NASA Community Announcement on Astrophysics Explorer AO – NNH14ZDA002J

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is releasing this Community Announcement concerning its intention to solicit investigations for the Astrophysics Explorer Program. The Astrophysics Explorer Program conducts Principal Investigator (PI)-led space science investigations to advance NASA's strategic goals in astrophysics, which are to discover the origin, structure, evolution, and destiny of the Universe and search for Earth-like planets. Additional information concerning these areas of investigation is provided through appropriate links found on the SMD homepage at http://science.nasa.gov/.

The current state of planning calls for NASA SMD to release an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) in the late summer/early fall of 2014 that will solicit proposals for Small Explorer (SMEX) missions to accomplish Astrophysics Explorer Program science objectives. NASA also plans to release simultaneously a solicitation for Astrophysics Explorer Missions of Opportunity (MO) through the NASA Announcement of Opportunity NNH12ZDA006O, Second Stand Alone Missions of Opportunity Notice (SALMON-2). A draft SMEX AO and draft SALMON-2 amendment are expected to be ready for release for comment in Spring 2014.

The PI-managed mission cost cap for an Astrophysics SMEX mission is expected to be no greater than $125M in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 dollars, not including the cost of any contributions or of the NASA provided launch services, either an Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) or transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Standard launch services to the ISS or on an ELV will be provided for SMEX missions at no charge against the mission cost cap. The standard ELV launch services offered will be similar to the "ELV Launch Service Class Option B" described in the Explorer Program Library's launch services document (see http://explorers.larc.nasa.gov/EX). There will be a charge against the mission cost cap for mission unique and special launch services beyond the standard launch services offered. The Explorer Program Library's launch services document will be updated for the 2014 Astrophysics SMEX AO.

The PI-managed mission cost cap for an Astrophysics Explorer MO is expected to be no greater than $65M or $35M in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 dollars. NASA expects to solicit MO science investigations that are defined in the SALMON-2 AO as Partner MOs, New Missions using Existing Spacecraft MOs, or Small Complete Mission MOs, including investigations requiring flight on the International Space Station. Suborbital-class MOs have a $35M PI-managed mission cost cap; this includes missions on ultra-long duration balloons, suborbital reusable launch vehicles (RLVs), and CubeSats. Other (not suborbital-class) MOs will have a $65M PI-managed mission cost cap.

The currently approved Astrophysics Explorer Program planning budget is sufficient to select and execute one SMEX mission and one MO.

The current planning is for the selection process to be done in two stages. In Step 1, it is anticipated that two or three SMEX missions and one to three MO missions may be selected for one-year Phase A concept studies. Each SMEX concept study would be funded up to $1M in real year dollars, and each MO concept study would be funded up to $250K in real year dollars. For Step 2, NASA will conduct a detailed review of the Phase A concept study reports. As a result of this second evaluation, NASA expects to select one SMEX mission and one MO mission to proceed into Phase B and subsequent mission phases. NASA desires to launch the SMEX mission by the end of 2020.

Proposals in response to this AO will be due 90 days after its formal release. Participation will be open to all categories of U.S. and non-U.S. organizations, including educational institutions, industry, not-for-profit organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, NASA Centers, and other Government agencies.

The schedule for the solicitation is intended to be:

The Astrophysics Explorer Program SMEX AO and SALMON-2 amendment may contain provisions that differ substantially from this preliminary notice, in which case the provisions in the AO and SALMON-2 amendment will take precedence. The Astrophysics Explorer AO will be based on the Standard PI-led Mission AO Template available at http://soma.larc.nasa.gov/standardao/sao_templates.html. Proposers should read the Draft Astrophysics SMEX AO and SALMON-2 amendment carefully when they are released.

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NASA Community Announcement on Astrophysics Explorer AO - NNH14ZDA002J

Project Gemini: Science Program (ca.1965) | NASA Space Program Educational Film – Video


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NASA's Next Mars Probe Set to Launch Monday

NASA's next mission to Mars set to explore the Red Planet's atmosphere is getting ready to launch on Monday (Nov. 18).

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft (called MAVEN for short) is expected to investigate how the ancient Red Planet shifted from being a warm, wet world to the cold desert it is today.

"A maven is a trusted expert based on an accumulation of knowledge who seeks to pass that knowledge onto others," John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for the science mission directorate at NASA, said during a news conference on Oct. 28. "MAVEN, like its entomological origin, will indeed establish the knowledge on which scientists can build a story of the Mars atmosphere and help future human explorers who journey to Mars and the Mars surface." [NASA's MAVEN Mission to Mars (Photos)]

The probe will launch atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The two-hour launch window opens at 1:28 p.m. EST (1828 GMT) and NASA will air the event live.

It will take about 10 months for MAVEN to arrive at Mars. The 5,410-pound (2,454 kilograms) probe will insert itself into an elliptical orbit around the Red Planet in September 2014.

While in orbit, the $671 million MAVEN mission will investigate the upper atmosphere of the Red Planet. Scientists hope to use MAVEN to uncover how and why Mars lost its atmosphere, which is now just one percent as dense as Earth's.

"There are two places that the atmosphere can go," MAVEN principal investigator Bruce Jakosky said during the news conference. "It can go down into the crust [or] it can up to the top of the atmosphere and be lost to space. I think these questions of where did the water go? Where did the CO2 [carbon dioxide] go from that early atmosphere are driving our exploration of Mars."

It's possible that the sun's solar wind was responsible for stripping away some of Mars' atmosphere, although many kinds of mechanisms could have played a role, Jakosky said.

In order to investigate the causes behind Mars' loss of atmosphere, MAVEN will carry a host of instruments into orbit around the Red Planet. The probe's science payload includes instruments designed to investigate solar particles, solar wind ions and solar wind electrons. Other instruments will examine the structure of the upper atmosphere and "how it responds to the solar energy that hits it in these different formats," Jakosky said.

MAVEN's launch window runs from Nov. 18 to Dec. 7 although it could launch as late as Dec. 15, according to Jakosky. If the probe misses this window of opportunity, however, the mission will need to wait two more years before Earth and Mars are favorably aligned in this way again.

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NASA's Next Mars Probe Set to Launch Monday

NASA peers into one of Earth's strongest storms ever

13 hours ago by Alan Buis NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft captured these infrared images of Super Typhoon Haiyan at 8:59 p.m. PST Nov. 7 (left) and 9:17 a.m. PST Nov. 8 (right). The storm's coldest cloud-top temperatures and areas of heaviest rainfall are depicted by the brightest shades of purple.Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

(Phys.org) New satellite images just obtained from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and the Indian Space Research Organization's OceanSAT-2 ocean wind scatterometer provide a glimpse into one of the most powerful storms ever recorded on Earth.

According to the U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Typhoon Haiyan had maximum sustained winds of 195 mph (314 kilometers per hour), with gusts up to 235 mph (379 kilometers per hour) shortly before making landfall in the central Philippines today. That would make it one of the strongest storms ever recorded. Weather officials in the Philippines reported the storm, known locally as Typhoon Yolanda, came ashore with maximum sustained winds of 147 mph (235 kilometers per hour) and gusts of up to 170 mph (275 miles per hour).

The two AIRS images, acquired at 8:59 p.m. PST on Nov. 7 (left) and 9:17 a.m. PST on Nov. 8 (right), show the powerful storm in infrared. When the image on the left was acquired, the storm was located 214 miles (344 kilometers) south-southeast of Manila. By the time the image on the right was acquired, the fast-moving storm was already centered west of the Philippines, on a forecast track that will take it to Vietnam. The storm's coldest cloud-top temperatures are indicated by the brightest shades of purple, and show where Haiyan's heaviest rainfall was occurring.

Another image, from the OSCAT radar scatterometer on the Indian Space Research Organization's OceanSAT-2 satellite, shows Haiyan's ocean surface winds at 5:30 p.m. PST on Nov. 6. The wind data were calculated by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., using an advanced wind retrieval algorithm designed for tropical cyclone conditions. The colors indicate wind speed and arrows indicate wind direction. The wind speeds were measured in 15-by-15-mile (24-by-24-kilometer) boxes that recorded a maximum value of 128 miles, or 206 kilometers, per hour). That's why these wind speeds are lower than the maximum small-scale winds calculated by the U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

Explore further: NASA sees strengthening Tropical Storm Haiyan lashing Micronesia

NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Tropical Storm Haiyan on Nov. 4 and infrared data showed a large area of powerful thunderstorms affecting Micronesia. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center has forecast newborn ...

Super-Typhoon Haiyan slammed into the eastern Philippines as the strongest tropical cyclone of the year, and today, Nov. 8, is exiting the country and moving into the South China Sea. NASA's Aqua satellite ...

As Typhoon Haiyan has been strengthening, NASA's TRMM satellite investigated how much rain was falling throughout the storm. Typhoon Haiyan is now closing in on Yap and Palau with a forecast to move through ...

Tropical Storm 30W weakened into a tropical depression again on Nov. 6 and wind shear stretched out the storm. The storm's elongation was evident in infrared NASA satellite imagery.

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NASA peers into one of Earth's strongest storms ever

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