NASA sees heaviest rainfall north of Tropical Cyclone Kate's eye

IMAGE:The TRMM satellite flew over Kate on Dec. 30, 2015 at 0542 UTC. Kate was generating heavy rain (1.2 inches per hour) north of the center (in red). TRMM data... view more

As Tropical Cyclone Kate continues moving southwest through the Southern Indian Ocean, NASA/JAXA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission or TRMM satellite passed overhead on Dec. 30 and measured the rainfall rates happening throughout the storm. Kate had strengthened since Dec. 29 and developed an eye.

The TRMM satellite flew over Kate on Dec. 30, 2015 at 0542 UTC (12:42 a.m. EST/U.S.). TRMM found that Kate was generating the heaviest rainfall rate of about 1.2 inches per hour north of the center as the storm strengthened. TRMM data showed that rainfall rates around 1 inch per hour circled the center of the storm, with weaker rainfall rates in the southeastern quadrant of the storm.

At the Naval Research Laboratory, the TRMM rainfall rate data was overlaid on visible imagery from Europe's METEO-7 satellite to provide an entire picture of the storm that showed the rainfall and clouds. The METEO-7 satellite data showed that Kate maintained a circular shape and had a large band of thunderstorms wrapping into the center from the western quadrant.

At 1500 UTC (10 a.m. EST) on Dec. 30, Tropical Cyclone Kate's winds had increased to 105 knots (120.8 mph/194.5 kph). Kate's cloud-filled 5 nautical-mile-wide (5.7 mile/9.2 km) eye was centered near 8.2 south latitude and 89.1 east longitude, about 555 nautical miles (639 miles/1,029 km) south-southwest of Cocos Island, Australia. It was moving to the south-southwest at 10 knots (11.5 mph/18.5 kph).

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted that Kate will continue to track around the southwestern edge of a subtropical ridge (elongated area) of high pressure that is situated over Western Australia. JTWC forecasters expect Kate to begin weakening as it moves through cooler waters in the next couple of days, and dissipate within four days.

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Rob Gutro NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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NASA sees heaviest rainfall north of Tropical Cyclone Kate's eye

NASA Education Express Message — Dec. 30, 2014

Space Shuttle Thermal Protective Tiles Available for Educational UseNASA invites eligible U.S. educational institutions and museums to request space shuttle thermal protective tiles and other special items offered on a first-come, first-served basis while quantities last. Organizations previously allocated thermal protective tiles may request an additional three tiles.There will be a nominal shipping fee that must be paid online with a credit card. To make a request for special items online, visithttp://gsaxcess.gov/htm/nasa/userguide/Special_Item_Request_Procedure.pdf.Questions about this opportunity should be directed toGSAXcessHelp@gsa.gov.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2014-2015 FIRST Robotic CompetitionsThe FIRST Robotics Competition challenges teams of young people and their mentors to create a robot designed to solve a common problem in a six-week timeframe. Teams experience the entire engineering life cycle while building robots to compete in games that change every year. FIRST Robotics Competition teams are composed of high school students, with professional engineers acting as mentors. Additional FIRST programs are available for students of ages 6-18.FIRST is a national organization founded in 1989 by inventor Dean Kamen in Manchester, New Hampshire, to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and technical fields.The FRC Kickoff, the official start of the FIRST Robotics Competition design-and-build season, is set forJan. 3, 2015. Teams have the opportunity to meet at local kickoff events to compare notes, get ideas, make friends, find mentoring teams, learn the game, pick up the Kit of Parts and get geared up for the exciting competition season. To find kickoff events in your area, visithttp://www.usfirst.org/roboticsprograms/frc/kickoff.For more information about FIRST Robotics and to register your team to participate, visithttp://www.usfirst.org/.Questions about FIRST Robotics should be submitted viahttp://www.usfirst.org/contactform.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2015 NASA and Worcester Polytechnic Institute Sample Return Robot ChallengeNASA and the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts, are seeking teams to compete in a robot technology demonstration competition with a potential $1.5 million prize purse.During the Sample Return Robot Challenge, teams will compete to demonstrate a robot that can locate and retrieve geologic samples from a wide and varied terrain without human control. The objective of the competition is to encourage innovations in automatic navigation and robotic manipulator technologies. Innovations stemming from this challenge may improve NASA's capability to explore a variety of destinations in space, as well as enhance the nation's robotic technology for use in industries and applications on Earth.The competition is planned for June 8-13, 2015, in Worcester, and is anticipated to attract hundreds of competitors from industry and academia nationwide.Registration is open untilJan. 6, 2015.For more information about the Sample Return Robot Challenge and to register online for the competition, visithttp://challenge.wpi.edu.The Centennial Challenges program is part of NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate, which is innovating, developing, testing and flying hardware for use in NASA's future missions. For more information about NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate, visithttp://www.nasa.gov/spacetech.Questions about the Sample Return Robot Challenge should be sent tochallenge@wpi.edu.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2015 NASA Human Exploration Rover ChallengeNASA has opened team registration for the 2015 NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge. Organized by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, the event will be held April 16-18, 2015, at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, also in Huntsville.The challenge engages high school, college and university students in hands-on, experiential learning activities, while also testing potential technologies needed for future deep space exploration. Both U.S. and international teams may register to participate. For U.S. teams, registration closesFeb. 6, 2015. Registration for international teams closesJan. 9, 2015.Student teams participating in the Rover Challenge must design, engineer and test a human-powered rover on a mock course designed to simulate the harsh and demanding terrains future NASA explorers may find on distant planets, moons and asteroids.For more information on the 2015 Human Exploration Rover Challenge and registration, visithttp://go.nasa.gov/14dikMF.

Follow the Rover Challenge on social media for the latest news and updates:https://www.facebook.com/roverchallenge?ref=hlhttps://twitter.com/RoverChallengehttp://instagram.com/nasa_marshall.

View images from the 2014 Rover Challenge athttp://go.nasa.gov/1iEjGRp.International teams with questions about this event or registration may email Amy McDowell atAmy.McDowell@nasa.gov. U.S. teams with questions may contact Diedra Williams atMSFC-RoverChallenge2015@mail.nasa.gov.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2015 RASC-AL Aerospace Concepts Design CompetitionNASA and the National Institute of Aerospace announce the 2015 Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts-Academic Linkage, or RASC-AL, Aerospace Concepts competition. RASC-AL is a design project competition for university-level engineering students and faculty.The 2015 RASC-AL contest challenges participants to design projects based on real NASA problems, responding to one of four themes:-- Earth-Independent Mars Pioneering Architecture-- Earth-Independent Lunar Pioneering Architecture-- Mars' Moons Prospector Mission-- Large-Scale Mars Entry, Decent and Landing Pathfinder MissionConcepts derived from the design projects could potentially be implemented by NASA.Teams must submit an abstract for their proposed project byJan. 11, 2015. The RASC-AL Steering Committee of NASA and industry experts will evaluate the proposals and select as many as 11 undergraduate and five graduate teams to compete against each other at a forum in June 2015 in Florida.The RASC-AL competition is open to full-time undergraduate or graduate students majoring in engineering or science at an accredited university. University design teams must include one faculty or industry advisor with a university affiliation and two or more undergraduate or graduate students. A group of universities may also collaborate on a design project entry. Multidisciplinary teams are encouraged.For more information about this competition, visithttp://nianet.org/RASCAL.If you have questions about this competition, please contact Stacy Dees atstacy.dees@nianet.orgor Shelley Spears atShelley.Spears@nianet.org.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2014-2015 NASA Goddard OPTIMUS PRIME Spinoff ChallengeNASA's Goddard Space Flight Center is launching the 2014-2015 TRANSFORMERS OPTIMUS PRIME Spinoff Challenge, hosted by the Innovative Technology Partnerships Office. The purpose of the challenge is to raise awareness of NASA's Technology Transfer Program and to inspire interest in all NASA missions, programs and projects.This year the scope of the contest is being expanded to include two challenges. In the first challenge, students in grades 3-12 are asked to submit a video describing their favorite NASA Goddard spinoff. In a new twist, participants in this years contest must also use the engineering design process to develop and propose a new spinoff application of their own for the technology. Spinoffs are technologies originally created for space and modified into everyday products used on Earth. Examples include memory foam, invisible braces and scratch-resistant lenses for eyeglasses.The second challenge, the TRANSFORMERS OPTIMUS PRIME InWorld Challenge, offers students in grades 6-12 an opportunity to take their video spinoff ideas to another level. Interested teams must study James Webb Space Telescope spinoff technology and post their completed spinoff videos for review by college engineering students. Engineering college mentors will select 20 teams to continue the collaborative design process within a multiuser virtual world to build a 3-D model of the teams design solutions.Winning students from each grade category will be invited to Goddard to participate in a behind-the-scenes workshop, attend a VIP awards ceremony and meet actor Peter Cullen, the voice of OPTIMUS PRIME.The deadline to register and upload videos isJan. 12, 2015.For more information, visithttp://itpo.gsfc.nasa.gov/optimus/.Questions about this contest should be directed to Darryl Mitchell atDarryl.R.Mitchell@nasa.gov.TRANSFORMERS and OPTIMUS PRIME are trademarks of Hasbro and are used with permission. 2014 Hasbro. All rights reserved.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Free Program -- Cubes in SpaceTMidoodlelearning is offering two flight opportunities as part of the Cubes in Space program. A free science, technology, engineering, the arts and mathematics, or STEAM, program for students ages 11-18, Cubes in Space provides opportunities for students to design and compete to launch experiments into space.In partnership with Colorado Space Grant Consortium as part of the RockSat-C program, experiments will be launched via a sounding rocket from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, in late June 2015. This opportunity is open to U.S. and international students 11-14 years of age.Through partnership with NASA Langley Research Center, a second flight opportunity is offered on a zero-pressure scientific balloon to be launched from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico, in September 2015. The Science Missions Directorate Astrophysics division manages the NASA scientific balloon program; Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia oversees Balloon Flight Operations. This opportunity is open to students 11-18 years of age who are U.S. citizens.Using formal or informal learning environments, students and educators will learn about the methodology for taking an idea from design through the review process. Throughout the experience, students will acquire key 21st century skills necessary for success in a highly connected, global society.The deadline for program registration isJan. 12, 2015.For more information, visithttp://www.CubesInSpace.com.Questions about this program should be directed toinfo@cubesinspace.com.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Apply for the 2015 Summer NASA Academies -- WebinarThe NASA Minority Innovation Challenges Institute, or MICI, is hosting a special webinar onJan. 15, 2015, at 3 p.m. EST, which will provide undergraduate students details on how they can apply for admission into a 2015 NASA Summer Academy. The NASA Academy is not a 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. summer research internship program. It is a rigorous, immersive 10-week experience that will challenge the participants and push them outside their comfort zones. It offers interns an intense learning experience. The NASA Academies at NASA centers have different areas of focus, including space, aerospace, robotics, aeronautics and propulsion.The NASA Academy curriculum combines a valuable research experience with a residential leadership development experience. Academy participants, known as research associates, or RAs, spend four days per week working full time on an individual research project with a NASA scientist or engineer, called their principal investigator. These projects offer a challenging learning experience in which the RAs do hands-on research side by side with their mentors. Projects are typically cutting-edge topics that teach the RAs about the latest in NASA research and development. The RAs demonstrate the progress of their research in the annual Intern Poster Expo. The academies conclude with final oral presentations and a graduate ceremony.To sign up for this webinar, and gain access to MICI's other free webinars, visithttp://nasamici.com/upcoming-sessions.Questions about this opportunity should be directed to Mary Baker atmary@nasamici.com.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NASA's ESTEEM "Ask US" Online Professional Development SeriesNASA's Minority University Research and Education Program, or MUREP, is sponsoring a series of Google Plus Hangout professional development events for K-12 educators. The Earth Systems, Technology and Energy Education for MUREP, or ESTEEM, team will lead monthly sessions covering a variety of climate topics. This month's webinar topic is:Communicating Climate Change: Mind the Gap -- Jan. 15, 2015, at 4:30 p.m. ESTAlthough 97 percent of active climate scientists agree that the earth is warming due to human activities, some polls have found that only 44 percent of Americans share this view. As an educator, you are likely to encounter people who have received information that conflicts with the accepted climate science. This session will help you better understand Americans' perceptions of climate change and provide tips for better communicating climate science.Certificates of professional development hours are available upon request.For more information on this event and upcoming webinar sessions, visithttps://nice.larc.nasa.gov/asknice/. Questions about this series should be sent to Bonnie Murray atbonnie.murray@nasa.gov.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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NASA Education Express Message -- Dec. 30, 2014

NASA sees a weaker Tropical Depression Jangmi slide into Sulu Sea

IMAGE:When NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Jangmi on Dec. 30 at 12:50 a.m. EST the center of the storm had moved into the Sulu Sea, located to the west of... view more

Credit: Image Credit: NASA/NRL

Tropical storm Jangmi, known in the Philippines as "Seniang" weakened to a tropical depression as it moved into the Sulu Sea and NASA's Aqua satellite captured an image of the storm that showed its eastern side was still affecting the central and northern Philippines on Dec. 30.

When NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Jangmi on Dec. 30 at 5:50 UTC (12:50 a.m. EST), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument, took a visible picture of the storm. The MODIS image showed that the center of the storm had moved into the Sulu Sea, located to the west of the Philippines, but the storm's eastern quadrant was still spreading clouds, rains and gusty winds over the Visayas and Luzon regions (central and northern) of the Philippines.

By 1500 UTC (10 a.m. EST) Jangmi's maximum sustained winds dropped to 30 knots (35.5 mph/55.5 kph). However, once it passes Palawan, forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center expect Jangmi to re-strengthen into a tropical storm for a couple of days before weakening again. Jangmi was centered near 9.9 north latitude and 120.0 east longitude, about 95 nautical miles (109.3 miles/175.9 km) northeast of Puerto Princesa, Philippines. It was moving to the west-southwest at 8 knots (9.2 mph/14.8 kph).

Jangmi is expected to continue moving toward Palawan, and into the South China Sea. The extended forecast track takes the storm to landfall in the Malayan peninsula by January 4, 2015.

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Rob Gutro NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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NASA sees a weaker Tropical Depression Jangmi slide into Sulu Sea

UFO, ALIENS : THE HIDDEN TRUTH NASA 2015 New Evidence We Are Not Alone ! – Video


UFO, ALIENS : THE HIDDEN TRUTH NASA 2015 New Evidence We Are Not Alone !
An unidentified flying object, or UFO, in its most general definition, is any apparent anomaly in the sky that is not identifiable as a known object or phenomenon. Such anomalies may later...

By: Discovery HD

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UFO, ALIENS : THE HIDDEN TRUTH NASA 2015 New Evidence We Are Not Alone ! - Video

NASA launches next-generation scientific balloon

COSI collaboration/NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility

The blackness of space was visible above Mount Erebus, on Antarctica's Ross Island, as the COSI mission climbed attached to a helium balloon.

NASA has launched its most ambitious scientific balloon ever. On 28 December at 21:16 London time, technicians inflated and released a 532,000-cubic-metre aerostatic balloon from near McMurdo Station in Antarctica. It is the biggest test yet of a 'super-pressure' design that enables a balloon to stay aloft much longer than a conventional scientific balloon.

If all continues smoothly, experts expect the flight to last for 100 days or longer. The current record for the longest NASA scientific ballooning flight is 55 days, using a traditional balloon. The record for a super-pressure balloon is just a day shorter, at 54 days.

More time aloft equals more science. The new super-pressure balloon is carrying a -ray telescope to hunt for high-energy photons streaming from the cosmos. Known as the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI), it can detect where in the sky these rays are coming from, and thus begin to unravel various astronomical mysteries.

COSI is the first science payload designed from scratch to take advantage of NASAs super-pressure technology, says team leader Steven Boggs, an astrophysicist at the University of California, Berkeley. Its predecessors used liquid nitrogen to cool themselves, meaning that the nitrogen ran out in less than 10 days. COSI carries a mechanical cooler that contains nothing to run out of.

COSI collaboration/NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility

The balloon, flanked by a rainbow, as it ascended the Antarctic sky.

The imager stares upward and gathers data through the body of the balloon above it, which is transparent at the -ray energies it studies. It can scan about 50% of the sky overhead during the course of a day.

One of its main goals is to measure polarization in rays streaming from -ray bursts, black holes, pulsars and other cosmic phenomena. The longer it flies, the more data it will be able to gather. The long flight time is key for this study, says Boggs.

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NASA launches next-generation scientific balloon

NASA designs robot for disasters

By Heather Kelly, CNN

The RoboSimian disaster-response robot has four limbs, seven cameras and a LiDAR system.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

(CNN) -- When we imagine the robots of the future, they often look and move like humans, standing up on two legs and using a pair of arms to grab and move objects. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is working on a different kind of robot for disaster response that's designed to move like an ape.

Headless but covered with seven cameras that act as "eyes," the RobotSimian has four identical limbs that do double duty as arms and legs. Together, they ably move the robot across rough terrain and rubble but can also pick up and manipulate objects. It has wheels it can coast on if the surface is smooth enough.

The RoboSimian is JPL's final entry into the DARPA Robotics Challenge, a 27-month-long competition among some of the world's top robotic talent to create an emergency response robot. In situations such as a nuclear disaster, one of these robots could go into environments too dangerous for human rescue workers and execute simple tasks such as lifting debris off survivors or turning off a valve.

In June, RoboSimian and up to 18 other finalists will have to make their way through an obstacle course that simulates eight common scenarios. Each robot will attempt to drive a car, move across rubble, use a tool and climb stairs, all without a human controlling it. DARPA says the final competitors should be as competent as a 2-year-old child. The winning team will receive a $2 million prize.

JPL used leftover parts from RoboSimian to create another robot called Surrogate. The more traditional upright robot has a flexible spine, head and two arms. While better at manipulating objects, Surrogate ran on tracks and wasn't as adept at traversing the complicated terrain that is common in a disaster. After considering both candidates, the team decided to take RoboSimian to the finals.

One trade-off is that RoboSiman is slower than many other competitors. JPL's team is working with the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Caltech to increase the robot's walking speed.

"It is intentionally the tortoise relative to the other hares in the competition.We feel that a very stable and deliberate approach suites our technical strengths and provides a model for one vital element of the 'ecosystem' of robots that we expect to be deployed to disaster scenarios in the future," said JPL's Brett Kennedy, who is supervisor of the Robotic Vehicles and Manipulators Group.

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NASA designs robot for disasters

NASA Updates Pre-Launch Briefings for Upcoming Resupply Mission to Space Station

The fifth SpaceX cargo mission to the International Space Station (ISS) under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services contract now is scheduled to launch about 6:18 a.m. EST Tuesday, Jan. 6, from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. NASA Television coverage of the launch begins at 5 a.m.

The new launch date will provide SpaceX engineers time to investigate further issues that arose from a static fire test of the Falcon 9 rocket on Dec. 16, and will ensure proper sun angles for thermal and operational conditions to berth Dragon.

The prelaunch news conferences also have moved to Monday, Jan. 5, at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. All briefings, which are subject to a change in time, will air live on NASA TV and the agency's website.

The first briefing of the day will air at noon and cover the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) Earth science instrument headed to the space station. Participants for this briefing will be:

Julie Robinson, ISS Program chief scientist at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston

Colleen Hartman, deputy director for science at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland

Robert J. Swap, program scientist with the Earth Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington

Matthew McGill, CATS principal investigator at Goddard

The second briefing will air at 1:30 p.m. and cover some of the numerous science investigations headed to the space station. Participants for the science briefing will be:

Julie Robinson, NASAs ISS Program chief scientist

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NASA Updates Pre-Launch Briefings for Upcoming Resupply Mission to Space Station

NASA Langley aims for younger workforce

This isn't your grandfather's NASA.

That's the gist of a growing push at the space agency as a whole, and at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton in particular, to get more peach fuzz among the grizzled veterans of its workforce.

In fact, NASA Langley just took a good hard look at its civil service employees and found that more than 85 percent of them are older than 40, with an average age of 50.

The center has about 3,500 employees in all, but just more than half are civil servants directly hired and the rest employed by private companies but contracted to NASA.

As older civil servants retire during the next several years and tight budgets continue to hamper hiring, the center says it wants to use this as an opportunity to transform itself by better defining where it wants to go and what skill sets it needs to get there.

"What the center has done is to develop an emerging skills list that we can use to guide hiring," said John Costulis, head of the center's new Workforce Management and Policy Office. "Since we have limited ability to hire people, new hire requests are reviewed by top management to make sure the employees' skills meet future requirements and Langley priorities."

NASA Langley has a hand in a wide range of research projects, from aeronautics to space exploration to Earth science. It's expanding its work in advanced composite materials for aircraft and spacecraft structures, for instance, and in deep-space exploration technologies.

The center has already begun targeting younger talent, and in the past year increased the number of civil servant employees younger than 40 by 5 percent. The current total stands at 18 percent, but NASA Langley said its goal is to bump that to 30 percent.

It has several avenues to accomplish that, including Pathways programs that offer college students and recent graduates a taste of NASA careers. One current opening on NASA's website, for instance, is for a research engineering intern at NASA Langley with a salary range of $44,615 to $75,376.

Kyle Ellis found a path to NASA while an engineering student at the University of Iowa studying the human factors involved in aviation. Lab work led to a 10-week NASA internship in 2008, he said, then to a graduate student research fellowship under what would become the Pathways program.

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NASA Langley aims for younger workforce

NASA spots Tropical Storm Jangmi moving into Sulu Sea

IMAGE:NASA's Aqua satellite captured this image of Tropical Storm Jangmi over the central and southern Philippines on Dec. 29 at 5:05 UTC. view more

Credit: Image Credit: NASA/NRL

NASA's Aqua satellite saw Tropical Storm Jangmi as it moved through the central and southern Philippines on Dec. 29. Jangmi is known locally in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Seniang.

Many warnings remain in effect as Jangmi continues moving west toward the South China Sea. On Dec. 29, public storm warning signal #1 is in effect in the Visayas provinces of Leyte, Southern Leyte, Camotes Island, rest of Cebu, rest of Negros Occidental, Guimaras, southern part of Iloilo and southern part of Antique. The public storm warning #1 is also in effect in the Mindanao provinces of Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte and Sur, Misamis Occidental Zamboanga del Norte and Sur and Sibugay, Agusan del Sur.

The public storm warning signal #2 is in effect in the Visayas provinces of Bohol, Siquijor, Southern Cebu, Negros Oriental, Southern part of Negros Occidental. It is also in effect in the Mindanao provinces of Surigao del Norte, Siargao Island, Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, and the Dinagat Province.

Tropical Storm Jangmi made landfall in northeastern Mindanao, Philippines on Dec. 28 and has moved across the central part of the country. NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Jangmi on Dec. 29 at 05:05 UTC (12:05 a.m. EST) and saw that the storm was over the Visayas (central) and Mindanao (southern) regions of the country. Bands of thunderstorms wrapped into the center from the northeastern and southeastern quadrants stretching back over the Philippine Sea (east of the country).

On Dec. 29 at 1500 UTC (10 a.m. EST), Jangmi had maximum sustained winds near 40 knots. It was moving to the northwest at 9 knots. Jangmi was centered near 10.0 north latitude and 124.2 east longitude, about 352 nautical miles southeast of Manila.

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) looked at animated enhanced infrared satellite imagery and a radar animation from Cebu Station, Philippines that showed Jangmi intensified as it tracked across the Surigao Strait. The low level circulation had become more tightly wrapped and better defined despite a weakening in the bands of thunderstorms as the system made landfall across Bohol Island.

JTWC's forecast on Dec. 29 calls for Jangmi to move in a west-southwesterly direction through the Sulu Sea and over southern Palawan before moving into the South China Sea while maintaining strength as a tropical storm. The current JTWC forecast track takes Jangmi toward the border of southern Thailand and northern Malaysia around January 3, 2015.

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NASA spots Tropical Storm Jangmi moving into Sulu Sea

NASA's Aqua satellite sees Tropical Cyclone Kate in open ocean

IMAGE:NASA's Aqua satellite captured this image of Kate on Dec. 29 at 8:15 UTC and showed bands of thunderstorms were spiraling into the center of the storm, despite having weakened... view more

Credit: Image Credit: NASA/NRL

Tropical Cyclone Kate peaked in strength on Dec. 28, and NASA's Aqua satellite passed over the storm on Dec. 29 as it began weakening over the open waters of the Southern Indian Ocean.

On Dec. 28 at 2100 UTC (4 p.m. EST) Tropical Cyclone Kate had maximum sustained winds near 70 knots (80.5 mph/120.6 kph). It was centered near 14.6 south latitude and 92.1 east longitude, about 265 nautical miles (305 miles/491 km) west-southwest of Cocos Island.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument aboard Aqua captured a visible picture of Kate as it passed overhead on Dec. 29 at 8:15 UTC (3:15 a.m. EST). The MODIS image showed that bands of thunderstorms were spiraling into the center of the storm, despite having weakened slightly from the previous day.

On Dec. 29 at 9:00 UTC (4 a.m. EST) Tropical Cyclone Kate had maximum sustained winds near 65 knots (74.8 mph/120.4 kph) making Kate a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson wind scale. It was centered near 14.9 south latitude and 91.7 east longitude, about 345 nautical miles (397 miles/638 km) west-southwest of Cocos Island. Kate continued moving away from Cocos Island- and in a southwesterly direction at 4 knots (4.6 mph/7.4 kph).

Satellite imagery also showed that the strongest convection (rising air that forms thunderstorms) continued around the storm's center and weak bands of thunderstorms are wrapping into the center. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted on Dec. 29 that it appeared that an eye feature was trying to form.

The JTWC discussion noted that "upper-level analysis indicates a decreasing environment as moderate to strong (20 to 30 knots) easterly vertical wind shear is offset by good outflow that is beginning to decrease. A tropical cyclone needs good outflow (where winds spread out at the top of the hurricane) to maintain strength. Outflow means that air spreads out over the top of the storm assisting in its development. When outflow is weakened, the storm weakens.

Kate is tracking slowly along the western part of a subtropical ridge of high pressure that is centered over Western Australia and will continue steering the storm in a southwestern direction. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center calls for gradual weakening over the next two days as Kate moves into cooler waters which will cause the system's demise in a couple of days.

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NASA's Aqua satellite sees Tropical Cyclone Kate in open ocean