NASA Funding Shuffle Alarms Planetary Scientists

Agency restructuring will postpone a major grants program for one year

Image: RSS, JPL, ESA, NASA

Scott Guzewich spent six years as a weather forecaster in the Air Force before switching to his dream career as a planetary scientist. Guzewich now studies the Martian atmosphere as a postdoctoral fellow at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

But Guzewichs dream job may be turning into a nightmare. On 3 December, NASAs planetary science division announced a restructuring of how it funds its various research and analysis programs. And what sounded like a bureaucratic shuffle touched a raw nerve among US planetary scientists, who already feel singled out in an era of shrinking budgets.

In particular, a newly formed research program that will cover roughly half of all planetary science proposals will not be calling for new grant submissions in 2014. Researchers who draw the bulk of their salaries from grants will have no place to apply.

Now I have to basically skip 2014 and submit in 2015, says Guzewich. If nothing gets funded in that call, then I guess its time for me to go to Walmart.

Salary stream Almost all US planetary scientists are funded, at least in part, by NASAs $1.2-billion planetary sciences division. Many older and more established researchers get money from individual missions such as the Mars Curiosity rover or the Cassini Saturn probe. Younger scientists, such as Guzewich, must rely more heavily on the roughly $250-million pot known as the research and analysis budget. This is the money designated to scientists exploring the data streaming back from planetary missions. According to a 2010 survey by the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, nearly half of US planetary scientists depend on this program for more than half of their salaries.

The restructuring, described in a virtual town-hall meeting organized by NASA managers, came as a shock to many. People are afraid that their jobs are going away, says Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Its terrifying.

Few dispute that the research and analysis program needed fixing. The reshuffle eliminates a large and unwieldy list of funding programs and reorganizes them into five themes: emerging worlds, Solar System workings, habitable worlds, exobiology and Solar System observations.

The biggest and potentially most popular of the new areas is Solar System workings. But at the town-hall meeting, NASAs Jonathan Rall said that funding proposals in this field are not likely to be due until February 2015. That was the last straw for many researchers who live from grant to grant, because most of their existing funding is likely to expire well before money becomes available for the new Solar System workings area.

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NASA Funding Shuffle Alarms Planetary Scientists

NASA ending VAB tours at Kennedy Space Center in February

By Jerry Hume , Reporter Last Updated: Monday, January 20, 2014, 9:25 AM CAPE CANAVERAL --

Visitors to the Kennedy Space Center have less than a month to get inside a KSC icon.

NASA is picking up the pace of work at KSC so the space agency is ending tours inside the Vehicle Assembly Building after February 11.

NASA has allowed visitors a special inside look at the VAB for more than two years.

The iconic NASA building is where workers prepared the Apollo rockets and Space Shuttles for their missions to space. After the retirement of the shuttle program, for an extra fee, the visitor complex took guests inside.

But now NASA is getting ready to make space in the VAB for the next generation of heavy lift rocket, the Space Launch System so February 11 will be the last day inside for tourists.

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NASA ending VAB tours at Kennedy Space Center in February

Cache and Not Carry: Next Mars Rover to Collect Samples for Return to Earth—Someday

NASA calls for rover instrument proposals, but some resent the space lost to storage of samples for retrieval by an unspecified future mission

Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Have rover, need payload. Thats the state of things for NASA, which is planning to launch its next rover to Mars in 2020. The rover has ambitious goals, including searching for signs of habitability and life on the Red Planet, and collecting rock samples to be stored for future return to Earth. Now, NASA is asking scientists to propose instruments that will help the spacecraft accomplish its mission.

The space agency released an announcement of opportunity on September 24 calling for proposals by December 23. Researchers who plan to put an instrument in the hat must file a heads-up about their plans, called a notice of intent, by October 15.

The design of the 2020 rover will hew closely to that of Curiosity, which landed on Mars in August 2012. The new vehicle will have the same basic body, called a chassis, and will use the same sky crane landing system to be lowered onto the surface. But the innards of the rover will be all new, featuring a suite of instruments that move beyond what Curiosity can do.

The instruments must accomplish specific goals for the rover set out in a July report by its Science Definition Team, which disbanded after the report was issued. The goals include scouting for habitable locations and looking for possible signs of past life there, such as microbial fossils and concentrations of organic material. The rover will also be tasked with digging up rock core samples and storing them for future retrieval and return to Earth by a future spacecraft, where they can be studied in laboratories with much more sophisticated instruments than anything that can be sent to Mars.

Because sample storage will take up room inside the rover, however, it wont be able to carry instruments for analyzing dug-up samples on Mars as Curiosity does. Curiosity has flown really high-end instruments to do its measurements on the surface of Mars, says Jack Mustard of Brown University, who chaired the Science Definition Team. What this coming rover will do is arguably a better job of finding materials that are interesting. Its somewhat upgraded in its capabilities to do remote measurements. It doesnt try to do any in situ analysis like Curiositys Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instruments do.

But that decision has angered some Mars scientists, who say the rover will have to sacrifice too much of its instrument space for caching samples. I think if were going to have a Curiosity duplicate rover in 2020, it should be loaded with instruments to do in situ science, says Robert Zubrin, co-founder and president of the Mars exploration advocacy nonprofit, The Mars Society. This one says its going to have 28 kilograms of science instruments. Curiosity has 80 kilograms. Theyve reduced the science payload by a factor of three in order to have this caching function, which may not have any utility whatsoever. Zubrin says it leaves too much up to chance to have the return of these samples rely on an unspecified mission in the future making a precision rendezvous and landing at the same spot to collect them.

The Science Definition Team members say the 2020 rover will still be able to do significant science, and its important to initiate Mars sample return now. This mission I think will be on par, in terms of what we learn, with Curiosity, and hold the future prospect of being able to learn 10 times more by bringing samples back to Earth. None of us are going looking for Klingons, but wed be thrilled if we could help find a sample that contains microbes, says Scott Murchie at Johns Hopkins Universitys Applied Physics Laboratory, who was a member of the team.

The rovers goal of collecting samples for return follows from the conclusions of the planetary science decadal survey published by the National Research Council in 2011. It combined input from hundreds of scientists to prioritize the various science projects of interest to the planetary science community over the coming decade. Rated above all other goals, including a mission to Jupiters intriguing moon Europa, was the aim to begin the process of returning samples from Mars to Earth.

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Cache and Not Carry: Next Mars Rover to Collect Samples for Return to Earth—Someday

Western scientists look to Chinese medicine

In the quest for new treatments, U.S. researchers are looking to traditional Chinese medicines, some of the oldest remedies in the world.

A recent discovery resulted in a better treatment for a type of leukemia that strikes about 1 in 250,000 people in the U.S. Another study found a potential new painkiller in China's medicine chest. Other researchers are studying a traditional medicinal plant called "thunder god vine" for its anti-cancer properties.

The approach has already had some success. The Chinese herbal medicine artemisinin, for instance, has gone on to become the most potent anti-malarial drug available.

Not all the leads have panned out, of course. But the old field has shown enough potential to keep interest high.

A better leukemia treatment drawn from an ancient medicine should give us hope for developing anti-cancer drugs, says Dr. Samuel Waxman, a co-author of the report and professor of medicine and cancer specialist at Mount Sinai Hospital. "It gives a lot of optimism of seeking other types of cancer medicines in the Chinese pharmacopedia, which many people are looking into," Waxman says.

The treatment uses arsenic trioxide, which has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved arsenic trioxide (sold as Trisenox here) as a treatment in 2000, and later research showed that patients who received standard chemotherapy followed by arsenic trioxide did better than patients who just received standard chemotherapy.

But a big clinical test recently found that the drug, in combination with all-trans retinoic acid another drug commonly used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) turned out to be more effective than the usual chemotherapy.

That results means arsenic trioxide should become the new standard for patients that can use it, says Dr. Richard Stone, director of the adult acute leukemia program at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

"So this was a cure for leukemia without chemotherapy, really for the first time in a large randomized trial," says Stone. "We've got a patient in the hospital right now who's receiving that very therapy."

He says there are still side effects from the new regimen affecting the skin and heart, but for most people they're less of a problem than the hair loss, vomiting and diarrhea that can come with chemotherapy.

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Western scientists look to Chinese medicine

NEWS: Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze Features Online Leaderboards, Video Replay

It's on like... never mind.

Donkey Kong Tropical Freeze includes online leaderboards.

The ranking system includes the typical Nintendo rank sorting options. Global Top Rank allows you to to view top records from around the world, while Global Player Rank shows records surrounding your current rank. Friends Top Rank lists the rankings of those on your friend list.

The system allows you to upload a replay video for others to see. You can post one video per level, and you are given the option to update this video only whenever you beat your best time on a level.

The ranking screen shown in the embedded image includes a number of icons. The first is a medal, which is awarded based on your time. The camera icon indicates whether a viewable replay is available. The heart icon is a special designation, showing that the stage was cleared without taking damage.

Finally, the Kong buddy icon tells you which buddy was used in a course, if a buddy other than the default was used in a level. Specific Kong barrels can be bought in Funky's shop, and when activated, will which Kong will show up.

Banana coins can be spent in a capsule machine in Funky's shop. Much like in Super Smash Bros., character models are unlocked in this manner. Like the previous game, Tropical Freeze also includes unlockable music, art, and dioramas. Along with those numerous secrets, Hard Mode makes a return, promising a huge amount of replayability.

Check back later today for exclusive gameplay videos of Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze! Until then, check out the latest batch of screenshots in our gallery.

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FRANCE: National and Stratified Development of Genomic Medicine in France – Thierry Frebourg – Video


FRANCE: National and Stratified Development of Genomic Medicine in France - Thierry Frebourg
January 8, 2014 - Genomic Medicine Centers Meeting VI: Global Leaders in Genomic Medicine. More: http://www.genome.gov/27555775.

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Novel Nanotherapy Breakthrough May Help Reduce Recurrent Heart Attacks and Stroke

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Newswise Up to 30 percent of heart attack patients suffer a new heart attack because cardiologists are unable to control inflammation inside heart arteries the process that leads to clots rupturing and causing myocardial infarction or stroke.

But a report in Nature Communications by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai scientists showcases the development of a new technology that may provide a solution to this high risk of repeat heart attacks and potentially help save more lives.

An international research team, led by Mount Sinai investigators, designed and tested a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticle loaded with a statin drug. In mouse studies, they show this HDL nanotherapy is capable of directly targeting and lowering dangerous inflammation in blood vessels.

Not only could the HDL nanotherapy potentially avert repeat heart attacks, it may also have the power to reduce recurrent strokes caused by clots in brain arteries, says the studys senior investigator, Willem Mulder, PhD, Associate Professor of Radiology in the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

We envision that a safe and effective HDL nanotherapy could substantially lower cardiovascular events during the critical period of vulnerability after a heart attack or stroke, says Dr. Mulder.

While we have much more to do to confirm clinical benefit in patients, our study shows how this nanotherapy functions biologically, and how this novel concept could potentially also work in the clinical setting to solve a critical problem, says Dr. Mulder. This nanotherapy would be the first of its kind.

Inject HDL Statin Nanotherapy Right After Heart Attack and Stroke Treatment The research team, led by two PhD graduate students as first authors Raphael Duivenvoorden, MD, and Jun Tang, MS fashioned the nanoparticle to resemble an HDL cholesterol particle. In fact, the nanoparticle binds on to the same receptors as natural HDL in order to deliver the statin drug.

Oral statin medications used by millions of people today work primarily in the liver to reduce levels of unhealthy lipids, such as low density lipoproteins (LDL), that circulate in the blood. Statins also exert a very weak dampening effect on some inflammatory cells, foremost those called macrophages that hide within plaque in the arterial walls.

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Novel Nanotherapy Breakthrough May Help Reduce Recurrent Heart Attacks and Stroke

Paul Edward Sax, MD – The Most Important Studies in HIV Medicine in the Past Year, and Why – Video


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