Collaboration elevates WNY to top 20% in national health care ranking

Western New Yorks health care system ranked in the top 20 percent 54th out of 306 regions studied in a national ranking for access to health care, prevention and treatment, according to a new study.

The Commonwealth Fund, a nonprofit that studies health care issues, cited the region for being a strong performer despite the disadvantages of a weak economy and poverty.

The organization examined 42 indicators to determine the rankings, including immunization rates, health insurance coverage, avoidable hospital admissions, cancer-related deaths and safer prescribing processes for medications.

There is a strong correlation between poverty and poor performance in this ranking. We are a poor region but landed in the top quartile. That is noteworthy, said Dr. Michael W. Cropp, CEO of Independent Health.

Were a community with limited resources that is finding ways to create more value in health care, Cropp said.

Three findings stood out. The Buffalo area, compared to other parts of the United States, has succeeded at developing partnerships among nonprofit health plans and physicians to improve quality. Also, a regional electronic health information exchange shares clinical and administrative data. The Commonwealth Fund also pointed out cooperative community health organizations such as the P2 Collaborative of Western New York.

The report noted efforts by some physician groups to work with insurers and hospitals to improve care, highlighting the Buffalo Medical Group, a large private practice, and Catholic Medical Partners, the organization that represents the 900 physicians affiliated with the Catholic Health System.

The doctors in Catholic Medical Partners have collectively hired more than 240 care coordinators to help manage patients with chronic diseases, according to the report. In addition, a team of registered dieticians offers nutrition education. And the practice association also employs performance incentives to promote the use of electronic medical records.

As a result of these and other measures, the percentage of diabetic patients whose condition was under control increased to 32.2 percent, from 13.9 percent, over a three-year period, and hospital readmissions declined significantly, the researchers said.

The Commonwealth Fund also lauded efforts to develop community organizations to foster collaboration among health care providers, patients, payers and others.

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Collaboration elevates WNY to top 20% in national health care ranking

Changing the DNA alphabet

A scientific breakthrough has expanded the way genetic information can be stored.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

(CNN) -- All of life as we know it on Earth -- pigs, pandas, fish, bacteria and everything else -- has genetic information encoded in the same way, with the same biological alphabet.

Now, for the first time, scientists have shown it is possible to alter that alphabet and still have a living organism that passes on the genetic information. They reported their findings in the journal Nature.

"This is the first experimental demonstration that life can exist with information that's not coded the way nature does (it)," said Floyd Romesberg, associate professor of chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California.

Medicine can greatly benefit from this discovery, Romesberg said. There's potential for better antibiotics and treatments for a slew of diseases for which drug development has been challenging, including cancers.

The findings also suggest that DNA as we know it on Earth may not be the only solution to coding for life, Romesberg said. There may be other organisms elsewhere in space that use genetic letters we have never seen -- or that don't use DNA at all.

"Is this alien life? No," he said. "Does it suggest that there could be other ways of storing information? Yes."

How they did it

For their genetic experiments, Romesberg and colleagues used molecules, called X and Y, that are completely different from the four building blocks of DNA.

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Changing the DNA alphabet

Genetic approach helps design broadband metamaterial

A specially formed material that can provide custom broadband absorption in the infrared can be identified and manufactured using "genetic algorithms," according to Penn State engineers, who say these metamaterials can shield objects from view by infrared sensors, protect instruments and be manufactured to cover a variety of wavelengths. "The metamaterial has a high absorption over broad bandwidth," said Jeremy A. Bossard, postdoctoral fellow in electrical engineering.

"Other screens have been developed for a narrow bandwidth, but this is the first that can cover a super-octave bandwidth in the infrared spectrum."

Having a broader bandwidth means that one material can protect against electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of wavelengths, making the material more useful. The researchers looked at silver, gold and palladium, but found that palladium provided better bandwidth coverage.

This new metamaterial is actually made of layers on a silicon substrate or base. The first layer is palladium, followed by a polyimide layer. On top of this plastic layer is a palladium screen layer. The screen has elaborate, complicated cutouts -- sub wavelength geometry -- that serve to block the various wavelengths. A polyimide layer caps the whole absorber.

"As long as the properly designed pattern in the screen is much smaller than the wavelength, the material can work effectively as an absorber," said Lan Lin, graduate student in electrical engineering. "It can also absorb 90 percent of the infrared radiation that comes in at up to a 55 degree angle to the screen."

To design the necessary screen for this metamaterial, the researchers used a genetic algorithm. They described the screen pattern by a series of zeros and ones -- a chromosome -- and let the algorithm randomly select patterns to create an initial population of candidate designs. The algorithm then tested the patterns and eliminated all but the best. The best patterns were then randomly tweaked for the second generation.

Again the algorithm discarded the worst and kept the best. After a number of generations the good patterns met and even exceeded the design goals. Along the way the best pattern from each generation was retained. They report their results in a recent issue of ACS Nano.

"We wouldn't be able to get an octave bandwidth coverage without the genetic algorithm," said Bossard. "In the past, researchers have tried to cover the bandwidth using multiple layers, but multiple layers were difficult to manufacture and register properly."

This evolved metamaterial can be easily manufactured because it is simply layers of metal or plastic that do not need complex alignment. The clear cap of polyimide serves to protect the screen, but also helps reduce any impedance mismatch that might occur when the wave moves from the air into the device.

"Genetic algorithms are used in electromagnetics, but we are at the forefront of using this method to design metamaterials," said Bossard.

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Genetic approach helps design broadband metamaterial

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