Culture, Resilience, and Sustainability of the Salish People – State of the Planet

by Minji Ko|April 7, 2020

Photo: Cari Shimkus

In mid-February, Casey Ryan came to Columbia to talk to students about how culture, resilience, and sustainability play a role in his tribes management and protection of natural resources. Ryan isa member of the Bitterroot Salish Tribe currently serving as a hydrologist with the Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes Natural Resources Department in western Montana. After speaking to Professor Lisa Dales spring class, Public Lands in the American West, he graciously gave an encore presentation for the Undergraduate Program in SustainableDevelopments Speaker Series.

Ryan began his talk with a short afternoon greeting in the Seli (Salish) language and a discussion on how the identity and culture of indigenous people are intimately connected with seasons. Tribes often develop knowledge and traditions through interactions with the environment and climate. For example, Seli people have different gatherings and festivals depending on the season, and those events have played an integral role in building community values. The Seli people particularly treasure cold winters and utilize the time spent together inside during the season as an opportunity to pass on their wisdom and unwritten memories to their children, through sacred creation stories, also called Sqllumt.

To the Seli Tribe, evidence of climate change is in some ways more apparent than to urban populations. Living within nature, they have developed an intimate intuition and knowledge of local plants, animals, and fluctuating climatic cycles. Thus, they are more sensitive to even the slightest shifts, such as snow melting earlier than usual, and fall precipitation decreasing over time.

Climate change is also affecting the livelihoods of tribal members. Located on the Flathead Indian Reservation, tourism is an important industry to the Seli population. The community has noticed that as air quality worsens, likely due to energy dependence on oil and gas in the region, the number of tourists has decreased and that has had a negative effect on their economy.

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Climate Change Strategic Plan

In 2013, the Seli, Qispe, and Ksanka Tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation authored a climate change strategic plan. The plan comprehensively covers how to manage different natural resources, such as forestry, land, water, and wildlife. The plan suggests ecosystem-based measures for each resource. For instance, to preserve forestry, it suggests promoting native and cultural plant species and managing invasive species across the landscape. Furthermore, the tribes aim to improve natural resources resiliency through communities. An example of this is how the Seli Tribe teaches ecological knowledge to visitors, calls on members to gather local evidence of climate change, and organizes a climate strategic committee composed of local resource managers and engineers.

Ryan stressed that cooperation between relevant stakeholders is the key in solving the wicked problem that is climate change. The state of Montana and the Seli Tribe have negotiated specific terms to jointly manage natural resources such as fisheries and wildlife in a more sustainable way. Ending on a positive note, Ryan shared his belief that his ancestors stories of survival transmits hope for our future and that no issue is impossible to address when everyone joins forces. Ta piste qe qs mqnmist We will never give up.

Columbias Undergraduate Program in Sustainable Development hosts speaker series every semester to provide opportunities for students to explore professional development related to sustainability and the environment. To learn more about the program, please visit our website or contact Program Manager Cari Shimkus at cshimkus@ei.columbia.edu.

Minji Ko is an intern for the Office of Academic and Research Programs at the Earth Institute, Columbia University. She is an MPA candidate at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.

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Culture, Resilience, and Sustainability of the Salish People - State of the Planet

RJ Corman: From Iron Horses to Race Horses – The Pressbox

(RJ Cormans train rolled through downtown Midway recently. My son, Brad, and his wife, Kate, showed grandsons Ford and Jack the importance of the rail to our city and commerce / Photos by Gene McLean)

From the RJ Corman Website / Courtesy of William Downey:

The ripple effects of the COVID19 pandemic are changing daily life on a global scale. As the coronavirus advances, threatening the health and well-being of the nation, the operations of vital industries remain up and running to provide stability for local economies and jobs. One such industry that rolls forward to ensure the continuation of functions that are critical to public health and safety, as well as economic and national security, is our nations network of railroads.

Freight rail has been deemed as essential and critical during this time of crisis. R.J.Corman Railroad Company is part of the extensive rail transport system thatprovides a lifeline of goods to North America. The railroad industry is a vast network to imagine, yet R.J.Corman has a case study that brings it all home, especially for those who live in the Bluegrass State where the company was founded and remains headquartered.

From a birds eye view, freight railroads are key in the supply chain that moves critical commodities from producers to those in need. According to the Association of American Railroads freight rail plays a critical role in nearly every industrial, wholesale, retail and resource-based sector of our economy railroads typically originate roughly 60,000 carloads of food and agricultural products per week.

R. J. Corman serves all seven North American major railroads, many regional and short line railroads and dozens of industries having rail. Services include owning and operating 14 short lines, one of which is in the heart of Kentucky. The Central Kentucky Line transports a variety of commodities including agricultural products. This is very important in a region renowned for the best fried chicken, the smoothest bourbons, and prize-winning thoroughbred horses.

The Kentucky Derby held in Louisville, KY is one of the most prestigious horse races in the world and nearby Lexington, KY which is surrounded by over 400 horse farms is known as the Horse Capital of the World. As reported by the Kentucky Thoroughbred Association (KTA), the equine industry combines to generate $6.5 billion in annual cumulative direct, indirect and induced economic activity and a total of 60,494 jobs in Kentucky. One might not realize that the vitality of the horse industry depends in part on iron horses.

Even with the postponement of the Derbys most exciting two minutes in sports due to the coronavirus outbreak, horses still need to be cared for. R.J.Cormans Central Kentucky Line makes that possible. This short line railroad delivers specialty oats and grains to McCauleys Brothers Feed, an Alltech Company, (known simply as McCauleys) for their premium feeds and nutritional supplements. McCauleys is a dedicated equine-only nutrition company that has been operating since 1938 and provides feed to a large number of world class horse farms across the region.

Additionally, the Central Kentucky Line transports hay coming into the heart of the Bluegrass from Standlee Hay Company, Inc. which is based in Idaho. Standlee Hay harvests over 31,000 acres of carefully managed alfalfa, timothy grass, orchard grass, alfalfa/grass and orchard/alfalfa forage. Horse farms rely on these goods to keep their animals well fed and healthy throughout the year.

Railroads play a significant role in feeding the equine industry. R. J. Cormans Central Kentucky Line is just one example of this. Now, more than ever, railroads are playing a crucial role in logistical infrastructure and supply chains across the country. R.J.Corman is proud to continue providing the highest quality service and execution to the railroad industry to keep our businesses alive during this critical time in history. The companys iron horses will continue to run with the heart of Kentuckys unbridled spirit to support all the vital industries that rely on rail.

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RJ Corman: From Iron Horses to Race Horses - The Pressbox

Akdere invited to join G20 taskforce on economy, employment and education – Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Mesut Akdere, associate professor of human resource development in Purdue Polytechnics Department of Technology Leadership & Innovation and director of the Human Resource Development (HRD) Virtual Lab, has been invited to join a task force at this Novembers G20 summit, to be held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

At the summit, members of the Economy, Employment and Education in the Digital Age task force will make recommendations for policies that reform education and provide opportunities for training and entrepreneurship. They plan to address such topics as the digital continuum within the changing labor market, challenges raised by the platform economy and the implications affecting the young. Their policy recommendations will provide concrete and sustainable policy measures that maintain individuality, respect confidentiality, and encourage inclusion in the digital age.

The Polytechnics HRD Virtual Lab, which Akdere directs, investigates how human resource training and development can be augmented through immersive technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). At the G20 Summit, a policy debrief from each task force member will be shared with G20 leaders for their consideration. Akderes policy debriefing, entitled Re-skilling Employees for Future Work: How G20 countries can utilize immersive learning technologies to scale up workplace training, explores the potential of immersive VR and AR technologies in employee re-skilling in the face of rapid automation, digitalization and artificial intelligence.

The task force is part of the T20 entity of the G20 Summit, said Akdere. Think20 (T20) is responsible for connecting and collaborating with regional and international think tanks to contribute to the G20 Summit by providing research-based policy recommendations for societal impact.

The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation. Members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. Collectively, G20 members represent around 80% of the worlds economic output, two-thirds of global population and three-quarters of international trade.

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Akdere invited to join G20 taskforce on economy, employment and education - Purdue Polytechnic Institute

5 Unexpected Impact Investments in COVID-19 Recovery | Karma – Karma

While impact investors are typically focused on a longer-term outlook, its impossible amid a global coronavirus pandemic not to look at the very immediate, short-term needs around the world, and how the drastic changes caused by the fallout will reshape the global economy.

Disruptions to daily operations have impacted companies and people across every sector, many of whom will struggle to come out of the other side, even with trillions of dollars in stimulus in the pipeline. So what is the most effective thing an impact investor can do in a time of crisis?

A number of researchers have set out to answer this question, including Cathy Clark, the faculty director at Duke Universitys Center for Advancing Social Entrepreneurship. We saw that a lot of businesses were being asked to shut down in the U.S. and around the world, so we started looking around to say, What are the resources available to these enterprises? she explained in an interview with Impact Entrepreneurs Laurie Lane-Zucker.

Clark, along with other field researchers, created a resource database for impact investors and foundations for social entrepreneurs. That list now includes over $300 billion in capital relief. SOCAP, the host organization of the annual flagship social enterprise conference, has also compiled a resource list.

Globally, the value of assets under management tied to social, economic, and environmental impact has reached $500 billion. This is according to a 2019 estimate by the Global Impact Investing Network, a membership organization of individuals and firms engaged in impact investing.

The volume of the resources mobilized is impressive, and a nice reminder that a terrible crisis can bring out the best in humanity. But beyond the corporate grant-based funds and the government relief programs, there is such a kaleidoscope of ways to offer support to just about every type of social enterprise that I think there is something here for every type of investor.

Below, Ive listed five of my favorite resources from the lists to inspire you to continue finding ways to make a difference at this volatile moment.

Continued here:

5 Unexpected Impact Investments in COVID-19 Recovery | Karma - Karma

Covid-19 live updates, April 7: Mental health resource Getting Through Together now available – The Spinoff

For all The Spinoffs latest coverage of Covid-19 seehere. Read Siouxsie Wiless workhere.New Zealand is currently in alert level four. The country isshut down, apart fromessential services. For updated official government advice, seehere.

The Spinoffs coverage of the Covid-19 outbreak is funded by The Spinoff Members. To support this work,join The Spinoff Members here.

On the afternoon shift: Leonie Hayden

As telegraphed in this mornings Bulletin, a set of tools for coping with the effects of Covid-19 and the alert level four lock down on our mental health has been released. Getting Through Together is an online resource divided into subjects such as parenting and whnau, workplace wellbeing, te ao Mori and identity and culture, and offers written articles, tips, questionnaires, activities and games delivered in a range of formats. Phone numbers for services such as Lifeline and Healthline can also be found on the site.

The Christchurch-based organisation behind it, All Right?, was launched in 2013 to support Cantabrians following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. Information about them and their research is also available at allright.org.nz.

The newly launched Getting Through Together website aims to help Kiwis with their mental health during lockdown.

Two recently opened South Auckland community testing clinics, opened in tara and Wiri on the weekend, will mean a sharp rise in the number of Mori and Pacific people tested for Covid-19, according to Waitemata DHB CEO and Northern Region Covid-19 lead Dr Dale Bramley. Bramley says that over 17,000 people have been tested across the Auckland metro area since March 21, and the two new sites offer a culturally appropriate approach to testing for Maori and Pacific.

So far no data on how many Mori or Pacific people have been tested has been released, despite people supplying their ethnicity data when registering for the test, but Bramley estimates theyve accounted for around 20% of those tested in Auckland. As of today Mori make up 7.8% of probable and confirmed cases, and Pasifika 3.4%.

A full list of Auckland community-based Covid-19 testing centres can be found here.

Unite Union says SkyCity has broken the law by making 200 salaried workers redundant without consultation or discussion, reports RNZ. The casino operator laid off the staff late last week, citing lost revenue due to the Covid-19 outbreak. According to the union, SkyCitys letter of notice said the decision had already been made and it was not seeking the employees views to the extent it would do under normal circumstances. Unites national secretary, Gerard Hehir, also said the company didnt apply for the governments wage subsidy scheme, adding that the union had never seen such a large scale blatant and deliberate breach of the law around restructuring and redundancies. He said the union would take SkyCity to the Employment Relations Authority if necessary.

No doubt after spending some time exploring the searchable database that went live last night (its fairly addictive), Stuff has reported that two New World supermarkets have applied for the governments wage subsidy.

Parent company for New World and Pak n Save, Foodstuffs, has since said those supermarkets will either pay back the subsidy or withdraw their application. A spokesperson said: The Foodstuffs North Island and Foodstuffs South Island co-operatives have each taken the decision to communicate to their owners that at this time no New World or Pak n Save stores will apply for the Government wage subsidy and the strength of each cooperative will be used to support individual stores that have been affected negatively.

Shane Joness Provincial Development Unit is looking at how it can repurpose the $3 billion Provincial Growth Fund to help those worst hit by the economic impacts of Covid-19, and those most essential to rebuilding the economy. We need to be throwing everything we have at our disposal at keeping Kiwi businesses going, workers in jobs and regional economies afloat and viable. If Provincial Growth Fund money is not going out the door through conventional projects then it needs to be repurposed for other initiatives, regional economic development minister Jones said.

Ministers will receive advice about which projects can be prioritised, which will include nationally delivered programmes and investments that support short-term employment. Other applications and projects that have already received funds may be deferred or terminated.

The PGF will also be delivering some of the key projects within the $100m worker redeployment package announced on March 20, which has already helped redeploy 300 forestry workers on the East Coast.

Vanuatu, which declared a state of emergency on March 25 due to the Covid-19 crisis, has been hit by the category five tropical cyclone Harold. Many areas have had to be evacuated, putting paid to measures such as physical distancing for the time being, and 79 New Zealanders are currently stranded after flights were grounded as part of Covid-19 measures. Winston Peters told Morning Report today that they are working with the Australian and French governments to find a way to bring them home.

On whether New Zealand will be able to assist Vanuatu in relief efforts under the circumstances, the prime minister confirmed in her media briefing that the New Zealand Defence Force will fulfil its duties.

We dont anticipate that being challenging because our defence force as a matter of course have to be ready and able to deploy within a very short period of time no matter what status New Zealand is in. Thats in case we have any natural disasters domestically or in case theyre called upon internationally.

Meanwhile, Ardern is seeking legal advice as to whether cruise ship the Ruby Princess fulfilled its obligation under New Zealand law while in our waters, in the wake of a criminal investigation launched by the Australian government. The Ruby Princess allowed around 2000 passengers to disembark in Sydney with confirmed Covid-19 cases on board. The docking is thought to be responsible for 10% of Australias 6,000 confirmed cases and more than 10 deaths.

Its a delicate balance for the opposition on being constructive while critiquing the government response. It was notable, for example, that Simon Bridges resisted any temptation to have a go at David Clark over his humiliation (and stay of execution) earlier today (see 7am).

But he has just announced that National is trying something else: a petition, calling on the government to require all people arriving in New Zealand to spend at least a fortnight in mandatory quarantine.Experts and clinicians across the country have been calling for this for weeks. National has echoed those calls, he said in a press release. The feedback from the public has been overwhelmingly in favour of this. Its time the government listened to the experts and all New Zealanders about this issue.

Based on what Ardern said moments ago, it seems as though the government is heading towards such a measure, though not as quickly as many would like.

Some more detail on the Covid-19 subsidies paid out, via a press release just received.

The release notes: The Treasury estimates the 12-week scheme will pay out between $8 billion and $12 billion. For each full time worker, businesses receive a lump-sum payment of $7,029.60, and for each part time worker $4,200. The full value of the subsidy has to be passed on to employees, unless their normal wages are below the subsidy, in which case the employee must be paid at least their normal wages.

Chris McDowalls daily update of the latest numbers in a series of charts will arrive later this afternoon, when the Ministry of Health updates its data. But hes plugged in the headline numbers and sent this, which offers some real encouragement that the measures are having an impact.

Heres what the numbers of new cases have been daily since the start of lockdown:78, 85, 83, 63, 76, 58, 61, 89, 71, 82, 89, 67, and 54 today.

The signs are promising, said Bloomfield at the briefing. But it was important to stick to the alert level four requirements over Easter, he said. Have a staycation.

Bloomfield has also updated the numbers on enforcement of the lockdown. He said police had recorded 291 breaches of the relevant orders, with 16 prosecutions, 263 warnings and 10 youth referrals.

There are 54 new cases of Covid-19 in New Zealand, Ashley Bloomfield, the director general of health, has just announced; 32 are confirmed and 22 are probable. It brings the total to 1,160.

There are 12 in hospital, with four in ICU (in Wellington, Waitemat, Counties Manukau and Southern District). One is in a critical condition.

There is now confirmed community transmission of 2% but this number is likely to climb.

Yesterday, 67 new cases were announced.

The ethnic breakdown: 73% European; 8.5% Asian; 7.8% Mori; 3.4% Pacific.

The seven day rolling average of tests is 3,063. The total tests undertaken to date is 42,826 and yesterday there were 2,908 tests undertaken.

Bloomfield noted updated recommendations from the World Health Organisation on the use of masks. The WHO doesnt recommend the use of surgical masks by the general public, except in particular circumstances, [such as] where someone is sick and wearing a mask protects others, or someone is caring for a sick person and the mask can help them, he said.

Bloomfield is appearing today at the Beehive press conference with the prime minister, Jacinda Ardern. The pair will henceforth routinely run a combined press conference. I will make sure we linger longer to take questions, said Ardern.

On the question of David Clark (see 7am), Ardern reiterated that in normal circumstances she would have sacked him from his health portfolio for breaching distancing guidelines. It was a massive mistake, but my priority above all else is our collective fight against Covid-19, she said. We cannot afford massive disruption in our health sector. His associate finance roles will be shared by Grant Robertson and David Parker.

The prime minister faced a range of questions about the viability of Clark remaining after what has happened. Removing him from his role at this time would not be in the best interests of the response that we are focused on, she said. Im focused on getting on with it now and he is, too.

To have fired him from the role would have left a challenge to get someone else up to speed in the role. That would not have been the right decision.

On the numbers announced today, Ardern said, for the moment we do appear at this moment to be on track.

On the wage subsidy, Ardern said 435,000 applications had now been lodged, with more than $6.6bn paid out, supporting more than a million workers.

On the prospect of mandatory quarantine of arrivals to New Zealand, Ardern said that was under consideration. She wanted a watertight border and we can do better on that.

Just as important, she said, was contact tracing. For a summary of why contact tracing matters, see our explainer from this morning.

Ardern also noted the plight of Boris Johnson, the British prime minister, who is now in ICU with Covid-19. Upon learning the prime minister had tested positive for Covid-19 some days ago now, I sent a message to him to pass on New Zealands best wishes, she said. He replied to that message and said his thoughts were also with all our friends in New Zealand. This more than ever is a time when every nation is connected and I know will want everyone in the UK, especially the prime minister, to know that we are thinking of them.

Winston Peters has announced a cabinet decision to open up potential airport transit by foreign nationals through New Zealand. There are millions of people around the world stranded by Covid-19 and we are continuing to do our part to help them get home, said Peters. Accordingly, cabinet agreed yesterday that New Zealand would seek reciprocal transit arrangements with a number of countries to enable our citizens to transit each others airports.

Strict regulation for these transits will be put in place, with protection of public health of utmost importance, he said in a statement. Transiting passengers cannot enter New Zealand, must have a maximum of 10 hours between flights, and must have no symptoms with Covid-19 nor contact with any suspected cases.

The New Zealand Institute of Economic Research has released the results of a survey giving a partial glimpse into how businesses think Covid-19 will impact them and the economy. The quarterly survey of business opinion showed that business confidence plummeted in the lead up to the lockdown with 67% of businesses expecting general economic conditions to deteriorate. Most firms expected to perform poorly next quarter, even after the lockdown was lifted, with hiring and output the common thread. The data also showed that that while activity held up reasonably well in the weeks leading up to the lockdown, businesses started to reduce operations in anticipation of weaker demand.

A 75-year-old man died in ICU in Adelaide overnight, reports ABC News, bringing Australias confirmed death toll from Covid-19 to 45. To date, Australia has 5,895 confirmed cases of Covid-19.

Both University of Otago epidemiologist Sir David Skegg and director general of health Ashley Bloomfield have said that there would need to be more security at the borders to prevent people bringing in more cases of Covid-19 into New Zealand once the country leaves level four. We need to be really confident that as we come out of alert level four we turn off the tap to additional cases coming into the country this is what elimination means, Bloomfield told the parliamentary select committee on Zoom today. Skegg raised four main measures needed to eliminate Covid-19 from New Zealand. How do we achieve elimination? Initial comprehensive lockdown, prevention of spread from returning New Zealanders, increased testing and rapid tracing of contacts, he said.

He also suggested the need for digital or app-based contact tracing, like those being used overseas, in order to track community transmission. He said this could potentially be applied on a small sample of people such as front line healthcare workers, with privacy taken into account. Speaking later in the meeting, health minister David Clark agreed electronic tracing can be beneficial, but emphasised that any use would augment existing efforts of contact tracing rather than replace them. He said the Singaporean government had offered to share the source code of their contact tracing app in the next couple of weeks, and that if that technology could be adapted to New Zealand (and New Zealanders were on board with it), that could be one option to augment existing contact tracing.

Skegg concluded the meeting by returning to the issue of border control and whether all returnees should be quarantined. Its not going to be satisfactory to tighten up the border in the last few days of lockdown. If youre trying to empty a bath with a cup, you dont leave the tap running at the other end, or even trickling In Australia and China people are quarantined in a hotel for two weeks when they arrive Im not sure why we cant do that.

He added that there were two kinds of health criteria that need to be met as we start to think about ending the lockdown. Firstly: Where have we got in controlling the epidemic? At the moment we need better analysis of data about new cases being detected, and epidemiological surveillance. Secondly: Do we have the tools in place to ensure we can continue to eliminate this virus once lockdown has stopped? Skegg pointed out that once we move down to phase three, people will likely be much more active as a reaction to having been cooped up for so long. Its nice to know that at the moment there are only two or three contacts on average, but that will suddenly change, so we have to ensure we have tremendously improved capability for contract tracing.

National MP Paul Goldsmith asked health minister David Clark if police had been sent a clear message about their priorities, that a critical part of their work should be focusing on following up on recent returnees in self-isolation. Goldsmith said there was an impression among the public that police have a huge amount of resources in some areas, for example in policing lockdown breaches on Tamaki Drive, but in critical areas about people coming through the border, they dont seem to be focused on that particular job. Clark said a very clear message had been sent to police around those expectations, and they were aware that extra resources were available if needed.

In response to a question from Act leader David Seymour about whether laboratories had been rejecting certain cases sent to them for testing, Clark said he wasnt aware of that happening, and that test capacity had been increased by 1,000 a day. Seymour also asked if supplies such as swabs were being rationed, which he said was a suspicion among medical professionals hed spoken to. Clark replied that there is a national collection of swabs, about 100,000, and the challenge really has been a logistical one to make sure theyre getting to the right places. Bloomfield reiterated this in answer to a question about whether a shortage of nose swabs meant tests were having to be done with second-choice throat swabs. He said there was no shortage of nose swabs in the country, and that it was a matter of distribution.

National MP Shane Reti asked about reports of people being turned away from testing facilities, even though they had been referred by their GP and had symptoms. Bloomfield responded that the testing stations are explicitly set up to test everyone with symptoms. It may well be that not everybody is tested, but that doesnt mean that either the GP or the testing person has got it wrong. Simon Bridges then pushed him on this point, saying that Bloomfield and the prime minister had both made clear last week that the GP would have the final say on this. New Zealanders have been led to believe that GPs now could say no ifs, no buts, you, Johnny, will be tested are you now going back on that? asked Bridges. Bloomfield said that yes, the case definition had been widened considerably and pushed out actively to primary care, which had led to a big increase in testing. Its very hard for me to second-guess a clinical interaction by clinicians, he said. There may well be isolated incidents of this, and Im very happy to pursue this.

When asked by Simon Bridges if the rate of testing had been satisfactory, Ashley Bloomfield said that the New Zealand testing rate was ahead of many other countries per capita.If you look at our mortality rate and compare that with the number of people were testing, weve got a very low mortality rate at this point if you look at France and Italy it is around 12% and were around 0.1%. Although he expected the number of deaths to increase, he said the low mortality so far was an encouraging sign that earlier testing was not missing cases.

Reti then addressed the issue of flu vaccine shortages. We continue to hear that flu vaccines are running out in the community and I dont accept the Ministry of Healths excuse that its a distribution issue, he said. Are there vaccine shortages and what are we doing about it? Clark responded that there was a distribution challenge and that vulnerable people and the elderly were being prioritised. Bloomfield claimed it was neither a supply or a stock issue. Pharmac buys supply in for both the public and private sectors, he explained, the private sector orders the vaccine ahead and pays for it, and it is sent out by a distributor Weve taken over some control of how that supply is distributed, but a lot of vaccine had already gone out. Each DHB is working hard, success is happening on a day-by-day basis to redistribute it. On the decision to start the vaccine campaign early, Reti asked whether there was any concern that the vaccine would run out while flu season was still in full swing. Bloomfield replied that it was an issue that was considered but the pros of starting early outweighed the cons.

Greens co-leader Marama Davidson said that Mori were three times more likely and Pasifika twice as likely to die from the flu as other populations, and asked how inequity issues around flu vaccine availability were being addressed. Clark responded that ensuring those populations could access the vaccine through iwi providers and Whnau Ora was front of mind. Its not an easy problem to solve, but were trying to address the issue of equity to make sure were looking after our Mori and Pacific populations, he said.

Simon Bridges asked Bloomfield why there was a shortage of PPE for front line health workers, many of whom had reported being bullied for wearing the wrong type and were concerned about dwindling supplies. Bloomfield replied there had been a range of PPE secured from abroad, which had been distributed out beyond DHBs to community-based organisations. However he said there needed to be guidance on what types of PPE was appropriate in certain clinical situations.

Bridges also pressed Bloomfield on the order issued on Friday evening under section 70(1) of the Health Act that provided a legal basis for the lockdown to be enforced, asking for the full legal advice received from Crown Law to be made public. New Zealanders need to know youre acting in accordance with the laws set by parliament, he said. Bloomfield replied that he also wanted to be 100% assured that were acting within the law in issuing the notice Considerable work went in from Crown Law and a range of other legal advisers to develop the notice, balancing out Bill of Rights Act considerations and other considerations.

In an appearance before the parliamentary epidemic response committee this morning, health minister David Clark admitted that he stuffed up by driving 20km to go to the beach after the lockdown period began. It can only be seen as a clear breach of the lockdown principles of staying local. As health minster I acknowledge that I not only have to follow the rules, but I have to set an example to all New Zealanders. Ive let the team down, Ive been a bit of an idiot, he said. None of the opposition MPs in the meeting have asked any questions about or made any reference to Clarks demotion.

University of Otago epidemiologist Sir David Skegg will speak to the parliamentary epidemic response committee this morning, followed by health minister David Clark and director general of health Ashley Bloomfield. Updates to follow, or you can watch it all happen live here:

Todays number of new Covid-19 cases could signal a turning point in the fight against the virus and show lockdown efforts are working, economic research institute Motus executive director John McDermott has told Kathryn Ryan on RNZ Nine to Noon. He explained that the virus has three phases exponential growth, linear growth (the phase we are currently in) and decline. If we were to see a number in the fifties today, that would be a good sign the country has turned a corner and is entering the decline phase. McDermott told Ryan he is cautiously optimistic efforts to stop the spread of the virus are working based on the numbers so far.

Epidemiologists, admits the University of Otagos Dr Michael Baker, can be a pessimistic bunch. He has been among the doomiest in recent weeks, yet speaking to Morning Report this morning he said that the findings at the moment are very positive. This was because, despite a large increase in test volume, our positive tests are flat to falling. He said it was time to start preparing for the next phase of testing and monitoring. Weve had great increase in test volume, but we just dont really have a breakdown of where the tests are being done, he said, while advocating for greater data on who was being tested, and where. Following that, New Zealand should expand case definition and priority groups, he told RNZs Susie Ferguson.

Basically, we cant test everyone in the country. But we can gradually expand that testing base. He said New Zealands next move should be to begin testing groups with a greater chance of exposure. Once you move from testing symptomatic people you move to testing asymptomatic people in higher-risk groups.

He went to on make the case for sewage testing, as detailed in Mirjam Guesgens feature for The Spinoff yesterday. Its pooled testing of large groups of people, from a whole town or city, he told Ferguson. Finally, he continued to press the case for more stringent monitoring of overseas arrivals and better contact tracing. Whether its an ankle bracelet, or an app on your phone, he said that tracking this group is the most critical infrastructure to put in place.

Read more: The Spinoffs feature on the power of sewage testing

UK prime minister Boris Johnson has been moved to intensive care because of his current Covid-19 infection. He was admitted to St Thomas Hospital, in London yesterday, and has remained there ever since. The BBC reports that foreign secretary Dominic Raab has been asked to deputise where necessary. A statement from the prime ministers office says that over the course of this afternoon, the condition of the prime minister has worsened and, on the advice of his medical team, he has been moved to the intensive care unit at the hospital. It continued: The PM is receiving excellent care, and thanks all NHS staff for their hard work and dedication.

Last week, a story came out about health minister David Clark driving to a mountain bike park to have a ride on a trail, contradicting advice from his own ministry. Now, as One News reports, he has admitted driving 20km to go to the beach after the lockdown period began a clear breach. As a result, Clark has been dropped to the bottom of the cabinet rankings, and will be stripped of his associate finance role. Ive been an idiot, and I understand why people will be angry with me, he said in a statement.

As part of his penance Clark been forced to do a full round of broadcasting interviews this morning, repeating ad infinitum that hes been an idiot. He next has a stint before the Covid-19 committee to look forward to. Hell appear alongside the director general, Ashley Bloomfield, for two hours from 10.10am. Well have all the important bits in the live updates here.

Clark will keep his health portfolio for now, on the grounds that switching a new minister in could waste valuable days in the wider fight against Covid-19. Yesterday evening the health minister advised me of his trip to a beach during the lockdown and offered his resignation, Jacinda Ardern said in a statement. Under normal conditions I would sack the minister of health. What he did was wrong, and there are no excuses.

She added: While he maintains his health portfolio, I am stripping him of his role as associate finance minister and demoting him to the bottom of our cabinet rankings. I expect better, and so does New Zealand.

Clark issued a contrite statement of his own in response, saying he had provided Ardern with what he described as a complete picture of my activity outside my home during alert level four, including having driven his family approximately 20 kilometres from our house in Dunedin to Doctors Point Beach for a walk.

He admitted that the trip was in breach of the principles of the lockdown, saying as the health minister its my responsibly to not only follow the rules but set an example to other New Zealanders.

From a political perspective it basically had to happen in these circumstances. With the government aggressively pushing the stay at home message to the public, it could not afford for one of its most prominent figures to do anything that contradicts that message. In Scotland, a similar story has just played out, with their chief medical officer resigning over trips to her second home. Initially, she too had planned to ride out the controversy, but the position very quickly became untenable. It will be interesting to see how long Clark will continue in the health role one can only assume that a succession plan will now be underway. RNZ political editor Jane Patterson has suggested Clark is unlikely to remain in cabinet after the lockdown is completed. I would say his days are numbered, she said on Morning Report today.

Meanwhile, leader of the opposition Simon Bridges has generated headlines for his commute by car from Tauranga to Wellington a journey of about seven hours each way. Bridges is currently chairing the Epidemic Response Committee from Wellington, but continues to live in Tauranga the rest of the time, despite the committee meeting over Zoom. Bridges argued that it was an essential job, and he was best able to do it from Wellington, even though it goes against advice on long car trips. He also cited an unreliable internet connection at home. PM Ardern quite pointedly refused to criticise Bridges.

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One of the major problems of the lockdown period is that it can have a damaging effect on mentalhealth.Isolation and a lack of physical contact can be really hard for some, for others there will be added stresses with loss of jobs or round the clock childcare. This has long been known about as a potential trade-off within the wider lockdown decision for example last month theMental Health Foundation launched a series of its own tools aimed at keeping people going. Its key messages were that its OK to feel anxious and scared during this time, and they spoke about the importance of keeping active and keeping in touch with loved ones. Clinical psychologist Jacqui Maguire wrote a useful piece for The Pressaround the start of the lockdown period about how to cope.

Now the government has launched its own campaign,reports theNZ Herald. It contains a range of tools and tips at this stage, with further, more direct support like phone or online resources to be finalised and announced this week. It bears a lot of similarity to those tools deployed after the Canterbury earthquake, and has been developed in part by the same people. Health minister David Clark said the messages in the campaign launched today tell us that its OK not to feel all right, all of the time. He added that it is important to remember that a lot of the usual places people might go to for support, like your doctor, are still available. It might just be a phone call or an online video link instead.

A greater outline has been given by the PM on how decisions will be made on regional lifting of lockdowns. TheODTreports Jacinda Ardern says testing at a regionalised level will be crucial, particularly those regions which have so far seen fewer cases and therefore fewer tests. Otago University expert Dr Ayesha Verrall had an important point to make in thisarticle by me about contact tracing, which is the another hugely important tool for leaving lockdown. Unless you know how many cases you can trace, you dont know what your epidemiological trigger is for going into lockdown, said Verrall.

One of the biggest points of contention in the current response to Covid-19 is around the wearing of masks.Should we all be wearing them all the time?Dr Siouxsie Wileshas outlined the complicated issues around that question, and rather than summarise it crudely, I highly encourage you to read her unpacking of it.

A survey conducted by South Island Whnau Ora commissioning agency Te Ptahitangi te Waipounamu has found hundreds of Mori families are concerned about running out of food.StuffsCate Broughton has reported on the survey, which covers how some of the $15 million allocated to Whnau Ora agencies will be spent over the lockdown. Some families have reported that because a member has underlying health conditions, it is dangerous to send someone to the supermarket. Others simply cant afford it, after losing jobs. It has left many gaps in the safety net that need to be filled.

We havent really covered this off yet in The Bulletin, but details are coming out on a hibernation option for businesses hit by Covid-19. Business Desk(not paywalled for once) has done a wrap of what details are known so far, including the conditions by which it might be taken up. The key point for businesses who want it appears to be the agreement of their creditors they wont simply be able to choose to do so without running it by others who might be affected by the decision.

Some more international comparisons to share: Newsroomhas tested the claim of the government that weve gone early and gone hard against Covid-19 with border and lockdown measures, compared to similar countries. The conclusion is that while weve definitely gone early relative to the outbreaks of other countries, there are a few different pieces of data that matter. And for anupdate on the case numbersto date, there were 67 new ones yesterday, bringing the total up to 1106. So its not great, but its also not the exponential curve that other countries are experiencing, as far as we can tell for now.

The New York Times reports that US cases of Covid-19 have surpassed that of Italy and Spain, the two worst-hit nations, combined. It now has 347,003 cases, per Johns Hopkins, well beyond the 267,579 cumulatively reported by the stricken European nations. At the same time, there are still signs the US epicentre of New York might be cresting, with the 599 deaths reported overnight only a slight increase from the day before, and down from Fridays peak of 630. The overall national death toll neared 10,000, as California attempted to organise a national distribution of medical supplies according to need, rather than the current system of states competing for them.

Iran has announced its intention to decide the economy-versus-health dilemma by leaning toward the economy, saying that business restrictions will end on Saturday. Al Jazeera reports its president Hassan Rouhani as saying that two thirds of government employees will be back to work by April 11, saying under the supervision of the health ministry, all those low-risk economic activities will resume from Saturday, adding, those activities will resume in the capital, Tehran, from April 18.

The global death toll stands at 72,638 , with over 5,300 of those officially occurring in UK hospitals. yet as the Guardian reports, there is a lag in cause-of-death attribution which means this total will continue to rise, and is distorting our understanding of which nations have most successfully combatted Covid-19. Elsewhere Germany is considering making face masks mandatory in public, Italy saw a rise in deaths, breaking a steady decline, while Spain recorded a fourth day of declining deaths, registering 637, for a total of 13,055.

In a move that neatly shows its not just beneficiaries who need welfare payments, the government has set up a website to show which businesses and other entities have applied for and received the governments wage subsidy, how many employees they list and the size of the payment received. It shows retail giants like Kmart ($12m), along with tech firms like TradeMe ($4.1m) have received funds, along with smaller organisations like the Taxpayers Union ($60k). Full disclosure while not yet in the database, The Spinoff has also received around $120,000 in wage subsidies.

Check out the database here

Read more in yesterdays live updates

Join The Spinoff Members for as little as $1 to help us continue our work and cover the stories that matter. Get a free Toby Morris-designed tea towel when you contribute $80 or more over a year.

The Spinoff Weekly compiles the best stories of the week an essential guide to modern life in New Zealand, emailed out on Monday evenings.

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Covid-19 live updates, April 7: Mental health resource Getting Through Together now available - The Spinoff

Corona: What have you done to our economy and society? – Elets

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Covid-19 crisis is a bolt from the blue. There is no precedent of this particular strain of the Corona virus and hence, any projections of its impact can at best be treated as intelligent guesses. Predictive numbers need to be relied upon with great caution. One can only hope to keep a very close watch on how the crisis unfolds and keep tinkering with different actions as facts regarding the virus trajectory, the effectiveness or otherwise of containment efforts, and reactions of various economic actors become clearer. The situation can be categorized as a natural calamity induced crisis which would, as any crisis does, effect both the supply and demand sides of the economy and threaten not only the financial markets but the socio-economic fabric of society.

What the current scenario shows about likely impacts on India?

The pandemic has made a frontal attack on the supply side of the economy. With a nationwide lockdown having been imposed in the country, production barring few essential services, has come to a grinding halt. This threatens to disrupt supply chains, exaggerate problems in industries which were already exasperating for breath due to an economic slowdown, thus leading to large scale unemployment and layoffs. The decision for lockdown, in crude terms, is essentially being seen as a decision between GDP and lives, though in the longer term the fallouts could be more nuanced. The initial supply shock in consumer goods will grow into multiple dimensions through cascading effects as gradually even supporting industries would cease to be functional.

Once, the supply shock has deepened, the stress on the supply side would spill into the demand side as money would cease to enter peoples wallets due to work-stoppages, layoffs, loss of jobs or even long-term unemployment. An indirect transmission of supply shocks to the economic system may happen through financial markets. As markets fall and households see wealth vanishing rapidly, they will tend to hold on to whatever they have and cut their consumption drastically.Covid-19would by keeping consumers at home and making them feel gloomy about future prospects, severely dent consumer demand. The Rupee could collapse throwing the economy into a tailspin.

There would be other simultaneous shocks to the economy. Trade would take a brutal hit. Close to $180 billion worth of exports and imports of India are linked to highly affected countries. The most telling impact would be on the casual labor which comprises close to 25 percent of Indias workforce. They would not only face economic hardships but also a severe social calamity in the form of helplessness, malnutrition, alcoholism and criminality. Some sections of the industry like aviation, travel and tourism and large retail would be worse off than others. Most companies would face severe liquidity crunch, which was already hurting pre-Covid19 and they would not find any immediate succor. This is because close to a quarter of the liquidity deployed in the market through banks is in the segments of industry most effected by the pandemic spread and lockdown. Almost all such industries have seen and will continue to see a severe drop in revenues and thus worsen the overall liquidity situation in the country over time.

The country has been put under a nation-wide lockdown from the midnight of 25 March, 2020. While social distancing is necessary to prevent rapid spread of the epidemic, there is a huge economic cost which is entailed by the decision. There is no denying the fact that the choice seemed to be between GDP and lives. However, sooner than later, questions regarding rising unemployment, shutting down of businesses, increasing non-performing assets, supply chain disruptions, reduced investments and contracting demand would become serious challenges to deal with. The sooner we reframe the choice from being between GDP and lives to being between lives and lives, the better we would be able to manage the crisis

Whats best strategy now?

1. While this may seem to be the right time to undertake structural reforms which may help build long-term resilience to such crises in the future, our prime concern has to the revival of the economy in the present. To the extent possible, we should only focus on the short-term for the moment while trying to ensure that these short-term measures are in alignment with the needed long-term structural changes.

2. It would be vital to quickly seal the chasms that have developed in the supply side of the economy. We have to remember that the demand side shock is ultimately a fallout of the supply side shock and not vice-versa. Instead of relying on traditional methods which propagate increased public spending in asset creation, more fiscal resources should be targeted at directly helping individuals and firms that may have collapsed due to this sudden shock.

3. To begin with, expenditure on certain ongoing schemes of Government that are long term and will not produce any impact on economic revival/ job-creation in the near term (current financial year) could be brought down to maintenance mode. A list of such schemes may be drawn by respective Ministries and State Governments as Category M projects. New schemes of similar kind waiting for Government nod may be pursued upto the stage of approval by Government, however, deployment of financial resources on such schemes may be done only from the next financial year.

4. Expenditures on both Central and State schemes for infrastructure creation may be continued on the condition that projects to be undertaken from such funds may follow a revised priority which focuses broadly on two things:

a.Priorities on the health-related responseb.Priorities on the economic response.

5. The responses for every sector would have to be classified into short term (2 3 months) focused clearly on defeating the onslaught of the pandemic; medium term (3 to 8 months) focused on socioeconomic revival; long term (8 months onwards) focusing on pushing ahead on all cylinders based on new emergent realities.

Key focus areas and actions

Short term:

1. First and foremost, cities and States need to set up and augment crisis management efforts and build capacity to monitor key indicators regarding the spread of the epidemic, availability of supplies, preparedness and management protocols.Innovative use of technology and data science tools to not only monitor epidemic data, but also key indicators regarding the health of their local economy should be prioritized. Protection of doctors, paramedics, ramping up hospital facilities and critical equipments, supplies should be done on a war footing.

2. Flattening the curve of the epidemic below levels of available capacity in terms of hospital and ICU beds is a top priority. Mere lockdown wont be enough for this to be achieved. A lockdown is actually not sustainable beyond a point as people will start to decide between a thin chance of dying from the virus and an almost 100% chance of starving to death. Faced with such alternatives, there will be a clamour to restart production. How should the lockdown be released so that the costs on society can be minimized and the benefits maximized? Israel has suggested the poor mans strategy which is to isolate the elderly and let the young restart work in a gradual fashion. This would end up being a sub-optimal strategy because there would be a great risk of increased infections at any point of time going forward leading to uncertain, indefinite and on-and-off clampdown of lockdowns in the future.

Smart ways of leveraging the lockdown time period lie in the world of data. If somehow, a rapid testing methodology (NAT or equivalent) can be deployed at large scale which can allow for quick tests, then a sampling methodology can ensure that the working population can be screened as per need, if needed quarantined and then treated so as to allow them to get back to work as quickly as possible. Tests should not only be free, they should also be freely available. While discontinuing the lockdown, more networked activities should be started later than others. Relaxation measures should be based on careful reading of the data regarding health and economy indicators at all times.

3. Social distancing and lockdown have to be augmented with fiscal action to mitigate the longterm economic impacts of the lockdown. Fiscal action needs to be directly focused on providing relief to individuals and firms most affected by the crisis and not on public spending on creation of economic assets like highways and sewage systems. The actions would include, inter alia, ways of ensuring people remain on payrolls or else are provided unemployment allowance etc. Merely providing cash in the hands of the poor would not suffice as there could be a deeper crisis impending in the form of shortage in availability of food, health services etc. The Government should therefore ensure availability of basic items of life to people directly. This is a time to err on the side of generosity. Instead of spending too much time in targeting specific vulnerable groups, the Government should act faster in a more broadbased manner. There is more than 50 million tons of food grains stored with the FCI. There could be no other opportune time when the country needs to deploy those resources to prevent the poor from falling into the trap of hunger and malnutrition.

For a brief period, the Government could actually look at passing a law against layoffs for certain kind of businesses, or could look at supporting workers in crisis-ridden industries through part payment of salaries. The crisis hit manufacturing sector needs to be supported through special loans, restructuring of loans and rescheduling of loans for firms, GST breaks, tax incentives, altered insurance premiums especially the SMEs. After individuals and firms, banks need to be supported. The role of the RBI in this context will be crucial. We have seen that in an unprecedented move, the Fed bought into municipal bonds in the US to provide for liquidity needs of local governments. Extraordinary times need extraordinary solutions and the bureaucracy should step aside from the playbook to make them possible.

4. Beg, borrow and steal to make as much fiscal space available for timely action. The country will have to be very creative with generation of resources. Fiscal deficit goals could be shelved for at least the next 6 months. Multilateral and bilateral development banks should be tapped into to borrow money for short term revival if so needed. Governments existing schemes should be reoriented to look at channelizing money into the two most important priority areas health and economic revival. There is no time to initiate new schemes nor would it be wise to do so. The existing schemes should be used to channelize money into those priorities. Part of our foreign exchange reserves should be deployed to meet with the crisis. Listing Bonds on international stock exchanges could be explored. One of the quickest ways to garner funds would be to capture the space created by the sudden collapse of the price of crude oil. Government can capture those gains and deploy them for crisis management at this juncture.

Medium Term:

1. The focus has to be on rapid economic revival. The Government has announced a crisis management package of 1.7 lakh crores recently, which may need to be scaled up to close to 5-6 percent of GDP considering the magnitude of the crisis. Within that package, resources would have to be found to support sectors (automobile, aviation, travel and leisure, construction, retail etc.) most severely impacted by the crisis. These sectors would have to be supported through incentives, moratoriums and easy availability of credit. NPAs, debt/earnings ratios may be allowed to be breached for a considered shortterm period in order to support quick revival.

2. Investments into expansion of the healthcare system would need to be continued. A major emphasis may have to be given on the development/ sourcing of a vaccine to deal with the Covid19 outbreak. Collaboration with international agencies and being nestled in global efforts in this direction would be immensely important. States are playing the most important role at the forefront of dealing with the crisis. They face constraints in using resources for the crisis as their hands are tied with laws like the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003. It is time that the restraints applicable by virtue of the Act are relaxed for the current financial year. A free hand would have to be given to the States to ramp up testing infrastructure, health facilities and buying vaccines as per their need.

3. A new paradigm of trust-based collaboration between local government and citizens may be explored. This new paradigm shall be citizencentric and solution-focused rather than government-centric, and problem-focused. In this new paradigm, citizens may be invited to become suppliers of resources, data, solutions and actions at the local community level. In such a paradigm of demand-side-supply creation, the citizens (demand side), become solution providers (supply side) thereby igniting a virtuous cycle of complementary value that is amplified through mutual trust. Such platforms would be of great value in not only creating awareness in society regarding important messages but can stir local action in times of crisis rapidly and in great numbers.

4. Focused attention to informal and unorganized sector should be a top priority as they are mostly lost sight of from such economic interventions in absence of proper documentation and structured institutional arrangements. However, even though gradually moving them towards formalization should be the long-term goal of policy, it should not be a priority in the short term. NREGA could act as a great source of relief for the labor force who cannot join back work immediately. PDS systems should be expanded and extra amount of grains may be provided to large sections of the population, without bothering too much about targeting any particular economic classes. Special focus on checking malnutrition amongst the poor, improved outreach to the poor through ASHA workers, Anganwadis and other similar infrastructure could be looked at.

Long Term:1. One of the telling criticisms of globalization has been that incomes of owners of capital have risen much faster than providers of labor. In fact, median real incomes have either flattened or sloped down in many parts of the world, thus giving rise to increasing levels of income inequality on the globe. Capital begets more capital. Initial endowments play a critical role in defining future incomes. A society with unequal levels of ownership of capital and unequal access to basic services like health and education would see exacerbation of such differences as it attempts to push frontiers of economic growth. The pain having befallen on migrant workers, casual labor during the current crisis is a symptom of this larger problem of a capitalist society. Today the State essentially looks at supporting their livelihoods through entitlement driven programs (social pensions, public distribution system, subsidies, housing etc.); employment related programs (NREGA, BOCW Act for construction workers, Contract Labor Act etc.); free services (free healthcare OPDs, Aayushman Bharat, free education in Government schools etc.). It is important to stress that the countrys expenditure on the health and education sectors needs to go up. Merely increased expenditure wont suffice. Public institutions need to be held accountable to quality benchmarks. It is then that such institutionswhether schools, colleges, hospitals would start to set service level benchmarks even for the private sector. No matter what else public sector institutions achieve, if they are able to achieve this much, they would have played their part in improving social sector services in the country by miles.

While these are laudable efforts, they still will not bestow foundational equality. A case in point is that while some academic institutes could embrace online education during the lockdown most couldnt, highlighting societys digital divide. Such welfare schemes cannot act as the scaffolding to catapult the poor from poverty to prosperity because they do not make them owners of capital. The reasons are many- poor quality of services, no direct incidence on growth of income etc. Government has to prioritize redistributive justice to the poorest through effective implementation of land reforms. In a country where more than 70 percent farmers have less than 2 hectares of land and almost 40 percent of the workforce in agriculture is landless, no amount of support services can provide the foundation for sustainable upliftment from a state of perennial crisis. When I talk of land reforms I do not mean it in the cosmetic sense that it has been carried out so far, but in actual redistribution of land between the haves and the have-nots. The political economy has to bite this bullet before it is too late.

2. Revving up the economic engine in the long run would need more than liquidity, doles and incentives. I propose the new paradigm can be represented by the acronym FITFreedom, Incentives, Transparency. Indias industry needs more freedom to experiment, to fail, to try new horizons. We live in times of rapidly shifting landscapes in the world of products, business models, technologies, scale and speed. An army with powerful capabilities in maritime situations, when faced with an onslaught from the enemy may see its strength on paper collapsing rather rapidly. Dealing with crises is a different ballgame than business-as-usual operations. Crises like Covid19 provide us an opportunity to reflect on how well prepared we are to deal with unimagined onslaughts on various kinds. The Indian industry has to evolve to be like an army which builds resilience through trying, failing, reflecting and building its strategy and armory through a process of continuous learning. Such industries or firms which demonstrate resilience and keep performing better over time should find support through positive incentives while others who fail to perform should be allowed to perish without pride or prejudice. For example, while SMEs or MUDRA loan receiving entities should continue to be encouraged by providing seed capital to allow for experimentation learning to begin with, support should be continued only if they show performance on pre-decided metrics. All this should happen in a fully transparent system, where all data about the working of the ecosystem, who gets what etc. is made available in the public domain.

3. Governments aspirations towards becoming a 5 trillion-dollar economy are laudable However, actions belie the aspirations. There are many priorities, programs, and policies currently. In the absence of harmonization amongst them, different actors in the economic system end up working towards different goalposts in a fragmented and inefficient manner, sub-optimally addressing the national imperative leading to its under achievement and wastage of resources in the process. While the need for different policies in different sectors cannot be denied, their tendency to work at cross purposes to each other needs acknowledgement and minimization. The classic case is of labour laws. Even taxation laws that may seem prudent from the viewpoint of revenue collection may sometimes be detrimental to long-term economic growth. Similar is the case with urban and rural development policies, which instead of working in a symbiotic fashion, work at cross purposes to each other. Direct efforts to increase entrepreneurship have been less useful than long term investments in the acquisition of productive knowledge and building appropriate infrastructure. Even today, nearly half of Indias labour force is in agriculture, contributing merely onesixth of its GDP. Macroeconomic policies like monetary policy, fiscal policy, industrial policy, regulatory and judicial environment, etc. have an important role to play in supporting this upward mobility in the economy but they cannot be looked at in isolation. The need of the hour is to harmonize these policies and create an escalator that supports the movement of people away from agriculture into manufacturing and services.

4. There is a need to focus urban investments through the lens of Economic Complexity. Cities contribute close to two-thirds of the countrys GDP. Government programs in the urban sector largely consist of sector (water, solid waste, etc.) programs, focused on the creation of general infrastructure through implementation of top-down designs. They have, no doubt, been laudable initiatives with tremendous achievements across the country in the provision of basic infrastructure and services like roads, water supply, waste management, streetlighting, etc. However, actions to support economic growth have never been a direct priority in their design. Any such correlation is indirect and not measurable. While on the one hand, the need to substantially increase such investments cannot be exaggerated; on the other, there is an urgent need to focus existing investments on the achievement of tangible economic outcomes. Perverse incentives have got embedded in the urban ecosystem through over-reliance on grant-based funding. One, the focus of city governments on enhancing their own tax revenues has declined, and they show no appetite for raising commercial finance due to the availability of easy grants.

Central and State Governments need to recognize the principle of subsidiarity and implement the 74th CA in true spirit. Some examples of specific inputs needed by a city whose economy depends on agro-based industries are cold storage units, packaging units, marketing centres, transportation infrastructure for fast transport of fresh produce etc. A good sewerage network, water supply system are examples of general inputs, which by no means are unimportant. However, by themselves, they would not lead to improved economic growth unless specific inputs are provided for. Investment in creation of a market for better seeds could cause an agricultural revolution; improved freight infrastructure could open up new possibilities for light manufactures; clarifying property rights and land-use regulations may lead to growth in the real estate sector. Going forward, provision of specific inputs like these as per the need of a city/ regions context should be the most important goals of urban investments at all levels.

5. The importance of decentralization in solving problems in an agile manner cannot be exaggerated. Economic growth has to be a key objective of local governments. While it applies to both urban and rural local bodies, I stress on urban local bodies to begin with because they carry two-thirds of the countrys economic burden. They should be able to anchor the citys economic imperatives. Each citys context, history and aspirations are different and ULBs being the closest to the context are best placed to decide on relevant actions to fulfill them. For example, before the crisis if a city was entirely dependent on tourism rather than multiple other economic activities it shall need to review its strategy as tourism is a sector which wont recover in the short to medium term post the crisis. Value-driven organizations are empowered and autonomous entities. However, lack of authority, autonomy, accountability (3As) has incapacitated our cities. The 74th amendment, though enacted to solve lack of the 3As, has in practice, burdened our urban local bodies with huge responsibilities of service delivery without granting them the requisite autonomy to manage their own affairs. Over-dependence on State and national governments threatens to sever their links with citizens and creates a complex principal-agent problem, wherein the principal, i.e., the citizens, have poor control over the way their agents govern them.

The underperformance and lack of capacity of our ULBs are mere symptoms of the underlying disease, which is a lack of control over their destinies. They are governed by risk-averse bureaucrats, who are transferred frequently at the whims of State Governments. This creates a very difficult problem of lack of ownership, continuity, and fearlessness. They do not have powers to formulate human resource policies suitable to their context or enact laws and regulations on subjects devolved to them as part of the 12th schedule. They lack full fiscal powers to levy and modify different taxes and financial powers to raise commercial finance from the market based on their capital needs. All these decisions need to be ratified/ approved by State Governments, which defeats the spirit of the 74th CA. ULBs as City Governments should be able to take these decisions independently. There needs to be statutory sharing of GST between all the three tiers of Government- Centre, States and ULBs. This may necessitate an amendment to the Constitution to allow for trifurcation of GST receipts between the three tiers of Government. The FIT paradigm as proposed for industries can be suitably applied to this context for building the capacities of our urban local bodies to become resilient to these crises going forward.

6. An integrated Ministry for Economic Growth, both at the Centre and State levels could be examined. I propose the setting up of an integrated Ministry, both at the national and state levels to bring convergence between the functions of industrial policy, urbanization, regional development, and economic growth through the whole of Government approach. Reduction of income and spatial inequality, promotion of symbiotic urban and regional development policies to foster the growth of systems of cities in the regional context should be its key objective. Mechanisms to achieve these objectives could be manifold, and, more importantly, different for different regions.

Rather than having its own top-down, onesize- fits-all approach, it will support specific actions needed to catalyze inclusive economic growth in those regions. The Ministry, both at the national and state levels, would foster right synergies between various actors and address evolving situations in an agile and effective manner. The core argument in proposing the integrated Ministry is not to centrally direct the course that cities and regions should take, but rather to support them in their local endeavors through creation of appropriate institutional, policy alignment and coordination between different actors in the federal system- funding agencies, government departments, other public and private entities and so on. Economic prerogatives are path-dependent and hence, different for different regions and cities. Cities and regions should continue to be the primary drivers of economic growth.

7. The crisis has brought the use of technology into limelight. States and cities have set up war rooms, command and control centres equipped with the latest gadgets and applications for effective communication with citizens and stakeholders; gathering information from various sources; management of activities, essential supplies and lockdown; and predictive modelling for keeping up with needs of the future. Technology has been used beyond crisis management in many innovative ways. Work-from-home, a hitherto talked about but a concept which was not taken seriously, has ensured that productivity does not dip in times of crisis. Online education has also been an eye-opener. Many academic institutions could switch over to online medium of teaching to ensure disruption less pursuit of their academic goals. Many world leaders embraced video-conferencing technologies to collaborate and share messages amongst each other to effectively fight the crisis. Innovations have been observed in the use of drones to gather information, enforce the lockdown and ensure supply of essential items. Sensors and cameras deployed across the cities have helped administrations keep eyes and ears on the happenings on ground. Mobile Apps provided quick solutions to coordination, information and management problems.

The success of these efforts in the field of technology demonstrate its power and should not end as the crisis subsides. Government has to become nimbler in the use of technology. Traditional ways of evaluating projects for funding tend to get applied to new-age technology and innovative projects which either kills them before they materialize or end up making a mockery through achievement of sub-optimal and mediocre outcomes. If anything, the Government needs to take home as a long-term lesson from the crisis is to become nimbler, more open in experimentation with cutting edge technology and innovation going forward. To say the least, technology can play a tremendous role in increasing access to quality health and education services to the masses. Even though such gains would be tremendous, they would still account for only the tip of the iceberg, as the potential of modern technology to transform governance and citizen outcomes goes much beyond these two important sectors.

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Corona: What have you done to our economy and society? - Elets

ESDS Software Solutions recognized as Asias 15th Best Workplace by Great Place To Work Institute – Elets

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Great Place to Work Institute has certified ESDS Software Solutions as Asias 15th Best Workplace of 2020 under its Best Workplaces in Asia category. This is an ideal recognition for ESDS because of their consistency and dedication towards creating a better working environment for their employees. Across 8 Asian countries, more than 2 Million employees participated in the institutes survey.

Great Place to Work (GPTW) is considered the Gold Standard in workplace culture assessment and recognition. The institute is a global authority which ranks organization in various categories based on their workplace culture, behavioral integrity of leaders and healthy relationship networks. In Asia, the Best Workplaces stand out by creating sustainability when it comes to work and life. Employees in Asias Best Workplaces experience balance and deeply human relationships on the job.

We congratulate the 2020 Best Workplaces in Asia for their leadership building Great Places to Work For All. These companies are global leaders in creating highly inclusive workplaces that are better for business, better for people, and better for the world, said Michael C Bush, CEO Great Place to Work.

ESDS is known for its best HR and people practices as we have bagged many national and international awards from globally acclaimed organizations. At ESDS, our employees are our valued customer and right from our Founder to the management team, everybody is always proactive towards providing support for employee growth and empowered work culture, said Chandra Mauli Dwivedi, Chief Human Resource Officer, ESDS Software Solution.

The word Family resonates with ESDS when ESDSians are asked about their perception towards the company. Achieving such recognition every year is no small feat but it was only possible because best work-life balance has been a value of great extent for ESDS as their core focus lies on being a people-driven organization.

From Indias top GPTW last year, we are now Asias 15th Great Place To Work in 2020. This monumental achievement has only been made possible by the strong belief & trust of every ESDSians in the cultural values of ESDS and their unwavering ability to support and promote these values. The times are tough for businesses worldwide due to the Coronavirus outbreak, yet this deadly virus has not been able to shake the united strength of ESDSians and we have found ways to help out each other. We will stand firmly by each and every customer of ESDS and the family member of our ESDSians, said Piyush Somani, Founder, CEO & Group MD, ESDS Software Solution

About ESDS Software Solution

Born with a global mindset, ESDS began its operations from the Tier 2 city of Nashik (India) in 2005 and presently has its footprint in 19 nations across APAC, Europe, Middle East, the Americas and Africa. ESDS acts as a catalyst for digital transformation in the modern outcome-based economy by enabling organizations to embrace advanced technologies.

At ESDS, we believe in creating lifetime relationships and fostering a culture of co-existence by uniting minds that are passionate about delivering innovative solutions and exuberant customer experience. More than 750 organizations, backed by a committed workforce at ESDS, have successfully achieved their business objectives.

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ESDS Software Solutions recognized as Asias 15th Best Workplace by Great Place To Work Institute - Elets

Trudeau to destroy another resource industry in the west but to the chagrin of the Feds Alberta could benefit – Brooks Bulletin

Albertans are used to being singled out by the Trudeau government as a target to destroy our resource-based economy. But we are not alone, in a mandate letter to the new federal Fisheries Minister he commanded the Minister to work with BC and Indigenous communities to create a responsible plan to transition from open-net salmon farming in coastal BC waters by 2025. That would be the same transition word Liberals use about phasing out the oilsands. That mandate caused an immediate uproar in the BC fish farming industry including First Nations involved in that business who see the termination of their industry. The delusion promoted by anti-open net salmon farming activists and political parties is that the entire industry can just be moved onto land-based containment rearing systems. Like with the delusion of creating hundreds of thousands of green jobs in Alberta to replace our energy industry that level of wilful ignorance is truly astounding. The BC salmon farming industry involves 7,000 jobs and $1.2 billion in annual business mainly based in remote locations on Vancouver Island. There is only one reason why the industry is based there because open-net farms require sheltered sea water locations for low-cost salmon production. If they are no longer allowed to operate in that way, commercial fish farming companies will just close down and move or expand their salmon operations in other parts of the world. As to land-based total containment fish farming operations, there is no economic rationale in building such expensive facilities on Vancouver Island. Trucking fish food a thousand miles to a remote island land operation just to truck out harvested salmon thousands of miles to markets is a sure-fire recipe for bankruptcy the ferries alone would be a massive burden in costs and time lost. A modest prototype total land-based operation on Vancouver Island has consistently lost money despite receiving $10 million in government grants. The reality is without low-cost open net fish farming the industry is not viable anywhere on the BC coast. The BC government probably understands that eliminating open-net fish farming will be the demise of industry and the loss of jobs in remote coastal areas. They probably also understand that if land-based salmon farming operations are to be successful they will need vast economies of scale, be close to a large source of fish food, and be within reasonable trucking distance to major north American markets. I would suggest that any commercial entity contemplating a vast land-based operation would quickly realize that faraway coastal BC would be the last location on their list. Interestingly, southern Alberta would rank high on the list for a major world-class land-based containment salmon-farming operation. Heres why fish food is a major production cost and due to their carnivorous nature, salmon require some fish oil and fish meal in their fattening diet. Those ingredients were usually available in coastal fishing areas. But Cargill, an animal feed processing company, has developed a strain of Canola that supplies the exact omega oil and meal nutrient requirements as original rendered fish products. That variety of fish food Canola is being grown for Cargill right next door in Montana. No need to haul that feed a thousand miles and ferry rides to remote BC coastal sites if commercial fish farming operations were in southern Alberta. Transportation logistics are also well-developed in southern Alberta thousands of trucks and railcars already transport millions of tons of beef, pork and other food products from Alberta to every part of north America. But there is more.Can you imagine the regulatory and environmental protocol nightmare the BC government and its green group allies would inflict on any commercial sized land-based containment operation proposal. Its not the same, but Alberta already has long experience with commercial intensive meat production with cattle feedlot production and beef processing. Those regulatory, environmental and management processes are a precedent for industrialized fish (feedlot-type) farming. We also have the land, water and low-cost utilities. Heck with all the solar and wind power, Alberta could produce the most sustainable salmon in the world. I would suggest if they are already not doing so the Alberta government in its diversification goals might want to seriously study the potential of salmon feedlot-type farming in Alberta. Providing the right type of incentives might allow Alberta to steal-away a billion-dollar industry from those self-righteous folks in BC. How satisfying that would be. More devious Federal fish policy next time. Will Verboven is an ag opinion writer and ag policy consultant.

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Trudeau to destroy another resource industry in the west but to the chagrin of the Feds Alberta could benefit - Brooks Bulletin

Bringing Consensus Politics Back to Environmental Issues – State of the Planet

The surest sign that environmental protection has moved into the political mainstream around here is Andrew Cuomos now constant articulation of environmental initiatives in New York State. New Yorks Governor has been a politico since he was a teenager working in his fathers political campaigns. Political calculation is hardwired into his approach to governance. In his recent State of the State Address, he announced a $3 billion-dollar environmental bond act that is designed in large measure to help New York adapt to climate change. In addition, Cuomo is investing substantial state resources in a multi-decade effort to modernize and decarbonize the states energy system.

Meanwhile, in our nations capital, our amateur politician President Donald Trump is continuing to claim that human-induced climate change is a hoax and is busy reducing the rigor of any environmental regulation that lobbyists can put in front of him. His goal is to promote the use of fossil fuels. He attacks wind energy, energy conservation and water conservation policy while promoting pipelines, coal mines and the fossil fuels he sees as central to a muscular American economy. He is convinced that environmental regulation prevents businesses from creating jobs. His view of this is stuck in a time warp dating to about 1980 that does not recognize the vigor and market strength of the growing green economy. He also seems willing to ignore the broad American consensus supporting environmental sustainability.

The politics that underlie all of this are obvious. As always, Trumps main political concern is his base. According to a March 2019 Gallup poll, six in ten Americans want to see America reduce its use of fossil fuels, but 58% of all Republicans oppose reductions in fossil fuel use. Significantly, there is an American consensus behind developing renewable energy: 80% of the country favors more development of solar energy and 70% would like to see more wind energy. The presidents recent rant against windmills might reduce support for wind energy by his hard-core supporters, but the country as a whole supports renewable energy.

One target of the Trump Administrations attack on environmental regulation has been the time and cost of analyzing and mitigating the environmental impact of products and projects. The attack on the amount of time major projects are delayed by environmental impact analyses has some basis in reality, although data indicates that most major infrastructure projects are delayed by inadequate financing rather than regulatory roadblocks. If the money is in place to build something it tends to get built. The exception is projects like pipelines that take on symbolic meaning and are opposed for their overall impact on environmental quality. Anti-development efforts are often based on Not in My Backyard (NIMBY) issues raised by those in or near the path of development. These are sometimes based on environmental issues but are just as often based on a conservative impulse to protect what we have and leave things unchanged.

What is missing from all of this is an understanding of the long-term impact of an environmentally damaging product or project and the long-term cost of addressing those impacts. All the poisons we have released into the environment must eventually be contained or cleaned up, and those that we miss often result in health care costs from cancers and diseases caused by toxic substances. The U.S. has spent close to a trillion dollars on toxic waste clean-up since we enacted Superfund in 1980. The military spent hundreds of billions of dollars cleaning up their mess, and the private sector has spent a small fortune making sure that the worst mistakes of toxic mismanagement were remedied. We learned that burying toxic chemicals underground in metal containers didnt work because of a simple phenomenon called rust. And once these chemicals leach into the soil, they eventually reach aquifers and can poison our water and food supply.

Some projects that are delayed or stopped due to anti-development or pro-environment impulses cause short-term pain but long-term gain. A wonderful example was the effort to replace the West Side Highway in New York City with an interstate highway. Had that happened there never would have been a Hudson River Park and the Highline and development of the far west side of Manhattan would have never taken place. Visual and recreational access to the river turned out to produce more economic growth than another superhighway would have generated.

Environmental politics has slipped into the polarized symbolism we see in most of Americas national politics. However, since environmental pollution is directly experienced in our communities, the most important political discussions and decisions tend to take place at the local level. It is easier to build consensus when we are focusing on real impacts rather than symbols. It is also easier to resist the paid lobbyists who make their living off of polarized division since in most cases our local concerns arent important enough to attract their attention. No one wants their children to breathe polluted air, drink water with lead in it, or play in chemically contaminated playgrounds. No one.

The effort to delegitimize science may make it hard for the public to understand the potential impact of particular projects or products. Propaganda messages sometimes dominate the communication of scientific facts. I am afraid we are in for a difficult period where the impacts will only be believed once they arrive. We are now seeing that with climate change. The need to adapt to new conditions is apparent and widely supported. The effort to mitigate climate change is more controversial but gaining support as the impacts become more obvious.

That is the fundamental feature of environmental politics. The battles in Washington may sometimes be over symbols, but conditions on the ground, in our communities are real. The waters are rising, the lead pipes in need of replacement, the air is orange. There is an objective reality that is only denied by the delusional. If we lose the ability to define, describe and communicate that reality we will not be able to manage the new technologies human brainpower can and will invent.

There are honest disagreements over what causes damage and what doesnt. The chemicals and technology of food production are poorly understood, and the food industry has done its best to avoid the kind of transparency and information exchange that would facilitate effective and efficient regulation. Businesses are terrified of engaging in an honest conversation about the costs and benefits of their production processes out of a reasonable fear that such conversations are not possible in todays polarized political culture.

But if we are to move toward an environmentally sustainable economy, we need to be able to discuss the impacts of human activity on the planet with calm, realism and humility. Everything humans do creates an impact and our goal cannot be to eliminate impacts but reduce them. It is in our interest as a species to permit economic development so that all humans can benefit from the wonders and bounty of the modern world. My view is that political stability and public safety requires continued economic development. But it is also important that the high throughput economy many of us benefit from moves toward becoming a circular and renewable resource-based economy. To do this we need to study, understand and measure our environmental impacts. We then need to discuss them and reduce negative impacts through rules and better management.

Environmental protection must move out of the arena of symbolic politics. Our national politics is completely focused on symbols, manipulation of image, defining reality and achieving power. But we are living, organic creatures. Our health is an objective reality and while symbols impact our mind and indirectly our body, one cant wish illness away. Just as in health care, we can and will disagree about the methods used to protect our planet or our body. But the need for such protection is beyond dispute.

In the blue-red political world weve created we need to remember the values we share and our interdependency. As individuals and families, we can do a great deal to create the world we want to make for ourselves. But we also require the collective resources that can only be achieved by a community. We depend on each other for clean air, clean water, healthy food and protection from floods and fire. Governor Andrew Cuomos $3 billion-dollar bond proposal will provide some of the resources New Yorks governments need to build resilient communities. Perhaps some day soon our national government will do the same.

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Bringing Consensus Politics Back to Environmental Issues - State of the Planet

PNGs economy rebounds in 2019, a year in review – POST-COURIER

A rebound in the mining and resource industries helped drive stronger economic growth in Papua New Guinea in 2019, a year which saw Peter ONeills eight-year tenure as prime minister end.

Mr ONeill resigned in late May following a series of policy disputes and defections within the government.

He was replaced on May 30 by James Marape, the former minister of finance.

In a break with his predecessor, Mr Marape has struck a somewhat nationalistic tone since taking office, setting out an agenda to find a more even balance between the interests of investors and Papua New Guineans amid a perception that the country has not adequately benefitted from foreign-funded, resource-based projects in the past.

Elsewhere, the new administration has sought to diversify the economy by prioritising growth in non-resource sectors, small and medium-sized businesses, and the informal economy.

A key pillar of this strategy involves agriculture, with Mr Marape telling OBG in a recent interview that he aims to turn the country into the food bowl for Asia by expanding production and export capabilities.

To this end, the government announced it would invest K200 million ($58.7m) annually in the sector through to 2030, while in late August the EU inaugurated a K340 million ($99.8m) pilot program designed to benefit smallholder farms in East Sepik Province.

Another sign of the new economic approach was revealed in late November with the release of the 2020 budget, the countrys largest ever.

The budget outlined expenditure of K18.7 billion ($5.5bn), 13.3 per cent more than in the 2019 supplementary budget.

Much of the spending will be directed towards capital investment, with a particular focus on electricity, internet and road infrastructure improvements seen as key to unlocking non-resource growth.

While revenue is also expected to reach record levels, the budget foresees a deficit of K4.6 billion ($1.4bn) in 2020, or roughly 5 per cent of GDP.

Resources drive return to growthWhile the economy struggled in 2018, it is projected to grow by 5 per cent in 2019, according to both Treasury estimates and the IMF, the highest rate since 2015.

The sharp increase comes on the back of a 1.1 per cent contraction in GDP in 2018, with expansion heavily affected by the 7.5-magnitude earthquake that hit the country on February 26 of that year.

In addition to leading to the death of more than 200 people, the earthquake destroyed much of PNGs industrial infrastructure, subsequently halting production of some of the countrys major resource-based projects.

Growth in 2019 was largely driven by a recovery in mining and oil and gas operations as damaged infrastructure was repaired and production at major projects resumed.

Non-resource industries have also recorded improvements.

Non-mining growth is projected to increase by 2.9 per cent over the course of the year, according to Treasury figures, driven by 2.5 per cent growth in agriculture and fisheries.

Project uncertaintyDespite efforts to diversify the economy, much of the countrys longer-term prosperity is still tied to resources.

While these sectors recovered in 2019, they have also been subject to uncertainty.

In a development that is expected to double PNGs liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports by 2024, the government signed an agreement with Total, ExxonMobil and Australian Securities Exchange-listed Oil Search relating to the development of the $13 billion Papua LNG project in April.

However, shortly after taking power, Mr Marape called for a review of the terms of the deal.

Despite announcing in September that it would honour the agreement, the governments approach has led to some concern within the industry.

The Marape administration has also been locked in negotiations with ExxonMobil over the Pnyang gas project.

With the government seeking more favourable terms than previous resources deals, there are fears that a stalemate over Pnyang could delay overall resource development in the country.

Elsewhere, the government has moved to revise the 1992 Mining Act.

Officials are expected to introduce the bill to Parliament in early 2020; anticipated proposals include reforms of the maximum term of mining leases, renewal periods for licences and labour laws.

Bougainville votes for independenceAnother significant political event for 2019 occurred in December, when the people of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, a collection of islands in the Solomon Sea, voted overwhelmingly to break away from PNG in an independence referendum.

Almost 98 per cent of the 180,000-strong voting population voted in favour of independence, rejecting proposals of greater autonomy to remain part of PNG.

Although a blow to PNG, the decision is non-binding, with the final decision to be ratified by Parliament.

A series of lengthy negotiations are expected to determine the terms of the regions departure from PNG, with some analysts predicting that independence may not be realised for a decade.

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PNGs economy rebounds in 2019, a year in review - POST-COURIER

B.C. cheers high tech in its rural communities – but financial support is missing – The Globe and Mail

The commitment to the high-tech initiative is in the mandate letter given to Bruce Ralston, seen here in Legislature on Feb. 19, 2013, when he was named minister of jobs, trade and technology in 2017.

CHAD HIPOLITO/The Globe and Mail

For more than a century, the community of Trail in B.C.s Kootenays has been a mining town. More recently, it has landed the MIDAS Fab Lab, a business incubator for startup companies that is helping diversify the regions economy through research and development of digital fabrication industries.

Since opening a little more than three years ago, the lab has provided skills training for more than 100 workers, supported the development of more than 90 prototypes, created or expanded a dozen businesses and helped generate $3-million in sales.

Its precisely the kind of high-tech initiative the B.C. government says the province needs.

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The commitment is in the mandate letter given to Bruce Ralston when he was named minister of jobs, trade and technology in 2017: Establish B.C. as a preferred location for new and emerging technologies by supporting venture capital investment in B.C. startups ... [and] ensure that the benefits of technology and innovation are felt around the province.

But, ahead of the Feb. 18 provincial budget that Finance Minister Carole James is determined to balance, government has been trimming its contributions to help expand the tech industry especially in rural communities. Funding for Innovate BC is drying up, while the Rural Dividend Fund has been suspended.

In the Kootenays, those dollars helped develop the MIDAS lab and the soon-to-open Nelson Innovation Centre. Those are just some of the tech projects designed to help B.C.'s rural communities typically built on boom-and-bust natural-resource industries become more economically resilient.

The high-tech industry in the Kootenays is generating half a billion dollars a year in economic activity, said Cam Whitehead, executive director of the Kootenay Association for Science & Technology. These are higher paying jobs, and theyre driving wealth to smaller communities."

But the barriers to success are higher than in urban areas.

These are small businesses in rural communities, he said in an interview. They dont have the opportunity to connect with all of the resources, which are centred in the Lower Mainland and larger urban centres. This is a huge opportunity to drive a transition from the traditional natural resource-based economy to one which is fully in line with transitioning to a clean economy in the digital age.

The B.C. Rural Dividend program was established under the former Liberal government to help small communities strengthen and diversify their local economies. The NDP government suspended it, describing it as a slush fund.

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Mr. Whitehead doesnt care what the program is called, he is just hoping the province will find some funding to help carry on with the good work it was producing.

It wasnt perfect, but its delivered so much, to so many. The eligibility was broad and that was great. It was flexible for technology and innovation projects in our area.

Mr. Ralston was not available for comment, but a spokesman for the ministry said the money has been rerouted to helping forestry communities that are facing a dramatic downsizing.

With regard to the Rural Dividend Fund, Forest, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development staff have retained those applications and are assisting in redirecting them to other sources wherever possible," Lori Cascaden said in a statement.

Jill Tipping, president and CEO of the BC Tech Association, raised the alarm about B.C.'s low investments in high tech last year, which threatened to force a Vancouver-based business incubator to close its doors. After The Globe and Mail reported on the potential loss, the federal government stepped in with crucial dollars to avert the closure.

She said the province has since offered encouragement, but little in the way of financial support.

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The tech sector is thriving, but could be doing even better both in urban settings and in rural settings," she said in an interview.

While B.C. is pinching pennies in high-tech support, Alberta and Ontario are spending far more to attract tech growth. Ms. Tipping said it should not be difficult sell: For every dollar invested in B.C. technology industries, governments collect more than $10 in tax revenue.

Government has a role to promote growth and stability and to provide the necessary infrastructure. And so, when people say to me, We cant afford it, my response is, you cant afford not to, she said. Yes, we need balanced budgets and we need to manage spending, but we also need to be preparing for the future.

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B.C. cheers high tech in its rural communities - but financial support is missing - The Globe and Mail

Hello, Hanover – The Post – Ontario

Winters in Hanover are a breeze.That was my first impression about this area, when my fiance and I moved here for work-related reasons, a little over a year ago.Sure, the snow is still wet and chilly here, the cool air still forces one to bundle up in extra clothing and warmth, but a winter here is not a Sudbury winter. Thats an entirely different and frosty animal. Northern cold.Theres only two seasons in Sudbury winter and construction season. Thats a common joke made around the city, anyway. However, itd be more accurate to say there are about eight months of winter and four months of construction, after the citys roads get wrecked by the long winter season.See, Sudbury, or Nickel City, or the Bury, as many locals refer to it as, is a northern city known for its rich history in mining, however, the city has expanded from its resource-based economy, and has emerged as a major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario.Sudbury is also home to one of Canadas best-known landmarks the Big Nickel, its numerous lakes (theres more than 60), Science North, its re-greening project and its city-wide adoration for the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League, just to name a few. Oh, and its also my hometown.After roughly 10 years of writing as a freelance journalist for the Sudbury Star newspaper, and with a public relations and journalism degree from Cambrian College tucked into my back pocket, Im here, in Hanover, as a full-time multimedia journalist for The Post.Back in Sudbury, I covered everything from sports, to hard-hitting news, like politics, court, city council, etc. Thatll be the same here.Covering sports is what initially interested me in a career in journalism, as I was raised in a sports-oriented family. Both of my brothers played hockey growing up, and I was no different. Heck, even my father coached hockey for a bit, too. Every Saturday, like many Canadians, mom, dad and the three boys were glued to the television for Hockey Night in Canada.Hockey, though, was always more of a pastime for us, and as weve aged, weve all branched out into different careers. One brother is a chef in our nations capital, while the other is a mechanic in Sudbury.At 18 years old, I became the sports editor for the Cambrian Shield, a now defunct and student-ran online-only newspaper for Cambrian College. During the two-year span of journalism school is when I began freelancing for the Sudbury Star, after the then sports editor, Bruce Heidman, convinced me to start writing for the local paper.Fast-forward all those years later to now and, well, here I am a more well-rounded journalist, with some additional experience in this field to my name, to go along with a laid-back, free-spirit personality.Since our arrival in Hanover, Ive come to appreciate the close-knit, family-feel of a small town and the trust among neighbours.It helps, too, selfishly-speaking, that weve added to our small family since our arrival, with the addition of two kittens, and that can only be regarded as a positive.This opportunity as a full-fledged journalist is many years in the making, and I couldnt be more excited to get started.Journalism isnt about me. Its about you and the community. So, to that, I say, lets get started and share your stories together.Hello, Hanover.kdempse@postmedia.comTwitter: @keith_dempsey

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Hello, Hanover - The Post - Ontario

Ghana And World Bank Sign $570 Million Agreement | Banking/Finance – Peace FM Online

Ghana and the World Bank on Friday signed four agreements, totalling nearly $570 million aimed to transform the economy, boost education, improve sanitation and fight flooding in Accra as well as reduce forest losses.

Out of the total commitment for the four projects, $557 million is in loans and just over $12 million in grants.

The Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development project is a $200 million, multi-sector and transformative urban project which aims to support Greater Accra to become a cleaner, safer and more resilient city.

It focuses on reducing flood risk along the Odaw urban river basin and three selected low-income communities: Nima, Alogboshie and Akweteman.

Ghana Accountability for Learning Outcomes Project is $150 million for 6 years, which has the development objective to improve the quality of education in low performing basic education schools and strengthen education sector equity and accountability in Ghana.

The objective of the $200m Ghana Economic Transformation Project is to promote private investments and firm growth in non-resource-based sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The project will work towards improving the business environment to facilitate firm growth and investments.

The final project is the Additional Financing for the Ghana Forest Investment Programme, which is a $12.4 million grant and $7 million loan project. It seeks to reduce forest loss and degradation in selected landscapes in Ghanas High Forest Zone, where deforestation is at the highest.

Finance Minister Mr Ken Ofori-Atta and Mr Pierre Laporte, the World Bank Country signed the deal on behalf of Ghana and the World Bank respectively.

In his address Mr Ofori-Atta commended the World Bank for its support, saying the projects would help to advance governments quest for inclusiveness and transformation.

He said since the government came into office some three years ago, the goal has been to accelerate the pace of development and ensuring that no one was left behind.

However, this could not be done without focus on wealth creation, which is key to ensuring sustainability.

He said government has proven to Ghanaians its desire of inclusiveness through flagship programmes such as the one district one factory and the free SHS programme.

Mr Ofori-Atta urged development partners not to slow down the process because of an election year because the government was desirous to move forward development.

On his part, Mr Laporte said the event affirmed the banks commitment to the government and Ghanaians through the signing of the legal Agreements of the four important and potentially transformative projects.

We have a longstanding and strong partnership with the Government and the people of Ghana. The World Bank is committed to strengthening our partnership even further going forward, he said.

We will work with you hand in hand to ensure that these projects, as well as others already ongoing, are implemented timely and effectively. This will, in turn, result in efficient use of resources, achieve the projects objectives, and most importantly positively impact the lives of the people, communities and institutions, he added.

He said project delays were costly, and encouraged the teams to identify implementation challenges and work collaboratively with other government organizations as well as with the Bank teams to resolve them.

One important aspect of the implementation process is feedback from beneficiaries. Implementing entities thus need to ensure there are functional grievance redress mechanisms and strong citizens engagement for all projects as they contribute to effective, efficient and sustainable delivery and outcomes, Mr Laporte.

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Ghana And World Bank Sign $570 Million Agreement | Banking/Finance - Peace FM Online

Carbon pricing: Research on carbon taxes and cap-and-trade – Journalist’s Resource

In the lead-up to the 2020 elections, theJournalists Resource team is combing through the Democratic presidential candidates platforms and reporting what the research says about their policy proposals. We want to encourage deep coverage of these proposals and do our part to help deterhorse race journalism, which research suggests can lead to inaccurate reporting and an uninformed electorate. Were focusing on proposals that have a reasonable chance of becoming policy. For us, that means at least 3 of the 5 top-polling candidates say they intend to tackle the issue. Heres what the research says about carbon pricing.

Joe Biden, Michael Bloomberg, Pete Buttigieg, John Delaney, Amy Klobuchar, Tom Steyer, Andrew Yang

Carbon pricing schemes put a financial price on carbon emission. They are widely portrayed in the economic literature as an effective way to reduce carbon emissions from high-carbon emitting industries, such as certain types of energy production. Academics and politicians often frame carbon pricing not as a cure-all, but rather as one part of a broader strategy to slow or reverse rising global temperatures.

Rising temperatures caused by climate change could cost the U.S. economy many billions of dollars. A 2017 paper in Science projects that for every 1.8 degree Fahrenheit average temperature increase in the U.S., gross domestic product will fall by 1.2% yearly equal to roughly $233 billion at todays GDP.

Poorer areas of the country could be hit hardest, according to the paper. By the end of this century, under business-as-usual emissions, the poorest third of U.S. counties are likely to lose between 2% and 20% of current income that residents earn, the authors write. The richest third of counties could lose up to 6.8% of income, according to the authors estimates or gain 1.2%.

The Science paper offers one estimate of the effect of climate change on U.S. economic output, or productivity, as measured by GDP. Another paper by two Environmental Protection Agency staffers, published April 2019 in Nature Climate Change, looks at costs related to infrastructure, health, agriculture and other sectors across two scenarios.

The first scenario where the average global temperature is trending toward 5 degrees Fahrenheit higher in 2100 compared with pre-Industrial Revolution levels would come with about $170 billion in annual costs by 2050 across the 22 sectors the authors analyzed.

The second scenario heading toward an average global temperature in 2100 thats 8 degrees Fahrenheit higher than pre-industrial levels would come with about $206 billion in annual costs across those sectors by 2050. The estimates dont include potential cost savings from adaptation measures, such as creating dunes to protect beaches or building levees to divert floodwater, which can reduce infrastructure damages.

Aside from estimating the costs of rising global temperatures, economists have also come up with two big market-based ideas to address climate change and put a price on carbon emissions: Carbon taxes and cap-and-trade.

Carbon taxes put an initial financial burden on entities that emit carbon as part of their regular business. Think a coal-fired electricity plant. Under carbon tax schemes, governments set the price of pollution while markets determine the amount of pollution companies can pollute and pay the tax or reduce emissions to avoid it.

There are carbon taxes in other countries but not in the U.S. Some academics have argued that there is already a kind of carbon tax borne by people, not companies in the sense that some parts of the U.S. experience substantial economic losses from climate change, like from more severe storms that cause billions of dollars in property damage.

In practice, businesses could pass along the cost of a carbon tax to consumers. If a refinery that produces heating oil pays a tax for emitting carbon, customers might end up paying higher prices for home heating oil.

To some economists, this is not a bug but a feature: higher prices would lower demand for carbon-intensive fuels. In some countries, revenues from carbon pricing programs are disbursed to households to help pay higher fuel prices, according to an October 2019 paper in Climate Change and Renewable Energy.

Cap-and-trade puts a cap on overall carbon emissions levels. Unlike carbon taxes, where governments set the price and markets determine the amount of pollution, under cap-and-trade governments set an amount of allowable pollution while markets set the price.

The emissions cap is divided into credits and governments then sell those credits to companies that pollute. Companies that pollute under the cap can sell their credits to entities that pollute more. Part of the appeal is that as the cap lowers over time, so does the number of credits, incentivizing companies to pollute less.

A national carbon tax is a popular idea among some economists and policymakers in the U.S. More than 3,500 economists from across the political spectrum, including 27 Nobel laureates, support a carbon tax plan that would give dividends directly to Americans. But so far, jurisdictions in the U.S. have gone with cap-and-trade strategies over carbon taxes.

Michael Bennet, Deval Patrick and Elizabeth Warren have indicated to The Washington Post they might pursue carbon pricing as president, but none have released firm policy statements in support of carbon pricing schemes. Bernie Sanders and Tulsi Gabbard would not pursue carbon pricing as president, according to the Post.

In June 1990, Colorado State University economist Jo Burges Barbier wrote in a paper in Energy Policy that further policy instruments and considerations beyond carbon pricing alone were needed to curtail carbon emissions from the energy sector.

The EPAs Acid Rain Program in 1995 became the first national cap-and-trade effort. It seeks to reduce airborne sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides coming from power plants.

Acid rain happens when those pollutants get into the atmosphere, then fall to the ground through precipitation like rain or snow, contaminating waterways and crops. Since the programs introduction, acid deposits have decreased 30% across the Midwest and Northeast and the program prevents an estimated 20,000 to 50,000 premature deaths each year, according to the EPA.

Another national cap-and-trade program was the NOx Budget Trading Program, which operated during the 2000s and sought to reduce nitrogen oxides from power plants during the summer.

But a national cap-and-trade program failed in 2010, in part because opponents rebranded it cap-and-tax, making the idea politically unpalatable. No national cap-and-trade program has come close to passing Congress since.

Though now defunct, the NOx Budget Trading Program prevented nearly 2,000 summertime deaths each year in participating states, most of them along the east coast, according to a 2017 analysis in the American Economic Review.

Harvard University economist Robert Stavins assesses the state of carbon pricing in a May 2019 National Bureau of Economic Research working paper. He writes that economists have reached consensus that pricing systems such as carbon taxes and cap-and-trade will be key to reducing carbon dioxide emissions:

There is widespread agreement among economists and a diverse set of other policy analysts that at least in the long run, an economy-wide carbon pricing system will be an essential element of any national policy that can achieve meaningful reductions of [carbon dioxide] emissions cost-effectively in the United States.

States have taken up the cap-and-trade baton in the last decade or so. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative covers nine New England and Mid-Atlantic states and set its first carbon cap for the power sector in 2009. Since then, greenhouse gases have fallen 40% in those states, and theyre aiming for another 30% reduction by 2030. The initiative has raised $2.7 billion, which has been invested into wind and solar power generation, and to help low-income people pay their energy bills.

Power plants across those nine states generate about 112,000 megawatts less each month than plants in other states, and they emit 286 fewer tons of sulfur dioxide and 131 fewer tons of nitrogen oxides per month, according to a May 2019 paper in Energy Economics. However, that analysis finds the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative had a causal effect only on reductions of sulfur dioxide emissions, not nitrogen oxides.

Californias cap-and-trade program began in 2006 and the legislature extended it in 2017. It has an emissions cap affecting 80% of greenhouse gases coming from about 450 of the states biggest polluters.

That program has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of an economy-wide approach, compared with sectoral systems, write economists Richard Schmalensee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stavins of Harvard in the Oxford Review of Economic Policy.

California reports it is on track to beat its initial target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and is aiming for emissions levels 40% under 1990 levels by 2030.

But the California cap-and-trade program may be distributing benefits, like cleaner air, unequally. Companies that emit greenhouse gases there tend to be located in areas where more people live in poverty, but the program hasnt led to environmental benefits in those neighborhoods, according to a July 2018 analysis in PLOS Medicine.

In fact, greenhouse gas emissions in neighborhoods near polluters actually increased from 2013 to 2015, compared with 2011 to 2012, the authors find. They peg overall greenhouse gas reductions to the state importing less electricity from coal-fired plants.

Emissions reductions also vary widely by industry, the authors find. Seventy percent of certain power plants reduced emissions over the period studied, while 75% of cement plants increased emissions. A glut of credits on the market may keep lower-income California communities from enjoying the environmental benefits of cap-and-trade.

Some experts also caution that California is markedly dissimilar from most states. California has a strong, mostly popular, single-party majority in its legislature, so its an easier lift politically to experiment with market-based emissions reduction strategies.

Utilities in the state are also largely on board with addressing climate change, even through regulation. The state doesnt rely much on coal to produce energy, while many other states do.

Because California is a unique case in several respects, it is unlikely that other states in the U.S. will be able to adopt similar systems, Guri Bang, research director at the Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, and her co-authors write in a 2017 article in Global Environmental Politics.

Finally, on the global scale, there is the free-rider problem.

Right now theres no prospect of an enforceable, international cap-and-trade system that could put a meaningful dent in global carbon emissions. There are too many hurdles to mention, but one of them is that countries would probably want higher emissions ceilings for themselves, but lower emissions ceilings for the rest of the world, as the late Harvard economist Martin Weitzman explained in a June 2019 article in Environmental and Resource Economics.

In other words, countries want to reap the environmental benefits of carbon reduction without paying the price they want a free ride.

Still, people in countries with carbon pricing programs can reap monetary benefits.

A 2016 paper in Energy Policy analyzed real-world carbon tax and cap-and-trade programs and found that policymakers earmark 70% of revenues from cap-and-trade to climate-friendly efforts, while 72% of revenues from carbon tax systems there are several in Europe are refunded to people or put into government general funds.

Policy perspective: Building political support for carbon pricing Lessons from cap-and-trade policies

Leigh Raymond. Energy Policy, November 2019.

The gist: This review of long running cap-and-trade programs suggests that a new idea in carbon pricing the idea of a carbon dividend in the form of an equal per capita payment to all citizens is consistent with the successful public benefits strategy discussed here.

Perceived fairness and public acceptability of carbon pricing: A review of the literature

Sara Maestre-Andrs, Stefan Drews, Jeroen van den Bergh. Climate Policy, July 2019.

The gist: Somewhat surprisingly, most studies do not indicate clear public preferences for using revenues to ensure fairer policy outcomes, notably by reducing its regressive effects. Instead, many people prefer using revenues for environmental projects of various kinds.

Carbon pricing and energy efficiency: Pathways to deep decarbonization of the US electric sector

Marilyn A. Brown, Yufei Li. Energy Efficiency, February 2019

The gist: Our modeling results suggest that carbon taxes coupled with strong energy-efficiency policies would produce synergistic effects that could meet deep decarbonization goals.

Marilyn Brown, professor of sustainable systems, Georgia Institute of Technology.

Jo Burgess Barbier, assistant professor of economics, Colorado State University.

Noah Kaufman, research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University.

Gilbert Metcalf, professor of economics, Tufts University.

Leigh S. Raymond, professor of political science, Purdue University.

Robert Stavins, professor of energy and economic development, Harvard University.

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Carbon pricing: Research on carbon taxes and cap-and-trade - Journalist's Resource

Focus on demand creation reforms in budget: PHDCCI to govt – ETAuto.com

MSME exporters must be fully exempted from tax on their export earnings as this will enhance the exporters' motivation and strengthen their competitiveness in the global markets. New Delhi: PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry has urged the government that demand rejuvenating reforms should be the major focus area of the forthcoming Union Budget 2020-21.

Demand creation reforms will push the broad based recovery of the economy and create an environment of enthusiasm to become a US $5 trillion economy, going forward, D K Aggarwal, president, PHDCCI said in a press statement covering the broad pre-budget expectation of the industry chamber.

At this juncture, rationalisation of direct taxes and an income tax exemption upto the level of income of Rs 5 lakhs will be a great breakthrough to enhance the personal disposable income of the individuals and to increase the consumption demand in the economy, said Aggarwal.

With no personal income tax applicable upto the income of Rs 5 lakhs for the individuals, income tax slabs should be rationalised to 10 per cent for people earning upto Rs 10 lakhs per year, 20 per cent for those with incomes of over Rs 10 lakhs and upto Rs 20 lakhs, 30 per cent for income over Rs 20 lakhs and upto Rs 2 crore and 35 per cent for individuals earning more than Rs 2 crore, he said.

Access to finance is a major roadblock being faced by the industries particularly by the MSMEs impacting their competitiveness and growth. To address the liquidity crunch in MSMEs, there is a need to set up a dedicated fund of Rs 25,000 crore or more with no collateral being asked for the MSMEs, PHDCCI has said.

Long term Capital Gains Tax on shares is suggested at 10 per cent for the holding period after one year, 5 per cent after two years and zero per cent after three years as when STT was levied it was in lieu of exempting long term capital gains tax.

Around 95 per cent of MSMEs are in Proprietorship/Partnerships business. They are not getting any relief from the recent cut in corporate tax rates. So at this juncture we suggest a uniform tax rate of 25 per cent to such businesses, going forward, Aggarwal said.

To kick-start the exports growth trajectory, the PHDCCI president suggested increase in export earnings by the exporters on the base of the previous year (year-on-year earnings) should be tax free.

MSME exporters must be fully exempted from tax on their export earnings as this will enhance the exporters' motivation and strengthen their competitiveness in the global markets.

For doubling farmers' income, a properly designed market support scheme for agricultural produce and dismantling of barriers to markets for farmers must be pursued, the chamber has suggested.

APMC should be dismantled and e-NAM should become the vehicle for farmers' produce across the states.

Aggarwal also urged for increase in public healthcare spending to at least 3 per cent of GDP with increase in annual budget each year for delivery of better health services to the people.

Health centres should be made available within the radius of one kilometer and hospitals within the radius of 10 km, said Aggarwal.

There is a need to initiate work on inclusive and approachable education with a spending of at least 4.5 per cent of GDP on education, he added.

A robust analysis of current skill gaps to promote effective skill development should be undertaken to create more and more employment opportunities for the growing workforce in the country.

Skill Mapping must be done to scientifically plan human resource needs in the different sectors of the economy.

--IANS

sn/rt

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Focus on demand creation reforms in budget: PHDCCI to govt - ETAuto.com

Union Budget 2020 | PHDCCI urges govt to focus on demand creation reforms in budget – Jagran English

Publish Date: Sun, 19 Jan 2020 12:00 PM IST

New Delhi | Jagran Business Desk: Ahead of the Budget 2020, the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry has asked the government to focus on demand creation reforms forthcoming Union Budget 2020-21.

PHDCCI President DK Aggarwal in a statement said that the demand creation reforms will push the broad based recovery of the economy and create an environment of enthusiasm to become a USD 5 trillion economy, going forward.

At this juncture, rationalisation of direct taxes and an income tax exemption upto the level of income of Rs 5 lakhs will be a great breakthrough to enhance the personal disposable income of the individuals and to increase the consumption demand in the economy, Aggarwal, quoted by news agency IANS, said.

With no personal income tax applicable upto the income of Rs 5 lakhs for the individuals, income tax slabs should be rationalised to 10 per cent for people earning upto Rs 10 lakhs per year, 20 per cent for those with incomes of over Rs 10 lakhs and upto Rs 20 lakhs, 30 per cent for income over Rs 20 lakhs and upto Rs 2 crore and 35 per cent for individuals earning more than Rs 2 crore, he added.

Aggarwal further said that the increased expenditure of the government to enhance consumption demand along with implementation of Rs 102 lakh crore National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) has the potential to push economic growth trajectory to more than 8 per cent in the next three years.

Talking about liquidity crunch in MSMEs. Aggarwal said that the government need to set up a dedicated fund of Rs 25,000 crore or more with no collateral being asked for the MSMEs.

Around 95 per cent of MSMEs are in Proprietorship/Partnerships business. They are not getting any relief from the recent cut in corporate tax rates. So at this juncture we suggest a uniform tax rate of 25 per cent to such businesses, going forward, he said.

Aggarwal also spoke about the exports growth trajectory and suggested that increase in export earnings by the exporters on the base of the previous year (year-on-year earnings) should be tax free.

The PHDCCI President also urged the government to increase the spending in the public healthcare sector to at least 3 per cent of GDP with increase in annual budget each year for delivery of better health services to the people.

Health centres should be made available within the radius of one kilometer and hospitals within the radius of 10 km, said Aggarwal.

There is a need to initiate work on inclusive and approachable education with a spending of at least 4.5 per cent of GDP on education, he added.

A robust analysis of current skill gaps to promote effective skill development should be undertaken to create more and more employment opportunities for the growing workforce in the country.

Skill Mapping must be done to scientifically plan human resource needs in the different sectors of the economy.

(With IANS inputs)

Posted By: Aalok Sensharma

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Union Budget 2020 | PHDCCI urges govt to focus on demand creation reforms in budget - Jagran English

Shadowfax Ties Up With ASSOCHAM To Upskill And Employ Youth Under The Skill India Mission – IndianWeb2.com

Ritika Singh, Maninder Singh, Ajay Sharma, Praharsh Chandra, Saurabh Sharma, Kumaresan.B

Shadowfax, Indias only crowdsourced, cross-category, full-stack logistics platform, has joined hands with the Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India, ASSOCHAM, in a first-of-its-kind and an exclusive partnership to promote micro entrepreneurship in gig economy under the aegis of Government of Indias Skill India Mission initiative.

With the gig economy gaining traction, logistics and delivery are the sunshine sectors providing immense employment and entrepreneurial opportunities. Under this partnership, ASSOCHAM, which is an independent body, will work closely with the government to create awareness about the benefits of working in this attractive sector and the right candidates shall be trained as per government standards to make them employment ready for the delivery & hospitality sector.

Once trained, these fully skilled human resources will be provided business and entrepreneurship opportunities in delivery sector through the crowdsourced Shadowfax logistics platform. This first-of-its-kind socio-economic association is expected to create an additional resource pool of 1.6 lakh trained delivery personnel in the course of next two years across India including metros, tier 2, tier 3 cities and even rural areas.

Sharing the details of the partnership, Saurabh Sharma, V.P. Growth & Expansion, Shadowfax said, We are privileged to partnerwith ASSOCHAM in this socio-economic initiative under the Skill India mission. The Shadowfax delivery partners are all microentrepreneurs who, if they choose to, rewrite their destiny a little better every day. This partnership which seeks to upskill more than 150000 youth to make them employable, is in line with our corporate social mission to create a million microentrepreneurs by 2023. It is also in sync with our business goal to increase our footprints to a 600+ Indian cities and towns as the project will provide us a ready pool of trained delivery partners from across India including metros, tier 2-3 cities and towns and even rural areas including parts of J&K and North-East India. We expect this Shadowfax-ASSOCHAM partnership to set an exemplary instance of the best kind of socio-corporate tie-up.

Speaking on the occasion, Maninder Singh Nayyar, Co-Chairman, Skill & Entrepreneurship ASSOCHAM, said, ASSOCHAM has found a worthy partner in Shadowfax, a company which believes in not only providing gainful employment but also in sowing the seeds of entrepreneurship in its workforce. Upskilling alone does not help our youth, they need enough business opportunities to prove their mettle. Our partnership with Shadowfax will provide our trained youth right and ample opportunities to make their mark. The project alone is expected to add approximately 20% more delivery personnel to the existing pool with reputed organizations like Bal Bharti Academy also supporting this initiative at pan India level.

Ajay Sharma, Assistant Secretary General, ASSOCHAM, added, GOI has allocated handsome amount for skill development under various programs. ASSOCHAM will identify and train each selected youth as per standards set out by the government under the aegis of this initiative. The project is expected to add approximately 2 lakh delivery personnel to the current 10 lakh+ community.

About Shadowfax

Shadowfax Indias largest crowdsourced logistics platform, was established in 2015 withthe vision of enabling commerce by empowering lives for everyone, everywhere. The Shadowfax technology platform optimizes for best-in-class partner efficiency and uniteconomics. Its AI based location processing engine, using location data from orderprocessing, enables highest service levels among its competitors. Driven by a massiveword-of-mouth growth in the India market, Shadowfax has the lowest partner acquisition cost in its segment. Shadowfax APIs are available for small as well as enterprise businesses throughout India for seamless and trustworthy logistics service.

About ASSOCHAM

ASSOCHAM initiated its endeavour of value creation for Indian industry in 1920. Having in its fold over 400 Chambers and Trade Associations and serving over 4.5 lakh members across India. ASSOCHAM has emerged as the fountainhead of Knowledge for Indian industry, which is all set to redefine the dynamics of growth and development in the Knowledge Based Economy.

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Shadowfax Ties Up With ASSOCHAM To Upskill And Employ Youth Under The Skill India Mission - IndianWeb2.com

Timipre Sylva: Nigeria to focus on five critical areas in oil and gas sector in 2020 – TODAY NEWS AFRICA

The Nigerian Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, Chief Timipre Sylva, on Thursday, held his first major press conference in Abuja since he was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari in 2019, and rolled out the five critical areas of focus for oil and gas sector in Africas most populous nation in the year 2020.

Theformer governorofBayelsa Statein Southern Nigeria expressed optimism that both the Petroleum Industry Governance, Administration & Host Communities Bill on one hand, and the Petroleum Industry Fiscal Bill on the other, will be passed within the first anniversary of the Buhari administrations second term in office.

His confidence, he explained, was based on the current harmony between the Executive and Legislative arms of the Government.

President Muhammadu Buhari won a second term of four years in 2019, with his All Progressives Congress (APC) sweeping both chambers of the National Assembly.

That victory gave Mr. Buhari, 77, the backing he lacked in his first term when Senate President Bukola Saraki and Speaker Yakubu Dogara rose to defeat his preferred candidates and antagonized him until the very last minute.

On the PIB, or Petroleum Industry Bill, which is the first priority of Mr. Sylva, he said a special focus will be placed on the Midstream and Downstream sectors.

Consequently, we are considering two regulators, one for the Upstream (the Commission) and another for the Midstream & Downstream (the Authority), he said, adding that the Midstream and Downstream sectors will particularly open enormous opportunities to local investors and create massive job opportunities in the country.

For example, investments will be available in pipeline engineering design, procurement & construction, terminal operations, pipe mills, fabrication of pressure vessels, storage facilities, pipe transportation and laying equipments, Refineries, Central Processing Facilities and also investment in Gas-based industries (Fertilizer, Methanol, Petrochemicals, LPG and CNG) etc. Open access for oil and gas transportation will be fully enhanced, he said.

On the upstream side, we are coming up with more robust fiscal provision, acreage management, drilling-or-drop program, etc. We are not only going to retain investors, multitudes will join the leagues of high-value operators, the Minister added.

Mr. Sylva explained that his second point agenda would be to address security challenges around oil and gas installations, specifically to curtail theft of petroleum products and crude oil.

He said the crude theft was being currently contained with legislation, security, surveillance, community engagement and diplomacy.

Mr. Sylva explained that oil theft lingers because of the presence of an active market for stolen crude and products, a weak measurement and surveillance mechanism, weak and inadequate sanctions, low cost and high incentive for theft as well as lack of infrastructural development.

As a solution, he proposed to use technology for pro-active leak detection and community participation in the oil and gas assets, as well as engage PTI in the training of unemployed youths in the region.

In addition, the government would have to revamp security architecture, increase supply to underserved areas, provide good infrastructure in the regions where oil is exploited and give incentives to host communities.

This would not be complete without increasing community stake-holding, designing and enforcing stiffer legislations and mobilizing global community, traders, refiners, regulators and international groups.

His third agenda, he said, would be to enable the operations of the National Oil company as a responsive commercial enterprise

Mr. Sylva said various transformation processes were currently ongoing in NNPC Growing from Business Unit Focus Areas (12 BUFAs) to Transparency, Accountability and Performance Excellence (TAPE). We are considering the Incorporation of NNPC and its existing Joint Venture Companies.

In addition, his fourth priority would be to conduct bid rounds for marginal and opportunities within 2020 and to ensure settlement of dispute with partners and pave way for FID on major capital projects.

New Gridding, acreage management and bidding process are thoroughly elucidated in the upcoming Petroleum Industry Bills. It is therefore highly desirable that the Bills are passed before any bid round. This is one of the reason we implore Nigerians to support us in our quest to pass the bills in earnest, Mr. Sylva said.

His fifth priority would be to deepen domestic gas utilization and overall monetization of gas resource.

As you are aware, Natural gas has the capacity to transform an economy. We have seen successful examples all over the world. Qatar has the worlds highest GDP per Capita its growth anchored on natural gas. Saudi Arabia has positioned itself as the worlds hub for petrochemicals, creating significant job opportunities and enabling industrialization of the country, he said.

He added: Nigerias gas reserves is significant. Nigeria current 2P gas estimate is about 202TCF with potential for up to 600TCF in undiscovered resources. With the undiscovered potential, Nigeria could be in the same league as Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Russia.

Recognizing the potential of our enormous natural gas resources and the unprecedented growth in domestic gas demand, the Federal Government of Nigeria through the Ministry of Petroleum Resources over the years has championed various interventions to stimulate gas utilization and monetization.

This led to the Gas Master-Plan Policy initiative where detailed major gas infrastructure expansion and integration, gas supply development projects, revamp of the commercial framework for gas and tactical efforts to accelerate gas supply to Power sector, in addition to our gas industrialization strategy for investments in Fertilizer, Methanol, Petrochemical, CNG and LPG are fully stated.

Also the Ministry of Petroleum Resources is driving the Nigeria Gas Flare Commercialization Program (NGFCP). This initiative is designed as the strategy to implement policy objective of the FGN for the elimination of gas flares with potentially enormous multiplier and development outcomes for Nigeria. The objective of the NGFCP is to eliminate gas flaring through technically and commercially sustainable gas utilisation projects developed by competent third party investors who will be invited to participate in a competitive and transparent bid process.

The Federal Executive Council in June 2016 approved the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Program (NGFCP).

The Federal Government ratified the Paris Climate Change Agreement, and is a signatory to the Global Gas Flaring Partnership (GGFR) principles for global flare-out by 2030 whilst committing to a national flare-out target by year 2020.

In November 2018, the Federal Government of Nigeria called for Expression of Interest (EoI) in the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Program (NGFCP).

Over 850 interested parties registered their interest in the NGFCP. 205 Applicants emerged successful and all 205 companies will be invited to submit their proposal for flare gas utilization through the Request for Proposals (RfP) phase of the NGFCP, Mr. Sylva said.

He added that the commercialization approach has been considered from legal, technical, economic, commercial and developmental standpoints.

It is a unique and historic opportunity to attract major investment in economically viable gas flare capture projects whilst permanently addressing a 60 year environmental problem in Nigeria.

About US$ 3.5 billion worth of inward investments is required to achieve the gas flare commercialization targets by 2020.

The analysis also shows that the NGFCP will deliver significant social and economic benefits to host communities in gas-rich regions of the Niger Delta, to investors and to the national economy. Benefits would include, he added.

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Timipre Sylva: Nigeria to focus on five critical areas in oil and gas sector in 2020 - TODAY NEWS AFRICA

Digital citizen rights need to have teeth for Canada to succeed in data-driven economy – The Globe and Mail

Alex Benay, Partner, Digital and Government Solutions, KPMG in Canada

Over the past decade, the world has steadily been shifting from a resource-based economy to a data-driven one. This transition is having major effects on countries all over the world.

In many jurisdictions, the digital economy represents a massive growth opportunity. But at the same time, the common thinking is that it also poses significant risks to citizens commercialization of private data, cyberbreaches, identity theft and inequality owing to the lack of connectivity in many regions. It seems that for every digital economy opportunity, there is a digital risk to a citizen.

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Based on the online rhetoric, it appears as though one needs to choose between the two growth or rights.

But there should be no tension between the concepts of expanding our digital economy while simultaneously creating new digital citizen rights. But for this to be true in Canada, we need action from both the private and public sector. Otherwise, the world is changing at such a rapid pace that we are at risk of being left behind as both a country and as digital citizens.

So what are basic digital rights? For starters, they are laws not policy instruments. Digital rights need to have teeth they cannot be mere strategy documents.

First, in order to participate in the digital economy, citizens need connectivity as a basic human right. Connectivity would provide all Canadians access to digital services and the ability to participate in the new data-driven economy.

With connectivity as a basic human right in Canada, there would be no reason why one cannot have a tech unicorn in a Canadian region outside of the traditional major city centres. Hyperconnectivity would permit all ideas and all citizens to contribute to Canadas innovation economy.

Second, citizens must retain ownership of their data in this digital economy. Citizens should not be commercialized by any platform without their consent full stop. Otherwise, Canadians will not be able to reap the benefits of the data driven economy because they lack the control over their biggest asset their own personal data. If we are to ever reach this goal of ownership of ones own data, it is now time to update, and in some cases, rewrite our laws to reflect the new digital reality.

Privacy laws, for example, are not equipped to deal with digital-aged constructs, many of which were written in the industrial age. Instead of modern privacy laws that enable secure data sharing across sectors, or trusted digital wallets that would permit control of ones online activities, we have policies and procedures based on fax machine transmissions. This prohibits secure data sharing while ensuring data multiplication and a slower economy. It means our businesses cannot build the right infrastructure required to support privacy in a digital age because our laws impede the innovation.

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A critical example in the context of this new digital economy will be the openness of those holding our data. Traditionally, we see intellectual property and openness as opposing factors. Yet, we cannot operate in a digital economy without providing openness of digital rights and economic opportunity. Too often we see companies use intellectual property as a blocker for releasing their algorithms to the public. But protecting citizen rights in the digital age and economic growth are not necessarily at odds. As the data economy grows, the companies who operate with a higher degree of openness will likely profit more.

So where does this leave us?

We need our governments to double their current efforts to address the hard items getting in the way of both digital prosperity and the rights of Canadians. Laws must be changed, regulations adjusted and policies must reflect the new digital economy and at a much faster pace.

We must also invest one dollar in digital infrastructure for every dollar we invest in roads and bridges to ensure Canada can compete in this data-driven economy.

Looking ahead, sectors must begin to work better together in order to increase the speed of the economy in order to remain internationally competitive.

Canada should provide a model to the world highlighting that human rights are now also digital rights, and that this new reality does not need to compete with advancing economic interests.

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The country that sets the stage for digital economic growth while protecting citizen rights will win the race.

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Digital citizen rights need to have teeth for Canada to succeed in data-driven economy - The Globe and Mail

Azmin: Malaysia to realign economy in the next decade – The Malaysian Reserve

Minister says all the initiatives will be outlined in the 12MP and spill over into the 13MP

by SHAHEERA AZNAM SHAH / pic by RAZAK GHAZALI

MALAYSIA will push for a realignment of the countrys economy over the next 10 years as the old economic model of manufacturing, commodity and labour-intensive operations would hamper future growth.

The country for decades had been dependent on manufacturing from investment abroad, which created jobs but had failed to push for innovation and development of our own homegrown products.

Dependence on manufacturing and commodity had also stifled salary growth and high-paying jobs.

Economic Affairs Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Azmin Ali (picture) said all the initiatives to realign the countrys economy will be outlined in the 12th Malaysia Plan (12MP) 2021 2025 and spill over into the 13MP 2026-2030.

The government remains vigilant and continues to focus on strengthening Malaysias near-term resilience and advancing structural reforms to raise medium-term growth.

The countrys growth potential will be optimised by strengthening productivity and innovation as catalysts of growth. Emphasis will be placed on empowering the manufacturing sector to produce more high quality, diverse and complex products, he said in a statement yesterday.

Azmin said the RM56 billion allocated for the countrys development expenditure in 2020 will be utilised for 5,466 development projects to generate momentum and strengthen Malaysias longterm economic capacity.

From the total amount, RM53.2 billion will be allocated for 4,744 ongoing projects and the remaining RM2.8 billion will be set aside for 722 new projects.

Azmin said deeper focuses will be given to the high-growth sectors such as aerospace, electrical and electronics, medical devices production, machinery and equipment, as well as chemicals and chemical products.

The development and modernisation of the resource-based industries through research, development, commercialisation and innovation initiatives will also be given priority, he said.

Meanwhile, the governments [emailprotected] initiative announced in Budget 2020 is expected to support household spending for the next five years, coupled with the upward revision of minimum monthly wage, Azmin said.

Malaysias household spending will continue to be supported by wage growth and favourable employment prospects, in line with the [emailprotected] initiative announced in Budget 2020, with a total allocation of RM6.5 billion for the next five years.

The upward revision of the minimum monthly wage rate to RM1,200 beginning Jan 1 next year in 57 cities and municipalities across Malaysia, along with cash transfer programmes, income tax refund and lower cost of borrowings, is also expected to provide additional impetus to household spending, he said.

In boosting economic activities in the country, the government has identified 15 Key Economic Growth Areas as the new fundamentals of growth, including Islamic finance hub 2.0, Commodity Malaysia 2.0 and the Industrial Revolution 4.0.

Recognising the importance of infrastructure projects in boosting the countrys supply chain, Azmin said the government has emphasised some of the strategic projects in the 12MP.

During the first nine months of 2019, significant levels of foreign and domestic investments amounting to RM149 billion have been approved.

Recognising the importance of infrastructure projects to facilitate supply chains and the mobility of goods and people, several strategic projects will be continued in the 12MP such as the Pan Borneo Highway, East Coast Rail Link, Bandar Malaysia and GemasJohor Baru Electrified DoubleTracking Project, he said.

On the global front, Azmin said the country will continue to leverage on its open trade policy, especially in pursuing a greater unification with Asean.

Malaysia will continue to adopt an open trade and investment policy, particularly to pursue greater integration with Asean, leveraging on the regions large population size of more than 600 million people.

The hosting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit and Visit Malaysia Year 2020 will be catalysts for growth, particularly for the tourism industry, he said.

On the performance of Malaysias economy, Azmin said the government is confident of achieving 4.8% in GDP growth next year due to the countrys strong macroeconomic fundamentals.

Malaysia has a highly diversified economic and export structure, supportive labour market, low and stable inflation, a strong and well-capitalised financial sector and a healthy current account surplus of the balance of payments.

This outlook is higher than the estimates by the International Monetary Fund at 4.4% and the World Bank at 4.5%, as the government remains committed to implementing its development priorities, he said.

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Azmin: Malaysia to realign economy in the next decade - The Malaysian Reserve