Islands out of time

There is something special about islands. I can't remember a time when I did not love islands.

The first movie I ever saw that didn't star Hopalong or Roy was "The Swiss Family Robinson." And the first book I read that was thicker than my thumb was "Robinson Crusoe," and "Treasure Island" was not far behind.

The first islands I got to explore firsthand were hummocks rising out of the Pearl River swamp on my grandfather's farm near Philadelphia, Miss. The largest of these encompassed at least 15 acres of bottomland -- big enough to accommodate a field of hay and the barn in which to stow it. And after every good rain, that hay field would sprout arrowheads, gifts to us young'uns from artisans long dead.

It was a magical place, a crossroads for game animals, migrating birds, fishermen and hunters, and sometimes a Choctaw would pass this way and kneel in the muddy ground just like we did, marveling at the earth that grew arrowheads long after their makers had abandoned them. Were those points offerings to the animal spirits, or were they discarded as flawed? To me, every one was a marvel.

After touring Fort Massachusetts on Ship Island and Fort Gaines on Dauphin Island at age 3 or so, I started to associate islands with forts. I was still too young or too dense to equate that hayfield of arrowheads with the massive fortifications favored by the European settlers. But it was all there right in front of me to discover -- fresh water bubbled from an artesian spring and spilled into the swamp teeming with fish and game, nuts from hickory, pecans and chinquapins. Some years, my grandfather planted a few rows of corn and greens of several kinds for the critters that shared the island with us.

After I got my first pair of bird-worthy binoculars, I quickly realized forts on islands are no longer where they keep the guns, but they are almost always where you can find good birding.

My wife, Lin, and I have traced the outline of our continent, skipping from fort to refuge to fort to garbage dump to swamp and to the next fort. But we still keep returning to those first islands I explored as a boy. And no matter how far we travel away from the Gulf Coast, we return to the shores of Dauphin Island at least for spring and fall migrations. We've been coming for decades now.

The most hallowed ground on Dauphin Island is Shell Mound Park. At first, I thought the shell mound was just that -- a big pile of oyster shells. But this pile of shells was a place to shelter from cold winters, a place to swap seeds and plants and stories with other tribes, and it was a burial ground. And I can't help believing some of those folks just came to partake of a little bird watching while trading and gorging on oysters.

And on this island I finally realized my grandfather's hayfield in the swamp was, indeed a fortress -- no, that's the wrong word -- it was a sanctuary. And I imagine Native Americans of several bands visited there during the winters to swap with each other. Maybe they just wanted to get away from the rest of their family. Maybe my grandfather's island was once a clubhouse with its own secret handshake. One thing is sure; they certainly had lots of arrowheads lying around.

We birders still come to bear witness to the miracle of migration. And we've watched the overall number of birds dwindle from a flood to a trickle.

Excerpt from:

Islands out of time

Challenges to Press Freedom

Challenges to Press Freedom

Bhanu Bhakta Acharya

Press freedom is cornerstone in building strong democracies, enhancing good governance, and promoting justice and peace. It plays a vital role in the transformation of society by reshaping its political, economic and social aspects to defend and promote freedom of expression.

Along with the countries around the world, Nepal is celebrating the 21st World Press Freedom Day with the slogan Safe to speak: Securing freedom of expression in all media emphasises the safety of journalists and media workers, combating impunity of crimes against freedom of expression, and securing a free and open Internet are the key themes included in the slogan, which are very contextual in the Nepalese press freedom scenario. In the context of high level of political vulnerability, after the failure of the Constituent Assembly, and uncertain election, the relevance of the theme is significantly contextual to our socio-political milieu.

Over the past two decades, the world has experienced the revolution in newsrooms, such as the rise of the 24/7 news cycle, online journalism, blogs, social networks, podcasts, webcasts and citizen journalism. Social media, notably Facebook and Twitter, have provided a wide platform to democratic voices against the decades old totalitarian and repressive regimes. However, these developments have not yet opened the way to greater respect for basic freedoms because new threats to freedom of expression keep emerging in the digital news environment. Moreover, the challenges of press freedom in Nepal has not been diminished in the period of past one year. Some of the key challenges of press freedom in our context are as follows:

Security of journalists

Nepal ranks 118th position in the international press freedom index by Reporters' Without Borders' stepping down 12 places than previous year. There have been reports of threats, misbehavior, manhandling, physical attacks, detention, harassment and incidents of censorship recorded at different levels during the period of one year. In addition, different interest groups including persons of authority, leaders of political parties, and cadres of armed groups targeted journalists, seized equipments and vandalised their vehicles as an expression of their resentment. However, the perpetrators were rarely brought to justice system since they had strong political back up. This trend rapidly promoted self-censorship among journalists; as a result issues of public importance were seldom reported. Recurring threats, interference in editorial independence, physical attack and blackmailing tactic pushed the country's press freedom scenario into a deep vulnerability.

Protection of news source

It is one of the basic conditions for press freedom. Many countries have clearly mentioned this provision in their legal documents including the constitution. Journalists in Nepal, however, are compelled to divulge the information source during the process of administrative justice or court proceedings. Death threats and other forms of systematic harassment also force them to reveal the sources of information, which is, by profession, every journalist has to keep confidential. Even though, this provision is evidently articulated in the code of conduct for journalists, Nepal has not developed a comprehensive legal framework till date so remains cause of threat to press freedom. Owing to this, the vulnerability of press freedom remained manifested during the period.

Partisan press

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Challenges to Press Freedom