproduction, Wright said. He said its closely tied to sperm motility, fertilization of eggs and enabling of sperm to travel to an egg. Mother Nature has a safety net in the bones for calcium intake, but its not a big mineral to be concerned about as a supplement.

The mineral is found in forage. Wright said studies show that calcium in forage decreases over time as plants mature, so there is more of a benefit to a supplement in the springtime.

Phosphorus, Wright said, also plays a critical role in reproduction and is an important component of an animals DNA. It plays a role in sperm production, egg production and egg fertilization.

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Nutrition examined as key element in cattle reproduction

Visionary UI biologist Carl Woese, 84, dies

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Carl Woese, the University of Illinois microbiology professor credited with the discovery of a third domain of life, died Sunday at his home in Urbana. He was 84.

In 1977, Mr. Woese and his colleagues overturned a universally held assumption about the basic structure of the tree of life. Microbes, now known as archaea, are as distinct from bacteria as plants and animals are, they wrote in a published paper. Prior to this finding, scientists had lumped archaea together with bacteria and asserted that the tree of life had two main branches bacteria (called prokarya), and everything else (eukarya). Their discovery added archaea as a third main branch of the evolutionary family tree.

We are all saddened at the passing of Dr. Woese and our collective thoughts are with his family, Chancellor Phyllis Wise said in a press release. It is truly impossible to adequately describe or to categorize his contributions to the University of Illinois, to biology and to the world during his long and distinguished career here. The campus community has lost one of our giants this week, she said.

Mr. Woese was born on July 15, 1928, in Syracuse, N.Y. He earned bachelors degrees in math and physics from Amherst College and a Ph.D. in biophysics at Yale University. He studied medicine at the University of Rochester, was a postdoctoral researcher in biophysics at Yale and worked as a biophysicist at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, N.Y., before he joined the microbiology faculty at the UI in 1964. He was also a professor at the UI's Institute for Genomic Biology.

Carl was truly a man of vision, creativity and passion, with a deep love of this university, said Gene Robinson, director of the UI's Institute for Genomic Biology in a statement. Carl not only rewrote the textbook in evolutionary biology, but his discovery also has given us the tools today to study the human microbiome, the incredibly diverse and complex assemblages of microorganisms in our bodies that contribute so much to both health and disease.

Woese received a number of awards for his research: a MacArthur Foundation grant in 1984, election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1988, the Leeuwenhoek Medal (microbiologys premier honor from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) in 1992, a National Medal of Science in 2000 and many more.

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Visionary UI biologist Carl Woese, 84, dies

Biology trumps need in bargain hunt

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Feeling a compulsion to spend money even though there is nothing you really need?

Dont worry, its just biology. The Australian Retailers Association predicts $14.8 billion will be spent in the coming weeks, helped along by human nature and the fear that if youre not in the shops, youre missing out.

As human beings, you assume that if lots of people want something, then we need to be part of it it is the scarcity effect basically, Dr Paul Harrison, a senior lecturer in consumer behaviour and advertising at the Deakin Graduate School of Business, said.

If lots of people want it, it has more value. If we are looking around and everyone is grabbing for towels, even if we dont need them, we feel that if we miss out which the whole scarcity thing is; well miss out on something important.

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That is part of what makes us human we are really responding to animal instincts at sale time and research has actually shown that a different form of thinking goes on in our brain when we see words like 'sale' or 'free'.

We actually over ride the rational part of our brain with the emotional part of our brain, so it is a chemical process as much as anything else.

That psychological response, Dr Harrison said, was helped along by marketing messages.

In a positive light, I would say that people tend to respond well to marketing messages, but in a negative light, you could probably argue that people have a tendency to look at what other people are doing and what messages are being broadcast to help us to make decisions; so if we are constantly being told that these sales are amazing and lots of people are going to go there, then theres a degree of behaviour which suggests maybe if I dont go, Ill miss out.

One of the really interesting things is the way retailers are saying it is not going to be a great year, it is only a growth of three to four percent, but in reality, that kind of growth is pretty good, we just got used to unreasonable amounts of growth from the early '90s until recently, particularly for retailers.

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Biology trumps need in bargain hunt

Biology trumps good sense

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Feeling a compulsion to spend money even though there is nothing you really need?

Dont worry, its just biology. The Australian Retailers Association predicts $14.8 billion will be spent in the coming weeks, helped along by human nature and the fear that if youre not in the shops, youre missing out.

As human beings, you assume that if lots of people want something, then we need to be part of it it is the scarcity effect basically, Dr Paul Harrison, a senior lecturer in consumer behaviour and advertising at the Deakin Graduate School of Business, said.

If lots of people want it, it has more value. If we are looking around and everyone is grabbing for towels, even if we dont need them, we feel that if we miss out which the whole scarcity thing is; well miss out on something important.

Advertisement

That is part of what makes us human we are really responding to animal instincts at sale time and research has actually shown that a different form of thinking goes on in our brain when we see words like 'sale' or 'free'.

We actually over ride the rational part of our brain with the emotional part of our brain, so it is a chemical process as much as anything else.

That psychological response, Dr Harrison said, was helped along by marketing messages.

In a positive light, I would say that people tend to respond well to marketing messages, but in a negative light, you could probably argue that people have a tendency to look at what other people are doing and what messages are being broadcast to help us to make decisions; so if we are constantly being told that these sales are amazing and lots of people are going to go there, then theres a degree of behaviour which suggests maybe if I dont go, Ill miss out.

One of the really interesting things is the way retailers are saying it is not going to be a great year, it is only a growth of three to four percent, but in reality, that kind of growth is pretty good, we just got used to unreasonable amounts of growth from the early '90s until recently, particularly for retailers.

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Biology trumps good sense

Staphylococcus aureus: Why it just gets up your nose!

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Public release date: 27-Dec-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Gina Alvino galvino@plos.org Public Library of Science

A collaboration between researchers at the School of Biochemistry and Immunology and the Department of Microbiology at Trinity College Dublin has identified a mechanism by which the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonizes our nasal passages. The study, published today in the Open Access journal PLOS Pathogens, shows for the first time that a protein located on the bacterial surface called clumping factor B (ClfB) has high affinity for the skin protein loricrin.

S. aureus is a major human pathogen, with the potential to cause severe invasive diseases. It is a major cause for concern in hospitals and healthcare facilities, where many infections are caused by strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics [MRSA]. Interestingly, S. aureus persistently colonizes about 20% of the human population by binding to skin-like cells within the nasal cavity. Being colonized predisposes an individual towards becoming infected so it is vital that we understand the mechanisms involved.

ClfB was previously shown to promote S. aureus colonization in a human nasal colonization volunteer study. This paper now identifies the mechanism by which ClfB facilitates S. aureus nasal colonization. Purified ClfB bound loricrin with high affinity and this interaction was shown to be crucial for successful colonization of the nose in a mouse model. A knockout mouse lacking loricrin in its skin cells allowed fewer bacterial cells to colonize its nasal passages than a normal mouse. When S. aureus strains that lacked ClfB were used nasal colonization could not be achieved at all. Finally it was shown that soluble loricrin could reduce binding of S. aureus to human nasal skin cells and that nasal administration of loricrin reduced S. aureus colonization of mice.

Rachel McLoughlin, the study's corresponding author and Lecturer at the School of Biochemistry and Immunology at Trinity College Dublin concludes, "Loricrin is a major determinant of S. aureus nasal colonization." This discovery therefore opens new avenues for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of nasal carriage and consequently infections with this bacterium. This is particularly important given the difficulties associated with treating MRSA infections.

###

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: This project was funded by a Science Foundation Ireland Programme Investigator award 08/IN.1/B1845 to TJF and a Wellcome Trust RCDF (WT086515MA) to RMM. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

CITATION: Mulcahy ME, Geoghegan JA, Monk IR, O'Keeffe KM, Walsh EJ, et al. (2012) Nasal Colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus Depends upon Clumping Factor B Binding to the Squamous Epithelial Cell Envelope Protein Loricrin. PLOS Pathog 8(12): e1003092. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003092

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Staphylococcus aureus: Why it just gets up your nose!

Health tips if you want to live over 100

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Dr. Marchione & Bel Marra Health/Special to the Sun

Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein was first published in 1818. In this world-renowned classic, Dr. Frankenstein tries to carry out his dream of extending life by restoring body parts of the dead. His plan backfires and he creates a monster. This fictitious characters quest seems so far-fetched, but the desire to create ever-lasting life may not be so out of touch after all. They say now-a-days 40 is the new 50 and 50 is the new 60, and so on. People are working harder and harder to look younger and live longer.

Aging is something we cant avoid, but Americans still spend millions on anti-aging products and are always looking for the next best anti-aging solution. Doctors and nutritionists around the world will still tell us that if you want to live a long life the key steps aredont smoke, exercise regularly, eat wholesome foods, and avoid fats.

In the last decade there has been a lot of emphasis on the science of aging and how to live a longer, healthier life. What scientists have discovered is that there is a lot more to hitting that magic number; 100 than those key steps mentioned above. Heres a look at some science based health tips you can consider if you want to live to be 100 or older.

Inflammation and Aging

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. Studies show that gum disease can contribute to cardiovascular disease. Gum disease which creates inflammation may be responsible for the problem. Although the inflammation theory continues to be debated, recent investigations including one involving researchers in Italy and the U.K have pointed to a protein called CRP that is associated with inflammation. The scientists believe that simple teeth brushing and flossing could help reduce the risk of the inflammation and therefore the risk of heart disease.

Eastern cultures have used herbs for centuries believing that they have anti-aging properties and the ability to help ward off problems like inflammation. In recent years western based researchers have come to suggest that curcumin; a substance found in the yellow colored Indian spice turmeric, can be effective in reducing inflammation.

One study, published this month in Phytotherapy Research indicates that curcumin has been effective in helping people who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, and that it could have other unexpected anti-aging effects.

Sleeping and Anti-Aging

A good nights sleep always does wonders for our bodies. It restores and rejuvenates us. Some say it even helps us look younger when we get a full 8 hours in. Sleep specialists say that catching the right amount of Zzzs can lengthen your life. A lot of sleep research has been conducted through the University of Pittsburgh, where they have concluded that sleep disturbances have serious health effects on life expectancy. It seems those who dont get enough sleep have to turn to health providers more often. One study of 185 older adults, showed 66 who stayed awake for long periods of time during the night, passed away. The study, published in Psychosomatic Medicine did factor in any health issues the participants had at the time of the experiment.

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Health tips if you want to live over 100