Ultrasensitive Label-Free Electronic Biochips Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays The potential for low-cost disposable chips for rapid molecular analysis using handheld devices is ideal for space applications. + Read More Bulk Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Growth Carbon nanotubes can play a variety of roles in future space systems, including wiring, high-strength lightweight composite materials, thermal protection and cooling systems and electronics/sensors. + Read More CAD for Miniaturized Electronics and Sensors Computer-aided design of nanoscale devices and sensors is a cost effective way to infuse emerging nanoelectronics technologies in on-board information processing. + Read More Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters We are developing Carbon Nanotube (CNT) field emitters to improve their efficiency and durability. Current densities of ~1A/cm2 have been measured from these emitters. + Read More Nanoengineered Heat Sink Materials Advanced thermal materials will radically improve the performance of devices and instruments such as high-performance computers and high power optical components used in exploration hardware. + Read More Human-Implantable Thermoelectric Devices We are developing thermoelectric power sources that will be able to generate power from even a small temperature gradient, such as temperature variations available internally and externally throughout the human body. + Read More Automatic Program Synthesis for Data Monitors and Classifiers The AutoBayes and AutoFilter program synthesis systems can automatically generate efficient, certified code for data monitors from compact specifications. The tools enable advanced on-board statistical data analysis algorithms and highly flexible ISHM. + Read More Carbon Nanotubes for Removal of Toxic Gases in Life Support Systems Single walled carbon nanotubes can greatly increase the catalytic efficiency and decrease the mass and energy requirements of life support systems on future space missions, allowing new thermal processes for waste management and resource recovery. + Read More Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Gas Detection A nanosensor technology has been developed using nanostructures: single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), combined with a silicon-based microfabrication and micromachining process. + Read More Carbon Nanotubes as Vertical Interconnects A bottom-up approach is developed to integrate vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into nanoscale vertical interconnects, which can conduct much higher currents and enable more layers for Si-based integrated circuit (IC) chips. + Read More Nanoelectronics for Logic and Memory Nanowire-based electronic devices offer great potential to implement future integrated nanoelectronic systems for both on-board computing and information storage. + Read More Nonvolatile Molecular Memory Approaching the limits in miniaturization for ultra-high density, low power consumption media, this capability may enable orders of magnitude increases in on-board data storage capabilities that are compatible with space exploration system resource limitations of mass, power and volume. + Read More Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Space Imaging and Sensing Applications An innovative approach has been developed that combines nanopatterning and nanomaterials synthesis with traditional silicon micromachining technologies for large-scale fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) probe tips. + Read More Nano and Micro Fabrication Process Modeling Development of manufacturable technologies for nanoelectronics and MEMS devices for advanced computing and sensing applications presents significant challenges. + Read More Nanoelectronics for Space Extracting a signal from radiation resistant devices or nanoscale devices for NASA mission is highly challenging. We study the electrode-device contact systematically. + Read More Solid-state Nanopores for Gene Sequencing he objective of this project is to develop a revolutionary device that can sequence single molecules of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, at a rate of a million bases per second by electrophoresis of the charged polymers through a solid-state nanopore channel of molecular dimensions. + Read More Nanoscale Mass Transport and Carbon Nanotube Based Membranes Carbon nanotube based membranes known as buckypaper may be used as filter media for analytical mission instruments or implantable device support for astronaut health monitoring. + Read More Nanotechnology at Ames The Life Sciences Division at NASA Ames Research Center conducts research and development in nanotechnology to address critical life science questions. + Read More Optoelectronics and Nanophotonics Developing smaller, faster, and more efficient lasers, detectors, and sensors through first-principle design, nanoscale engineering, and prototyping for space communications, computing, lidar ranging, and spectroscopic profiling applications. + Read More Plasma Diagnostics A standardized plasma diagnostic reactor, known as the "GEC Cell" is equipped with a wide range of diagnostics for measuring and understanding plasma physics and chemistry for a variety of low temperature plasmas + Read More Thermal, Radiation and Impact Protective Shields (TRIPS) Nanotechnology is providing new concepts for multipurpose shields against the triple threats of Aeroheating during atmospheric entry, Radiation (Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays) and Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) strikes. + Read More

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NASA - Nanotechnology

The Nanotechnology AAS degree program is designed to help prepare students from a broad range of disciplines for careers in fields involving Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is engineering at theatomiclength scale, a size range which until recently was only available to nature. Being able to engineer such small structures opens the door to a multitude of new opportunities in the fields of electronic and semiconductor fabrication technology, micro-technology labs, material science labs, chemical technology, biotechnology, biopharmaceutical technology, and environmental science.

Students will study electronic device and circuit behavior, basic chemistry and fabrication techniques used to create micron and submicron scale structures. Techniques covered include reactive ion etching, metallization, thick and thin film deposition and photolithography.

Graduates will enter the job market with the skills necessary for positions in the following areas:

Upon graduation with an Associate in Applied Science degree in Nanotechnology, the graduate will be qualified in working with the following items and their associated tasks:

Total Degree Credits: 63.0

First Year, Fall Semester NS 100 - Introduction to Nanotechnology Credit Hours: 3 BI 110 - Biology I Credit Hours: 3 BI 115 - Laboratory for BI 110 Credit Hours: 1.5 EL 118 - Electrical Circuits I Credit Hours: 2 EN 110 - College Composition Credit Hours: 3 MT 125 - College Mathematics Credit Hours: 4

First Year, Spring Semester CH 180 - University Chemistry I Credit Hours: 3 CH 181 - Lab for CH 180 Credit Hours: 1.5 MT 126 - College Mathematics II Credit Hours: 4 PH 270 - College Physics I Credit Hours: 4.5 PH 271 - Lab for PH 270 Credit Hours: (Included in the 4.5 credit hours for PH 270) Social Science or Humanities Elective Credit Hours: 3

Second Year, Fall Semester NS 201 - Materials, Safety and Equipment Overview for Nanotechnology Credit Hours: 3 EL 158 - Electrical Circuits II Credit Hours: 3 EL 159 - Lab for EL 158 Credit Hours: 1 PH 272 - College Physics II Credit Hours: 4.5 PH 273 - Lab for PH 272 Credit Hours: (Included in the 4.5 credit hours for PH 272) Approved Elective Credit Hours: 4*

Second Year, Spring Semester NS 202 - Basic Nanotechnology Processes Credit Hours: 3 NS 203 - Characterization of Nanotechnology Structures and Materials Credit Hours: 3 NS 204 - Materials in Nanotechnology Credit Hours: 3 NS 205 - Patterning for Nanotechnology Credit Hours: 3 NS 206 - Vacuum Systems and Nanotechnology Applications Credit Hours: 3

*Approved Electives: BI 230/231 Microbiology and Lab (4 credits); CH 182/183 University Chemistry II and Lab (4.5 credits); EL 154/155 Electronics I and Lab (4 credits); IT 126 Statistical Process Control (3 credits) and IT 210 Industrial Inspection/Metrology(2 credits); MT 143 Introductory Statistics I (4 credits); MT 180 Pre-Calculus Mathematics (4 credits)

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Erie Community College :: Nanotechnology

Nanotechnologythe science and engineering of controlling matter, at the molecular scale, to create devices with novel chemical, physical and/or biological propertieshas the potential to radically change how we diagnose and treat cancer. Although scientists and engineers have only recently (ca. 1980's) developed the ability to industrialize technologies at this scale, there has been good progress in translating nano-based cancer therapies and diagnostics into the clinic and many more are in development.

Nanoscale objectstypically, although not exclusively, with dimensions smaller than 100 nanometerscan be useful by themselves or as part of larger devices containing multiple nanoscale objects. Nanotechnology is being applied to almost every field imaginable including biosciences, electronics, magnetics, optics, information technology, and materials development, all of which have an impact on biomedicine. Explore the world of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related targets, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they occur only in a small percentage of cells. Nanotechnology also has the potential to generate unique and highly effective theraputic agents. Learn about nanotechnology in cancer research

The use of nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of cancer is largely still in the development phase. However, there are already several nanocarrier-based drugs on the market and many more nano-based therapeutics in clinical trials. Read about current developments

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Learn About Nanotechnology in Cancer

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures, materials and devices. The technology promises scientific advancement in many sectors such as medicine, consumer products, energy, materials and manufacturing. Nanotechnology is generally defined as engineered structures, devices, and systems. Nanomaterials are defined as those things that have a length scale between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this size, materials begin to exhibit unique properties that affect physical, chemical, and biological behavior. Researching, developing, and utilizing these properties is at the heart of new technology.

Workers within nanotechnology-related industries have the potential to be exposed to uniquely engineered materials with novel sizes, shapes, and physical and chemical properties. Occupational health risks associated with manufacturing and using nanomaterials are not yet clearly understood. Minimal information is currently available on dominant exposure routes, potential exposure levels, and material toxicity of nanomaterials.

Studies have indicated that low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than larger particles on a mass for mass basis. There are strong indications that particle surface area and surface chemistry are responsible for observed responses in cell cultures and animals. Studies suggests that some nanoparticles can move from the respiratory system to other organs. Research is continuing to understand how these unique properties may lead to specific health effects.

NIOSH leads the federal government nanotechnology initiative. Research and activities are coordinated through the NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) established in 2004.

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Nanotechnology - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Introduction

Imagine a world in which cars can be assembled molecule-by-molecule, garbage can be disassembled and turned into beef steaks, and people can be operated on and healed by cell-sized robots. Sound like science fiction? Well, with current semiconductor chip manufacturing encroaching upon the nanometer scale and the ability to move individual atoms at the IBM Almaden laboratory, we are fast approaching the technological ability to fabricate productive machines and devices that can manipulate things at the atomic level. From this ability we will be able to develop molecular-sized computers and robots, which would give us unprecedented control over matter and the ability to shape the physical world as we see fit. Some may see it as pure fantasy, but others speculate that it is an inevitability that will be the beginning of the next technological revolution.

Laboratories, such as the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility (SNF), have already been researching nanofabrication techniques with applications in fiber optics, biotechnology, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and wide variety of other research fields relevant to today's technology. MEMS, "tiny mechanical devices such as sensors, valves, gears, mirrors, and actuators embedded in semiconductor chips", are particularly interesting because they are but a mere step away from the molecular machines envisioned by nanotechnology. MEMS are already being used in automobile airbag systems as accelerometers to detect collisions and will become an increasing part of our everyday technology.

In 1986, a researcher from MIT named K. Eric Drexler already foresaw the advent of molecular machines and published a book, Engines of Creation, in which he outlined the possibilities and consequences of this emerging field, which he called nanotechnology. He was inspired by Nobel laureate Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture, There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, about miniaturization down to the atomic scale. Since then, Drexler has written numerous other books on the subject, such as Unbounding the Future, and has founded the Foresight Institute, which is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the responsible development of nanotechnology. It hosts conferences and competitions to raise the awareness of nanotechnology and the ethical issues involved in its development.

Today, nanotechnology research and development is quite wide spread, although not high profile yet. Numerous universities, such as Univ. of Washington and Northwestern Univ., have established centers and institutes to study nanotechnology, and the U.S. government has created an organization, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), to monitor and guide research and development in this field. In fact, as noted in an April 2001 Computerworld article, the Bush administration increased funding to nanoscale science research by 16% through its National Science Foundation (NSF) budget increase. DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and the NSF are currently the two largest sources of funding for nanotechnology research and have an enormous influence on the direction of scientific research done in the United States. With so many resources dedicated to its development, nanotechnology will surely have an impact within our lifetime, so it is important to examine its ethical implications while it is still in its infancy.

What is Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology, also called molecular manufacturing, is "a branch of engineering that deals with the design and manufacture of extremely small electronic circuits and mechanical devices built at the molecular level of matter." [Whatis.com] The goal of nanotechnology is to be able to manipulate materials at the atomic level to build the smallest possible electromechanical devices, given the physical limitations of matter. Much of the mechanical systems we know how to build will be transferred to the molecular level as some atomic analogy. (see nanogear animation on the right)

As envisioned by Drexler, as well as many others, this would lead to nanocomputers no bigger than bacteria and nanomachines, also known as nanites (from Star Trek: The Next Generation), which could be used as a molecular assemblers and disassemblers to build, repair, or tear down any physical or biological objects.

In essence, the purpose of developing nanotechnology is to have tools to work on the molecular level analogous to the tools we have at the macroworld level. Like the robots we use to build cars and the construction equipment we use to build skyscrapers, nanomachines will enable us to create a plethora of goods and increase our engineering abilities to the limits of the physical world.

Potential Benefits...

It would not take much of a leap, then, to imagine disassemblers dismantling garbage to be recycled at the molecular level, and then given to assemblers for them to build atomically perfect engines. Stretching this vision a bit, you can imagine a Star Trek type replicator which could reassemble matter in the form of a juicy steak, given the correct blueprints and organization of these nanomachines.

Just given the basic premises of nanotechnology, you can imagine the vast potential of this technology. Some of it's more prominent benefits would be:

Along with all the obvious manufacturing benefits, there are also many potential medical and environmental benefits. With nanomachines, we could better design and synthesize pharmaceuticals; we could directly treat diseased cells like cancer; we could better monitor the life signs of a patient; or we could use nanomachines to make microscopic repairs in hard-to-operate-on areas of the body. With regard to the environment, we could use nanomachines to clean up toxins or oil spills, recycle all garbage, and eliminate landfills, thus reducing our natural resource consumption.

Potential Dangers...

The flip side to these benefits is the possibility of assemblers and disassemblers being used to create weapons, be used as weapons themselves, or for them to run wild and wreak havoc. Other, less invasive, but equally perilous uses of nanotechnology would be in electronic surveillance.

Weapons are an obvious negative use of nanotechnology. Simply extending today's weapon capabilities by miniaturizing guns, explosives, and electronic components of missiles would be deadly enough. However, with nanotechnology, armies could also develop disassemblers to attack physical structures or even biological organism at the molecular level. A similar hazard would be if general purpose disassemblers got loose in the environment and started disassembling every molecule they encountered. This is known as "The Gray Goo Scenario." Furthermore, if nanomachines were created to be self replicating and there were a problem with their limiting mechanism, they would multiply endlessly like viruses. Even without considering the extreme disaster scenarios of nanotechnology, we can find plenty of potentially harmful uses for it. It could be used to erode our freedom and privacy; people could use molecular sized microphones, cameras, and homing beacons to monitor and track others.

Ethical Issues & Analysis

With such awesome potential dangers inherent in nanotechnology, we must seriously examine its potential consequences. Granted, nanotechnology may never become as powerful and prolific as envisioned by its evangelists, but as with any potential, near-horizon technology, we should go through the exercise of formulating solutions to potential ethical issues before the technology is irreversibly adopted by society. We must examine the ethics of developing nanotechnology and create policies that will aid in its development so as to eliminate or at least minimize its damaging effects on society.

Ethical Decision Making Worksheet

Most relevant facts

We are reaching a critical point where technology will enable us to build complex molecular machines. Molecular assemblers and disassemblers could be developed from this technology, which would have great potential for both good and bad. The two greatest threats from development of nanotechnology are catastrophic accidents and misuse.

Professional Issues

Legal/Policy Issues

Ethical Issues

Stakeholders

Possible Actions

Consequences

Individual Rights/Fairness

The second and third options seem to be the most prudent course of action since the second option is commonly done now for emerging technologies and the third option consciously prevents designs that could lead to the catastrophic scenarios.

Common Good

The second and third options also seem to advance the most common good since the second option involves promoting ethics within the research community and the third option is a set of design principles to discourage unethical or accidental uses of nanotechnology.

Final Decision

Nanotechnology research should be allowed to continue but with a non-government advisory council to monitor the research and help formulate ethical guidelines and policies. Generally, nanomachines should NOT be designed to be general purpose, self replicating, or to be able to use an abundant natural compound as fuel. Furthermore, complex nanomachines should be tagged with a radioactive isotope so as to allow them to be tracked in case they are lost.

Conclusion

It would be difficult to deny the potential benefits of nanotechnology and stop development of research related to it since it has already begun to penetrate many different fields of research. However, nanotechnology can be developed using guidelines to insure that the technology does not become too potentially harmful. As with any new technology, it is impossible to stop every well funded organization who may seek to develop the technology for harmful purposes. However, if the researchers in this field put together an ethical set of guidelines (e.g. Molecular Nanotechnology Guidelines) and follow them, then we should be able to develop nanotechnology safely while still reaping its promised benefits.

References

Drexler, K. Eric Engines of Creation. New York: Anchor Books, 1986.

Drexler, K. Eric Unbounding the Future. New York: Quill, 1991.

Feynman, Richard P. There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom. 03 March 2002. http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html

The Foresight Institute. 03 March 2002. http://www.foresight.org/

Institute for Molecular Manufacturing. 03 March 2002. IMM.org

National Nanotechnology Initiative. 03 March 2002. http://www.nano.gov/

Thibodeau, Patrick. "Nanotech, IT research given boost in Bush budget". 03 March 2002. (April 11, 2001) CNN.com

[Definitions]. 03 March 2002. Whatis.com

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The Ethics of Nanotechnology - Santa Clara University

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Nanotechnology News - Nanoscience, Nanotechnolgy, Nanotech ...

Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology about the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale - this means things that are about 100 nanometres or smaller.[1]

Nanotechnology includes making products that use parts this small, such as electronic devices, catalysts, sensors, etc. To give you an idea of how small that is, there are more nanometres in an inch than there are inches in 400 miles.[2]

To give a international idea of how small that is, there are as many nanometres in a centimetre, as there are centimetres in 100 kilometres.

Nanotechnology brings together scientists and engineers from many different subjects, such as applied physics, materials science, interface and colloid science, device physics, chemistry, supramolecular chemistry (which refers to the area of chemistry that focuses on the non-covalent bonding interactions of molecules), self-replicating machines and robotics, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, biological engineering, and electrical engineering.

Generally, when people talk about nanotechnology, they mean structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller. There are one million nanometers in a millimeter. Nanotechnology tries to make materials or machines of that size.

People are doing many different types of work in the field of nanotechnology. Most current work looks at making nanoparticles (particles with nanometer size) that have special properties, such as the way they scatter light, absorb X-rays, transport electrical currents or heat, etc. At the more "science fiction" end of the field are attempts to make small copies of bigger machines or really new ideas for structures that make themselves. New materials are possible with nano size structures. It is even possible to work with single atoms.

There has been a lot of discussion about the future of nanotechnology and its dangers. Nanotechnology may be able to invent new materials and instruments which would be very useful, such as in medicine, computers, and making clean electricity (nanotechnology) is helping design the next generation of solar panels, and efficient low-energy lighting). On the other hand, nanotechnology is new and there could be unknown problems. For example if the materials are bad for people's health or for nature. They may have a bad effect on the economy or even big natural systems like the Earth itself. Some groups argue that there should be rules about the use of nanotechnology.

Ideas of nanotechnology were first used in talk "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom", a talk given by the scientist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman described a way to move individual atoms to build smaller instruments and operate at that scale. Properties such as surface tension and Van der walls force would become very important.

Feynman's simple idea seemed possible. The word "nanotechnology" was explained by Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper. He said that nanotechnology was the work of changing materials by one atom or by one molecule. In the 1980s this idea was studied by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who spoke and wrote about the importance of nano-scale events . "Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology" (1986) is thought to be the first book on nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and Nano science started with two key developments: the start of cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Soon afterwards, new molecules with carbon were discovered - first fullerenes in 1986 and carbon nanotubes a few years later. In another development, people studied how to make semiconductor nano crystals. Many metal oxide nanoparticles are now used as quantum dots (nanoparticles where the behaviour of single electrons becomes important). In 2000, the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative began to develop science in this field.

Nanotechnology has nanomaterials which can be classified into one, two and three dimensions nanoparticles. This classification is based upon different properties it holds such as scattering of light, absorbing x rays, transport electric current or heat. Nanotechnology has multidisciplinary character affecting multiple traditional technologies and different scientific disciplines. New materials which can be scaled even at atomic size can be manufactured.

At nano scale physical properties of system or particles substantially change. Physical properties such as quantum size effects where electrons move different for very small sizes of particle. Properties such as mechanical, electrical and optical changes when macroscopic system changes to microscopic one which is of utmost importance.

Nano materials and particles can act as catalyst to increase the reaction rate along with that produce better yield as compared to other catalyst. Some of the most interesting properties when particle gets converted to nano scale are substances which usually stop light become transparent (copper); it becomes possible to burn some materials (aluminum); solids turn into liquids at room temperature (gold); insulators become conductors (silicon). A material such as gold, which does not react with other chemicals at normal scales, can be a powerful chemical catalyst at nanoscales. These special properties which we can only see at the nano scale are one of the most interesting things about nanotechnology.

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Nanotechnology - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

New Therapeutic Pathway May Keep Cancer Cells Turned 'Off' Feb. 23, 2016 A new study offers tangible evidence that it is possible to keep osteosarcoma lesions dormant using novel nanomedicines. Osteosarcoma is a cancer that develops in the bones of children and ... read more Nano Dangerously Big Feb. 23, 2016 Keywords such as nano-, personalized-, or targeted medicine sound like bright future. What most people do not know, is that nanomedicines can cause severe undesired effects for actually being too ... read more Hot Find: Tightly Spaced Objects Could Exchange Millions of Times More Heat Feb. 18, 2016 Scientists have come up with a formula that describes the maximum heat transfer in such tight ... read more Feb. 18, 2016 New research points to an entirely new approach for designing insulin-based pharmaceuticals. The approach could open the door for more personalized medications with fewer side effects for Type 1 ... read more Feb. 17, 2016 New research has identified key factors in the structure of Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), the main product of the hydration of Portland cement, that could help researchers work out better ... read more Researchers Devise More Efficient Materials for Solar Fuel Cells Feb. 16, 2016 Chemists have developed new high-performing materials for cells that harness sunlight to split carbon dioxide and water into usable fuels like methanol and hydrogen gas. These 'green fuels' ... read more Feb. 16, 2016 Graphene is a single-atomic carbon sheet with a hexagonal honeycomb network. Electrons in graphene take a special electronic state called Dirac-cone where they behave as if they have no mass. This ... read more Feb. 16, 2016 A new photoelectrode boosts the ability of solar water-splitting to produce ... read more Feb. 15, 2016 Scientists have made a major step forward in the development of digital data storage that is capable of surviving for billions of years. Using nanostructured glass, scientists have developed the ... read more Small Clumps in the Body: How Nanoparticles React to Proteins Feb. 15, 2016 Scientists have found out that the protein haemoglobin influences the aggregation of individual gold nanoparticles to form ... read more New Nanotechnology Detects Biomarkers of Cancer Feb. 12, 2016 Researchers have developed a new technology to detect disease biomarkers in the form of nucleic acids, the building blocks of all living ... read more Feb. 12, 2016 Scientists have successfully combined two different ultrathin semiconductors -- each just one layer of atoms thick and roughly 100,000 times thinner than a human hair -- to make a new two-dimensional ... read more Feb. 11, 2016 Scientists have found a simple new way to produce nanoscale wires that can serve as bright, stable and tunable lasers -- an advance toward using light to transmit ... read more Feb. 11, 2016 Physicists have developed a nanolaser, a thousand times thinner than a human hair. Thanks to an ingenious process, the nanowire lasers grow right on a silicon chip, making it possible to produce ... read more Room-Temperature Lithium Metal Battery Closer to Reality Feb. 10, 2016 Rechargeable lithium metal batteries offer energy storage capabilities far superior to todays workhorse lithium-ion technology that powers our smartphones and laptops. But these batteries are not ... read more Feb. 10, 2016 In one of the first efforts to date to apply nanotechnology to targeted cancer therapeutics, researchers have created a nanoparticle formulation of a cancer drug that is both effective and nontoxic ... read more Feb. 10, 2016 From dot-matrix to 3-D, printing technology has come a long way in 40 years. But all of these technologies have created hues by using dye inks, which can be taxing on the environment. Now a team ... read more Electric-Car Battery Materials Could Harm Key Soil Bacteria Feb. 10, 2016 The growing popularity of battery-powered cars could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but they are not entirely Earth friendly. Problems can creep in when these batteries are disposed of. ... read more Chemical Cages: New Technique Advances Synthetic Biology Feb. 10, 2016 A clever means of localizing and confining enzymes and the substrate molecules they bind with has been presented by researchers, speeding up reactions essential for life ... read more Quantum Potential: Where Light and Matter Co-Exist Feb. 9, 2016 Plasmons, quasiparticles arising from the collective motion of electrons on the surface of a metal, can strongly modify the behavior of nearby light, and could be instrumental in building some of the ... read more

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Nanotechnology News -- ScienceDaily

Unlocking the power of nanotechnology

Zyvex was founded in 1997, as the first molecular nanotechnology company, with the vision of developing atomically precise manufacturing. By 2007, Zyvex research had been commercialized in several products. As those product lines grew, Zyvex restructured into separate companies so that each company could independently focus on its industry leading technology and products. The Zyvex family of companies is Providing nanotechnology solutions today

Zyvex Technologies designs and creates the most capable structures using the most advanced molecularly engineered materials. Serving customers in an array of markets, Zyvex Technologies helps set new standards of product performance.

Zyvex Labs designs, constructs, and commercializes the world's most precise manufactured products. Zyvex Labs is the Founder and Manager of the Atomically Precise Manufacturing Consortium. Zyvex and our APMC collaborators are developing the tools to build atomically precise products atom-by-atom. Zyvex Labs also is a partner in Nano Retina, developing an ultra small, easy to implant, artificial retina designed to restore sight to the blind.

2016, Zyvex Labs, LLC

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Nanotechnology at Zyvex

Composing the first Draft from a Creative: What it is Love

Possessing routed my most recently released unique away and off to my agent a couple of weeks in the past, I&ve savored not publishing a single thing. I&ve trapped on email messages and administrative but havenAndt very had been able to do all of my book-having-really that will wait around! Even So contain the encourage to write for a second time, to start out the particularly long and bumpy technique of composing a first draft on the novel, according to a perception IAndve suffered from into my go for weeks.

IAndm nonetheless warming up however; We need an exciting new notebook computer, I need to clean my table, I have to loose time waiting for on the list of time when my 4 yr old is at kindy simply because setting up a first draft needs a whole entire occasion of quantity, and also new stationery! But pondering starting to prepare over again taught me to think about the operation of producing the first draft connected with a novel. It&s quite a specified practice, or at best it happens to be i believe.

Thus I&ve made an infographic which summarises the 8 steps I experience as soon as i generate a first write.

I feel right here is the most challenging component to a first draft. Normally it takes 2 or 3 weeks of simply writing bit little scenarios, checking out writing prompts and training, and reading other books. This is the slowest portion of the for starters draft and, i believe, the least pleasing. It&s at which I need to motivate by myself to sit down and write down. Until, eventually, I post a item and that i are aware of it uses the suitable voice. I do know it&s the solid I want my creative to receive. And after that I&m from and composing.

Possessing a voice is very well but have you thought about a story? I usually embark on my firstly drafts while using barest your bones connected with an understanding of a charm, although with no real notion of what this persona would possibly do and definitely no idea to what the plan may just be. IAndve been improving at wishing to put together my pantsing method to composing with a small amount of plotting, by means of devices like Scapple and Scrivener, but there is however even so a very real duration of groping blindly along the length of, looking to find the one grain of yellow sand relating to the shoreline which includes a glint of magical concerning it.

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Writing Lousy Firstly Drafts

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I believe this is basically the most challenging a part of the first write. It usually takes many weeks of creating bit limited scenes, checking out publishing prompts and physical exercises, and browsing other novels. Here is the slowest an area of the for starters draft and, in my opinion, the very least worthwhile. It&s exactly where I need to force me personally to take a seat and generate. Up until, one day, I publish a section and therefore i be aware of it has got the proper sound. I understand itAnds the sound I want my creative to acquire. And thereafter IAndm away from and publishing.

Enjoying a tone of voice is all really well but have you considered a tale? I usually begin the process my very first drafts while using barest bone tissues of any idea about a figure, yet with no realistic notion of what this individuality could do and certainly no clue of what the plot will be. I&ve been improving at aiming to incorporate my pantsing way of authoring with some plotting, by using instruments like Scapple and Scrivener, but there is nevertheless a very true time of groping blindly down, trying to find the only one grain of sand about the shore which includes a glint of power about this.

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Pursuing hard on the heels within the Fireworks occurs that internal speech of doom IAndve drafted about prior to, the individual that tells me my plan is stuffed with holes, my personalities are tedious and derivative, my authoring is lifeless and lifeless. ItAnds very only a matter of forcing on history this place, publishing on regardless, figuring out now, after you have grappled about it in all of my publications, which i might get the more desirable from it generally if i just forget it until

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The Nanotechnology Institute

By Andrew Zimmerman Jones

Definition of Nanotechnology:

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the realm of 1 to 100 nanometers. (For reference, a piece of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.) At the nanoscale, matter functions differently from both the individual atomic and macroscopic scales, so some unique properties are available for use in the field.

Development of Nanotechnology:

Nanotechnology is a natural end-result of scientific development and our ability to understand and manipulate matter at smaller and smaller levels.

Just as computers have gone from bulky, room-filling monstrosities to handheld computers, such reductions in size will continue until we reach fundamental physical limits.

Feynman & Nanotechnology:

On December 29, 1959, the influential American physicist Richard P. Feynman presented a talk to the American Physical Society entitled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics." Among physicists, this is respectfully called "the classic talk" (it's the first hit on a Google search of "classic talk"). He asked "Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin?" and introduced the concept of nanotechnology.

Spread of Nanotechnology:

Though Feynman's speech inspired many researchers, it wasn't until the mid-1980s that nanotechnology began to seep into the cultural mainstream conversation. In 1986, the MIT researcher K. Eric Drexler wrote Engines of Creation which laid out extensive prospects of emerging nanotechnology research.

Nanotechnology & Medicine:

One major application of nanotechnology is in the field of medicine, and in fact the knowledge gained from research of natural nanomachines, such as bacteria, has proven essential to the field.

In this respect, it has developed some close connections with biophysics. It is theorized that man-made nanomachines could repair damage to the human body that is currently untreatable.

Graphene:

One material which is frequently discussed in nanotechnological research is graphene, an atom-thick form of graphite which was discovered by a University of Manchester team in 2004.

Preparing for a Career in Nanotechnology:

There are few degrees of study specifically in nanotechnology, so look for a good, well-rounded physics program. Nanotechnology works at tiny levels of matter, so knowledge of atomic, molecular, chemical and quantum physics is essential to this field of study.

Working knowledge of biochemistry, chemistry, and biophysics, as well as a proficiency with complex mathematics, would also help qualify you for this field.

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Introduction to Nanotechnology - About.com Education

During the Middle Ages, philosophers attempted to transmute base materials into gold in a process called alchemy. While their efforts proved fruitless, the pseudoscience alchemy paved the way to the real science of chemistry. Through chemistry, we learned more about the world around us, including the fact that all matter is composed of atoms. The types of atoms and the way those atoms join together determines a substance's properties.

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science that looks at how we can manipulate matter at the molecular and atomic level. To do this, we must work on the nanoscale -- a scale so small that we can't see it with a light microscope. In fact, one nanometer is just one-billionth of a meter in size. Atoms are smaller still. It's difficult to quantify an atom's size -- they don't tend to hold a particular shape. But in general, a typical atom is about one-tenth of a nanometer in diameter.

But the nanoscale is where it's at. That's because it's the scale of molecules. By manipulating molecules, we can make all sorts of interesting materials. But like the alchemists of old, we wouldn't make much headway in creating gold. That's because gold is a basic element -- you can't break it down into a simpler form.

We could make other interesting substances, though. By manipulating molecules to form in particular shapes, we can build materials with amazing properties. One example is a carbon nanotube. To create a carbon nanotube, you start with a sheet of graphite molecules, which you roll up into a tube. The orientation of the molecules determines the nanotube's properties. For example, you could end up with a conductor or a semiconductor. Rolled the right way, the carbon nanotube will be hundreds of times stronger than steel but only one-sixth the weight [source: NASA].

That's just one aspect of nanotechnology. Another is that materials aren't the same at the nanoscale as they are at larger scales. Researchers with the United States Department of Energy discovered in 2005 that gold shines differently at the nanoscale than it does in bulk. They also noticed that materials possess different properties of magnetism and temperature at the nanoscale [source: U.S. Department of Energy].

Because the science deals with the basic building blocks of matter, there are countless applications. Some seem almost mundane -- nanoparticles of zinc oxide in sunblock allow you to spread a transparent lotion on your skin and remain protected. Others sound like science fiction -- doctors are attempting to use the protein casings from viruses to deliver minute amounts of drugs to treat cancer. As we learn more about how molecules work and how to manipulate them, we'll change the world. The biggest revelations will come from the smallest of sources.

Learn more about nanotechnology by following the links on the next page.

Link:

What is nanotechnology? - HowStuffWorks

A word of caution

Definition of nan'otechnol'ogy n

Human hair fragment and a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (Image: Jirka Cech)

It seems that a size limitation of nanotechnology to the 1-100 nm range, the area where size-dependant quantum effects come to bear, would exclude numerous materials and devices, especially in the pharamaceutical area, and some experts caution against a rigid definition based on a sub-100 nm size.

Another important criteria for the definition is the requirement that the nano-structure is man-made. Otherwise you would have to include every naturally formed biomolecule and material particle, in effect redefining much of chemistry and molecular biology as 'nanotechnology.'

The most important requirement for the nanotechnology definition is that the nano-structure has special properties that are exclusively due to its nanoscale proportions.

The U.S. National Nantechnology Initiatve (NNI) provides the following definition:

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.

A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick; a single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter. Dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers are known as the nanoscale. Unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties can emerge in materials at the nanoscale. These properties may differ in important ways from the properties of bulk materials and single atoms or molecules.

The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale) that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property.

Nanotechnology Introduction Menu

Nanotechnology Applications

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Nanotechnology Introduction - What is nanotechnology?

Greater Chicago Area.18 days agoNovember 2, 2015

...in the development and implementation of nanotechnology... of theInternational Institute for Nanotechnology...

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Position Summary ENGINEER THE FUTURE WITH US. As... , robotics, nanotechnology, directed energy, biomechanics...

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Job Summary P roviding both internal and external technical expertise and direction on the advancement of toxicology and human health. Leads the investigation and the feasibility of new product standards by applying a wide variety of scientific principles and concepts to products and systems. Maintains...

LinkedIn Corporation 2015

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Nanotechnology Jobs in Chicago, IL | LinkedIn

View this paper to learn how Epicor ERP specifically aligns to the business needs of the electronics and high-tech industry, and hear how one electronics organization achieved improved operational controls, better inventory accuracy, and world class tools to meet supply chain requirements with Epicor ERP.July 01, 2015 Sponsored by Epicor

Operational efficiency is a critical factor in the fluid processing industry. The synergy of fitting components and assembly technology to achieve this objective is the focus of Fit-LINE, Inc. Applying extensive polymer technology and injection molding expertise, the company has analyzed the design, tooling and manufacturing processes required to create high-performance solutions for demanding high-purity fluid processing applications. Through extensive R&D, testing and evaluation, Fit-LINE has isolated three variables that need to be addressed to ensure leak-free fitting assemblies.June 01, 2015 Sponsored by Fit-LINE, Inc.

Remarkable silicones. The combination of their unique ability to maintain physical properties across a wide range of temperature, humidity, and frequency--combined with their flexibility--set them apart. Silicone based adhesives, sealants, potting and encapsulation compounds are used in hundreds of consumer, business, medical, and military electronic systems. In this white paper, learn what makes silicones different from other organic polymers, why their properties remain stable across different temperatures, and how they have played a major role in the rapid innovation of the electronics industry.May 12, 2015 Sponsored by Master Bond, Inc.,

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MEMS | Solid State Technology

"Nanobots" redirects here. For the They Might Be Giants album, see Nanobots (album).

Nanorobotics is the emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometre (109 meters).[1][2][3] More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.110 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.[4][5] The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nanomachines, or nanomites have also been used to describe these devices currently under research and development.[6][7]

Nanomachines are largely in the research and development phase,[8] but some primitive molecular machines and nanomotors have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch approximately 1.5 nanometers across, capable of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample. The first useful applications of nanomachines might be in nanomedicine. For example,[9]biological machines could be used to identify and destroy cancer cells.[10][11] Another potential application is the detection of toxic chemicals, and the measurement of their concentrations, in the environment. Rice University has demonstrated a single-molecule car developed by a chemical process and including buckyballs for wheels. It is actuated by controlling the environmental temperature and by positioning a scanning tunneling microscope tip.

Another definition is a robot that allows precision interactions with nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Such devices are more related to microscopy or scanning probe microscopy, instead of the description of nanorobots as molecular machine. Following the microscopy definition even a large apparatus such as an atomic force microscope can be considered a nanorobotic instrument when configured to perform nanomanipulation. For this perspective, macroscale robots or microrobots that can move with nanoscale precision can also be considered nanorobots.

According to Richard Feynman, it was his former graduate student and collaborator Albert Hibbs who originally suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micromachines (see nanotechnology). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "swallow the doctor". The idea was incorporated into Feynman's 1959 essay There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.[12]

Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be necessary for very large numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. These nanorobot swarms, both those incapable of replication (as in utility fog) and those capable of unconstrained replication in the natural environment (as in grey goo and its less common variants[clarification needed]), are found in many science fiction stories, such as the Borg nanoprobes in Star Trek and The Outer Limits episode The New Breed.

Some proponents of nanorobotics, in reaction to the grey goo scenarios that they earlier helped to propagate, hold the view that nanorobots capable of replication outside of a restricted factory environment do not form a necessary part of a purported productive nanotechnology, and that the process of self-replication, if it were ever to be developed, could be made inherently safe. They further assert that their current plans for developing and using molecular manufacturing do not in fact include free-foraging replicators.[13][14]

The most detailed theoretical discussion of nanorobotics, including specific design issues such as sensing, power communication, navigation, manipulation, locomotion, and onboard computation, has been presented in the medical context of nanomedicine by Robert Freitas. Some of these discussions remain at the level of unbuildable generality and do not approach the level of detailed engineering.

The joint use of nanoelectronics, photolithography, and new biomaterials provides a possible approach to manufacturing nanorobots for common medical applications, such as for surgical instrumentation, diagnosis and drug delivery.[15][16][17] This method for manufacturing on nanotechnology scale is currently in use in the electronics industry.[18] So, practical nanorobots should be integrated as nanoelectronics devices, which will allow tele-operation and advanced capabilities for medical instrumentation.[19][20]

Nubot is an abbreviation for "nucleic acid robot." Nubots are organic molecular machines at the nanoscale.[21] DNA structure can provide means to assemble 2D and 3D nanomechanical devices. DNA based machines can be activated using small molecules, proteins and other molecules of DNA.[22][23][24] Biological circuit gates based on DNA materials have been engineered as molecular machines to allow in-vitro drug delivery for targeted health problems.[25] Such material based systems would work most closely to smart biomaterial drug system delivery,[26] while not allowing precise in vivo teleoperation of such engineered prototypes.

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Nanorobotics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

DNA nanotechnology is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses. In this field, nucleic acids are used as non-biological engineering materials for nanotechnology rather than as the carriers of genetic information in living cells. Researchers in the field have created static structures such as two- and three-dimensional crystal lattices, nanotubes, polyhedra, and arbitrary shapes, as well as functional devices such as molecular machines and DNA computers. The field is beginning to be used as a tool to solve basic science problems in structural biology and biophysics, including applications in crystallography and spectroscopy for protein structure determination. Potential applications in molecular scale electronics and nanomedicine are also being investigated.

The conceptual foundation for DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian Seeman in the early 1980s, and the field began to attract widespread interest in the mid-2000s. This use of nucleic acids is enabled by their strict base pairing rules, which cause only portions of strands with complementary base sequences to bind together to form strong, rigid double helix structures. This allows for the rational design of base sequences that will selectively assemble to form complex target structures with precisely controlled nanoscale features. A number of assembly methods are used to make these structures, including tile-based structures that assemble from smaller structures, folding structures using the DNA origami method, and dynamically reconfigurable structures using strand displacement techniques. While the field's name specifically references DNA, the same principles have been used with other types of nucleic acids as well, leading to the occasional use of the alternative name nucleic acid nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is often defined as the study of materials and devices with features on a scale below 100 nanometers. DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures is induced by the physical and chemical properties of the components selected by the designers.[4] In DNA nanotechnology, the component materials are strands of nucleic acids such as DNA; these strands are often synthetic and are almost always used outside the context of a living cell. DNA is well-suited to nanoscale construction because the binding between two nucleic acid strands depends on simple base pairing rules which are well understood, and form the specific nanoscale structure of the nucleic acid double helix. These qualities make the assembly of nucleic acid structures easy to control through nucleic acid design. This property is absent in other materials used in nanotechnology, including proteins, for which protein design is very difficult, and nanoparticles, which lack the capability for specific assembly on their own.[5]

The structure of a nucleic acid molecule consists of a sequence of nucleotides distinguished by which nucleobase they contain. In DNA, the four bases present are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Nucleic acids have the property that two molecules will only bind to each other to form a double helix if the two sequences are complementary, meaning that they form matching sequences of base pairs, with A only binding to T, and C only to G.[5][6] Because the formation of correctly matched base pairs is energetically favorable, nucleic acid strands are expected in most cases to bind to each other in the conformation that maximizes the number of correctly paired bases. The sequences of bases in a system of strands thus determine the pattern of binding and the overall structure in an easily controllable way. In DNA nanotechnology, the base sequences of strands are rationally designed by researchers so that the base pairing interactions cause the strands to assemble in the desired conformation.[3][5] While DNA is the dominant material used, structures incorporating other nucleic acids such as RNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) have also been constructed.[7][8]

DNA nanotechnology is sometimes divided into two overlapping subfields: structural DNA nanotechnology and dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as SDN, focuses on synthesizing and characterizing nucleic acid complexes and materials that assemble into a static, equilibrium end state. On the other hand, dynamic DNA nanotechnology focuses on complexes with useful non-equilibrium behavior such as the ability to reconfigure based on a chemical or physical stimulus. Some complexes, such as nucleic acid nanomechanical devices, combine features of both the structural and dynamic subfields.[9][10]

The complexes constructed in structural DNA nanotechnology use topologically branched nucleic acid structures containing junctions. (In contrast, most biological DNA exists as an unbranched double helix.) One of the simplest branched structures is a four-arm junction that consists of four individual DNA strands, portions of which are complementary in a specific pattern. Unlike in natural Holliday junctions, each arm in the artificial immobile four-arm junction has a different base sequence, causing the junction point to be fixed at a certain position. Multiple junctions can be combined in the same complex, such as in the widely used double-crossover (DX) motif, which contains two parallel double helical domains with individual strands crossing between the domains at two crossover points. Each crossover point is itself topologically a four-arm junction, but is constrained to a single orientation, as opposed to the flexible single four-arm junction, providing a rigidity that makes the DX motif suitable as a structural building block for larger DNA complexes.[3][5]

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology uses a mechanism called toehold-mediated strand displacement to allow the nucleic acid complexes to reconfigure in response to the addition of a new nucleic acid strand. In this reaction, the incoming strand binds to a single-stranded toehold region of a double-stranded complex, and then displaces one of the strands bound in the original complex through a branch migration process. The overall effect is that one of the strands in the complex is replaced with another one.[9] In addition, reconfigurable structures and devices can be made using functional nucleic acids such as deoxyribozymes and ribozymes, which are capable of performing chemical reactions, and aptamers, which can bind to specific proteins or small molecules.[11]

Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as SDN, focuses on synthesizing and characterizing nucleic acid complexes and materials where the assembly has a static, equilibrium endpoint. The nucleic acid double helix has a robust, defined three-dimensional geometry that makes it possible to predict and design the structures of more complicated nucleic acid complexes. Many such structures have been created, including two- and three-dimensional structures, and periodic, aperiodic, and discrete structures.[10]

Small nucleic acid complexes can be equipped with sticky ends and combined into larger two-dimensional periodic lattices containing a specific tessellated pattern of the individual molecular tiles.[10] The earliest example of this used double-crossover (DX) complexes as the basic tiles, each containing four sticky ends designed with sequences that caused the DX units to combine into periodic two-dimensional flat sheets that are essentially rigid two-dimensional crystals of DNA.[15][16] Two-dimensional arrays have been made from other motifs as well, including the Holliday junction rhombus lattice,[17] and various DX-based arrays making use of a double-cohesion scheme.[18][19] The top two images at right show examples of tile-based periodic lattices.

Two-dimensional arrays can be made to exhibit aperiodic structures whose assembly implements a specific algorithm, exhibiting one form of DNA computing.[20] The DX tiles can have their sticky end sequences chosen so that they act as Wang tiles, allowing them to perform computation. A DX array whose assembly encodes an XOR operation has been demonstrated; this allows the DNA array to implement a cellular automaton that generates a fractal known as the Sierpinski gasket. The third image at right shows this type of array.[14] Another system has the function of a binary counter, displaying a representation of increasing binary numbers as it grows. These results show that computation can be incorporated into the assembly of DNA arrays.[21]

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DNA nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Titanium and titanium alloys exhibit a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility, which enables their use in medical applications and accounts for their extensive use as implant materials in the last 50 years. Currently, a large amount of research is being carried out in order to determine the optimal surface topography for use in bioapplications, and thus the emphasis is on nanotechnology for biomedical applications. It was recently shown that titanium implants with rough surface topography and free energy increase osteoblast adhesion, maturation and subsequent bone formation. Furthermore, the adhesion of different cell lines to the surface of titanium implants is influenced by the surface characteristics of titanium; namely topography, charge distribution and chemistry. The present review article focuses on the specific nanotopography of titanium, i.e. titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanotubes, using a simple electrochemical anodisation method of the metallic substrate and other processes such as the hydrothermal or sol-gel template. One key advantage of using TiO 2 nanotubes in cell interactions is based on the fact that TiO 2 nanotube morphology is correlated with cell adhesion, spreading, growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which were shown to be maximally induced on smaller diameter nanotubes (15 nm), but hindered on larger diameter (100 nm) tubes, leading to cell death and apoptosis. Research has supported the significance of nanotopography (TiO 2 nanotube diameter) in cell adhesion and cell growth, and suggests that the mechanics of focal adhesion formation are similar among different cell types. As such, the present review will focus on perhaps the most spectacular and surprising one-dimensional structures and their unique biomedical applications for increased osseointegration, protein interaction and antibacterial properties.

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Nanotechnology - IOPscience

Researchers have developed a simple double-transfer printing technique that allows them to integrate high performing electronic devices - featuring state-of-the-art, non-planar, sub-20nm FinFET devices - fabricated on novel flexible thin silicon sheets with several kinds of materials exhibiting complex, asymmetric surfaces including textile, paper, wood, stone, and vinyl. This process utilizes soft materials to integrate nonplanar...

Posted: Jul 09, 2015

Researchers have been looking to design catalyst materials that can significantly enhance the performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a key eletrode reaction that is an enabling process for many energy storage options such as direct-solar and electricity-driven water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. However, OER suffers from sluggish kinetics - but a novel material inspired by the pomegranate might change...

Posted: Jul 02, 2015

Researchers have demonstrated the fabrication flexible ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) devices using state-of-the-art CMOS processes (sputtering, photolithography, and reactive ion etching). This bridges the existing gap between rigid inflexible semiconductor high performance, integration density, yield, and reliable electronics and highly flexible polymer/hybrid materials based relatively low performance electronics....

Posted: Jul 01, 2015

While there is a great deal of knowledge on optical manipulation of metallic nanoparticles in liquids, aerosol trapping of metallic nanoparticles is essentially unexplored. In general, very little is known about optical manipulation of any type of particle in air, where the physics appear to be rather different than in water. The just demonstrated ability to manipulate and study individual metallic or semiconductor nanostructures...

Posted: Jun 30, 2015

Getting from 2D to 3D has been quite a challenge for the graphene community. The transfer of two-dimensional graphene onto three-dimensional surfaces has proven to be difficult due to the fractures in graphene caused by local stresses. New research is bound to change that. Scientists have demonstrated graphene integration into a variety of different microstructured geometries - pyramids, pillars, domes, inverted pyramids,...

Posted: Jun 29, 2015

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Nanotechnology and Emerging Technologies - Nanoscience ...

NCI caNanoLab 2.0 Launched!

The National Cancer Institute Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research and NCI Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology have completed initial enhancements to improve usability of the caNanoLab data portal, which is now deployed as caNanoLab 2.0. To learn more about the enhancements and provide feedback, visit the caNanoLab Usability Discussion Forum.

Annual Bulletin 2013

The National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer published its 2013 issue of the annual bulletin. The bulletin outlines the various ways the Alliance reaches the wider scientific community, as demonstrated by numerous news stories, perspective articles, and solicitations for community input, all focused on advancing the cancer nanotechnology field.

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REQUEST FOR INFORMATION SUMMARY

The National Cancer Institute Office of Cancer Nanotechnology Research published a summary of its request for information on the Directions and Needs for Cancer Nanotechnology Research and Development. The RFI sought to gain feedback, comments and ideas on the status and future of the field and the role NCI funding has played and should continue to play in the future.

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NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer