The Secret N I B I R U System Gliese 581-Original NASA Documents
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Published January 20, 2015
This processed image, taken Jan. 13, 2015, shows the dwarf planet Ceres as seen from the Dawn spacecraft. The image hints at craters on the surface of Ceres. Dawn's framing camera took this image at 238,000 miles from Ceres.(NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA)
NASAs Dawn spacecraft is approaching the dwarf planet Ceres and new images released Monday show a closer view of the planets surface.
"We know so much about the solar system and yet so little about dwarf planet Ceres. Now, Dawn is ready to change that," said Marc Rayman, Dawn's chief engineer and mission director, according to a news release from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
The NASA spacecraft is scheduled to conduct a 16-month study of Ceres and will send increasingly better and better images as it gets closer to the planet. It is the first time a spacecraft has ever visited a dwarf planet.
"Already, the [latest] images hint at first surface structures such as craters," said Andreas Nathues, lead investigator for the framing camera team at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Gottingen, Germany.
The images, taken by Dawn 238,000 miles from Ceres on January 13, are at about 80 percent the resolution of Hubble Space Telescope images taken in 2003 and 2004. The next set of images to be released by Dawn at the end of January will be the clearest yet, NASA says.
Ceres, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, has an average diameter of 590 miles and is the largest body in the main asteroid belt. It is believed to contain a large amount of ice and scientists say the surface of the planet could be concealing an ocean.
"The team is very excited to examine the surface of Ceres in never-before-seen detail," said Chris Russell, principal investigator for the Dawn mission. "We look forward to the surprises this mysterious world may bring."
The Dawn spacecraft has already delivered more than 30,000 images of Vesta the second largest body in the main asteroid belt during an orbit in 2011 and 2012.
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Story highlights NASA's Dawn spacecraft delivers new images of the dwarf planet Ceres Dawn will enter the dwarf planet's orbit in March
The images of Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, were taken by the Dawn spacecraft from a distance of 238,000 miles on January 13. With a diameter of about 590 miles, NASA describes the dwarf planet as "Texas-sized."
"We know so much about the solar system and yet so little about dwarf planet Ceres. Now, Dawn is ready to change that," Marc Rayman, Dawn's chief engineer and mission director, said in a release from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope took the best images to date of Ceres in 2003 and 2004. While the latest set of images is only at about 80% of Hubble's resolution, NASA expects the decade-old images to be eclipsed when the spacecraft has another imaging opportunity at the end of this month.
Dawn, which was launched in 2007, is expected to enter the dwarf planet's orbit around March 6 for the first time. Scientists have long thought the surface contains vast portions of ice or even an ocean, and have previously detected water vapor.
Ceres falls into the same unique category of dwarf planets as Pluto. According to the International Astronomical Union, this classification is for a celestial body that "is in orbit around the sun," "has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape" but is not able to "clear the neighborhood around its orbit," meaning the body is big enough to clear objects like asteroids and debris out of its orbital way.
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NASAs Dawn spacecraft has already delivered the first details of craters on the surface ofCeres as it draws closer to itshistorical rendezvous with the dwarf planet.
Dawn will be the first ever probe to visit a dwarf planet and has been heading for Ceres, the largest body in the main asteroid belt, since it left its first mission objective, Vesta, in 2012.
Its new images show the dwarf planet at 27 pixels across, around three times better than the calibration images taken in early December. The pictures are still only around 80 per cent of the resolution of images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2003 and 2004, but Dawn is about to get much closer to the dwarf world.
At the end of January, its images will surpass Hubble resolution, bringing scientists the first clues about this icy body in the asteroid belt, which some academics believe may harbor a subsurface ocean. That puts Ceres in the same bracket as Jupiters moon Europa and Saturns moon Enceladus warm, wet planetary bodies that are potentially habitable.
The Dawn spacecraft observed Ceres for an hour on Jan. 13, 2015, from a distance of 238,000 miles. A little more than half of its surface was observed at a resolution of 27 pixels. This animated GIF shows bright and dark features. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA/PSI)
said Marc Rayman, Dawns chief engineer and mission director, based at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
Already, the [latest] images hint at first surface structures such as craters, added Andreas Nathues, lead investigator for the framing camera team at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Gottingen, Germany.
Ceres sits in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, has an average diameter of 590 miles and is thought to be made up of a large proportion of water though how much of that water is liquid is still in question.
The dwarf planet is Dawns second port of call, after it delivered over 30,000 pictures and huge amounts of data and insight into Vesta, the second most massive object in the same asteroid belt. The probe orbited the 326-mile diameter space rock from 2011 to 2012, but thanks to its ion propulsion system, still has enough juice to be the first ever spacecraft to orbit two deep-space destinations.
Ceres has offered tantalising hints about its make-up, including the presence of water vapour in its thin atmosphere and these first hints of craters on its surface.
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NASA's Dawn Draws Closer To Potentially Habitable Dwarf Planet Ceres
The Solar Dynamics Observatory celebrates five years of sun-worshipping by releasing its impressive 100 millionth image of our closest star.
The Solar Dynamics Observatory's 100 millionth image of the sun taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. NASA/SDO/AIA/LMSAL
The Solar Dynamics Observatory first stared into the depths of the sun when it launched in early 2010. NASA tasked the SDO with studying that giant fiery ball of star that helps make our very existence on Earth possible. Over the course of five years, the observatory has delivered memorable data and images, ranging from the sun making a jack-o'-lantern face to footage of massive solar flares.
A new landmark was reached when NASA released the observatory's 100 millionth image of the sun, taken January 19. The image was captured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, an instrument that NASA describes as using "four telescopes working parallel to gather eight images of the sun -- cycling through 10 different wavelengths -- every 12 seconds."
The SDO generates 1.5 terabytes of data each day, with about half of that coming from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. It's a busy instrument, cranking out 57,600 images every day.
The 100 millionth image is a lovely one, showing swirling waves of activity in the solar atmosphere. The dark spots are coronal holes, areas of lower gas levels, that are constantly shifting and reshaping. The SDO data is helping scientists understand what causes changes across the sun and how it impacts Earth.
NASA also created a mosaic of the 100 millionth image, using previous images the observatory has captured in extreme ultraviolet light. Each tile in the mosaic is 50 pixels across.
This mosaic of the 100 millionth Atmospheric Imaging Assembly image consists of many other Solar Dynamics Observatory images. NASA/SDO/Mosaic created with AndreaMosaic
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NASA's Dawn spacecraft is currently in the final stages of its historic mission to place a satellite in orbit around the dwarf planet Ceres. The primary mission will take 16 months and will see the robotic explorer capture detailed images and measurements of Ceres, greatly improving our knowledge of the solar system.
Launched in 2007 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Base atop a Delta II rocket, Dawn carries a state-of-the-art suite of scientific equipment. This is designed to allow the spacecraft to unlock some of the mysteries surrounding the formation of our early solar system via a detailed observation of the rocky body Vesta, and the dwarf planet Ceres.
The spacecraft is powered by an ion thruster an engine that accelerates ion molecules to create forward momentum. This enduring propulsion system makes efficient use of fuel and electricity, and will allow Dawn to become the first spacecraft to orbit two deep space destinations.
To date, Dawn has traveled around 1.7 billion miles, using the gas giant Jupiter to give the robotic explorer a gravity assist as it made its way towards its first target, Vesta, gaining orbit in July 2011. During its year-long stay around the giant asteroid, Dawn took in excess of 30,000 images of Vesta, gaining many valuable insights in the process. Finally, on Sept. 7, 2012, the robotic pioneer set sail for her final destination, Ceres a rocky minor planet that is believed to contain large amounts of ice, and possibly even a hidden ocean under its enigmatic outer shell.
Processed image of Ceres as captured from the Dawn spacecraft (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA)
However, mission controllers have not had things all their own way. Over the course of its epic voyage through deep space, Dawn suffered a number of malfunctions, the most recent of which, caused by a collision with a high-energy radiation particle, forced the probe to enter a safe mode, shutting down the spacecraft's active ion thruster in the process. NASA personnel swiftly implemented a recovery protocol, switching to another ion engine as they implemented a work-around, allowing Dawn to quickly resume her burn towards Ceres with little to no detriment to the mission.
The most detailed images of the dwarf planet are currently provided by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, and whilst Dawn's images cannot yet match the resolution of the legendary telescope (currently snapping images at around 80 percent the quality of NASA's flagship platform), she is getting closer. The spacecraft has already returned some stunning images, the most recent of which captured Ceres at a resolution of 27 pixels across, roughly three times better than her previous attempts. Before long, Dawn will be close enough to its quarry to outstrip the ability of humanity's most famous telescope, as she races towards orbit capture, an event expected to take place March 6.
"The team is very excited to examine the surface of Ceres in never-before-seen detail," says principal investigator for Dawn, Chris Russel. "We look forward to the surprises this mysterious world may bring."
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NASA's Dawn spacecraft ready for historic contact with dwarf planet
Unboxing Freeze-Dried Ice Cream from NASA [PT-BR]
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Nasa report on Global warming - 2014 the Warmest year since 1880 (19-01-2015)
Nasa scientists reported that 2014 was the most warmest year, with global average temperature increasing about 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880. Watch first ever a 24/7 Telangana news Channel...
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Nasa report on Global warming - 2014 the Warmest year since 1880 (19-01-2015) - Video
NASA Launch Test #5
Well lets try to get a launch done after the hackings.
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It's the home stretch for NASAs Dawn spacecraft, which after a 3-billion-mile journey has finally got the dwarf planet Ceres in its sights. Now, Dawn's newest images reveal fascinating features on Ceres' surface that will only grow clearer in the run-up to the spacecraft's arrival March 6.
Dawn's newly released images of Ceres are 27 pixels across; that may not sound like much, but its about three times better than the images it took in December. Those were being used for calibration; these, which cover more than half the planetoid's surface, will be used for navigation as Dawn closes in on its target.
At 590 miles across, Ceres is the largest asteroid in the belt of rocky debris between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and one of five dwarf planets (a list that includes Pluto). Its nature has long remained a mystery. The best images of Ceres were taken by the Hubble Space Telescope more than a decade ago, and those are still quite blurry.
But the Dawn spacecraft, set to enter orbit March 6, is soon to change that. These just-released navigation images, taken Tuesday, are about 80% of the resolution of the Hubble portraits. Taken when the spacecraft was about 238,000 miles from the surface (close to the average Earth-moon distance), Dawn's fuzzy images reveal surface structures that could be craters.
A few of the dwarf planet's features -- a bright spot in the northern hemisphere, and two larger dark spots in the southern hemisphere have been identified by Hubble before. But the images also feature extensions near the dark spots upper edges that hadnt been previously seen.
When Dawn takes its next set of images in late January, the quality should surpass that of Hubble's images, according to officials at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Ceres is not Dawns first target. That honor goes to Vesta, another asteroid in the main belt, which the spacecraft circled from July 2011 to September 2012. Vesta is the second most massive asteroid after Ceres, but the two heavyweights are very different in character: Vesta is dry and elongated in shape, while Ceres is round and thought to be very wet and icy.
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Ceres in sight: NASA's Dawn spacecraft eyes mysterious dwarf planet
NASA's Dawn spacecraft is closing in on the dwarf planet Ceres and the space agency today released new photos showing what the gigantic cosmic mass looks like up close.
Ceres, the largest body in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, has an average diameter of 590 miles. The images released today are relatively grainy compared to the power of the Hubble Telescope, however they will be used to help guide Dawn closer to the dwarf planet.
The photos, which were taken on Jan. 13 but released today, show Dawn's view of Ceres from a distance of 238,000 miles, according to NASA.
The space agency said the images will continue to get better as Dawn gets closer to Ceres, with the eventual goal of placing the satellite in orbit on March 6. It will be the first time the spacecraft has visited a dwarf planet.
The mission is expected to continue for 16 months as researchers analyze data about Ceres, which is thought to be icy and possibly contain an ocean. Researchers said the current images already show what appear to be craters -- something they're eager to get a closer look at as Dawn edges toward its destination.
IDA/DLR/MPS/UCLA/JPL-Caltech/NASA
PHOTO: This processed image, taken on Jan. 13, 2015, shows the dwarf planet Ceres as seen from the Dawn spacecraft. The image hints at craters on the surface of Ceres. Dawn's framing camera took this image at 238,000 miles from Ceres.
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NASA's New Horizons spacecraft recently began its long-awaited, historic encounter with Pluto. The spacecraft is entering the first of several approach phases that culminate July 14 with the first close-up flyby of the dwarf planet, 4.67 billion miles from Earth.
NASA first mission to distant Pluto will also be humankinds first close up view of this cold, unexplored world in our solar system, said Jim Green, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division at the agencys Headquarters in Washington. The New Horizons team worked very hard to prepare for this first phase, and they did it flawlessly.
The fastest spacecraft when it was launched, New Horizons lifted off in January 2006. It awoke from its final hibernation period last month after a voyage of more than 3 billion miles, and will soon pass close to Pluto, inside the orbits of its five known moons. In preparation for the close encounter, the missions science, engineering and spacecraft operations teams configured the piano-sized probe for distant observations of the Pluto system that start Sunday, Jan. 25 with a long-range photo shoot.
The images captured by New Horizons telescopic Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) will give mission scientists a continually improving look at the dynamics of Plutos moons. The images also will play a critical role in navigating the spacecraft as it covers the remaining 135 million miles (220 million kilometers) to Pluto.
Weve completed the longest journey any spacecraft has flown from Earth to reach its primary target, and we are ready to begin exploring, said Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
LORRI will take hundreds of pictures of Pluto over the next few months to refine current estimates of the distance between the spacecraft and the dwarf planet. Though the Pluto system will resemble little more than bright dots in the cameras view until May, mission navigators will use the data to design course-correction maneuvers to aim the spacecraft toward its target point this summer. The first such maneuver could occur as early as March.
We need to refine our knowledge of where Pluto will be when New Horizons flies past it, said Mark Holdridge, New Horizons encounter mission manager at Johns Hopkins Universitys Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. The flyby timing also has to be exact, because the computer commands that will orient the spacecraft and point the science instruments are based on precisely knowing the time we pass Pluto which these images will help us determine.
The optical navigation campaign that begins this month marks the first time pictures from New Horizons will be used to help pinpoint Plutos location.
Throughout the first approach phase, which runs until spring, New Horizons will conduct a significant amount of additional science. Spacecraft instruments will gather continuous data on the interplanetary environment where the planetary system orbits, including measurements of the high-energy particles streaming from the sun and dust-particle concentrations in the inner reaches of the Kuiper Belt. In addition to Pluto, this area, the unexplored outer region of the solar system, potentially includes thousands of similar icy, rocky small planets.
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NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Begins First Stages Of Pluto Encounter
NASA'S Spaceward Bound project, established in 2006, is an outreach initiative aimed at educating people around the world.
A team of NASA scientists travels to different countries, involving educators in real planetary exploration fieldwork here on Earth. For the first time the team has come to New Zealand, bringing prototype rover Junior with them.
"This is a huge feather in our cap and it's really going to help put New Zealand on the map in terms of astrobiology and also space research in general," says Prof Steve Pointing of AUT.
"This is very exciting," says Haritina Mogosanu, head of the New Zealand Astrobiology Initiative. "I heard about spaceward bound in 2011 and I dreamt [of] having it in New Zealand, and been thinking ever since, and really it's a historical day for me."
The goal is to pass on knowledge from professional NASA scientists to tertiary students, and eventually to schoolchildren.
"Science is one of those subjects that we're really trying to encourage children to take part in more, and astrobiology is a great platform for that because what it does is it brings together different scientific disciplines - everything from physics, to chemistry, to biology, and even robotics and engineering," says Prof Pointing.
While Junior's here he'll be used for tests on Rotorua's hot springs, similar to the testing rovers Curiosity and Opportunity are doing on Mars as they search for signs of life.
"We're really excited to be in New Zealand because of all the geological and microbiology features," says NASA astrobiologist Jan Blank. "New Zealand's a great setting for a lot of planetary analogue environments, and we can find them in such a close geographical area, so that's exciting."
NASA mechanical engineer David Wilson is the brains behind Junior.
"On Mars you could be up to 50 million miles away from your robot. Commands take at least 20 minutes or more sometimes to get from here to there and back again. In that 20 minutes if your rover is driving too fast, it could hit a rock, turn over, fall into a crater, fall off a cliff."
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NASAs Dawn spacecraft has taken new images of dwarf planet Ceres. The photos show the planet at 27 pixels across, three times better than the calibration images the spacecraft took in early December. These images will be the first in a series that will be taken for navigation purposes during the approach to Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Dawn will deliver more precise images of Ceres in the next several weeks leading up to the devices entrance into the planets orbit March 6. The images will continue to improve as Dawn travels closer to the surface.
"We know so much about the solar system and yet so little about dwarf planet Ceres. Now, Dawn is ready to change that," Marc Rayman, Dawn's chief engineer and mission director, said in a statement Monday.
So far, the clearest photos of Ceres were taken by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope more than a decade ago. The most recent images taken Jan. 13 did not surpass the Hubble photos, but will at Dawns next imaging opportunity, which will occur at the end of January.
Already, the [latest] images hint at first surface structures such as craters," said Andreas Nathues, lead investigator for the framing camera team at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Gottingen, Germany.
Ceres is the only dwarf planet in the inner solar system and was discovered in 1801 by Guiseppe Piazza. It is the largest body in the main asteroid belt and has an average diameter of 590 miles. Scientists believe it contains a significant amount of ice and that its surface may conceal an ocean.
Dawns arrival at Ceres will be the first time a spacecraft has visited a dwarf planet.
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NASA's Dawn Mission Status: Probe Closes In On Dwarf Planet Ceres
Found: Mars Orbiter Locates Beagle 2 Lander
The Beagle 2 Lander, built by the United Kingdom, has been thought lost on Mars since Dec. 25, 2003, but has now been found in images from NASA #39;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. A set of three...
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NASA | 2014 Continues Long-Term Global Warming
The year 2014 now ranks as the warmest on record since 1880, according to an analysis by NASA scientists. This video shows a time series of five-year global temperature averages, mapped from...
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NASA | 2014 Warmest Year On Record
The year 2014 now ranks as the warmest on record since 1880, according to an analysis by NASA scientists. Nine of the 10 warmest years since modern records began have now occurred since 2000,.
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2014 is the warmest year since 1880, says NASA and NOAA
According to NASA and NOAA 2014 is the record modern times since 1880. The studies concluded that the Earth #39;s temperature today is 0.8 degrees Celsius warmer than 1880. Carbon dioxide ...
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2014 is the warmest year since 1880, says NASA and NOAA - Video