Penn Medicine bioethicists call for greater first-world response to Ebola outbreak

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

11-Sep-2014

Contact: Anna Duerr anna.duerr@uphs.upenn.edu 215-349-8369 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine @PennMedNews

PHILADELPHIA Amid recent discussion about the Ebola crisis in West Africa, Penn Medicine physicians say that high-income countries like the United States have an obligation to help those affected by the outbreak and to advance research to fight the deadly disease including in the context of randomized clinical trials of new drugs to combat the virus. The two new editorials, which will appear "online first" in JAMA on September 11th, are written by faculty members in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine at King's College London.

The first paper, co-written by Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, Penn's Vice Provost for Global Initiatives, the Diane v.S. Levy and Robert M. Levy University Professor and chair of the department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, and Annette Rid, MD, PhD, at King's College London, contends that there are three independent reasons why high-income countries should "help the affected countries combat the Ebola outbreak and strengthen their health systems and infrastructure in the longer term." These reasons include: "the duty to provide humanitarian assistance; obligations of global justice to ensure, at least, that people everywhere can lead a minimally decent life; and the ethical requirement to provide fair benefits from any research conducted during the epidemic."

With no specific treatments or preventative measures available, and striking in some of the poorest countries with weak health systems, the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa has claimed the lives of almost 2,300 people. More people have now died in the 2014 Ebola epidemic than in all previous outbreaks combined.

Rid and Emanuel's editorial states that everyone has an obligation to help others if the cost or imposition is minimal the Good Samaritan notion pointing out that effective help for Ebola, including containment measures and universal precautions such as gloves and masks, are available at relatively minimal cost for high-income countries like the U.S. In addition, they say that in the interest of global justice, these same countries have obligations to meet the basic needs of people living in extreme poverty, especially because we live in an increasingly interconnected world. Rid and Emanuel also argue that as part of conducting any research in these impoverished countries, it's imperative to ensure that the communities actually receive fair benefits from the research such as strengthening of their health systems.

The second paper, authored by Steven Joffe, MD, MPH, Vice Chair of the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, outlines the considerations and implications of using scarce new Ebola treatment agents in the midst of the epidemic. He looks at how research of these agents can be conducted with an eye towards preventing "the maximum number of deaths during the current outbreak," while calling on policymakers to "seek to optimize knowledge gained for use in confronting future Ebola epidemics."

"Scientifically and ethically justified use of scarce new agents in the midst of the Ebola epidemic, or any other epidemic for which novel agents hold promise, requires reflection on the understandable desire to rescue imminently dying patients," writes Joffe. "Clinicians, investigators and policy makers must deploy novel agents in ways that address pressing scientific questions, prioritize research in populations that will be most scientifically informative as well as most likely to benefit, ensure valid answers through the use of supportive care controls, and protect critical clinical and public health resources from diversion to longer-term aims. By doing so, they can both maximize lives saved in the present epidemic and ensure knowledge gains for the next."

Joffe's editorial asserts that randomized clinical trials are the best way to conduct this research, especially since the supplies of the treatment agents currently under study are so scarce that limited numbers of patients will receive access regardless of the study design. He also cautions against diverting attention or resources from proven therapeutic and public health measures, as doing so could actually increase, not reduce, the death toll.

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Penn Medicine bioethicists call for greater first-world response to Ebola outbreak

Medicine for melancholy

To me, as a little boy growing up in the 70s, S.D. Burman was just R.D. Burmans father. Yes, R.D. who sang Mehbooba mehbooba in the epochal Sholay and preceded it with Yaadon ki Barat, the film with that wonderful song Chura liye hai tumne jo dil ko. Often, I rode my one-step scooter in the courtyard of my house singing, Mehbooba, mehbooba only to be rebuked by my Ammi, who wouldnt hear of a song as loud, or maybe she considered it raunchy coming from the lips of a nursery school boy. Probably, she was just upset that the boy she had put to sleep on many a night, humming S.D. Burmans Chanda hai to mera sooraj hai tu should so forget the man who composed the song.

Be that as it may, for my young mind, R.D. Burman was the man who could do no wrong. When the Vividh Bharati announcer on the popular Anurodh Geet programme said that the music of the upcoming song had been composed by R.D. Burman, I would momentarily stop trying to hone my bowling skills by hitting a single stump with a ball and sit quiet next to my radio. And S.D. Burman? Even when I became a little familiar with his work I use the word familiar with an element of generosity to myself he remained, in my thoughts, a music director of yesteryear; the distance in time having diminished his genius in my eyes. Until it all changed a few years later. On November 5, 1983, to be precise.

My brother and I stood next to a grave as a body wrapped in white was lowered into it, then looked vacantly as the grave was covered, slab by wooden slab, head to toe. My father was gone. A door shut, never to open again. I took recourse to prayer. My pain eased, the sense of loss not as hurtful.

A few years passed, I started smiling again, often humming along with Hindi film songs even as I studied, walked in the park or travelled. Until one cold December evening, unannounced, unprovoked, a tear moistened my eye as I thought of my father and subconsciously found myself humming, Tum na jaane kis jahan mein kho gaye, hum bhari duniya mein tanha ho gaye. It was cold, semi-dark and drizzling; the rain helping to wash away my tears of sorrow.

The song from the 1951 film Sazaa stayed with me. Only perseverance helped me to get its audiocassette. It was then that I discovered Sachin Dev Burman. Then he became part of my life, part of me. He was no longer dead. He lived on.

So when I got a copy of Sathya Sarans Sun Mere Bandhu Re: The Musical World of S.D. Burman, I treated the book with the reverence one reserves for family elders. With due deference I started reading it, bit by bit. And found a new world open in front of me. Neither as a fan nor as a critic had I ever met S.D. Burman, so I knew him only through his songs. It is a reliable way to know the talents of a man, not his temperament. Sathya filled the gap admirably.

She writes, S.D. Burman would never get angry, he was never heard raising his voice, never known to throw a tantrum. Well, for all his humility and patience, S.D. Burman did get into problems with at least two of his contemporaries, as Sathya informs us frankly in a well researched book replete with anecdotes, instances and occasions one had seldom heard of. Illustrious lyricist Sahir Ludhianvi and he fell out over the songs of Pyaasa, as Sahir had written the songs and S.D. had to set to tune his words. Sahir wanted to be paid a rupee more than S.D. Burman too. The music director walked out of the long relationship, the debate over the supremacy of poem versus song remaining undecided.

Then filmmaker O.P. Ralhan and S.D. had a difference of opinion on using Mukeshs voice for Talash,following which the music director left the film midway, only to return after a chastened director had learnt his lesson. Similarly, he had earlier stuck his neck out for Geeta Roy who repaid his faith with the memorable Mera sundar sapna beeta gaya in Do Bhai, a film where Madan Mohan assisted S.D. These are interesting instances that show the humane side of the genius.

The other, more brilliant aspect shines through when Sathya talks of numerous songs and how they came about. Like the fact that the superhit song of Aradhana, Roop tera mastana is actually inspired from a folk melody and Safal hogi teri aradhana, kahe ko roye is based on a Baul melody. While Wahan kaun hai tera from Guide is done on Bhatiali lines. These little asides, these little gems add great value to a book that is like a river in the plains, quiet, tranquil, profound.

Sathya has helped me dispel my ignorance about the man just as his songs helped heal my wounds. More recently I found myself alone once more. And lonely. Ammi had gone to join my father. I took recourse to prayer. It helped. Then one day on a testing summer afternoon, even as boys in the neighbourhood played Prasoon Joshis ode to mother in Taare Zameen Par, I remembered my Ammi and sang to myself, Meri duniya hai maa. My eyes turned moist. S.D. was part of my life again. My talash continues.

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Medicine for melancholy

Penn medicine study reveals profile of patients most likely to delay hospice enrollment

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

11-Sep-2014

Contact: Greg Richter gregory.richter@uphs.upenn.edu 215-614-1937 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine @PennMedNews

One in six cancer patients enroll in hospice only during their last three days of life, according to a new study from a team from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Their findings, published online last month in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) also reveal a profile of patients who may be most at risk of these late admissions.

"Waiting until the final days of life to begin hospice can shortchange patients and their families skipping over many benefits of hospice care and limiting the opportunity to improve patients' quality of life during this stressful time," said study co-author David Casarett, MD, a professor of Medicine and director of Hospice and Palliative care at Penn Medicine. "Our findings point to some reasons why patients may seek hospice care so late in the course of their illness, which we hope will enable us to improve transitions to hospice at a more beneficial point in their care."

The team examined de-identified data from electronic medical records of 64,264 patients in 12 hospices in the Coalition of Hospices Organized to Investigate Comparative Effectiveness network from January 2008 to May 2013. Hospices spanned 11 states, including Pennsylvania, with censuses ranging from 400 to 1,700 patients per day. Of those 64,264 patients, 10,460 had a hospice stay of 3 days or fewer.

The study found several characteristics associated with hospice length of stay of three days or less, including being male, married, younger than 65, and of nonwhite ethnicity. Also, patients with blood cancers and liver cancer were more often than those of oral cancer to be among those admitted within the last three days of life.

Findings indicated that Medicaid and uninsured patients who enrolled in hospice typically did so earlier in the course of their illness than those with commercial insurance or Medicare. The researchers suggest these patterns illustrate which patients may be less able to afford out-of-pocket expenses associated with prolonged aggressive or experimental treatment, or that they may receive care in oncology practices that differ in their aggressiveness of care.

Previous studies found that patients with blood cancers enter hospice less often, overall, than other cancer patients, but this study also examined timing of entry and found those with blood cancers entered hospice later than other cancer patients. The authors theorize this may be due to a dependence on blood products, as hospice typically does not cover blood transfusions, or pursuit of bone marrow or stem cell transplants late in the disease course, which can delay hospice. Also, those with blood cancers especially patients who've undergone bone marrow transplants and are susceptible to life-threatening infections -- may have a more abrupt decline towards end of life than those with other cancers.

The researchers say the marriage association may be because marriage can provide caregiving structure such as help with transportation to medical appointments and assistance with medication -- and emotional support and motivation to support continued treatment. And, they note, some married patients may prolong treatment for their spouse's sake.

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Penn medicine study reveals profile of patients most likely to delay hospice enrollment

Usher Syndrome Family Panel – How has Usher Syndrome impacted your daily life? – Video


Usher Syndrome Family Panel - How has Usher Syndrome impacted your daily life?
July 19th, 2014 - Usher Syndrome Family Conference at Harvard Medical School To see the full transcript of the panel and more videos, go here: http://flightforsight.co/wordpress/2014-usher-syndro...

By: Mike Walsh

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Usher Syndrome Family Panel - How has Usher Syndrome impacted your daily life? - Video

Usher Syndrome Family Panel – What has been your happiest experience related to Usher Syndrome? – Video


Usher Syndrome Family Panel - What has been your happiest experience related to Usher Syndrome?
July 19th, 2014 - Usher Syndrome Family Conference at Harvard Medical School To see the full transcript of the panel and more videos, go here: http://flightforsight.co/wordpress/2014-usher-syndro...

By: Mike Walsh

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Usher Syndrome Family Panel - What has been your happiest experience related to Usher Syndrome? - Video

Usher Syndrome Family Panel – What are your plans for the future? – Video


Usher Syndrome Family Panel - What are your plans for the future?
July 19th, 2014 - Usher Syndrome Family Conference at Harvard Medical School To see the full transcript of the panel and more videos, go here: http://flightforsight.co/wordpress/2014-usher-syndro...

By: Mike Walsh

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Usher Syndrome Family Panel - What are your plans for the future? - Video

What Is The Definition Of Atkins diet Medical Dictionary Free Online – Video


What Is The Definition Of Atkins diet Medical Dictionary Free Online
what is the definition of Atkins diet: A high-protein, high-fat, low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet popularized by Dr. Robert C. Atkins that allows for unrestricted amounts of meat, cheese and...

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What Is The Definition Of Atkins diet Medical Dictionary Free Online - Video

Study says medical school feasible in Spokane

SPOKANE Washington State University is well-positioned to develop an accredited medical school by 2017 with a relatively modest investment from the state, says a study commissioned by the university and released Thursday.

University of Washington officials said they were disappointed WSU is continuing to pursue its own medical school and urged the other university to put aside its individual institutional ambitions to focus on whats best for the state.

Washington State University already has the physical capacity and experience to open a new medical school it has a health-sciences campus in Spokane and has participated in the WWAMI medical-education program run by the University of Washington for 43 years, the WSU study noted. The program trains students to become doctors in Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho.

The study underscored the significant and growing statewide need for more doctors, especially outside the Seattle region. And it found that a medical school in Spokane could double the number of in-state medical-school graduates during the next decade, with no capital expenditure.

Consultants said it would cost $1million to $3 million per year in state funds during the next few years to start the school. Funding needs would increase gradually, up to $47 million annually when the school reaches an enrollment of 480 students in 2024-25. Of that, $29 million annually would come from the state.

Even before WSUs regents had finished their meeting, UW officials released the statement questioning the need for another medical school.

We believe creating a second, $47 million medical school raises many questions and concerns about the highest and best use of limited resources, said UW Regent Orin Smith in a prepared statement.

Addressing our health-care disparities in Eastern Washington and growing an innovative, sustainable economy in Spokane demand that we put aside individual institutional ambitions and focus on what is best for our students, the Spokane community and the state, he said.

The states two largest universities have been waging a turf war for more than a year over WSUs aspirations for a medical school. UW officials fear another school could draw faculty, students and state funding away from the WWAMI program and say a more cost-effective way to expand medical training is to grow WWAMI.

A task force convened by UW President Michael Young, and chaired by former Gov. Dan Evans, will release a report in October on the future of WWAMI and how best to boost medical-school education.

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Study says medical school feasible in Spokane

Study says med school feasible in Spokane

Study says med school feasible in Spokane

By Nicholas K. Geranios Associated Press

SPOKANE Washington State University is well-positioned to develop an accredited medical school in the near future with a relatively modest investment from the state.

Thats the conclusion of a feasibility study released Thursday and commissioned by Washington State University.

The study found there is a significant and growing statewide need for more doctors, especially outside the Seattle metropolitan areas.

The study found that Washington State University already has significant assets and long experience training medical students because of its health sciences campus in Spokane and its participation in the WWAMI medical education program operated by the University of Washington.

The study found a medical school in Spokane could double the number of in-state students graduating from medical schools over the next decade, with no capital expenditure.

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Study says med school feasible in Spokane

Despite multiple malpractice payouts, doctors often keep practicing

Dr. James Dunphy met his wife Susie in college. They went to medical school together, got married and had two sons. On a family trip to Florida in 2009, Dr. Susie Dunphy was diagnosed with appendicitis. She had emergency surgery; two days later the 42-year-old bled to death in her hospital bed.

Drs. James and Susie Dunphy with their children

James Dunphy said the hardest part was breaking the news to his two young boys.

"I told them it would be okay, and that I would be their mom and dad now," Dunphy said.

In the weeks after her death, Dunphy reviewed his wife's medical file. What he read convinced him that her doctor could have prevented her death. He said his wife's blood pressure had been critically low for hours after the surgery. But no lab tests or imaging studies were ordered to see what was wrong.

"These are the kind of vitals that anybody with basic training can recognize as abnormal," Dunphy told CBS News.

Dunphy sued his wife's surgeon for failing to adequately monitor her after the procedure, blaming him in part for her death.

Dr. Ernest Rehnke has had 11 medical malpractice lawsuit payouts since 2000 - tying him for the most of any practicing physician in Florida.

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Despite multiple malpractice payouts, doctors often keep practicing

Resilient college student shines while being treated for cancer at Shands

Published: Thursday, September 11, 2014 at 5:34 p.m. Last Modified: Thursday, September 11, 2014 at 5:34 p.m.

But Dec. 22 was the day that threatened to rob Lowther of everything. It was the day she was diagnosed with leukemia, a day she remembers vividly almost a year later.

Lowther, 29, has since reclaimed the ambition that chemotherapy strangled from her, with plans to return to medical school in January.

The Florida woman also spent most of August training for a 26-mile inline skating marathon Saturday in Minnesota to raise funds for her doctor's cancer research, all while receiving regular chemotherapy. Her resolve is a far cry from the woman she was that December night, angered and in disbelief.

She had been suffering from chronic headaches and visited an urgent care clinic to see a doctor, get a prescription and get back to her studies at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine in Bradenton.

But the doctor returned with startling news: Lowther's white blood cell count was 64,000 cells per microliter, far outside the normal range. The medical student knew exactly what that could mean cancer.

At that point, doctors determined she should travel to UF Health Shands Hospital in Gainesville to receive treatment immediately. She was heavily anemic and too weak to travel, so she was given a blood transfusion at the local hospital, still wearing her pajamas from the previous day.

During the three-hour ambulance ride to Gainesville, she began connecting the dots.

Her past year was pockmarked with unexplained illnesses, fainting spells and an elevated heart rate. She had chalked it up to stress and energy drinks third-year medical students aren't always the healthiest individuals but now those incidents were symptoms of something more serious. Something deadly.

The diagnosis was unusual: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a disease typically found in children or the elderly. Her bone marrow was producing unformed white blood cells at an alarming rate, smothering everything else in her blood.

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Resilient college student shines while being treated for cancer at Shands

Washington Alliance of Teaching Physicians plugs creation of medical school in Spokane

The Washington Alliance of Teaching Physicians is stepping up its efforts to support a fully accredited medical school in Spokane, say Spokane physicians Jeremy Graham and Henry Mroch, spokesmen for the ad hoc group.

Representatives of ATP, which is made up of a few dozen, mostly Spokane-area physicians, have been meeting with legislators sporadically and now want to bring their message to Gov. Jay Inslee.

Were clinical doctors, not activists, says Graham. Weve been meeting with legislators. We have an effort under way now to urge the governor to meet with us. We perceive the governor, like a lot of legislators, doesnt have information about whats available or not available in Spokane without a real medical school here.

ATP also supports efforts of Greater Spokane Incorporated to create awareness that the need for a second medical school in Washington state rises above the debate over whether Pullman-based Washington State University, or Seattle-based University of Washington would run it.

Most importantly, Graham and Mroch say, a second medical school is needed here to address a physician shortage in most counties throughout the state.

The physician shortage is real. Its something thats happening, not something that might happen, Mroch says, adding that nearly half of the counties in the state have only one doctor per 1,000 population, while the national average is around 2.7 doctors per 1,000.

Central and Eastern Washington are especially underserved, he says.

The existing medical programs here include UWs five-state WWAMI program, which needs to grow to benefit the entire state, Graham says.

The best partner to make that happen is a new fully accredited medical school, he says.

WWAMIwhich stands for Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idahodoesnt contribute what a full medical school brings to the economy, he contends.

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Washington Alliance of Teaching Physicians plugs creation of medical school in Spokane