"Nanobots" redirects here. For the They Might Be Giants album, see Nanobots (album).

Emerging technology field

Nanoid robotics, or for short, nanorobotics or nanobotics, is an emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or near the scale of a nanometer (109 meters).[1][2][3] More specifically, nanorobotics (as opposed to microrobotics) refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots with devices ranging in size from 0.1 to 10 micrometres and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.[4][5] The terms nanobot, nanoid, nanite, nanomachine and nanomite have also been used to describe such devices currently under research and development.[6][7]

Nanomachines are largely in the research and development phase,[8] but some primitive molecular machines and nanomotors have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch approximately 1.5 nanometers across, able to count specific molecules in the chemical sample. The first useful applications of nanomachines may be in nanomedicine. For example,[9] biological machines could be used to identify and destroy cancer cells.[10][11] Another potential application is the detection of toxic chemicals, and the measurement of their concentrations, in the environment. Rice University has demonstrated a single-molecule car developed by a chemical process and including Buckminsterfullerenes (buckyballs) for wheels. It is actuated by controlling the environmental temperature and by positioning a scanning tunneling microscope tip.

Another definition[whose?] is a robot that allows precise interactions with nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Such devices are more related to microscopy or scanning probe microscopy, instead of the description of nanorobots as molecular machines. Using the microscopy definition, even a large apparatus such as an atomic force microscope can be considered a nanorobotic instrument when configured to perform nanomanipulation. For this viewpoint, macroscale robots or microrobots that can move with nanoscale precision can also be considered nanorobots.

According to Richard Feynman, it was his former graduate student and collaborator Albert Hibbs who originally suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micro-machines (see biological machine). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "swallow the surgeon". The idea was incorporated into Feynman's 1959 essay There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.[12]

Since nano-robots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be necessary[according to whom?] for very large numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. These nano-robot swarms, both those unable to replicate (as in utility fog) and those able to replicate unconstrained in the natural environment (as in grey goo and synthetic biology), are found in many science fiction stories, such as the Borg nano-probes in Star Trek and The Outer Limits episode "The New Breed".Some proponents of nano-robotics, in reaction to the grey goo scenarios that they earlier helped to propagate, hold the view that nano-robots able to replicate outside of a restricted factory environment do not form a necessary part of a purported productive nanotechnology, and that the process of self-replication, were it ever to be developed, could be made inherently safe. They further assert that their current plans for developing and using molecular manufacturing do not in fact include free-foraging replicators.[13][14]

A detailed theoretical discussion of nanorobotics, including specific design issues such as sensing, power communication, navigation, manipulation, locomotion, and onboard computation, has been presented in the medical context of nanomedicine by Robert Freitas.[15][16] Some of these discussions[which?] remain at the level of unbuildable generality and do not approach the level of detailed engineering.

A document with a proposal on nanobiotech development using open design technology methods, as in open-source hardware and open-source software, has been addressed to the United Nations General Assembly.[17] According to the document sent to the United Nations, in the same way that open source has in recent years accelerated the development of computer systems, a similar approach should benefit the society at large and accelerate nanorobotics development. The use of nanobiotechnology should be established as a human heritage for the coming generations, and developed as an open technology based on ethical practices for peaceful purposes. Open technology is stated as a fundamental key for such an aim.

In the same ways that technology research and development drove the space race and nuclear arms race, a race for nanorobots is occurring.[18][19][20][21][22] There is plenty of ground allowing nanorobots to be included among the emerging technologies.[23] Some of the reasons are that large corporations, such as General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, Synopsys, Northrop Grumman and Siemens have been recently working in the development and research of nanorobots;[24][25][26][27][28] surgeons are getting involved and starting to propose ways to apply nanorobots for common medical procedures;[29] universities and research institutes were granted funds by government agencies exceeding $2 billion towards research developing nanodevices for medicine;[30][31] bankers are also strategically investing with the intent to acquire beforehand rights and royalties on future nanorobots commercialisation.[32] Some aspects of nanorobot litigation and related issues linked to monopoly have already arisen.[33][34][35] A large number of patents has been granted recently on nanorobots, done mostly for patent agents, companies specialized solely on building patent portfolios, and lawyers. After a long series of patents and eventually litigations, see for example the invention of radio, or the war of currents, emerging fields of technology tend to become a monopoly, which normally is dominated by large corporations.[36]

Manufacturing nanomachines assembled from molecular components is a very challenging task. Because of the level of difficulty, many engineers and scientists continue working cooperatively across multidisciplinary approaches to achieve breakthroughs in this new area of development. Thus, it is quite understandable the importance of the following distinct techniques currently applied towards manufacturing nanorobots:

The joint use of nanoelectronics, photolithography, and new biomaterials provides a possible approach to manufacturing nanorobots for common medical uses, such as surgical instrumentation, diagnosis, and drug delivery.[37][38][39] This method for manufacturing on nanotechnology scale is in use in the electronics industry since 2008.[40] So, practical nanorobots should be integrated as nanoelectronics devices, which will allow tele-operation and advanced capabilities for medical instrumentation.[41][42]

A nucleic acid robot (nubot) is an organic molecular machine at the nanoscale.[43] DNA structure can provide means to assemble 2D and 3D nanomechanical devices. DNA based machines can be activated using small molecules, proteins and other molecules of DNA.[44][45][46] Biological circuit gates based on DNA materials have been engineered as molecular machines to allow in-vitro drug delivery for targeted health problems.[47] Such material based systems would work most closely to smart biomaterial drug system delivery,[48] while not allowing precise in vivo teleoperation of such engineered prototypes.

Several reports have demonstrated the attachment of synthetic molecular motors to surfaces.[49][50] These primitive nanomachines have been shown to undergo machine-like motions when confined to the surface of a macroscopic material. The surface anchored motors could potentially be used to move and position nanoscale materials on a surface in the manner of a conveyor belt.

Nanofactory Collaboration,[51] founded by Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle in 2000 and involving 23 researchers from 10 organizations and 4 countries, focuses on developing a practical research agenda[52] specifically aimed at developing positionally-controlled diamond mechanosynthesis and a diamondoid nanofactory that would have the capability of building diamondoid medical nanorobots.

The emerging field of bio-hybrid systems combines biological and synthetic structural elements for biomedical or robotic applications. The constituting elements of bio-nanoelectromechanical systems (BioNEMS) are of nanoscale size, for example DNA, proteins or nanostructured mechanical parts. Thiol-ene e-beams resist allow the direct writing of nanoscale features, followed by the functionalization of the natively reactive resist surface with biomolecules.[53] Other approaches use a biodegradable material attached to magnetic particles that allow them to be guided around the body.[54]

This approach proposes the use of biological microorganisms, like the bacterium Escherichia coli[55] and Salmonella typhimurium.[56]Thus the model uses a flagellum for propulsion purposes. Electromagnetic fields normally control the motion of this kind of biological integrated device.[57]Chemists at the University of Nebraska have created a humidity gauge by fusing a bacterium to a silicon computer chip.[58]

Retroviruses can be retrained to attach to cells and replace DNA. They go through a process called reverse transcription to deliver genetic packaging in a vector.[59] Usually, these devices are Pol Gag genes of the virus for the Capsid and Delivery system. This process is called retroviral gene therapy, having the ability to re-engineer cellular DNA by usage of viral vectors.[60] This approach has appeared in the form of retroviral, adenoviral, and lentiviral gene delivery systems.[61][62] These gene therapy vectors have been used in cats to send genes into the genetically modified organism (GMO), causing it to display the trait.[63]

3D printing is the process by which a three-dimensional structure is built through the various processes of additive manufacturing. Nanoscale 3D printing involves many of the same process, incorporated at a much smaller scale. To print a structure in the 5-400m scale, the precision of the 3D printing machine needs to be improved greatly. A two-step process of 3D printing, using a 3D printing and laser etched plates method was incorporated as an improvement technique.[64] To be more precise at a nanoscale, the 3D printing process uses a laser etching machine, which etches the details needed for the segments of nanorobots into each plate. The plate is then transferred to the 3D printer, which fills the etched regions with the desired nanoparticle. The 3D printing process is repeated until the nanorobot is built from the bottom up. This 3D printing process has many benefits. First, it increases the overall accuracy of the printing process.[citation needed] Second, it has the potential to create functional segments of a nanorobot.[64] The 3D printer uses a liquid resin, which is hardened at precisely the correct spots by a focused laser beam. The focal point of the laser beam is guided through the resin by movable mirrors and leaves behind a hardened line of solid polymer, just a few hundred nanometers wide. This fine resolution enables the creation of intricately structured sculptures as tiny as a grain of sand. This process takes place by using photoactive resins, which are hardened by the laser at an extremely small scale to create the structure. This process is quick by nanoscale 3D printing standards. Ultra-small features can be made with the 3D micro-fabrication technique used in multiphoton photopolymerisation. This approach uses a focused laser to trace the desired 3D object into a block of gel. Due to the nonlinear nature of photo excitation, the gel is cured to a solid only in the places where the laser was focused while the remaining gel is then washed away. Feature sizes of under 100nm are easily produced, as well as complex structures with moving and interlocked parts.[65]

There are number of challenges and problems that should be addressed when designing and building nanoscale machines with movable parts. The most obvious one is the need of developing very fine tools and manipulation techniques capable of assembling individual nanostructures with high precision into operational device. Less evident challenge is related to peculiarities of adhesion and friction on nanoscale. It is impossible to take existing design of macroscopic device with movable parts and just reduce it to the nanoscale. Such approach will not work due to high surface energy of nanostructures, which means that all contacting parts will stick together following the energy minimization principle. The adhesion and static friction between parts can easily exceed the strength of materials, so the parts will break before they start to move relative to each other. This leads to the need to design movable structures with minimal contact area [[66]].

Potential uses for nanorobotics in medicine include early diagnosis and targeted drug-delivery for cancer,[67][68][69] biomedical instrumentation,[70] surgery,[71][72] pharmacokinetics,[10] monitoring of diabetes,[73][74][75] and health care.

In such plans, future medical nanotechnology is expected to employ nanorobots injected into the patient to perform work at a cellular level. Such nanorobots intended for use in medicine should be non-replicating, as replication would needlessly increase device complexity, reduce reliability, and interfere with the medical mission.

Nanotechnology provides a wide range of new technologies for developing customized means to optimize the delivery of pharmaceutical drugs. Today, harmful side effects of treatments such as chemotherapy are commonly a result of drug delivery methods that don't pinpoint their intended target cells accurately.[76] Researchers at Harvard and MIT, however, have been able to attach special RNA strands, measuring nearly 10nm in diameter, to nanoparticles, filling them with a chemotherapy drug. These RNA strands are attracted to cancer cells. When the nanoparticle encounters a cancer cell, it adheres to it, and releases the drug into the cancer cell.[77] This directed method of drug delivery has great potential for treating cancer patients while avoiding negative effects (commonly associated with improper drug delivery).[76][78] The first demonstration of nanomotors operating in living organisms was carried out in 2014 at University of California, San Diego.[79] MRI-guided nanocapsules are one potential precursor to nanorobots.[80]

Another useful application of nanorobots is assisting in the repair of tissue cells alongside white blood cells.[81] Recruiting inflammatory cells or white blood cells (which include neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and mast cells) to the affected area is the first response of tissues to injury.[82] Because of their small size, nanorobots could attach themselves to the surface of recruited white cells, to squeeze their way out through the walls of blood vessels and arrive at the injury site, where they can assist in the tissue repair process. Certain substances could possibly be used to accelerate the recovery.

The science behind this mechanism is quite complex. Passage of cells across the blood endothelium, a process known as transmigration, is a mechanism involving engagement of cell surface receptors to adhesion molecules, active force exertion and dilation of the vessel walls and physical deformation of the migrating cells. By attaching themselves to migrating inflammatory cells, the robots can in effect "hitch a ride" across the blood vessels, bypassing the need for a complex transmigration mechanism of their own.[81]

As of 2016[update], in the United States, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates nanotechnology on the basis of size.[83]

Nanocomposite particles that are controlled remotely by an electromagnetic field was also developed.[84] This series of nanorobots that are now enlisted in the Guinness World Records,[84] can be used to interact with the biological cells.[85] Scientists suggest that this technology can be used for the treatment of cancer.[86]

The Nanites are characters on the TV show Mystery Science Theater 3000. They're self-replicating, bio-engineered organisms that work on the ship and reside in the SOL's computer systems. They made their first appearance in Season 8.Nanites are used in a number of episodes in the Netflix series "Travelers". They be programmed and injected into injured people to perform repairs. First appearance in season 1

Nanites also feature in the Rise of Iron 2016 expansion for Destiny in which SIVA, a self-replicating nanotechnology is used as a weapon.

Nanites (referred to more often as Nanomachines) are often referenced in Konami's "Metal Gear" series being used to enhance and regulate abilities and body functions.

In the Star Trek franchise TV shows nanites play an important plot device. Starting with "Evolution" in the third season of The Next Generation, Borg Nanoprobes perform the function of maintaining the Borg cybernetic systems, as well as repairing damage to the organic parts of a Borg. They generate new technology inside a Borg when needed, as well as protecting them from many forms of disease.

Nanites play a role in the video game Deus Ex, being the basis of the nano-augmentation technology which gives augmented people superhuman abilities.

Nanites are also mentioned in the Arc of a Scythe book series by Neal Shusterman and are used to heal all nonfatal injuries, regulate bodily functions, and considerably lessen pain.

Nanites are also an integral part of the Stargate SG1 and Stargate Atlantis, where grey goo scenarios are portrayed.

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Nanorobotics - Wikipedia

The Nanotechnology in Medical market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, the impact of domestic and global market players like Amgen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer,, etc., value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

The Key Areas That Have Been Focused in the Report:

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Nanotechnology in Medical Market Segmentation:

Nanotechnology in Medical market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2016-2028, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Nanotechnology in Medical Market Report based on Product Type:

Nanotechnology in Medical Market Report based on Applications:

The key market players for global Nanotechnology in Medical market are listed below:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INCLUDE

Consumption Forecast, Market Opportunities & Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis, Market Size by Application, Market Size by Manufacturers, Market Size by Type, Nanotechnology in Medical Consumption by Regions, Nanotechnology in Medical Production by Regions, Production Forecasts, Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis, Key Findings in the Global Nanotechnology in Medical Study, Manufacturers Profiles

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Impact of COVID-19 on Nanotechnology in Medical Market

The report also contains the effect of the ongoing worldwide pandemic, i.e., COVID-19, on the Nanotechnology in Medical Market and what the future holds for it. It offers an analysis of the impacts of the epidemic on the international Market. The epidemic has immediately interrupted the requirement and supply series. The Nanotechnology in Medical Market report also assesses the economic effect on firms and monetary markets. Futuristic Reports has accumulated advice from several delegates of this business and has engaged from the secondary and primary research to extend the customers with strategies and data to combat industry struggles throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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In-depth Research on Nanotechnology in Medical Market Forecast Estimation & Approach 2022-2028 | Amgen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer,, and more...

by Srinivas Iyengar

One of the most awaited technologies on the verge of moving out of laboratories and set to enter commercial production is nanotechnology. There is so much buzz about nanotechnology that industries, from cosmetics, healthcare, and automobiles to aerospace, expect big disruptions due to nanotech. In the race for nano supremacy, I see healthcare as the most exciting space with a variety of use cases that can have a profound impact on humankind. In fact, nanotechnology is the most radical and wide-reaching emerging technology, and healthcare is its most urgent application.Before we delve deeper into the application of nanotechnology in healthcare, let us take a closer look at nanotechnology, its use cases, and its market share. This will give us a clearer perspective and some critical insights into this emerging technology.

Nanotech is a multidisciplinary field of research that deals with the restructuring and manipulation of matters that are of the size of 1 to 100 nanometers, i.e., at the molecular level. The word nano means dwarf in Greek and nanotechnology is the science of the extremely small!

The space where nanotechnology meets healthcare is called nanomedicine. Industry experts estimate the nanomedicine market share to grow up to $260Bn in 2025 from $141Bn in 2020.

While nanostructures occur naturally in soil, dust, oceans, plants, and animals, scientists today are building nano materials with newly manipulated attributes or engineered properties. This holds massive potential and opens new doors in drug delivery systems, body scans, gene therapy, identifying cancer cells, and health monitoring.

All thanks to the great scientist Richard Feynman who seeded the concept of nanotechnology in 1959. He was also regarded as one of the best safecrackers in the world! You can read a book written by him, Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!.The lexicon of nanotechnology

Nanometer (m): A nanometer is a unit of measurement which is 1 billionth of a meter. The smallest things around us are measured in nanometers. To illustrate, a DNA molecule is about 2.5 m wide compared to a red blood cell which is about 7 m.

Nanoparticles (Nanodots/Quantum dots): These are small particles that range anywhere between 1 to 100 Nm. We all know well that the smaller the material, the surface area to volume ratio increases. This ensures that nanoparticles have distinct optical, physical, and chemical properties and produce quantum effects.

Nanotubes: These are tubes with atom-thick walls and a tube-like structure mainly made of carbon materials. Nanotubes are a few nanometers wide, and their length can be up to a few millimeters. What makes them more attractive in the healthcare arena is that they are non-toxic and, therefore, safe to use.

Nanorobotics: Nanorobotics is the process of building robots at the nanoscale and such robots are called nanobots. They are typically nanoelectromechanical systems that can be programmed to carry out specific tasks.

The most promising use-cases of nanotechnology in healthcare

Industry experts believe that nanotechnology will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of healthcare. Lets take a look at some of its most compelling use cases that are already show promising results

Targeted Drug Delivery System: In todays conventional drug delivery mechanism, did you know that when you take a medicine for a headache, it possibly goes through your entire body, including the head, to give you relief? This also means that the drug delivery mechanism is inefficient, slow, requires more drug consumption than needed, and may impact non-targeted organs. Nanotechnology can carry drugs to specific cells and release them when it reaches the targeted organ or area. This can be highly instrumental, for instance, in curtailing the side effects of chemotherapy.

Diagnosis: A biomarker, in general, is a measurement, substance, or chemical in the body which indicates a disease or a condition. It is seen that nanotechnology can bridge the gap between measurable biomarkers representing the physiology of a biological process and clinical outcomes. Nanoparticles injected into humans can detect these biomarkers with extremely high efficacy as compared to scanning the human body from the outside, thereby reducing the chances of drug failure/rejection.

Medical Imaging: Nanoparticles/Quantum dots are so small that their surface area to volume ratio is relatively high, thus producing excellent contrast and fluoresce. In generic terms, a nanoparticle is more like a glow-in-the-dark thing, and its ability to reflect light will help us in biological labeling at the molecular level. Nanoparticles in medical devices and drug therapy can give us much better diagnosis results and treatments with a higher success rate.

Wound Treatment: One of the major pain points of wound healing is contamination with microorganisms. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that provide better wound healing efficacy with less bacterial resistance. They can be used as scaffolds for skin regeneration. Nanofibrous materials can also be used as delivery systems for drugs, proteins, growth factors, and other molecules. This will help us in targeted drug delivery with minimal and effective drug usage.

Needless to say, there exists great scope for advancements in nanotechnology that hold the potential to revolutionize and reinvent healthcare systems despite existing hurdles. Nanomedicine, nano pharmacology, nanoimaging, and targeted drug delivery systems will make the diagnosis and prevention of diseases, and care delivery more efficient and patient-centric.

Srinivas Iyengar, VP & Head of Healthcare and Life Sciences, Happiest Minds.

(DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the author and ETHealthworld does not necessarily subscribe to it. ETHealthworld.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person / organisation directly or indirectly)

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Nanotechnology is poised to shape the future of healthcare - ETHealthWorld

The new report by Expert Market Research titled, GlobalNanomedicine MarketReport and Forecast 2022-2027, gives an in-depth analysis of the global nanomedicine market, assessing the market based on its segments like product type, Application, Nanomolecule Type and major regions. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analysing the market based on the SWOT and Porters Five Forces models.

Request a free sample copy in PDF or view the report[emailprotected]https://bityl.co/CUiU

The key highlights of the report include:

Market Overview (2017-2027)

The rising usage of nanomaterials such as nanocapsules and nanotubes in drug delivery systems can be linked to the rise in demand for nanomedicines. The rise in cancer and cardiovascular disease occurrences has boosted the need for nanomedicines, resulting in increased public and private investment in nanomedicine research and breakthroughs in biodegradable nanoparticles. The cost-effectiveness of these medicines, as well as their lack of adverse effects, are important drivers of the nanomedicine industrys expansion.

The North American nanomedicine sector is predicted to be one of the main markets for nanomedicine in the forecast period of 2022-2027, thanks to significant government investment on nanomedicine research in the United States. The regions growth is attributed to the greater availability of patented nanomedicine items. Nanomedicine is easily available in this region, in addition to a well-developed healthcare infrastructure and a high prevalence of cancer, which has assisted market expansion.The Asia Pacific regions huge senior population is experiencing high rates of cancer and cardiovascular illness, which is likely to drive the regions nanomedicine industry. The regional market for nanomedicine is predicted to be one of the fastest expanding. Increased research funds to combat life-threatening diseases are likely to boost market expansion in Asia Pacific, with nations like China and Japan leading the way.

Industry Definition and Major Segments

Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology that focuses on diagnosing, treating, monitoring, and controlling biological systems. By modifying materials at the nanoscale, it increases drug delivery. As a result, nanomedicine has helped in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.

Nanomedicine is still in its infancy, with a slew of new products in the works. Nanobiotix has discovered 230 nanomedicine items that are either labelled or in the testing phase. Out of the 230 products, 49 are now on the market, and 122 are in various stages of clinical testing, including Phase II and Phase III trials.

Explore the full report with the table of[emailprotected]https://bityl.co/CUiR

By application, the market is categorised into:

Based on product type, the market can be segmented into:

Based on nanomolecule type, the industry is categorised into:

The major regional markets of nanomedicine are:

Market Trends

Nanotechnology is now making great development in the identification and treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and other disorders in the healthcare industry, which is one of the most important areas where nanotechnology has made substantial success. As healthcare corporations focus on transdermal insulin administration and the industrys attention shifts toward transdermal medicine delivery, businesses investigating patch technology have attracted considerable funding. Furthermore, in order to limit the danger of adverse effects, the personalised medicine delivery strategy is being heavily emphasised. This approach delivers reachability with greater efficacy and less degradation by bypassing the bodys defense mechanisms. In the next years, such technical advancements and investments are projected to propel the industry forward.

Key Market Players

The major players in the market are Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc., Ablynx N.V., AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Celgene Corporation and Others.

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Expert Market Research is a leading business intelligence firm, providing custom and syndicated market reports along with consultancy services for our clients. We serve a wide client base ranging from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium enterprises. Our reports cover over 100 industries across established and emerging markets researched by our skilled analysts who track the latest economic, demographic, trade and market data globally.

At Expert Market Research, we tailor our approach according to our clients needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential. We offer market intelligence across a range of industry verticals which include Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Technology, Retail, Chemical and Materials, Energy and Mining, Packaging and Agriculture.

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*We at Expert Market Research always thrive to give you the latest information. The numbers in the article are only indicative and may be different from the actual report.

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Global Nanomedicine Market To Be Driven By Increased Government Backing And Funding, As Well As The Growing Demand For Specific Therapies In The...

Shan F, Liu Y, Jiang H, Tong F. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:76137625.

The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the alleged manipulation of the in vitro transfection images shown in Figure 4C and the duplication of histopathological images shown in Figure 5A.

The authors responded to our queries and explained the fluorescent images collected for Figure 4C had mistakenly been superimposed on top of each other and the duplication of images in Figure 5Ab and 5Ac had occurred inadvertently during the figure preparation. The authors also provided original data for the figures in question. However, the authors explanation and the provided data was not satisfactory, and the Editor requested for the article to be retracted. The authors were notified of this decision.

We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.

The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as Retracted.

This retraction relates to this paper

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Retraction for the article In vitro and in vivo protein release and an | IJN - Dove Medical Press

Theglobal clinical trial management system marketis expected to rise due to the augmented use of these systems, increased R&D investment by life science and clinical research organizations, and the rapid expansion of healthcare IT sector. A clinical trial management system refers to a software programme utilized in the management of clinical studies. The system keeps track of the reporting, executing, and planning duties, as well as the deadlines and contact information of participants. In addition to that, the features of a clinical trial management system (CTMS) come with the ability to oversee linked clinical trials by therapeutic area based on a set of particular clinical activities and the ability to track site monitoring.

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An increase in the number of new deadly illnesses has resulted in a tremendous need for vaccines and medicines. To satisfy the need, it requires clinical trials to demonstrate medicines and vaccines meet the specific requirements. The number of clinical trials that are conducted is increasing because of rising demand and the need to meet it, which is likely to boost the adoption of clinical trial management systems and spur development of the global clinical trial management system market. Demand for these systems has risen to new heights as a result of technological advancements.

Some prominent players that are operating in the global clinical trial management system market are DataTRAK International Inc., Parexel International Corporation, Bio-Optronics, Inc., Dassault Systmes SE, MedNet GmbH, and International Business Machines Corporation.

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During the forecast period, from 2019 to 2027, the global clinical trials management system market is likely to be driven by escalating demand for novel medicines and increased research and development activities. The global clinical trials management system market was worth around US$ 1.4 Bn in 2018, and is expected to grow at a 10.5% CAGR over the forecast period, from 2019 to 2027.

Rising Demand for Drug Development to Drive the Market in North America

The global clinical trial management systems market was led by North America, with the US coming up as one of the leading contributors in the regional market. Various factors such as increased spending on research and development activities and rising demand for development of drugs are likely to assist in the growth of regional market. Increased financing for clinical research, along with an increase in the number of clinical trials and studies, and expected to support market growth in the years to come.

Pharmaceutical firms R&D expenses have also grown in recent years, thanks to a greater emphasis on therapeutic areas, complicated compounds, and regulating markets. Pharmaceutical businesses in the US spend more energy, time, and money on research and development than other industries. The biopharmaceutical sector, for example, spent an estimated US$ 102 Bn on research and development activities in 2018, according to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America.

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Due to the surge in research and clinical trials in the North Americaregion, thedemand for these systems is projected to rise, thereby assisting in the expansion of the market in the region throughout the forecast period, from 2019 to 2027.

Rise in Financing from Various Government Bodies to Support Demand in the Market

Medical research is receiving impetus by increased government financing and investments from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. In the forthcoming years, this trend is expected to enhance growth of the global clinical trials management system market. CTMS systems are continually advancing in terms of technology. Lack of experienced experts is forcing pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to engage in staff training programmes to familiarize people with various elements of complex solutions, particularly in developing nations. Furthermore, because of their capacity to combine a broad spectrum of applications, the prices of these systems are considerable. As a result, the high cost of CTMS is expected to deter small- and medium-sized businesses from adopting it.

However, the the global clinical trials management system market is expected to grow as the number of clinical studies increases. Furthermore, there is a significant demand for analysis of clinical trial results and effective data management. All of these elements are expected to contribute towards the expansion of the market in the years to come.

Rising government funding and investments by biotechnology and pharmaceutical are promoting medical research activities. This factor is anticipated to boost the market growth over the forecast period. The CTMS solutions are rapidly undergoing technological advancements. Lack of skilled professionals, especially in developing countries, is pushing pharmaceutical and biotechnological firms to invest in staff training programs to make them familiar with various aspects of sophisticated solutions. Furthermore, costs of these systems are high owing to their ability to integrate a wide range of capabilities. Thus, small- and medium-sized companies anticipate high cost associated with CTMS to hinder adoption.

However, increasing number of clinical trials is anticipated to boost the growth of the market for CTMS. Furthermore, the demand for efficient data management and analysis of clinical trial outcomes is also high. All these factors are projected to contribute to market growth.

The information provided in the review has been extracted from a TMR report titled Clinical Trial Management System Market (Mode of Delivery On-premise, Web-based, and Cloud-based; Component- Software, Hardware, and Services; Type Enterprise-based and Site-based; End use Pharmaceutical Industries, Contract Research Organizations, and Health Care Providers) Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2019 2027.

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Clinical Trial Management System Market Size to Expand Significantly by the End of 2027 - Digital Journal

Dr Venugopal G Consultant Neurosurgeon Yashoda hospitals Hyderabad

The diagnosis of a brain tumour can be devastating for the patient and the family. A brain tumour is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in your brain. Many different types of brain tumours exist. Some brain tumours are noncancerous (benign), and some brain tumours are cancerous (malignant).

Doctors who treat brain tumours or brain cancer patients have some learnings to share. We asked Dr Venugopal G, Consultant Neurosurgeon, Yashoda Hospitals in Hyderabad - whether during the tests and treatment of brain tumour patients they ever felt helpless, wished the patient had done a certain thing to be healed sooner etc.

Renowned Neurosurgeon Dr Venugopal G said, "My biggest regret is knowing the poor prognosis of a brain tumour and yet need to operate the patient when they can only survive for a couple of years or less and family or relatives spending around 8-10 lakhs (work up, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy).In some cases, there is no light at the end of the tunnel! Literally, we have a flash of these once we look at the MRI scan revealing an ugly tumour such as the GBM!"

The doctor knows!

Get treated from the best equipped:

Dr Venugopal G says, "Our hospital (Yashoda Hospitals in Hyderabad) is equipped with all the latest gadgets in all three departments (Neurosurgery, Oncology and Radiotherapy) which work like a well-oiled machine while handling a patient. Where neurosurgery is concerned, we have 3T MRI and CT for evaluation of the tumour and we can as well do an fMRI to look for the eloquent area damage, followed by the well equipped modular operation theatre which has an advanced Pentero microscope, CUSA, high-speed drill, Neuro Navigation, intraoperative 3T MRI, IONM ( Intra Operative Neuro Monitoring), Endoscopes. Paragon An expert neurosurgeon's skill is amplified by these peerless types of equipment."

Is a brain tumour always terminal/fatal?

Dr Venugopal says, no. "Research is going on things are getting better for some of the tumours. Thanks to the molecular biologists and new technologies in the surgeon's armamentarium. For low-grade gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary adenomas which usually come under grades I and II things are very reassuring compared to a decade ago.

"Some of the tumours like GBM, and metastatic brain tumours are still lethal but even in these types, some breakthroughs are coming albeit at clinical trial levels only. Nanomedicine surely is the only hope for this kind of tumours. These tumour cells multiply at a rapid pace and will be resistant to some of the available chemo drugs and radiotherapy too. Research in all the fields (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) will bring a panacea for patients with these lethal tumours.

The date, significance, importance, history and theme of World Brain Tumour Day:

The World Brain Tumour Day is observed on June 8 every year to spread awareness about brain tumours and educate people about them. The non-profit organisation, Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe e.V or German Brain Tumour Association, observed the first World Brain Tumour Day on June 8, 2000.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness programme or making any changes to your diet.

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World Brain Tumour Day 2022: The biggest regrets of neurosurgeons who treat brain cancer cancer patients - Times Now

Nanotechnology today is growing very rapidly and has infinite applications in almost everything we do. The medicine we take, food we eat, chemicals we use, car we drive and much much more.mknano offers large variety of nano products in various forms as mentioned below. We offer many nano powders at very affordable prices.

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In 2019, Ikea announced it had developed curtains that it claimed could break down common indoor air pollutants. The secret, it said, was the fabrics special coating. What if we could use textiles to clean the air? asked Ikeas product developer, Mauricio Affonso, in a promotional video for the Gunrid curtains.

After explaining that the coating was a photocatalyst (similar to photosynthesis, found in nature), Affonso is shown gazing up at the gauzy curtains while uplifting music plays. Its amazing to work on something that can give people the opportunity to live a healthier life at home.

Puzzled by these claims how could a mineral coating clean the air? Avicenn, a French environmental nonprofit organisation, investigated. Independent laboratory tests of the Gunrid textile reported that samples contained tiny particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) a substance not normally toxic but which can be possibly carcinogenic if inhaled, and potentially in other forms which supposedly gives self-cleaning properties to things such as paint and windows when exposed to sunlight.

These tiny particles, or nanoparticles, are at the forefront of materials science. Nanoparticles come in all shapes spheres, cubes, fibres or sheets but the crucial thing is their size: they are smaller than 100 nanometres (a human hair is approximately 80,000nm thick).

Many nanoparticles exist in nature. Nano-hairs make a geckos feet sticky, and nano-proteins make a spiders silk strong. But they can be manufactured, and because they are so small, they have special properties that make them attractive across a range of endeavours not just to companies such as Ikea. In medicine, they can transport cancer drugs directly into tumour cells, and nanosilver is used to coat medical breathing tubes and bandages. Nanos could direct pesticides to parts of a plant, or release nutrients from fertilisers in a more controlled manner.

They also have more mundane uses. Synthetic nanos are added to cosmetics and food. Nanosilver is used in textiles, where it is claimed to give antibacterial properties to plasters, gym leggings, yoga mats and period pants.

But scientists such as those at Avicenn are concerned that when these household items get washed, recycled or thrown away, synthetic nanos are released into the environment making their way into the soil and sea in ways that are still not understood. Some scientists believe nanoparticles could pose an even greater threat than microplastics.

Synthetic nano particles of plastic have been found in the ocean and in ice on both poles. Nanoparticles from socks and sunscreen have been found to pollute water, and certain nanos have been shown to negatively affect marine wildlife including fish and crustaceans. As with antibiotics, resistance to antimicrobial nanosilver can develop silver-tolerant soil bacteria have now been found.

Little is known even about where nanoparticles are, let alone their effects on the environment. As they are so tiny, most experiments are conducted in labs, and it can be hard to pin down where they are applied.

The main problem with these substances is that we cannot measure them we know they are there but theyre so tiny theyre difficult to detect, which is why you dont hear as much about them, says Nick Voulvoulis, professor of environmental technology at Imperial College London.

He worries about the uncontrolled use of nanos in consumer products. If nanos are used properly in applications that are useful or beneficial, thats justified, but if they are used anywhere and everywhere because they have certain properties, thats crazy.

Synthetic nanoparticles are not inherently harmful. Like their natural cousins, many are metal-based, but they can be made of any substance. Crucially, unlike chemical compounds, they cannot be dissolved. Their tiny size gives them, paradoxically, an enormous surface area, which makes them behave differently to non-nano versions of the same material. It can make them more mobile, more reactive and potentially more toxic, depending on shape, size, type, how a substance is released into the environment and its concentration.

And released into the environment they are, on a massive scale. According to Avicenn, the release of nanos is most likely during manufacture or disposal, but it can also happen when items are washed which is known to occur with fabrics containing nanosilver. Sewage systems cannot trap them and they end up in the ocean: the OECD says even advanced wastewater-treatment plants cannot deal with nanoparticles.

From a health perspective, inhalation is the most harmful route of exposure to nanos such as TiO2 for factory workers and consumers. Avicenns tests concluded that the average particle size was 4.9nm, and all 300 particles analysed were below the official nano threshold of 100nm.

Ikea insisted its own tests showed the TiO2 particles were properly bound to the fabric and pose no risk to customers, and said it took workers safety extremely seriously. The firm has not referred to them as nanoparticles, and said that once integrated into textile surfaces there was no good standard method to measure the particle size distribution of a material, acknowledging that EU definitions of nanomaterials were under review.

We recognise that the tests and measurements of nano-particles are complex, especially for materials containing particles that tend to form agglomerates, it said.

As for Ikeas curtains shedding TiO2 nanoparticles when washed or discarded, Ikea said it was confident that the treatment is properly bound to the fabric, and therefore we do not see a risk of inhaling the treatment, but acknowledged that as with any textile, parts of the textile can come off during use or washing.

Many nanos do not persist for long in the environment. However, because they are consistently being discharged, levels remain fairly constant. Nanos are pseudo-persistent because they degrade quite quickly but they keep entering the environment, Voulvoulis says.

His main concern is whether nanos become carriers for other compounds, a subject of scientific debate. In 2009, Spanish scientists suggested nanos could bind to and transport toxic pollutants, and possibly be toxic themselves by generating reactive free radicals. If other toxic pollutants latch on to nanos surfaces, they argued, marine plants and animals could absorb them more easily.

Other scientists suggest the opposite: that organic matter in sewage coat nanoparticles, rendering them less active. And others fear nanos could trigger toxic cocktail effects making them more harmful in combination than individual substances would be separately.

So far, synthetic nanomaterials are relatively dispersed in the sea, and unlikely to significantly affect marine animals, says Dr Tobias Lammel of Gothenburg University, who has studied copper nanos. But he warns: Its possible that the concentration of some manufactured nanomaterials in the marine environment will increase It is important to keep an eye on this.

Given the huge question marks, Avicenn wants more stringent regulations on nanos, and more caution in product design. Companies are eager to sell innovative and fancy products, but they must thoroughly assess their benefits-risks balance at each step of the life-cycle of the products, says Mathilde Detcheverry, Avicenns policy manager.

From August, the EU will ban use of TiO2 nanos in food (where it is called E171) and the European Commission recently announced that 12 nanomaterials would soon be prohibited in cosmetics.

Detcheverry says: As scientific knowledge about the environmental and health impacts of engineered nanos such as silver and titanium dioxide advances, we need to make sure nanos are only allowed for specific and essential uses in order to minimise any adverse effects at the source and [ensure they are] not released uncontrollably.

Two years after the release of Ikeas Gunrid curtains, Avicenn tried to buy more for further tests, but they had been withdrawn from sale.

Ikea told the Guardian that Gunrid remained safe to use as a traditional curtain but it was withdrawn because the functionality was not as effective as expected. If thats true for example, that despite TiO2 having proven photocatalytic properties and being used in self-cleaning and air-purifying products, its efficacy on curtains could be localised and not powerful then at the very least Ikeas experience suggests nanoparticles benefits may not outweigh the potential and frequently unknown risks, Detcheverry says.

Nanoparticles are often promoted as silver bullets against pollution or bacteria, she says, but we must make sure that the cure is not worse than the disease.

Gunrid was just one product of many thousands that use nanoparticles. As Ikeas Affonso says in the video: Whats so great about Gunrid is that this technology could be applied to any textile.

This article was amended on 26 April 2022 to correct the spelling of Gothenburg.

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Nano state: tiny and now everywhere, how big a problem are nanoparticles? - The Guardian

image:Professor Dr. Holger Frey view more

Credit: photo/: private

Since the first PEGylated drug was developed in the 1980s, the so-called PEGylation has become a standard procedure in the pharmaceutical sciences. The technique involves concealing active biopharmaceuticals under a kind of "cloak of invisibility" by means of conjugation with the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG). Consequently, they are not subjected to rapid degradation or undesirable attack by the immune system. The mRNA vaccines designed to protect against infection with the coronavirus are, for example, PEGylated. Unfortunately, problems with the concept are emerging, since an increasing number of individuals is developing antibodies against PEG, which in some instances can trigger severe allergic reactions. Professor Holger Frey of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) is currently developing a novel procedure intended to sidestep the drawbacks of PEGylation, but at the same time preserving its benefits. He has been awarded an ERC Advanced Grant worth EUR 2.5 million to support his research. An Advanced Grant is the EU's most richly endowed funding program, awarded by the European Research Council (ERC) to outstanding researchers. Holger Frey has been Professor of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry at JGU since 2002 and is an internationally recognized expert in the field of polyether chemistry.

PEGylation a key strategy of current nanomedicine

Polyethylene glycol is a substance that is fairly ubiquitous. It is present in cosmetics, toothpaste, detergents, lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, foodstuffs, and textiles. PEG is employed in pharmaceutical technology and medicine as a carrier medium for active substances and in an extensive range of special applications. On the molecular level, PEG really comes into its own when it is conjugated with biopharmaceuticals and proteins to protect these through the process known as PEGylation. "PEGylation of many commercially available drugs is absolutely indispensable," emphasized Professor Holger Frey. "Without this, our bodies would identify the related active substances, including mRNA vaccines, as dangerous intruders and would rapidly degrade and excrete them. The camouflage effect has worked well for the past 30 years, but it looks like the magic is wearing off."

This is due to our immune system, which in many individuals no longer allows the polymer to circulate undetected in the bloodstream. The results of recent studies indicate that up 70 percent of the population in developed countries has antibodies against PEG; in the early 1980s, the corresponding percentage was just one to two percent. The result is that the immune system often quickly removes drugs conjugated with PEG from the blood circulation so that they are unable to develop their therapeutic effects. Moreover, there can also be intolerance and even severe allergic reactions effects that the technique was originally meant to prevent.

Research group to develop special PEG structures for use with medical drugs

One solution to this problem would be to devise new PEG-derived structures for use in medicine that differ from those exploited in everyday products. The purpose of the ERC-sponsored project RandoPEGMed is thus to create modified polymers for conjugation with medicinal agents. The basis will still be polyethylene glycol, but a PEG supplemented by additional building blocks. "What we are planning to do is break down the uniform structure by the insertion of randomly distributed irregularities," Frey clarified. "This should restore the masking effect, enabling the drugs to reach their intended destinations without being discovered by the immune system." Professor Holger Frey has many years of experience in this particular area. Over the past ten years and with the help of his team of 25 personnel, he has come up with a method that allows to precisely analyze polymer structures on the molecular level.

ERC Advanced Grants: Recognition for international top-level research

Holger Frey studied chemistry at the University of Freiburg and, following study periods in the USA and France, obtained his doctorate at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. He has been Professor of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry at JGU since 2002. His research field is new polymer materials including polymers for medical and pharmaceutical use as well as bio-based, potentially sustainable materials that could be used as alternatives to plastics made from fossil raw materials. The results of his research have appeared in more than 400 original publications and review articles while he has also obtained more than 40 patents. In addition, he is an associate editor of Polymer Chemistry of the Royal Society of Chemistry, one of the leading journals in the field of polymers. Among the various undertakings he is involved in at JGU, he is also co-project coordinator of Collaborative Research Center 1066 that targets nanodimensional polymer therapeutics for tumor therapy. This is an interdisciplinary research network that involves significant collaboration between the fields of chemistry, the pharmaceutical sciences, and medicine.

ERC Advanced Grants are awarded to outstanding researchers to enable them to work on projects considered to be highly speculative due to their innovative approach, but which, because of this, can open up access to new approaches in the corresponding research field. Only researchers who have already made significant breakthroughs and have been successfully working for at least ten years at the highest levels of international research are eligible for the grant. The only criteria considered in awarding ERC funding are the academic excellence of the researcher in question and the nature of their research project. An ERC grant thus also represents an important acknowledgement of the recipient's individual achievements

Related links:https://erc.europa.eu/news/erc-2021-advanced-grants-results ERC Advanced Grants 2022 ;https://www.ak-frey.chemie.uni-mainz.de/ Research group of Professor Holger Frey ;https://sfb1066.de/ Collaborative Research Center 1066: Nanodimensional polymer therapeutics for tumor therapy

Read more: https://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/aktuell/9265_ENG_HTML.php press release "Nylon as a building block for transparent electronic devices?" (19 Aug. 2019)

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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New invisibility cloak for therapeutics: Holger Frey receives ERC Advanced Grant to support his innovative research - EurekAlert

Apr 27, 2022(Nanowerk News) Engineered tissues have become a critical component for modeling diseases and testing the efficacy and safety of drugs in a human context. A major challenge for researchers has been how to model body functions and systemic diseases with multiple engineered tissues that can physiologically communicate - just like they do in the body.However, it is essential to provide each engineered tissue with its own environment so that the specific tissue phenotypes can be maintained for weeks to months, as required for biological and biomedical studies. Making the challenge even more complex is the necessity of linking the tissue modules together to facilitate their physiological communication, which is required for modeling conditions that involve more than one organ system, without sacrificing the individual engineered tissue environments.Novel plug-and-play multi-organ chip, customized to the patientUp to now, no one has been able to meet both conditions. A team of researchers from Columbia Engineering and Columbia University Irving Medical Center reports that they have developed a model of human physiology in the form of a multi-organ chip consisting of engineered human heart, bone, liver, and skin that are linked by vascular flow with circulating immune cells, to allow recapitulation of interdependent organ functions.The researchers have essentially created a plug-and-play multi-organ chip, which is the size of a microscope slide, that can be customized to the patient. Because disease progression and responses to treatment vary greatly from one person to another, such a chip will eventually enable personalized optimization of therapy for each patient.The new multi-organ chip has the size of a glass microscope slide and allows the culture of up to four human engineered tissues, whose location and number can be tailored to the question being asked. These tissues are connected by vascular flow, but the presence of a selectively permeable endothelial barrier maintains their tissue-specific niche. (Image: Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard/Columbia Engineering)The study is the cover story of the April 2022 issue of Nature Biomedical Engineering ("A multi-organ chip with matured tissue niches linked by vascular flow").This is a huge achievement for usweve spent ten years running hundreds of experiments, exploring innumerable great ideas, and building many prototypes, and now at last weve developed this platform that successfully captures the biology of organ interactions in the body, said the project leader Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, University Professor and the Mikati Foundation Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Dental Medicine.Inspired by the human bodyTaking inspiration from how the human body works, the team has built a human tissue-chip system in which they linked matured heart, liver, bone, and skin tissue modules by recirculating vascular flow, allowing for interdependent organs to communicate just as they do in the human body.The researchers chose these tissues because they have distinctly different embryonic origins, structural and functional properties, and are adversely affected by cancer treatment drugs, presenting a rigorous test of the proposed approach.Providing communication between tissues while preserving their individual phenotypes has been a major challenge, said Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard, the studys lead author and an associate research scientist in Vunjak-Novakovics Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering. Because we focus on using patient-derived tissue models we must individually mature each tissue so that it functions in a way that mimics responses you would see in the patient, and we dont want to sacrifice this advanced functionality when connecting multiple tissues. In the body, each organ maintains its own environment, while interacting with other organs by vascular flow carrying circulating cells and bioactive factors. So we chose to connect the tissues by vascular circulation, while preserving each individual tissue niche that is necessary to maintain its biological fidelity, mimicking the way that our organs are connected within the body. In the study, the team cultured liver, heart, bone, and skin, connected by vascular flow for four weeks. These tissues can be generated from a single human induced pluripotent stem cell, generating a patient-specific chip, a great model for individualized studies of human disease and drug testing. (Image: Keith Yeager/Columbia Engineering)Optimized tissue modules can be maintained for more than a monthThe group created tissue modules, each within its optimized environment and separated them from the common vascular flow by a selectively permeable endothelial barrier. The individual tissue environments were able to communicate across the endothelial barriers and via vascular circulation. The researchers also introduced into the vascular circulation the monocytes giving rise to macrophages, because of their important roles in directing tissue responses to injury, disease, and therapeutic outcomes.All tissues were derived from the same line of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), obtained from a small sample of blood, in order to demonstrate the ability for individualized, patient-specific studies. And, to prove the model can be used for long-term studies, the team maintained the tissues, which had already been grown and matured for four to six weeks, for an additional four weeks, after they were linked by vascular perfusion.Using the model to study anticancer drugsThe researchers also wanted to demonstrate how the model could be used for studies of an important systemic condition in a human context and chose to examine the adverse effects of anticancer drugs. They investigated the effects of doxorubicin a broadly used anticancer drug on heart, liver, bone, skin, and vasculature. They showed that the measured effects recapitulated those reported from clinical studies of cancer therapy using the same drug.The team developed in parallel a novel computational model of the multi-organ chip for mathematical simulations of drugs absorption, distribution, metabolism, and secretion. This model correctly predicted doxorubicins metabolism into doxorubicinol and its diffusion into the chip. The combination of the multi-organ chip with computational methodology in future studies of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of other drugs provides an improved basis for preclinical to clinical extrapolation, with improvements in the drug development pipeline.While doing that, we were also able to identify some early molecular markers of cardiotoxicity, the main side-effect that limits the broad use of the drug. Most notably, the multi-organ chip predicted precisely the cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy that often require clinicians to decrease therapeutic dosages of doxorubicin or even to stop the therapy," said Vunjak-Novakovic.The tissues cultured in the multi-organ chip (skin, heart, bone, liver, and endothelial barrier from left to right) maintained their tissue-specific structure and function after being linked by vascular flow. (Image: Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard/Columbia Engineering)Collaborations across the universityThe development of the multi-organ chip began from a platform with the heart, liver, and vasculature, nicknamed the HeLiVa platform. As is always the case with Vunjak-Novakovics biomedical research, collaborations were critical for completing the work. These include the collective talent of her laboratory, Andrea Califano and his systems biology team (Columbia University), Christopher S. Chen (Boston University) and Karen K. Hirschi (University of Virginia) with their expertise in vascular biology and engineering, Angela M. Christiano and her skin research team (Columbia University), Rajesh K. Soni of the Proteomics Core at Columbia University, and the computational modeling support of the team at CFD Research Corporation.A multitude of applications, all in individualized patient-specific contextsThe research team is currently using variations of this chip to study, all in individualized patient-specific contexts: breast cancer metastasis; prostate cancer metastasis; leukemia; effects of radiation on human tissues; the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on heart, lung, and vasculature; the effects of ischemia on the heart and brain; and the safety and effectiveness of drugs. The group is also developing a user-friendly standardized chip for both academic and clinical laboratories, to help utilize its full potential for advancing biological and medical studies.Vunjak-Novakovic added, After ten years of research on organs-on-chips, we still find it amazing that we can model a patients physiology by connecting millimeter sized tissues the beating heart muscle, the metabolizing liver, and the functioning skin and bone that are grown from the patients cells. We are excited about the potential of this approach. Its uniquely designed for studies of systemic conditions associated with injury or disease, and will enable us to maintain the biological properties of engineered human tissues along with their communication. One patient at a time, from inflammation to cancer!

Continued here:

Plug-and-play organ-on-a-chip can be customized to the patient - Nanowerk

Introduction

Recently nanoscale drugs become an area of intense novel drug research.1,2 Several nanocarriers, including liposomes, have been utilized for cancer therapies.3,4 Among these, liposomes have attracted the most attention because of their potency of side effects,5 prolonged the retention-time for encapsulated payloads in cancer cells,6 effectively resolving some of the problems of off-target effects of anticancer drugs by improving the pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological properties of several agents.7,8

Clinical trials are the most effective strategy for evaluating the efficacy of a drug on a specific disease9,10 and are a critical step in the successful development of more effective drugs.11 Thus, exploring clinical trials, especially analyzing registered clinical trials, has become an important facet of research to help future clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov is a public trial registry provided by the US National Library of Medicine and the US Food and Drug Administration. Zarin et al12 postulated that the number of clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.gov accounted for more than 80% of all studies in the World Health Organizations International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. This proportion will likely expand with further implementation of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA 801), which expands the scope of mandatory clinical trial registration.13 Moreover, a joint statement from all International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) member journals indicated that clinical trials must be publicly registered in trials registries before they are considered for publication. Therefore, to better evaluate the breadth of liposome treatments for pediatric cancers, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the characteristic of registered trials in ClinicalTrials.gov regarding liposomes in childrens anticancer therapy.

A cross-sectional, descriptive study of clinical trials for LCAT registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov database was conducted. The trials were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov using the advanced search function with the search term cancer for condition or disease and the term liposome for Other terms on December 30, 2021. All of the identified clinical trials were assessed to obtain records of all studies. Intervention and observation studies were all included. We used the age field as a filter, and we included trials explicitly designed for the child (birth 17 years of age). Next, we manually reviewed all of the trials and selected those using liposomal drugs for childrens anticancer therapy. Trials utilizing non-liposomal drugs were excluded. The following information and data were extracted: registered number, title, study type, conditions, interventions, locations, start date, the status of the trial, study results, study samples, participant ages, primary sponsor, location, primary purpose, phases of each trial, allocation, intervention model, masking and intervention. All trials were then further subclassified according to their study type. We used descriptive statistics to characterize trial categories. Frequencies and percentages were provided for categorical data. All analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office Excel 2010, Microsoft Corporation).

The initial search identified 1552 clinical trials on liposomes in cancer therapy registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov database through December 30, 2021. After using the age field (child; birth 17 years of age) as a filter, 352 trials focusing on liposomes in childrens anticancer therapy were included. After carefully reviewing all the information, 278 trials were not liposomal drugs and were excluded. Thus, a total of 74 registered trials focusing on liposomes in childrens anticancer therapy were subsequently included, including four observational studies and 70 intervention trials (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Flowchart of trial selection.

The basic characteristics of the included trials are shown in Table 1. Among the 74 eligible trials, 70 (94.6%) were interventional trials, and the 4 (5.4%) were observational trials. Half of these trials were initiated prior to 2007. Every five years, the number of initiated trials changed a little from 2007 to 2021. Most of the included trials (47.3%) have been completed, although only 23.0% of trials had available results in this database. The sources of funding were indicated for 40.5% of trials. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) was the second-largest contributor, accounting for 36.5% of included trials. North America was the most frequently identified study location (68.9%), followed by Europe (14.9%), Asia (12.2%), and other (4.1%).

Table 1 Characteristics of All Included Trials

Of the four observational trials, two were retrospective, and two trials were prospective. Of the 70 interventional trials, 63 (90.0%) were for treatment, 3 (4.3%) were for supportive care, 2 (2.9%) were for diagnostic, and 2 (2.9%) were for prevention. The allocation concealment was not clear in 48.6% of these studies. 21 (30.0%) trials were randomized, and 15 (21.4%) trials were non-randomized. More than half of the intervention models were single group assignments (52.9%), followed by parallel assignments (22.9%), and unknown (21.4%). Among the 70 interventional trials, the majority of trials (50, 71.4%) were without masking, 13 (18.6%) were with unknown masking, and 7 (10.0%) were with masking (1 single masking, 4 double maskings, and 2 quadruple maskings). 20 (28.6%) were phase 3 trials, 21 (30.0%) were phase 1 trials, and 17 (24.3%) were phase 2 trials. More than half of the trials recruited less than 50 participants, 12 trials (17.1%) recruited 100500 individuals, and 12 trials (17.1%) did not indicate the number of participants. The study design characteristics of interventional trials are displayed in Table 2.

Table 2 Study Design Elements of Interventional Trials (n = 70)

A total of 70 interventional trials investigated 17 liposomal drugs, mainly focused on organic chemicals (43/70, 61.4%). 32 trials (45.7%) investigated liposomal doxorubicin. Of these trials for liposomal drugs, the highest proportion was testing liposomal doxorubicin (45.7%), followed by liposomal vincristine (17.1%) and liposomal cytarabine (5.7%). Three trials investigated liposomal complex compounds, of which two trials were liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine, and one trial was liposomal doxorubicin-daunorubicin. A summary of studied liposomal drugs for prevention is provided in Table 3.

Table 3 Overview of Drugs for Prevention

A total of 70 interventional trials investigated 17 liposomal drugs for 123 types of cancer. Of these cancers, the highest proportion was leukemia (15.4%), followed by lymphoma (9.8%) and ovarian cancer (8.9%). Detailed data is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Overview cancer types assessed for liposomal treatment for prevention (n = 123). The following cancers appeared only once: advanced cancer, bone cancer, germ cell tumors, glioma, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, kidney tumor, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, pediatric cancer, plasma cell neoplasm, precancerous condition, and prostate cancer.

Liposomes have been extensively investigated for overcoming cancer drug resistance,14 cancer-targeted therapy,15 and as a sustained and controlled release drug delivery system.16 However, liposomes do have limited clinical utility due to properties such as uncontrollable drug release, instability in storage, and insufficient drug loading.17 Specifically, due to their small aqueous internal volumes, liposomes have a relatively low encapsulation efficacy for water-soluble drugs.18 Meanwhile, large-scale liposomes production with low batch-to-batch differences is a challenge for the industry, which ultimately delays the clinical translation of new products.19 In addition, recruitment of children is a persistent challenge for researchers seeking to include these populations in clinical trials.20 First, societal concerns and parental emotional involvement can act to delay or prevent certain types of paediatric research.20,21 Second, medical ethics and clinical trial design for children need further refinement.22 Thus, the number of trials of liposomes in childrens anticancer therapy has not increased significantly over time and clinical trials focusing on liposomes account for only about 4.77% (74/1552) of clinical trials on liposomes in cancer therapy. Liposomally-delivered drugs have predominantly been organic chemicals (43/70, 61.4%). For example, 32 trials (45.7%) investigated liposomal doxorubicin. These results were following previous literature reports on the efficacy of delivering doxorubicin this way. To enhance the solubility of a hydrophobic substance, lipid-based drug delivery systems, especially liposomes, are among the best candidates.2325

In this study, the highest proportion of cancer type for prevention in a children was leukemia (15.4%), and the highest proportion of liposomal drug was in liposomal doxorubicin (45.7%), followed by liposomal vincristine (17.1%) and liposomal cytarabine (5.7%). For decades, the standard of care for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been the combination of a nucleoside analog with an anthracycline.26,27 Vincristine and cytarabine are nucleoside, and doxorubicin is a type of anthracycline. This indicated that liposomal doxorubicin combined with vincristine or cytarabine for childhood leukemia is an important future direction for liposomes in childrens anticancer therapy.

High quality, adequately powered, masked, appropriately sized, and appropriately sized, and randomized clinical trials represent a critical priority for high-quality clinical trials.2830 However, only 30.0% of trials studied here were randomized, and the majority of trials (71.4%) were without masking. Previously, it has been suggested that efficient trial designs are essential for rare malignancies has randomized trials are less feasible.31 To address this, there are multiple strategies for, such using as a Bayesian posterior predictive approach,32 or using complex innovative design,33 a novel multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) design.34 Hearn et al35 discussed in depth this issue highlighting the need for decision-makers to avoid adopting entrenched positions about the nature of the trial design.

The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

1. Jiang X, Zheng Y-W, Bao S, et al. Drug discovery and formulation development for acute pancreatitis. Drug Deliv. 2020;27(1):15621580. doi:10.1080/10717544.2020.1840665

2. Guo S, Liang Y, Liu L, et al. Research on the fate of polymeric nanoparticles in the process of the intestinal absorption based on model nanoparticles with various characteristics: size, surface charge and pro-hydrophobics. J Nanobiotechnol. 2021;19(1):32. doi:10.1186/s12951-021-00770-2

3. Qi -S-S, Sun J-H, Yu H-H, Yu S-Q. Co-delivery nanoparticles of anti-cancer drugs for improving chemotherapy efficacy. Drug Deliv. 2017;24(1):19091926. doi:10.1080/10717544.2017.1410256

4. Kim K, Khang D. Past, present, and future of anticancer nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:57195743. doi:10.2147/IJN.S254774

5. Fenske DB, Cullis PR. Liposomal nanomedicines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008;5(1):2544. doi:10.1517/17425247.5.1.25

6. Suntres ZE. Liposomal antioxidants for protection against oxidant-induced damage. J Toxicol. 2011;2011:152474. doi:10.1155/2011/152474

7. Landi-Librandi AP, Chrysostomo TN, Caleiro Seixas Azzolini AE, Marzocchi-Machado CM, de Oliveira CA, Lucisano-Valim YM. Study of quercetin-loaded liposomes as potential drug carriers: in vitro evaluation of human complement activation. J Liposome Res. 2012;22(2):8999. doi:10.3109/08982104.2011.615321

8. Mignet N, Seguin J, Chabot GG. Bioavailability of polyphenol liposomes: a challenge ahead. Pharmaceutics. 2013;5(3):457471. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics5030457

9. Feizabadi M, Fahimnia F, Mosavi Jarrahi A, Naghshineh N, Tofighi S. Iranian clinical trials: an analysis of registered trials in International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). J Evid Based Med. 2017;10(2):9196. doi:10.1111/jebm.12248

10. Chen L, Su Y, Quan L, Zhang Y, Du L. Clinical trials focusing on drug control and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comprehensive analysis of trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Original research. Front Pharmacol. 2019;9. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01574

11. Jacobsen PB, Wells KJ, Meade CD, et al. Effects of a brief multimedia psychoeducational intervention on the attitudes and interest of patients with cancer regarding clinical trial participation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(20):25162521. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.5186

12. Zarin DA, Ide NC, Tse T, Harlan WR, West JC, Lindberg DAB. Issues in the registration of clinical trials. JAMA. 2007;297(19):21122120. doi:10.1001/jama.297.19.2112

13. Tse T, Williams RJ, Zarin DA. Reporting basic results in ClinicalTrials.gov. Chest. 2009;136(1):295303. doi:10.1378/chest.08-3022

14. Bai F, Yin Y, Chen T, et al. Development of liposomal pemetrexed for enhanced therapy against multidrug resistance mediated by ABCC5 in breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:13271339. doi:10.2147/IJN.S150237

15. Riaz MK, Riaz MA, Zhang X, et al. Surface functionalization and targeting strategies of liposomes in solid tumor therapy: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1):195. doi:10.3390/ijms19010195

16. Yue P-J, He L, Qiu SW, et al. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome as a dual-targeting gene delivery system for brain glioma. Mol Cancer. 2014;13:191. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-191

17. Wicki A, Witzigmann D, Balasubramanian V, Huwyler J. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications. J Control Release. 2015;200:138157. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030

18. Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei-Sadabady R, Davaran S, et al. Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2013;8(1):102. doi:10.1186/1556-276x-8-102

19. Al-Amin MD, Bellato F, Mastrotto F, et al. Dexamethasone loaded liposomes by thin-film hydration and microfluidic procedures: formulation challenges. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1611. doi:10.3390/ijms21051611

20. Cunningham-Erves J, Deakings J, Mayo-Gamble T, Kelly-Taylor K, Miller ST. Factors influencing parental trust in medical researchers for child and adolescent patients clinical trial participation. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24(6):691702. doi:10.1080/13548506.2019.1566623

21. Rentea RM, Oyetunji TA, Peter SDS. Ethics of randomized trials in pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int. 2020;36(8):865867. doi:10.1007/s00383-020-04665-5

22. Nicholl A, Evelegh K, Deering KE, et al. Using a Respectful Approach to Child-centred Healthcare (ReACH) in a paediatric clinical trial: a feasibility study. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241764. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241764

23. Nik ME, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Amin M, et al. Liposomal formulation of Galbanic acid improved therapeutic efficacy of pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin in mouse colon carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9527. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45974-7

24. Laverman P, Boerman OC, Storm G, Oyen WJG. (99m)Tc-labelled Stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) in glioblastomas and metastatic brain tumours. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(4):659661. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600093

25. Wang G, Wang J, Wu W, Tony To SS, Zhao H, Wang J. Advances in lipid-based drug delivery: enhancing efficiency for hydrophobic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(9):14751499. doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1021681

26. Chen EC, Fathi AT, Brunner AM. Reformulating acute myeloid leukemia: liposomal cytarabine and daunorubicin (CPX-351) as an emerging therapy for secondary AML. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:34253434. doi:10.2147/OTT.S141212

27. Preisler HD, Anderson K, Rai K, et al. The frequency of long-term remission in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia treated with conventional maintenance chemotherapy: a study of 760 patients with a minimal follow-up time of 6 years. Br J Haematol. 1989;71(2):189194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb04253.x

28. Zwierzyna M, Davies M, Hingorani AD, Hunter J. Clinical trial design and dissemination: comprehensive analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed data since 2005. BMJ. 2018;361:k2130. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2130

29. Zhang C, Kwong JSW, Yuan R-X, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of different recommended doses of PPIs and H(2)RAs in GERD: network meta-analysis and GRADE system. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41021. doi:10.1038/srep41021

30. Oh ES, Fong TG, Hshieh TT, Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons: advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA. 2017;318(12):11611174. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12067

31. Italiano A, Nanda S, Briggs A, et al. Larotrectinib versus prior therapies in tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion cancer: an intra-patient comparative analysis. Cancers. 2020;12(11):3246. doi:10.3390/cancers12113246

32. Dutton P, Love S, Faleti A, Hassan B. The use of Bayesian design in two trials in rare cancers. Trials. 2015;16(Suppl 2):P213. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-16-S2-P213

33. Blagden SP, Billingham L, Brown LC, et al. Effective delivery of Complex Innovative Design (CID) cancer trials-A consensus statement. Br J Cancer. 2020;122(4):473482. doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0653-9

34. Sydes MR, Parmar MKB, Mason MD, et al. Flexible trial design in practice - stopping arms for lack-of-benefit and adding research arms mid-trial in STAMPEDE: a multi-arm multi-stage randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012;13:168. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-168

35. Hearn J, Keat N, Law K, Sharpe R. How cancer research UK is adapting to adaptive designs. Trials. 2011;12(Suppl 1):A6. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-S1-A6

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Clinical Trial of Liposomes in Children's Anticancer Therapy | IJN - Dove Medical Press

The Global Nanocapsules Market to reach at an estimated value of USD$ 5,982.01 Million by 2029 and grow at a CAGR of 8.75% in the forecast period of 2022 to 2029.

The most reliable Nanocapsules Market report gives market analysis by taking into account market structure along with forecast of the various segments and sub-segments of the Healthcare industry. An exhaustive analysis of factors influencing the investment is also provided in this report which forecasts impending opportunities for the businesses and develops the strategies to improve return on investment (ROI). The data and the information concerning the Healthcare industry are derived from consistent sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the market experts.

To prosper in this competitive market place, businesses are highly benefited if they adopt innovative solutions such as Nanocapsules Market research report. A number of estimations and calculations have been executed in this market report by assuming definite base year and the historic year. The market document also provides the knowledge of all the drivers and restraints which are derived through SWOT analysis. Nanocapsules report considers various factors that have great effect on the growth of business which includes historic data, present market trends, environment, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in the Healthcare industry.

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According to the market report analysis, Nanopharmacology is defined as a new branch of pharmacology that deals with the application of nanotechnology in the field of nanomedicine. This is a potential step towards prevention and curing of disease by using molecular knowledge about human body and molecular tools. Nanopharmacology studies the interaction between nanoscale drugs and proteins such as RNA, DNA, and cells & tissues.

Some of most important key factors driving the growth of the Global Nanocapsules Market are rise in the incidences of chronic diseases worldwide, growing pharmaceutical industry, rise in the demand for nanocapsules, rise in the demand from the end user industry, increase in the investment and research focus by highly developed countries such as the U.S. and Germany and rise in the implementation of partnership and research collaborations.

The Global Nanocapsules Market is segmented on the basis of Polymer Type, Application, Therapy Area, Route of Administration and Region.

Based on the Polymer Type, the nanocapsules market is segmented into natural polymers and synthetic polymers.

On the basis of Application, the nanocapsules market is segmented into pharmaceutical, cosmetic and others.

On the basis of Therapy Area, the nanocapsules market is segmented into oncology, pain management, endocrinology and others.

Based on the Route of Administration, the nanocapsules market is segmented into parenteral route and oral route.

In terms of the geographic analysis, North America dominates the nanocapsules market due to rise in the demand for nanocapsules, rise in the demand from the end user industry and rise in the implementation of partnership and research collaborations in this region. APAC is the expected region in terms of growth in nanocapsules market due to increase in the opportunities for life science functions of nanocapsules in this region.

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Global Nanocapsules Market Objectives:

1 To provide detailed information regarding key factors (drivers, restraints, opportunities, and industry-specific challenges) influencing the growth of the Nanocapsules Market

2 To analyze and forecast the size of the Nanocapsules Market, in terms of value and volume

3 To analyze opportunities in the Nanocapsules Market for stakeholders and provide a competitive landscape of the market

4 To define, segment, and estimate the Nanocapsules Market based on deposit type and end-use industry

5 To strategically profile key players and comprehensively analyze their market shares and core competencies

6 To strategically analyze micromarkets with respect to individual growth trends, prospects, and contribution to the total market

7 To forecast the size of market segments, in terms of value, with respect to main regions, namely, Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, and South America

8 To track and analyze competitive developments, such as new product developments, acquisitions, expansions, partnerships, and collaborations in the Nanocapsules Market

Top Leading Key Manufacturers are: BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc., PitchBook Data, Camurus AB, Carlina Technologies, Cerulean Pharma, Gamma Capital, LOral, Nano Green Sciences Inc., NanoSphere Health Sciences, PlasmaChem GmbH and SINTEF. New product launches and continuous technological innovations are the key strategies adopted by the major players.

Region segment: This report is segmented into several key regions, with sales, revenue, market share (%) and growth Rate (%) of Nanocapsules in these regions, from 2013 to 2029 (forecast), covering: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa and South America

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Global Nanocapsules Market: Table of Contents

1 Report Overview 2022-2029

2 Global Growth Trends 2022-2029

3 Competition Landscape by Key Players

4 Global Nanocapsules Market Analysis by Regions

5 Global Nanocapsules Market Analysis by Type

6 Global Nanocapsules Market Analysis by Applications

7 Global Nanocapsules Market Analysis by End-User

8 Key Companies Profiled

9 Global Nanocapsules Market Manufacturers Cost Analysis

10 Marketing Channel, Distributors, and Customers

11 Market Dynamics

12 Global Nanocapsules Market Forecasts 2022-2029

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Methodology and Data Source

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Nanocapsules Market Growth to Remain Strong as Suggested by the Report with Key Players Camurus, Carlina Tech, Cerulean Pharma | Forecast to 2029 -...

The new report by Expert Market Research titled, Global Advanced Functional Materials Market Report and Forecast 2021-2026, gives an in-depth analysis of the globaladvanced functional materials market, assessing the market based on its type, end-use, and major regions. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analyzing the market based on the SWOT and Porters Five Forces models.

Request a free sample copy in PDF or view the report summary@https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/advanced-functional-materials-market/requestsample

The key highlights of the report include:

Market Overview (2016-2026)

The growth in the global advanced functional materials market is induced by the medical device technology which is advancing at a rapid pace. With increased focus on imaging techniques, implantable devices, and regeneration technologyin medicine, drug delivery industrial equipment, and biomedical engineering, the adoption of advanced functional materials is increasing rapidly, that aims to augment growth of the market. Advanced functional materials supersede conventional materials by having superior characteristics such as durability, toughness, durability, and elasticity. The advanced functional material industry for low carbon emissions applications is anticipated to be driven by rising lightweight vehicles demandcombined with improved fuel efficiency.

Industry Definition and Major Segments

Usingeffective power and signaltransmission to every object, advanced functional materials serve to minimise total power usage. Thin conductors or interlinks used within advanced functional material-based mini electronics aid in countering signal propagation and power failure concerns associated with large PCBs and thick interconnects.

Explore the full report with the table of contents@https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/advanced-functional-materials-market

Based on its types, the market is divided into:

Based on end-use, the market is divided into:

On the basis of region, the market is divided into:

Market Trends

In the years ahead, the manufacturing of lighter weight, handy, and adaptable substrate technological tools will boost adoption ofadvanced functional materials. One of the crucial industry trends in the advanced functional materials marketis the strong market for microelectronics andminiaturisation. The healthcare industry has a huge demand for advanced functional materials. In the industry, nanomaterials are the dominant type of material. The use of nano materials in the nanotechnological sector of the healthcare industry is consistently expanding. Nanomedicine is the use of nanotechnology to diagnose, monitor, deliver drugs, treat, and regulate biological systems. Although, an absence of expansion plans and technological innovation is anticipated to stymie the industrys growth over the forecast period.

Key Market Players

The major players in the market are Morgan Advanced Materials plc, KYOCERA Corporation, Hexcel Corporation, Nanophase Technologies Corporation, KURARAY CO., LTD, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (OTCMKTS: HENKY), among others. The report covers the market shares, capacities, plant turnarounds, expansions, investments and mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.

About Us:

Expert Market Research is a leading business intelligence firm, providing custom and syndicated market reports along with consultancy services for our clients. We serve a wide client base ranging from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium enterprises. Our reports cover over 100 industries across established and emerging markets researched by our skilled analysts who track the latest economic, demographic, trade and market data globally.

At Expert Market Research, we tailor our approach according to our clients needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential. We offer market intelligence across a range of industry verticals which include Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Technology, Retail, Chemical and Materials, Energy and Mining, Packaging and Agriculture.

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Determined to bring client satisfaction, we make sure that our tailored approach meets the clients unique market intelligence requirements. Our syndicated and customized research reports cover a wide spectrum of industries ranging from pharmaceuticals and food and beverage to packaging, logistics, and transportation.

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*We at Expert Market Research always thrive to give you the latest information. The numbers in the article are only indicative and may be different from the actual report.

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Global Advanced Functional Materials Market To Be Driven By The Surging Demand From Medical Sector In The Forecast Period Of 2021-2026 ...

Join this webinar with Dr Datu Buyung Agusdinata, from the Arizona State University, for an interesting presentation on "The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions".

The ASU BILGI Talk Series will be hosting world-renowned intellectuals and researchers contributing to our understanding of the complex range of forces which are reshaping our world. The series will be global in nature, crossing the boundaries between cultures and disciplines.

On Friday, May 13, 2022, Senior Global Futures Scientist Dr. Datu Buyung Agusdinata will be the guest. Deputy Chair, Department of Energy Systems Engineering in Istanbul Bilgi University Fusun Servin Tut Haklidir will be the moderator.

(Datu) Buyung Agusdinata was an associate research scientist at Purdue University before joining the Northern Illinois University as a faculty member. His main research interests include sustainable energy and transportation systems, green supply chain, system analysis of the development and impacts of nanomedicine, and drought adaptation policies.

As a guest faculty researcher at the Argonne National Laboratory, he investigated the added values of improved forecast of electricity generation from solar to support a better integration of solar energy to the electricity market. Recently, he serves as a co-PI on an NSF-funded workshop to identify climate change mitigation strategies based on improved understanding and management of coupled food, energy and water (FEW) production-consumption systems.

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Source: Istanbul Bilgi University via our Turkish language platform JeotermalHaberler

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Webinar The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions, 13 May 2022 - ThinkGeoEnergy

The latest research in the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses on a sophisticated two-dimensional (2D) photonic drug-delivery technology based on PEGylated WO2.9 nanosheets (a substoichiometric version of WO3) (NSs).

Study:Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide perovskite nanosheets-based photonic nanomedicine for cancer theranostics.Image Credit: Love Employee/Shutterstock.com

Photothermal therapy (PTT), a non-invasive technique of tumor treatment that employs photothermal agents (PTAs) to create local hyperthermia using near-infrared (NIR) laser light, has been extensively researched and has garnered considerable focus.

Perovskite nanosheets offer several appealing traits as 2D nanomaterials, including surface area features, mechanical flexibility, strong light-matter interaction, minimal trap-state density, and higher adsorption efficacy. Some perovskite nanosheets exhibit high photoluminescence.

However, because of the restricted tissue depth of penetration of the typical NIR-I bio-window (650950 nm), most PTT mediated by NIR-I is still insufficient for the effective treatment of big or severe tumors, contributing to an elevated remnant and recurrence rate.

In comparison, the NIR-II (10001700 nm) bio-window had a higher maximum permitted exposure (MPR), decreased photon scattering, increased penetration depth, and reduced tissue background, allowing NIR-II PTT to significantly enhance tumor treatment efficiency. Unfortunately, in comparison to the PTA active in the NIR-I region, the advancement of NIR-II materials is still behind.

The materials used by the researchers for the experiment included Sodium tungstate monohydrate (Na2WO4H2O), nitric acid (HNO3), chloroform (CHCl3) sodium borohydride (NaHB4), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), calcein-AM, Propidium Iodide (PI), 4,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI), and CCK-8.

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4), cell culture medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA were also utilized during the research study.

Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy was utilized for the research study.

First, 200 mg of Na2WO4H2O were scattered in 300 mL of HNO3 solution (5 M). The combined mixture was then swirled for three days at room temperature (RT) for bulk production of WO3H2O. Two rectangle porcelain crucibles with a volume of 5.0 cm 2.0 cm 1.5 cm were used. Firstly, 10 mg of WO3H2O NSs was placed in one of them, NaBH4 (5 mg) was placed in the other one. Two porcelain crucibles were then placed in a tubular furnace, and the porcelain crucibles containing WO3H2O NSs were held on top of the other with a rotation angle of 20.

To make PEG-coated WO2.9 NSs, WO2.9 NSs (10 mg) were combined with 25 mg DSPE-PEG dissolved in CHCl3 solution in 30 mL CHCl3 solution. The CHCl3 solution was removed using vacuum rotary evaporation after 30 minutes of ultrasonic treatment.

Different concentrations of DOX were dissolved in PBS solution (pH 7.4, 10 mM) and further mixed with [emailprotected]2.9 NSs. The final concentration of DOX was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg mL 1, respectively.

In the DMEM medium, 4 T1 cells, HUVEC cells, NCM-460 cells, and Hela cells were incubated. FBS (10%) and streptomycin/penicillin (1%) supplements were administered to all of the DMEM media for the generation of cell cultures.

The latest study showed that WO3H2O NS exhibited the typical Raman-active peaks at 120, 267, 326, 684, 810, and 960 cm 1. The PEGylated WO2.9 NS ([emailprotected]2.9 NS) still retained good dispersity and stability in the PBS and medium even after 24 h incubation, indicating that the dispersity and stability are significantly bet.

When the quantity of [emailprotected]2.9 NSs was 200 mg mL 1, the greatest temperature generated by 2.0 Wcm2 NIR-I irradiation was only 32.2 C. Under 808 nm and 1064 nm irradiation, the photothermal conversion efficiency of [emailprotected]2.9 NSs is determined to be 18.7 percent and 36.2 percent, respectively. These findings imply [emailprotected] NSs have a high potential for use as a photothermal agent for PTT against tumors in the NIR-II window.

The medication loading capacity of [emailprotected] NSs was then examined using a UVvis absorption spectrum. The concentration of DOX loaded onto [emailprotected] increased with the addition of the concentration of DOX, and the maximum drug load efficiency was approximately 102 percent at our studied parameters, which is significantly higher than most nanoparticle-based delivery platforms with drug-loading capacities of 10%30%.

In all cases, four T1 cells were co-cultured. There was no evident cytotoxicity in the groups that simply received NIR-II or [emailprotected]2.9 therapy. Hence, both nontoxicity and biocompatibility were confirmed.

Keeping in view the incredible findings, the WO2.9-based nanoplatform may open the way for a novel method to use more effective perovskite theragnostic nanomedicines for the cure of diverse solid cancers.

In short, 2D perovskite nanosheet drug delivery has been proved to be not only biocompatible but also quite effective for cancer treatment, revolutionizing biomedical applications of such materials and improving the health care treatment quality for people.

Zhang, L., Zhao, S., Ouyang, J., Deng, L., & Liu, Y. N. (2021). Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide perovskite nanosheets-based photonic nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. Chemical Engineering Journal.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894721048488

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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2D Perovskite Nanosheet-Based Drug-Delivery Platform for Cancer Therapy - AZoM

As a bridge between fundamental research and the industrial application of nanotechnology, nanofabrication methods are essential in creating novel nanoscale structures, devices, and materials with unique properties. This article aims to overview the existing and emerging techniques for scalable, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing at the nanoscale.

Image Credit:Macrovector/Shutterstock.com

Nanotechnology enables the understanding and control of matter at length scales between one and a few hundred nanometers, where the quantum effects dominate the properties of the materials.

The use of nanoscale materials has started quite early in human history and dramatically increased in the last 100 years. The study of small nanoparticles was pioneered by Richard Zsigmondy, an Austro-Hungarian colloid chemist, who was awarded the 1925 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He used the term 'nanomatter' when characterizing particles such as gold colloids by using a microscope.

In 1959, Richard Feynman introduced the idea of manipulating matter at the atomic level. The future Nobel Laureate (he was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics) presented a lecture at a meeting of the American Physical Society, where he speculated about miniaturized electronic components, atom-by-atom manufacturing, and novel optoelectronic and photonic technologies.

Feynman, who foresaw many aspects of modern nanoscience, together with K. Eric Drexler, who in 1986 hypothesized on how molecules and atoms can be manipulated and assembled into complex nanostructures, are considered the fathers of modern nanotechnology.

Since then, nanotechnology has become the foundation for many remarkable applications leading to exponential growth in almost every industrial sector. In the last three decades, rapid developments in physics, chemistry, engineering, and material science manipulated individual molecules and atoms' reality, thus enabling various manufacturing processes at the nanoscale, usually referred to as nanofabrication.

Nanofabrication can be defined as a process of assembling one-, two- or three-dimensional structures at the scale of 1-100 nm with a high degree of functionality and structural complexity. There are different methods for creating functional nanostructures that can be divided into top-down and bottom-up approaches.

In the top-down approach, the starting material is reshaped into the desired smaller structures by using physical or chemical processes, such as electron or ion beam milling, laser ablation, and reactive ion etching, that remove excess material until the final structure is obtained.

In contrast, bottom-up nanofabrication relies on the formation of nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Processes include chemical and physical vapor deposition (CVD and PVD), self-assembly, and epitaxial growth.

The Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the University of MichiganPlay

Video Credit:Electrical and Computer Engineering at Michigan/YouTube.com

The majority of the industrial nanofabrication processes employ a combination of the two approaches and can be loosely divided into three major sub-processes: thin film deposition, lithographic patterning, and chemical or physical etching.

Thin films are layers of polymers, metals, semiconductors, or other functional materials with nanometer-level thickness. They are fabricated using a variety of deposition processes, including CVD, PVD, atomic layer deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy.

The lithography process involves patterning the as-deposited thin films to create integrated circuits or nanoelectromechanical systems. The latest generation of optical nanolithographic systems employs X-ray, extreme UV, or charged particles beams to create nanoscale patterns with a spatial resolution of less than 10 nm.

The pattern transfer is finalized by an etching process that selectively removes the unnecessary parts of the thin film

Such a combination of top-down and bottom-up methods, for example, underpins the tremendous advances in microelectronics and over the last 30 years.

With the development of the UV and extreme UV nanofabrication processes that permit the creation of structures smaller than 10 nm, the semiconductor industry has been able to continuously increase the integration density of the electronic circuits.

The technological developments behind the large-scale production of advanced integrated circuits, in turn, enabled the transfer of cost-effective nanofabrication techniques to the fields of telecommunications, optoelectronics, and photonics.

Nanomanufacturing can also help create materials with novel properties. With the discovery of nanomaterials like fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodots, and metallic nanoparticles, a lot of academic and industrial research and development efforts were directed at incorporating such nanomaterials in the manufacturing of advanced construction materials, consumer goods, textiles, and healthcare products.

Surface nanopatterning (to create superhydrophobic surfaces) together with metallic nanoparticle coatings are used in antimicrobial applications. Building materials benefit from nanostructured coatings that enable self-cleaning and antifouling functionality.

Automotive and aerospace industries utilize metal oxide nanoparticles for temperature and corrosion protection, and carbon nanotube-based nanocomposite materials as high-strength structural materials.

Image Credit:Ico Maker/Shutterstock.com

The so-called 'soft nanotechnology', based on the self-assembly of large organic molecules (polymers and proteins), is an emerging field with rapidly expanding industrial applications.

The concept of using cheap and sustainable biobased resources to fabricate organic nanostructures is particularly attractive in the context of a circular economy. Nanoscale biomolecular structures are used for targeted drug delivery, rapid testing, high-throughput gene sequencing, and vaccines' latest generation.

Researchers are exploring ways to mimic photosynthesis, a complex interplay of molecular self-assembly and quantum mechanics, to create novel energy harvesting devices with nearly 100% quantum efficiency.

With the rapidly expanding applications of nanotechnology in the industry, there is a growing need for more versatile, scalable, and sustainable nanofabrication methods. An exciting perspective is the ability to create dynamical nanoscale structures capable of exhibiting a much broader range of functionalities.

To achieve this, scientists are learning from complex biological systems to take advantage of the engineering principles that drive nature's molecular machines.

Continue reading: An In-Depth Look at Top Down Nanofabrication.

Subhan, M.A., et al. (2021) Advances with Molecular Nanomaterials in Industrial Manufacturing Applications. Nanomanufacturing 1, 75-97. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing1020008

Nasrollahzadeh, M., et al. (2019) An Introduction to Nanotechnology. Interface Science and Technology, 28, 1-27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813586-0.00001-8

Bayda, S., et al. (2019) The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25(1), 112. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules25010112

Singh, N.A. (2017) Nanotechnology innovations, industrial applications and patents. Environ Chem Lett 15, 185191. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0612-8

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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Nanofabrication: Techniques and Industrial Applications - AZoNano

Scientists from Finland and Israel have found a way to enable nano-scaled hinges to move. This marks the next step in the development of what are known as molecular machines. This will ultimately make it possible to develop new therapeutic approaches in e.g. medicine.

Until now it has not been possible to control these kinds of nanomachines. The team of researchers from Aalto University in Finland and the Weizmann Institute in Israel have succeeded in creating a structure that opens and closes like a hinge on command. Its a bit like origami, that Japanese art of folding, according to the researchers.

In order to be able to build such a hinge, the scientists opted for the use of DNA. DNA not only carries genetic codes, but can also take on many different forms: the nano-hinges are contained in a solution that becomes more acidic when light shines on it. The increasing acidity of the solution causes chemical bonds to form in the ends of the hinges thereby closing the hinges, says Finnish scientist Joonas Ryssy. When the light is turned off, the acidity of the solution is reversed, causing the bonds between the ends to break and the hinges to open again. Only one light source is needed for that switching.

The results were published in the professional journal Angewandte Chemie. The research is a follow-up of earlier studies by the same group on the manipulation of macromolecules. The use of light to control the hinge is an attractive option because it can be done remotely.

Anton Kuzyk, professor at Aalto University: If we dont want all the hinges to close, we reduce the amount of light. This level of control is an exciting feature of our system that sets it apart from others.

Read other IO articles on nanotechnology here.

Read more here:

Nano-hinges are the next step in development of molecular machines - Innovation Origins

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Microsoft, FireEye, and the U.S. Treasury department have been hacked in the SolarWinds attacks.

This statement is true but doesnt tell the whole story accurately.

Its true because by most peoples understanding, these organizations have been hacked. But it doesnt tell the whole story accurately because each of these organizations has had different impacts with different levels of severity from the hack.

A good example of why this matters is how we talk about cancer. Years ago having cancer was a binary thing, too. Either you had cancer and were going to die or you didnt. And cancer was often talked about in hushed tones with euphemistic terms the C word.

Because of advances in medicine, this is no longer the case: people can and do survive cancer. So now we talk about cancer more openly in a way that reflects that reality in terms of types of cancer and stages. That helps us understand if its a kind of cancer that could be treatable and survivable or one that is untreatable and terminal.

The same is true now about being hacked. Some hacking is catastrophic, but some is survivable. We see this reality in the different reports coming out about SolarWinds hacks. Some organizations are severely affected while others less so. But these crucial nuances are lost when we say theyve all been hacked.

There is no hacked scale that is used by professionals, let alone that can be used by laypeople. This is one reason why we continue to just hear about hacked.

If were going to understand the nuances in the SolarWinds cases better, we need to define a scale. Since the most important thing in hacks is the spread and severity, the cancer staging system gives a good model to adapt because it tracks the spread and severity of cancer in five stages. We can do the same with hacks.

The key factors in these levels are the attackers access and control: less of each is better, more is worse.

For instance, SolarWinds has said that 18,000 customers were impacted. But this doesnt mean that 18,000 customers networks experienced Stage IV and are fully and totally controlled by the attackers.

The information SolarWinds provides only tells us that those customers experienced Stage 0: the attackers may have had a way to get further into the network. To know if attackers did go further and customers were more severely affected requires more investigation.

On Dec. 17, Microsoft said it can confirm that we detected malicious Solar Winds binaries in our environment, which we isolated and removed we have not found evidence of access to production services or customer data. Our investigations, which are ongoing, have found absolutely no indications that our systems were used to attack others. Taking the information at face value, that would seem to indicate that Microsoft experienced Stage 0 or Stage I.

FireEye made a disclosure on Dec. 8 of its own compromise that would turn out to be part of the SolarWinds attacks. It seems to indicate that the attacker was able to steal information but gave no indication that the attackers were able to alter data or gain administrative control of the network, likely making what the company experienced a Stage II.

Details of the U.S. Treasurys attack arent as clear in part because we only have the information second and third-hand. The information in the New York Times report clearly indicates that the attackers at least had read access on the network, which is consistent with Stage II. However, some of the details that have emerged about how the attackers may have gained access to cloud properties imply the possibility that the attackers had achieved Stage IV on the network.

The goal with any scale is to make things simple but not simplistic. But no scale is ever perfect; there are always going to be ways that scales can obscure critical details. The important thing with scales like this is to enable us to easily and succinctly understand the relative comparative severity of the situation. What we know does indicate that the Treasury situation is worse than the Microsoft or FireEye situations in this regard, this scale is accurate and useful.

The key point for everyone now is to understand that hacked isnt a simple binary state: there are different degrees of it. By understanding this we can better assess how serious a situation is and what we need to do in response.

The rest is here:

How hacked is hacked? Heres a hack scale to better understand the SolarWinds cyberattacks - GeekWire

WMR added the Most up-to-date research on Nanomedicine Market Forecast to 2026 to its huge collection of research reports database. An insight into the important factors and trends influencing the market competition and opportunities in Investment. This Report compiled byWorldwide Market Reports features a succinct analysis of the latest market trends.

Nanomedicine market reports provide a comprehensive overview of the global market size and share. Nanomedicine market data reports also provide a 5 year pre-historic and forecast for the sector and include data on socio-economic data of global. Key stakeholders can consider statistics, tables & figures mentioned in this report for strategic planning which leads to the success of the organization.

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New business opportunities and rising demand for Nanomedicine market activates are the primary factors expected to drive the growth of the Nanomedicine market in the United States, EU, Japan, China, India, Africa, Southeast Asia are the major region leading the Nanomedicine market.

The major players profiled in this report include

Impact of COVID-19:

Nanomedicine Market report analyses the impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Nanomedicine industry. Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 180+ countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Nanomedicine market in 2020.

COVID-19 can affect the global economy in 3 main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disturbance, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.

Further in the Nanomedicine Market research reports, following points are included along with in-depth study of each point:

Production Analysis: Production of the Nanomedicine is analyzed with respect to different regions, types, and applications. Here, price analysis of various Nanomedicine Market key players is also covered.

Supply and Consumption: In continuation with sales, this section studies supply and consumption for the Nanomedicine Market. This part also sheds light on the gap between supply and consumption. Import and export figures are also given in this report.

Key Strategic Developments: The study also includes the key strategic developments of the Nanomedicine market, comprising R&D, new product launch, M&A, agreements, collaborations, partnerships, joint ventures, Global and regional growth of the leading competitors operating in the market on a global and regional scale.

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In this report, the global Nanomedicine market is valued at USD XX million in 2019 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2019 and 2026.

The report provides an in-detail list of drivers and restraints in the market, which are influencing the market growth. Additionally, provides expected opportunities and emerging trends in the market.

The report includes a detailed study of Porters Five Forces model to analyze the different factors affecting the growth of the market. Moreover, the study also covers a market attractiveness analysis, PESTLE analysis, Value Chain Analysis, and SWOT analysis. The report also includes detailed abstracts about statistics, revenue forecasts, and market valuation, which additionally highlights its status in the competitive landscape and growth trends accepted by major industry players.

The report is a collection of first-hand information, qualitative assessment by industry analysts, and inputs from industry experts. Moreover, the report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies. The major factor driving the adoption of Nanomedicine is the formation of a data encryption feature and data privacy feature. The major industry changing factors for the Nanomedicine market segments are explored in this report. This report also covers the growth factors of the global market based on end-users.

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This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million US$) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Nanomedicine market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares split, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.

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Nanomedicine Market With Size, Status, Demand, Current And Future Investments Forecast Till 2026: GE Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson, Mallinckrodt...