Riga: NATO allies are scrambling to protect vulnerable Baltic partners from the threat of hybrid warfare; a Russian tactic that officials and experts say is based on deception rather than formal declaration of war.
Russian President Vladimir Putin's use of anonymous "little green men" to slice Crimea away from Ukraine last year sent alarm bells ringing throughout the three small Baltic NATO and EU members.
They endured decades of Soviet occupation after the Red Army rolled in during World War II. While a full-scale invasion is improbable now, hybrid meddling and destabilisation tactics designed to test NATO's commitment to collective defence are not.
Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite did not mince her words when she said: "The first stage of confrontation is taking place, I mean informational war, propaganda and cyber-attacks. So we are already under attack."
Trojan Horse
According to James Sherr of Britain's Chatham House think-tank, hybrid warfare is "designed to cripple a state before that state even realises the conflict has begun.
"It's a model of warfare designed to slip under NATO's threshold of perception and reaction."
NATO Deputy Secretary General Alexander Vershbow has called it a modern example of the ancient Trojan Horse tactic.
NATO is "looking at how we prepare for, deter, and, if required, defend against hybrid threats," the former US ambassador to Moscow said recently at a security conference in the Latvian capital Riga.
Not to be caught off guard amid an increased Russian military presence in the Baltic, alliance members have mounted a series of troop rotations into the region.
Read more from the original source: