CEL MARS 08 - "Grudniowe sukcesy NASA"
W smym i ostatnim w 2014 roku odcinku programu CEL MARS gwny temat to NASA i jej grudniowe rewelacje jak: - Test kapsuy Orion - Odkrycia na Marsie.

By: VORTEIL PL

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CEL MARS 08 - "Grudniowe sukcesy NASA" - Video

NASA spin-off technologies are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of NASA, through research and development contracts (such as SBIR or STTR awards), licensing of NASA patents, use of NASA facilities, technical assistance from NASA personnel, or data from NASA research. Information on new NASA technology that may be useful to industry is available in periodical and website form in "NASA Tech Briefs", while successful examples of commercialization are reported annually in the NASA publication "Spinoffs".

In 1979, notable science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein was asked to appear before a joint committee of the House and Senate after recovering from one of the earliest known carotid bypass operations to correct a blocked artery that was causing transient ischemic attacks; in his testimony, reprinted in the book Expanded Universe, he characterized the technology that made the surgery possible as merely one of a long list of spinoff technologies from space development.

For more than 50 years, the NASA Technology Transfer Program[1] has connected NASA resources to private industry, referring to the commercial products as spin-offs. Well-known products that NASA claims as spin-offs include memory foam (originally named temper foam), freeze-dried food, firefighting equipment, emergency "space blankets", Dustbusters, cochlear implants, and now Speedo's LZR Racer swimsuits. NASA claims that there are over 1650 other spin-offs in the fields of computer technology, environment and agriculture, health and medicine, public safety, transportation, recreation, and industrial productivity. Contrary to common belief, NASA did not invent Tang, Velcro, or Teflon.[2]

In 2008, NASA announced an interactive Web feature, NASA @ Home and City[3] which uses Flash animation to show some examples of everyday products claimed to be spin-offs.[4]

The following is a list of technologies sometimes mistakenly attributed to NASA.[2] In some cases, NASA popularized technology or aided its development.

After:)initial experiments using light-emitting diodes in NASA space shuttle plant growth experiments, NASA issued a small business innovation grant that led to the development of a hand-held, high-intensity, LED unit developed by Quantum Devices Inc. that can be used to treat tumors after other treatment options are exhausted.[9]:1011 This therapy was approved by the FDA and inducted into the Space Foundation's Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2000.

Diatek Corporation and NASA developed an aural thermometer that measures the Thermal Radiation emitted by the eardrum, similar to the way the temperature of stars and planets is measured. This method avoids contact with mucous membranes, and permits rapid temperature measurement of newborn or incapacitated patients. NASA supported the Diatek Corporation through the Technology Affiliates Program.[10]

Collaboration between NASA, Dr. Michael DeBakey, Dr. George Noon, and MicroMed Technology Inc. resulted in a heart pump for patients awaiting heart transplants. The MicroMed DeBakey ventricular assist device (VAD) functions as a bridge to heart transplant by pumping blood until a donor heart is available. The pump is approximately one-tenth the size of other currently marketed pulsatile VADs. Because of the pumps small size, fewer patients developed device-related infections. It can operate up to 8 hours on batteries, giving patients the mobility to do normal, everyday activities.[11]

Artificial limbs

NASAs continued funding, coupled with its collective innovations in robotics and shock-absorption/comfort materials are inspiring and enabling the private sector to create new and better solutions for animal and human prostheses. Advancements such as Environmental Robots Inc.s development of artificial muscle systems with robotic sensing and actuation capabilities for use in NASA space robotic and extravehicular activities are being adapted to create more functionally dynamic artificial limbs (Spinoff 2004). Additionally, other private-sector adaptations of NASAs temper foam technology have brought about custom-moldable materials offering the natural look and feel of flesh, as well as preventing friction between the skin and the prosthesis, and heat/moisture buildup. (Spinoff 2005 url = http://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2008/tech_benefits.html

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NASA spin-off technologies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kennedy Space Center, Fla. Newly released NASA footage recorded during the first test flight ofNASAs Orioncrew capsule this month gives an astronauts-eye view of what it would have been like for a crew riding along on the Trial by Fire as the vehiclebegan the fiery reentrythrough the Earths atmosphere and suffered scorching temperatures during the approximately ten minute plummet homewards and parachute assisted splashdown.

The video provides a taste of the intense conditions the spacecraft and the astronauts it carries will endure when theyreturn from deep space destinationson the journey to Mars, NASA said in a statement.

The video was among the first data to be removed from Orion following its unpiloted Dec. 5 flight test and was recorded through windows inOrions crew module.

The Orion deep space test capsule reached an altitude of 3604 miles and the video starts with a view of the Earths curvature far different from what weve grown accustomed to from Space Shuttle flight and the International Space Station (ISS).

Then it transitions to the fiery atmospheric entry and effects from the superheated plasma, the continued descent, gorgeous series of parachute openings, and concludes with the dramatic splashdown.

Although parts of the video were transmitted back in real time and shown live on NASA TV, this is the first time that the complete video is available so that the public can have an up-close look at the extreme environment a spacecraft experiences as it travels back through Earths environment from beyond low-Earth orbit.

A portion of the video could not be sent back live because of the communications blackout that always occurs during reentry when the superheated plasma surrounds the vehicle as it endures peak heating up to 4000 F (2200 C) and prevents data downlink. Video footage shows the plasma created by the interaction change from white to yellow to lavender to magenta as the temperature increases.

The on-board cameras continued to operate all the way through the 10 minute reentry period to unfurling of the drogue and three main parachutes and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean at 11:29 a.m. EST at about 20 mph.

The Orion EFT-1 spacecraft was recovered from the Pacific by a combined team from NASA, the U.S. Navy, and Orion prime contractor Lockheed Martin and safely towed into the flooded well deck of the USS Anchorage.

It was brought to shore andoff-loaded from the USS Anchorageat US Naval Base San Diego.

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NASA releases 'astronaut's-eye view' of Orion capsule's fiery reentry

The capsule, designed to bring humans farther into space than ever before, conducted its first unmanned test flight on Dec. 5

NASA's first Orion space capsulewhich made its spaceflight debut at the beginning of this monthhas returned to Florida after more than a week in transit. Credit: NASA Twitter

NASA's first Orion space capsulewhich made its spaceflight debut at the beginning of this monthhas returned to Florida after more than a week in transit.

The capsule, designed to bring humans farther into space than ever before, flew to space for its first unmanned test flight on Dec. 5 from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The spacecraft then splashed down in the Pacific Ocean about 4.5 hours later, when the U.S. Navy retrieved it and towed it into port in San Diego. Orion then went on a cross-country road trip that ultimately brought it back to Kennedy Space Center today (Dec. 18).

Orion's test flight was designed to be rigorous, stressing many of its systems that could one day be used for crewed missions to deep-space destinations like Mars. NASA officials want to examine the flown capsule to see exactly how it stood up to the extreme space environment during its launch, two orbits of Earth, re-entry and splashdown. [Orion's 1st Test Flight: Complete Coverage]

"The flight itself was such a great success, but that's only the beginning of the story," Orion Program Manager Mark Geyer said in a statement. "Now, we get to dig in and really find out if our design performed like we thought it would. This is why we flew the flight. We demonstrated on Dec. 5 that Orion is a very capable vehicle. Now, we're going to keep testing and improving as we begin building the next Orion."

Orion's test earlier this month marked the first time a spacecraft built for humans has flown beyond low-Earth orbit in more than 40 years. The spacecraft is also the first capsule built by NASA designed to take humans to Mars. Space agency officials hope that, one day, Orion could be part of a system that takes astronauts to and from the Red Planet or other destinations like an asteroid.

The capsule flew about 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) above Earth's surface during its highest point in orbit. It then started plummeting back to Earth. The spacecraft's huge heat shield seemed to stand up to the extreme heat produced when the capsule came back through the planet's atmosphere, and its parachutes seemed to function well, NASA scientists said.

"Orion's flight test was a critical step on our journey to send astronauts to explore deep-space destinations," Bill Hill, NASA's deputy associate administrator for exploration systems development, said in the same statement. "We stressed Orion to help us evaluate its performance and validate our computer models and ground-based evaluations, and the information we gathered will help us improve Orion's design going forward."

Follow Miriam Kramer @mirikramer. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebookand Google+. Original article on Space.com.

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NASA Orion Space Capsule Back in Florida After Test Flight

Washington Its been done in Star Wars living at a planet by floating above it. Now NASA researchers have proposed the concept in real life.

And the planet they have in mind is not so far, far away.

Its actually Earths closest neighbor, Venus.

Some scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration propose sending people there to help study the atmosphere while flying among the clouds in a dirigible.

Although Venus isnt a hospitable place to land, the scientists make a case that the planet should be part of humanitys future in space.

"The atmosphere of Venus is an exciting destination for both further scientific study and future human exploration, says Christopher Jones of NASAs Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate, in a summary document shared by the space agency. The environment at 50 km [about 31 miles above the surface] is relatively benign, with similar pressure, density, gravity, and radiation protection to the surface of Earth.

Mr. Jones describes the mission as rich in atmospheric research, but also as part of a multi-phase campaign to explore and potentially settle Venus.

Settle Venus? Where ground temperatures are currently in excess of 800 degrees Fahrenheit?

OK, this is where the analogy to Cloud City in the Star Wars movies comes in.

In "The Empire Strikes Back," Cloud City was suspended above the planet Bespin, and film audiences suspended their disbelief as city leader Lando Calrissian (Billie Dee Williams) gave a hard time to interstellar jet jockey Han Solo (Harrison Ford).

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NASA mulls plan to explore Venus with 'Cloud City' (+video)

Washington Its been done in Star Wars living at a planet by floating above it. Now NASA researchers have proposed the concept in real life.

And the planet they have in mind is not so far, far away.

Its actually Earths closest neighbor, Venus.

Some scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration propose sending people there to help study the atmosphere while flying among the clouds in a dirigible.

Although Venus isnt a hospitable place to land, the scientists make a case that the planet should be part of humanitys future in space.

"The atmosphere of Venus is an exciting destination for both further scientific study and future human exploration, says Christopher Jones of NASAs Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate, in a summary document shared by the space agency. The environment at 50 km [about 31 miles above the surface] is relatively benign, with similar pressure, density, gravity, and radiation protection to the surface of Earth.

Mr. Jones describes the mission as rich in atmospheric research, but also as part of a multi-phase campaign to explore and potentially settle Venus.

Settle Venus? Where ground temperatures are currently in excess of 800 degrees Fahrenheit?

OK, this is where the analogy to Cloud City in the Star Wars movies comes in.

In "The Empire Strikes Back," Cloud City was suspended above the planet Bespin, and film audiences suspended their disbelief as city leader Lando Calrissian (Billie Dee Williams) gave a hard time to interstellar jet jockey Han Solo (Harrison Ford).

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NASA mulls plan to explore Venus with 'Cloud City'

A NASA video lets you virtually peer out the window of the Orion spacecraft as it plummets to Earth at speeds up to 20,000 mph.

As you watch, you will see what an astronaut might see if she was ensconced in the capsule after traveling 3,600 miles from Earth.

The video was shot on Dec. 5, during an unmanned test flight that took the spacecraft around the planet twice. The flight was recorded by three video cameras positioned at the side and back windows of the spacecraft's crew module.

This particular video features the last 10 minutes of Orion's 4.5-hour journey to space. It begins just as the spacecraft reenters the Earth's atmosphere. The video ends when Orion lands with a splash in the Pacific Ocean off Baja California.

About 26 seconds into the video there is a dazzling light show in shades of white, yellow, lavender and magenta. The colors are caused by super-heated gas, or plasma, that gets created by the friction between the speeding spacecraft and the gases on the outer edge of our planet. The different colors are caused by increases and decreases in the temperature.

On this test flight, the plasma around the spacecraft got up to 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit. An astronaut inside the capsule might notice the temperature start to climb a bit, but powerful heat shields on the outside of the spacecraft keep cabin temperatures from getting any higher than about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, said Brandi Dean, a NASA spokeswoman.

If the spacecraft were returning to Earth from Mars, however, it would be moving even faster, causing the gas around it to get up to 8,000 degrees Fahrenheit or more.

"There would be some modifications to the current heat shield, but Orion was designed with future deep-space missions in mind," Dean said.

After the light show is over (at about 2:28 into the video) there is a peaceful interlude when nothing much happens. You can see the curvature of the blue Earth meeting the dark black of space as the spacecraft glides across the planet. If this is boring to you, or you don't have much time, you can skip to 5:28, when the first of a series of parachutes start to deploy. The parachutes are attached to the heat shield, which detaches from the spacecraft before landing.

At 5:37, the drogue parachutes deploy. They look like daisies. At 6:34 into the video, these are cut away, and the main parachutes take over. They look like peppermint candies. In the last seconds of the video, you can see the spacecraft landing successfully in the ocean.

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Video: Falling to Earth aboard NASA's Orion spacecraft

Whats the sun got in common with distant black holes? Well, at first glance, not a lot. But as this psychedelic solar portrait shows, there is one trait that the sun and black holes do have in common the emission of high-energy X-rays.

Now NASAs Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, has turned its gaze from distant black holes and focused on our sun, producing the most sensitive measurement of high-energy solar X-rays ever achieved.

GALLERY: NuSTAR Probes a Spinning Black Hole

Long before NuSTAR was even launched in 2012, solar physicist David Smith, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, approached the NASA NuSTAR mission team to request that the space telescope spend some of its observing time looking toward our nearest star.

Shifting focus from the high-energy X-rays generated by supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies millions of light-years away to the sun may seem strange, but only NuSTAR has the capability of sensing the faint high-energy X-ray flashes generated by small-scale solar flares known as nanoflares deep inside the suns atmosphere, or corona.

At first I thought the whole idea was crazy, said NuSTAR principal investigator Fiona Harrison of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. Why would we have the most sensitive high energy X-ray telescope ever built, designed to peer deep into the universe, look at something in our own back yard?

ANALYSIS: Monster Waves Behind Suns Coronal Heating Mystery?

Staring at the sun is as an unhealthy proposition for space telescopes as it is for the human eye. NASAs Chandra X-ray space telescope, for example, would be blinded if it turned its gaze toward the sun as our nearest star generates a broad spectrum of lower-energy X-rays. But NuSTAR is unique in that it only detects the highest energy X-rays (and doesn't see the low-energy X-rays Chandra is sensitive to) that are generated by powerful relativistic processes surrounding black holes.

And it is high-energy X-rays, which the sun very weakly radiates, that Smith is interested in. But why?

Solar physicists and space weather forecasters have been puzzled for decades as to why the suns corona is so hot. On comparison with the suns surface the photosphere which has a temperature of a few thousand degrees Fahrenheit, the corona is (on average) 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit (1 million Kelvin). That doesnt make sense in our everyday experience; it would be like the air surrounding a light bulb being hotter than the bulbs glass, a situation that completely violates basic thermodynamic laws normally it gets cooler the further you step away from a heat source, not hotter!

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NASA's Black Hole X-Ray Hunter Could Solve Solar Mystery

Challenge to NASA-Kambi Rajpuria Official Video
Sangha.

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Challenge to NASA-Kambi Rajpuria Official Video - Video

Moon anomalies No NASA censorship
Video recorded by John Lenard Walson #39;s Copyright of John Lenard Walson #39;s.

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How NASA sees the holiday lights from space.
Story at http://www.viralspell.com/to-celebrate-fifteen-years-of-earth-observing-satellites-nasa-releases-15-incredible-images-they-took-of-our-planet-wow/.

By: Viral Spell

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How NASA sees the holiday lights from space. - Video

NASA plant Stadt in den Wolken Curiosity findet organisches Methan - Clixoom Top 5 News
Die NASA plant eine fliegende Stadt in den Wolken, Curiosity findet organisches Methan auf dem Mars und eine Frau steuert einen Roboter nur mit ihren Gedanken! Das sind drei der fnf Themen...

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NASA plant Stadt in den Wolken & Curiosity findet organisches Methan - Clixoom Top 5 News - Video

Astronauts Eye View of NASAs Orion Spacecraft Re entry
NASA video showing an "astronaut #39;s view" of what a person riding the Orion spacecraft during its Dec. 5, 2014 Exploration Flight Test 1 mission would have seen.

By: SpaceFlight Insider - Official Page

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Astronauts Eye View of NASAs Orion Spacecraft Re entry - Video

NASA/AGU, Colorado River release

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NASA/AGU, Colorado River release - Video

Space: See NASA #39;s Orion spacecraft hurtle through Earth #39;s atmosphere
NASA #39;s Orion multi-purpose crew vehicle (MPCV) spacecraft, designed to facilitate human exploration of asteroids and Mars, completed a 4.5 hour test flight December 5, with cameras on board...

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Space: See NASA's Orion spacecraft hurtle through Earth's atmosphere - Video

NASAs Orion Spacecraft Re-entry at 20,000 MPH: A Space Odyssey
This is what an astronaut would see out the window during re-entry: A roiling mass of plasma. Passengers will be pulling 8.2 Gs and will weigh about a 1000 pounds. Imagine an elephant on your...

By: M. Peter Selman

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NASAs Orion Spacecraft Re-entry at 20,000 MPH: A Space Odyssey - Video

Rising on a tongue of flame and easing to a gentle splashdown in the Pacific Ocean nearly 4-1/2 hours later, the National Aeronautics and Space Administrations newest spaceship for human exploration made its debut earlier this month in a virtually flawless initial test flight.

Dubbed Orion, the craft has been hailed as NASAs first step toward putting humans on Mars by the 2030s. Indeed, its purpose is to reinvigorate the agencys human spaceflight program in the post-shuttle era.

But look deeper at Orions potential path to Mars, and the assumptions surrounding it, and the way ahead appears to be littered with question marks.

What will Orion do before then? Will it make enough flights to justify the program? Are NASA budgets big enough to develop the technologies needed for interim missions, let alone realistically fund a trip to Mars? In a time of fiscal austerity, will subsequent presidents and Congresses even want to make that commitment?

Since the last American set boots on the moon in 1972, politicians and NASA officials have struggled with a stubborn question: What now? The money needed to send humans to intriguing places beyond low-Earth orbit is, well, astronomical. The fall of the Soviet Union made it harder politically to justify such big budgets for human spaceflight.

Orion and its goal of a journey to Mars give NASA a fresh start. And the agency is already applying lessons learned from the recent past, looping in other countries to help pick up the tab for the spacecraft.

But the question remains: Can NASA execute a human space-exploration program on tight budgets? With Mars rovers and probes sent to the outer solar system, NASA has worked wonders with its unmanned missions. In many ways, Orion and the journey to Mars represent a test of whether the agency can do the same with its manned-exploration program.

On the plus side, Americas astronaut corps appears to be excited again.

I think youd be hard-pressed to find an astronaut past, present, or future who wouldnt love to fly in Orion, said Rex Walheim, a space shuttle mission specialist and an astronaut liaison to the team building the craft, following the Dec. 5 test flight. This is the true exploration that we live for.

But NASAs current plans for human exploration of space could span six presidential elections and a dozen sessions of Congress. How solid or consistent will Washingtons willingness to send astronauts on deep-space exploration missions be?

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Can NASA's Orion program reinvigorate human spaceflight? (+video)

Venus exploration has been deemed off-limits due to its inhospitable climate -- but NASA believes Cloud City may be the answer.

Artistic concept of the permanent city. NASA Langley Research Center

A number of agencies, including, of course, NASA, are focusing solar system exploration efforts on Mars. At first glance, though, Mars doesn't really seem like the best candidate. Venus is much closer -- at a distance that ranges between 38 million kilometres and 261 million kilometres, compared to Mars' 56 million to 401 million kilometres, it's Earth's closest neighbour.

It's also comparable in size to Earth -- a radius of 6,052km to Earth's 6,371 -- and has similar density and chemical composition.

But everything else about it makes it almost utterly unvisitable. While probes have been sent to the planet's surface, they lasted, at most, just two hours before surface conditions on Venus destroyed them. These conditions include an atmospheric pressure up to 92 times greater than Earth's; a mean temperature of 462 degrees Celsius (863 degrees Fahrenheit); extreme volcanic activity; an extremely dense atmosphere consisting mostly of carbon dioxide, with a small amount of nitrogen; and a cloud layer made up of sulphuric acid.

In short, Venus? Not a top holiday destination, really.

NASA thinks it might have a solution that will allow sending humans up to check it out, though: Cloud City.

The High Altitude Venus Operational Concept -- HAVOC -- is a conceptual spacecraft designed by a team at the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center for the purposes of Venusian exploration. This lighter-than-air rocket would be designed to sit above the acidic clouds for a period of around 30 days, allowing a team of astronauts to collect data about the planet's atmosphere.

While the surface of Venus would destroy a human, hovering above its clouds at an altitude of around 50 kilometres (30 miles) is a set of conditions similar to Earth. Its atmospheric pressure is comparable, and gravity is only slightly lower -- which would allow longer-term stays, effectively eliminating the ailments that occur during long-term stays in zero G. Temperature is about 75 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than is strictly comfortable, but would still be manageable. Finally, the atmosphere at that altitude offers protection from solar radiation comparable to living in Canada.

Artist's concept of the cockpit of the crewed zeppelin. NASA Langley Research Center

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NASA wants to build a floating city above the clouds of Venus

Washington: NASA plans to send solar-powered airships to explore Venus' atmosphere and to eventually establish a permanent human colony in a floating cloud city above the Earth's nearest planetary neighbour.

Dale Arney and Chris Jones, from the Space Mission Analysis Branch of NASA's Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at Langley Research Center, in Virginia, have proposed that it may make sense to go to Venus before we ever send humans to Mars.

NASA's High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC) mission aims to explore the atmosphere of Venus instead of exploring the surface.

At 50 kilometres above its surface, Venus offers one atmosphere of pressure and only slightly lower gravity than Earth.

Astronauts would also be protected from radiation in Venus's atmosphere, researchers said. The planet's proximity to the Sun provides it 40 per cent more solar power than the Earth gets, and 240 per cent more than that seen on Mars.

Since the orbits of Venus and Earth align over time, a crewed mission to Venus would take a total of 440 days using existing or very near-term propulsion technology, 'IEEE' reported.

But getting to Mars and back using the same propulsive technology would involve more than 500 days in space at a minimum.

HAVOC involves a series of missions, including a robotic mission first and then a crewed mission to Venus orbit with a stay of 30 days, and then a mission that includes a 30-day atmospheric stay.

Later missions would have a crew of two spend a year in the atmosphere, and eventually there would be a permanent human presence there in a floating cloud city.

A helium-filled, solar-powered airship would explore the planet's atmosphere. The robotic version would be 31 metres long while the crewed version would be nearly 130 metres long.

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NASA Plans Airships, Floating City for Manned Venus Mission

Orion Spacecraft Returns to NASAs Kennedy Space Center
NASA #39;s Orion spacecraft returned to the agency #39;s Kennedy Space Center in Florida Dec. 18, 2014. The spacecraft flew to an altitude of 3600 miles in space during a Dec. 5 flight test designed...

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Orion Spacecraft Returns to NASAs Kennedy Space Center - Video