Notthingham seminar series takes a look at Big Bang

For 85 years, the Amateur Astronomers Association of Pittsburgh has promoted popular astronomy in Western Pennsylvania and focused on the education of the general public and its members in the science and hobby of astronomy.

To foster this goal, the Mingo Creek Park Observatory in Nottingham scheduled a series of seminars in April of this year, called "The Birth, Life and Death of Stars." Another series of lectures, called "The Big Bang and Then Some,will begin at 7:30 p.m. Sept. 9 and be held on four consecutive Tuesdays.

Bill Roemer, an AAAP member for 18 years from South Fayette, will lead the seminars, starting with "Where We Are and Where Were Going." Session 2 on Sept.16 will take a look at the earliest fraction of time in the history of the universe, called the Planck epoch after Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Max Planck.

"We dont really know what happened at this time and may never know," said Mr. Roemer, former director of Mingo Creek Park Observatory. "Someday quantum mechanics may be able to provide an answer, but at this point we just dont know."

Session 3 on Sept. 23 is about when the universe rapidly expanded and gravity "decoupled" from other forces, which include the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism.

"In the initial Planck epoch, the four fundamental forces were unified and the temperatures were extremely hot," Mr. Roemer said. "Between the times discussed in Session 2 and 3, gravity was no longer unified with the other fundamental forces and temperatures were cooling, and modern physics is now better able to understand what was happening then."

The final session of the series on Sept. 30, "Afterglow," will take the audience up to 10 seconds after the Big Bang and then leap forward to 380,000 years. It will cover the remnants of the Big Bang called the cosmic microwave background, which is still evident in the universe.

Ken Kobus, associate director of the Mingo Creek Park Observatory from BethelPark, said the AAAP is trying to rid people of the notion that they have to understand the math behind the beginning of the universe to understand what happened.

"People should just open up their minds to grasp the logic behind the beginning of the universe," he said. "They might have to listen to the theory a couple of times, but they will be able to understand it without being a mathematician."

Mr. Roemer has a mathematics degree from Youngstown State University and a masters in divinity from the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. An ordained minister, he is retired but still preaches at different Presbyterian churches almost every Sunday. He also runs Philanthropy Focus Inc., a business that recruits development officers for the nonprofit sector.

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Notthingham seminar series takes a look at Big Bang

Best View Yet of Merging Galaxies in Distant Universe

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Newswise An international team of astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) -- among other telescopes -- has obtained the best view yet of a collision between two galaxies when the Universe was only half its current age.

To make this observation, the team also enlisted the help of a gravitational lens, a galaxy-size magnifying glass, to reveal otherwise invisible detail. These new studies of galaxy HATLAS J142935.3-002836 have shown that this complex and distant object looks surprisingly like the comparatively nearby pair of colliding galaxies collectively known as the Antennae.

"While astronomers are often limited by the power of their telescopes, in some cases our ability to see detail is hugely boosted by natural lenses created by the Universe," explains lead author Hugo Messias of the Universidad de Concepcin in Chile and the Centro de Astronomia e Astrofsica da Universidade de Lisboa in Portugal. "Einstein predicted in his theory of General Relativity that, given enough mass, light does not travel in a straight line but will be bent in a similar way to a normal lens."

Cosmic lenses are created by massive structures like galaxies and galaxy clusters, which bend light from objects behind them due to their strong gravity -- an effect called gravitational lensing. The magnifying properties of this effect allow astronomers to study objects that would otherwise be invisible and to directly compare local galaxies with much more remote ones, when the Universe was significantly younger.

For these gravitational lenses to work, however, the foreground lensing galaxy and the one beyond need to be precisely aligned.

"These chance alignments are quite rare and tend to be hard to identify," adds Messias, "but, recent studies have shown that by observing at far-infrared and millimeter wavelengths we can find these cases much more efficiently."

HATLAS J142935.3-002836 (or H1429-0028 for short) is one of these sources and was found in the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (HATLAS). It is among the brightest gravitationally lensed objects in the far-infrared regime found so far, even though we are seeing it at a time when the Universe was just half its current age.

To study this object in further detail, the astronomers started an extensive follow-up campaign using an impressive collection of incredibly powerful telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope, ALMA, the Keck Observatory, and the VLA, among others.

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Best View Yet of Merging Galaxies in Distant Universe

Astronomy History and Future Come Together at the South Carolina State Museum

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Looking through the historic 12 3/8 refractor. Credit: South Carolina State Museum.

Seeking out science and astronomy in South Carolina? Youre in luck, as were pleased to report the South Carolina State Museums brand-spanking new planetarium and astronomical observatory opened to the public earlier this month. Part of a 75,000 square foot expansion project dubbed Windows to New Worlds, the renovation puts the museum on the cutting edge of STEM education and public outreach. And not only does the new expansion include one of the largest planetariums in the southeastern U.S., but it also features the only 4D theater in the state of South Carolina. The observatory, planetarium and brand new exhibits present a fascinating blend of the grandeur of astronomical history and modern technology.

Exploring the universe Credit: South Carolina State Museum/Sean Rayford.

What we have built represents a quantum leap forward for South Carolina in the areas of cultural tourism, recreation and especially education, said executive director of the South Carolina State Museum Willie Calloway in a recent press release. Our new facility is building opportunity opportunity for students to thrive, opportunity for our economy to grow and opportunity for our guests to be entertained in new ways.

The 12 3/8 refractor prior to installation in the observatory. Photo by author.

We first visited the South Carolina State Museum in 2012when plans for the planetarium and observatory were just starting to come together. The large Alvan Clark refractor now in the observatory was on display in the main museum, but much of the telescopes in the museums collection of antique instruments and gear were yet to be seen by the public.

A collection of eyepieces and adapters from the Robert Ariail collection. Photo by author.

We firmly believe that a telescope out under the night sky is a happy telescope, and its great to see the old 12 3/8 Alvan Clark refractor in action once again!

A brass solar flip adapter. Photo by author.

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Astronomy History and Future Come Together at the South Carolina State Museum

On the search for 'New Physics'

29.08.2014 - (idw) Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz

Young particle and hadron physicists from Germany and Europe will be meeting at the Frauenwrth Benedictine Abbey on Lake Chiemsee in Germany The venue for the 2014 Summer Graduate School "Symmetries and Fundamental Interactions" will be the Frauenwrth Abbey near the Bavarian Alps. The participants will be focusing on subjects such as the physics of the Higgs particle, the search for "New Physics," and the corresponding unifying theory that will greatly expand our understanding of elementary particles and fundamental forces. The summer school is being organized by the DFG-funded Research Training Group 1581 "Symmetry Breaking in Fundamental Interactions," the Cluster of Excellence "Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter" (PRISMA), and the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics (MITP) at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. From September 1 to 5, some 80 participants from Mainz and other institutions in Germany and Europe will come together to discuss the current status of experimental and theoretical fundamental physics with lecturers and internationally eminent researchers. (For the program and other information, please see http://indico.mitp.uni-mainz.de/conferenceProgram.py?confId=22.)

Further information: Professor Dr. Stefan Weinzierl Theoretical High Energy Physics (THEP) Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz D 55099 Mainz, Germany phone + 49 6131 39-25579 fax +49 6131 39-24611 e-mail: weinz001@uni-mainz.de http://www.thep.physik.uni-mainz.de/45.php#L_Weinzierl__Prof__Dr__Stefan Weitere Informationen:http://www.symmetrybreaking.uni-mainz.dehttp://www.prisma.uni-mainz.dehttp://www.mitp.uni-mainz.de

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On the search for 'New Physics'

San Francisco Bay Area cancer survivor will be honored with ASTRO's 2014 Survivor Circle Award

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26-Aug-2014

Contact: Michelle Kirkwood press@astro.org 703-286-1600 American Society for Radiation Oncology

Fairfax, Va., August 26, 2014The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has selected San Francisco Bay Area resident and cancer survivor Jasan Zimmerman to receive the 2014 Survivor Circle Award. Mr. Zimmerman will be presented with his award, including $1,000, during the Awards Ceremony on Tuesday, September 16 at ASTRO's 56th Annual Meeting at San Francisco's Moscone Center. The Survivor Circle Award recognizes a cancer survivor who lives in the ASTRO Annual Meeting host city and who has dedicated his or her time and energy in service and support of their local community.

"Volunteering was always a part of my life, instilled in me by my parents, so when I was finally comfortable enough to share my story, it was easy to find volunteer opportunities in the cancer advocacy world," Zimmerman said. "The benefits of volunteering are two-fold for me: every time I share my story, it helps me come to terms with and accept my experiences a little more, and externally, I can see positive changes in the lives of other people based on the work that I have done, whether directly or indirectly."

Zimmerman was diagnosed in 1976, at six months old, with neuroblastoma of the left neck. The tumor was removed, and he was treated with upper mantle radiation therapy at Loma Linda University Medical Center. In 1991, at age 15, Zimmerman was then diagnosed with thyroid cancer and had a thyroidectomy at the University of California Irvine Medical Center and radiation therapy at Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California. He experienced a recurrence of thyroid cancer in 1997 at age 21 and underwent radiation therapy at the University of California Irvine Medical Center. In 2004, after Zimmerman finished graduate school and moved to the Bay Area, he felt like something was missing in his life. He read about a local support group in the paper and decided to attend. For the first year or two of meetings, Zimmerman did not speak up much beyond sharing his name and cancer history. During those meetings, he met other group members who were involved in advocacy for cancer patients, and Zimmerman realized that he had experiences and knowledge to share as a pediatric and young adult cancer survivor.

"I never had a conscious 'moment of inspiration,' but slowly, I became more and more involved in advocating for the psychosocial support of pediatric and young adult cancer survivors," Zimmerman said. "I don't want people to have the negative experiences that I had when I was sick, such as depression, anger and being treated as a child instead of as a young adult who could make my own decisions. I really enjoy helping people and connecting them with resources that can make their lives easier."

Zimmerman has been a member of the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Cancer Patient Advisory Council since 2010; and since 2012, a member of the planning committee for Courageous Kids, an annual American Cancer Society event that is "a day for kids away from cancer;" a member of the Alumni Advisory Board of First Descents, which offers free outdoor adventure camps for young adult cancer patients and survivors; and a co-facilitator of Healthy Young Attitude, the monthly young adult patient and survivor support group in Mountain View, California that he first attended in 2004. Zimmerman has also served as a Super Advocate for the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship from 2008-2011; an Advisory Board member of Yoga Bear, a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting more opportunities for wellness and healing to the cancer community through the practice of yoga, from 2008-2012; and a Patient Services Committee member for Cancer CAREpoint in San Jose, California from 2011-2013. He has also reviewed cancer research grants for the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program and spoken about survivorship to various groups, including the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Relay for Life and Stupid Cancer's 2014 OMG! Cancer Summit for Young Adults.

"For most of my life, I did not want to think or to talk about cancer, and I was really uncomfortable when I had to tell my story. Now, it gets easier every time I tell my story. Doing so has helped me come to terms with what I've been through," Zimmerman said. "Volunteering has also helped me learn about resources that impact my own survivorship, like seeking out a treatment summary and survivorship care plan. I've met lots of great people who have educated and mentored me, and I'm so grateful for their support, care and leadership."

"ASTRO is honored to present Mr. Zimmerman with the 2014 Survivor Circle Award," said Bruce G. Haffty, MD, FASTRO, president of ASTRO's Board of Directors. "His dedication to helping other cancer survivors and his willingness to share his story with so many others, particularly other pediatric and young adult cancer survivors, are an inspiration. He is an excellent example of the importance of caring for and supporting our patientsfrom diagnosis through survivorship."

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Ggle Lunch 8/25/14 Internet Neutrality and Reflective Artificial Intelligence – Video


Ggle Lunch 8/25/14 Internet Neutrality and Reflective Artificial Intelligence
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Tomorrow Daily 042: Robot uses human blood to make art, all hail BabyX, and more – Video


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Lars Talks: On the politics and economics of tomorrow [Futurism Part 3] – Video


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Madden 15 Artificial Intelligence Is Highly Questionable – PS4 Gameplay – Video


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The New Eyes of Surveillance: Artificial Intelligence and Humanizing Technology

Typically when we hear the term Artificial Intelligence, images of aliens, spaceships landing on Earth and Will Smith come to mind. While not exactly the extraterrestrial scene we may envision, Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is bringing human intelligence to everyday technologies. We are now able to form a relationship with our technology, use it to teach it about our behaviors and to improve how our businesses and communities operate.

Consider all the ways AI makes our lives easier

We are already accustomed to Amazons anticipatory shipping practices, where the company identifies items we may want to buy before we even begin our search, and Netflix is aptly curating movie recommendations in advance of any decisions we make. AI is transforming how we operate and rely on technology, enabling humans to work more efficiently and effectively than ever before, making our jobs simpler, our efforts more calculated and our outputs more accurate. Whether technology is simplifying our everyday experiences or predicting what we will want next, it is bringing a deeply personal experience to us all.

But how is Artificial Intelligence impacting our personal security and the way we keep our organizations safe?Enter the new wave of security, where AI meets traditional surveillance practices: intelligent video analytics.

While some traditional security measures in place today do have a significant impact in terms of decreasing crime or preventing theft, today video analytics gives security officers a technological edge that no surveillance camera alone can provide.

Surveillance systems that include video analytics analyze video footage in real-time and detect abnormal activities that could pose a threat to an organizations security. Essentially, video analytics technology helps security software learn what is normal so it can identify unusual, and potentially harmful, behavior that a human alone may miss.

It does this in two ways; first by observing objects in a monitored environment and detecting when humans and vehicles are present, and second by taking operator feedback about the accuracy of various events and incorporating this intelligence into the system itself, thus improving its functionality. This interaction between operator and technology results in a teachable system: Artificial Intelligence at its best in the realm of security where ultimately, human oversight takes a backseat to the fine-tuned capabilities of intelligent video analytics.

Eliminating human error is a key driver behind bringing Artificial Intelligence to security through intelligent video analytics. Studies have shown that humans engaged in mundane tasks have a directed attention capacity for up to 20 minutes, after which the human attention span begins to decrease. In addition, when humans are faced with multiple items at one time, attention spans will decrease even more rapidly. Therefore, video analytics are beginning to take the place of initial human judgment in an effort to increase operational efficiency.

While a security officer might miss a person sneaking into a poorly lit facility, a camera backed with intelligent video analytics is designed to catch a flash on the screen and recognize it as a potential threat. Or it will spot a person loitering at the perimeter of a schoolyard and alert on-the-ground security officials to investigate and take action if necessary, all without missing a beat and keeping close watch on the many cameras and locations.

Rather than depend on solely human monitoring, AI-powered systems instead notify security teams of potential threats as they happen, helping businesses prevent break-ins or illegal activity, as well as increasing human accuracy.

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The New Eyes of Surveillance: Artificial Intelligence and Humanizing Technology

Artificial intelligence, big data and harnessing the bodys hidden drugs

Inside Bergs labs. Courtesy of Berg.

As far as medical science has advanced, weve still not come close to paralleling the amazing natural processes that go on, every day, in the human body.

Berg, a Boston-area startup, builds off that concept of studying healthy tissues to understand the bodys molecular and cellular natural defenses and what leads to a diseases pathogenesis. Its using concepts of artificial intelligence and big data to scope out potential drug compounds ones that could have more broad-ranging benefits, pivoting away from todays trend toward targeted therapies. The companys funded solely by Carl Berg, a Silicon Valley real estate kingpin.

AaronKrol over at Bio-IT Worldpenned a very thoughtful, probing and well-writtenpiece about the company: Berg and the Pursuit of the Bodys Hidden Drugs. He acknowledges the skepticism that comes hand-in-hand with Berg CEO Niven Narains claims: halving the time and cost of bringing a new drug to market, using molecules naturally found in the body to treat intractable diseases like cancer and diabetes.

But if Bergs approach proves to be feasible, it could have pretty far-reachingimplications for drug development, Krol says. Heres why:

Bergs first drug candidate also bucks a key trend in cancer care. Most pharma companies today are looking at narrowly-targeted cancer drugs, meant to treat small molecular subtypes of the disease. This has led to some of the biggest recent advances in oncology, with drugs like Herceptin and Gleevec seeing huge survival gains for their targeted patient populations, but it has also limited the impact of any one therapy.

By contrast, BPM 31510 has a broad mechanism of action, andBergis enrolling patients with any type of solid tumor in its clinical trials. If the therapy does turn out to be among the 10% or so of drugs that make it all the way from Phase I studies to FDA approval, the benefit to patients could be especially large.

Even a skeptic has to hold out a little hope for a result like that.

The companys AI platform, called Interrogative Biology, identifies potential drug candidates faster than human-led R&D efforts, Krol wrote, adding: If even a fraction of those treatments make a real difference to patients, it would represent a genuine advance for the industry.

Of course, this isnt the only company using artificial intelligence and big data computing to identify plausible new drug compounds North Carolina-basedCloud Pharmaceuticals, for instance,is raising $20 million to pursue a similar path.But this concept of in-silico testing is still a nascent field with seemingly few competitors, and it begs closer attention.

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Artificial intelligence, big data and harnessing the bodys hidden drugs

Human workers report feeling most productive when led by artificial intelligence

Photo by Flickr user Scania Group

Researchers from MITs Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab found that teams of human workers were at their happiest and most productive when their tasks were directed by robotic artificial intelligence.

Recognizing the value proposition provided by automated workers, the team, led by CSAIL student Matthew Gombolay, approached their research with the goal of harnessing a machines efficiency while still making use of human labor.

A team consisting of two humans and one robot were configured into three organizational models in order to compare how best to allocate different duties. All tasks were assigned by humans in the manually structured group, while the fully autonomous group featured tasks doled out only by robots. A third, semi-autonomous group split the difference, allowing one human to assign their own tasks while the other human was instructed by artificial intelligence. Each team was responsible for the gathering and assembly of specialized parts meant to be put together in under 10 minutes, mimicking a typical manufacturing setting.

Gombolays team found that participants in the study reported feeling at their most efficient and effective when working as a part fully autonomous group. While the human-led teams were as capable at assembling as their robot-led counterparts, the algorithms used by the robots artificial intelligence proved to be more effective at dealing with unexpected obstacles that could potentially slow down production.

While the conversation surrounding the role robots will play as a part of the manufacturing workforce typically focuses on the ways in which human workers could be made obsolete. This research, Gombolay said, could lead to situations in which human employees could be empowered by machines, rather than replaced by them.

In the future, Gombolay says, the scheduling and coordinating algorithms used in the experiment can be put to broader applications outside of manufacturing, including construction and search and rescue missions.

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Human workers report feeling most productive when led by artificial intelligence

Top Engineer and Futurist: Tomorrow's Robots Might Mercy-Kill Mankind

Nell Watson is an engineer, a futurist, and the founder and CEO of Poikos. As such, she knows a lot about the machines we use today, and the ones we're planning for tomorrow. And she's worried that the artificial intelligence of the near-future might decide the most benevolent thing to for mankind is to destroy it.

That's the concern Watson raised at The Conference, an annual gathering in Sweden focusing on technology and human behavior. In her talk, "Helping Computers to Understand Humans," Watson brings up a terrifyingly interesting point: The machine learning powering the artificial intelligence we have right now can't learn the nuanced lessons of human ethics.

You should really watch Watson's entire talkat just under 17 minutes long, it's jam-packed with insights on the current and future state of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Here, you don't even have to go anywhere:

Here's the brunt of Watson's argument, in case you can't watch the video for some reason:

When we start to see super-intelligent artificial intelligences, are they going to be friendly, or are they going to be unfriendly? [. . .] Having a kind intelligence is not quite enough, because to paraphrase Arthur C. Clarke, "any sufficiently benevolent action is indistinguishable from malevolence." If you're really, really, really kind, that might be seen as really evil. A truly kind intelligence might decide that the kindest and best thing for humanity is to end us.

Yeesh. Maybe Kubrick was right about HAL-9000 after all.

It's not all doom and gloom though (that would be a real downer of a lecture!). Watson ends her talk by issuing a challenge, saying "perhaps the most important work of all of our lifetimes may be to ensure that machines are capable of understanding human values."

Better get to work, engineers. We haven't got much of a head start. [The Conference; Wired via CNet]

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Top Engineer and Futurist: Tomorrow's Robots Might Mercy-Kill Mankind

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