PROVIDENCE Dr. Jack Elias, a specialist in pulmonary medicine who currently serves as chair of medicine at the Yale School of Medicine, was named the new dean of medicine and biological sciences at Brown University, including the Warren Alpert Medical School.

He will officially begin work on Sept. 1, succeeding Dr. Edward J. Wing.

Brown President Christina H. Paxson hailed the selection of Elias, saying that he brings great experience in teaching, research, patient care and administration.

I am very pleased to welcome Dr. Elias to Brown at an especially exciting time for the University, Paxson said in prepared remarks. Our medical school and research programs, for instance in brain science, are experiencing significant growth, and soon we will embark on a new strategic plan to continue this momentum.

As an internationally recognized biomedical researcher, educator, administrator and practitioner, Dr. Elias is a wonderful addition to our leadership team, she added.

In a professional career spanning more than 30 years since earning his bachelors degree and M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, Elias has cared for patients with a wide variety of lung ailments and injuries and has conducted research on conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis and the effects of smoking.

With consistent support from the National Institutes of Health, Elias has trained scores of young researchers and published more than 200 original peer-reviewed research papers.

Elias said he hopes to build on the high quality of scholarship and patient care in Browns academic medical center.

It is a real pleasure and honor to join the Brown biology and medical community, Elias said in a statement. We live in an age where the biologic sciences are exploding with new knowledge, the building blocks of disease pathogenesis are being discovered, new therapeutics and approaches to disease are developing at an unparalleled pace, and health care is undergoing unprecedented alteration.

Elias will succeed Wing, who became dean in 2008 and will step down from the position on July 1. During those five years, the Alpert Medical School expanded the class size to 120, opened the schools first dedicated home at 222 Richmond St., and completed new affiliation agreements with the Lifespan and Care New England health care systems.

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Brown names Elias as new medical school dean

The School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences has launched a new magazine to inform the community about the schools pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in the region.

The inaugural issue of UB Medicine, published this week, provides an overview of the historic changes underway in the school and the ways in which UB and its health care partners are transforming Buffalos medical-science landscape.

It features articles about:

A pdf version of the magazine is available online.

These developments represent change on an order of magnitude few in our generation have known and provide a unique opportunity for our entire community to take part in an initiative that will benefit our region and its medical school long into the future, says Cain.

UB Medicine will keep our alumni and community apprised of this collaborative effort and serve as a way to chronicle and celebrate its many milestones.

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Medical school launches community magazine

Published: Friday, June 28, 2013, 12:01a.m. Updated 4 hours ago

Leaders at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School have agreed to grant professors a greater voice in decision making, following faculty complaints about potential salary cuts.

University officials haven't detailed their plans, but medical school professors said they hope to moderate what some have called a draconian performance review process.

Dr. Arthur Levine, dean of the medical school, sparked faculty concerns at his State of the School speech in May when he announced the medical school had set a school-wide goal of bringing in 75 percent of faculty salaries from research grants.

Levine previewed a new faculty performance evaluation that spells out quotas for faculty members to cover their salaries through a combination of teaching, research and patient care. He warned that those who failed to meet goals could be subject to salary reductions of up to 20 percent.

Faculty members are hoping to gain a greater voice on the executive committee that sets policy for the medical school. Elected faculty members hold three seats on the committee that is dominated by 31 medical school department heads.

The faculty right now is outnumbered worse than Custer, said Dr. Nicholas Bircher, a medical school professor and past president of the Pitt Faculty Senate.

Dr. Thomas Smitherman, the current faulty senate president who has been handling negotiations on faculty concerns, did not return a call for comment.

John Baker, a professor in Pitt's dental school, said faculty members were concerned that changes could put tenured faculty members at risk of salary cuts as pressure to maintain research funding grows in the face of federal budget reductions that have cut support for research nationwide.

Bircher said worries about how policies were changed was as much a concern as the financial ramifications of those changes.

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Pitt medical school to refine faculty policy

Donald M. Berwick 68, a lecturer on health care policy at Harvard Medical School, announced Monday that he will run for governor of Massachusetts in 2014.

The progressive Democrat and former Obama administration health care official revealed his plans in a press release posted on his websitea quiet campaign launch timed in part, he said in a phone interview Tuesday, to help rally support for his fellow Democrat, U.S. Rep. Edward J. Markey. The longtime Malden congressman will face voters in a special election next Tuesday in his bid for the Commonwealths open Senate seat.

Though Berwick has never held elected office, he said he is encouraged by the record and interest of Massachusetts voters in newcomers to politics like me.

Berwick, who holds degrees from the Medical School and the Kennedy School, spent years as a celebrated advocate for health care reform while sitting on various advisory committees and councils.

Yet his previous experience working in government has not been without controversy. In July 2010, President Obama appointed Berwick, then a longtime faculty member at the Medical School and the School of Public Health, as administrator at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, during recess, temporarily bypassing Senate approval. But as Berwick helped implement the Affordable Care Act, the Obama administrations landmark 2010 health care law, he came under fire from conservatives for his advocacy of redistribution of wealth in health care as well as his supposed support for health care rationinga charge he has adamantly denied. With Senate Republicans vowing to block Berwicks confirmation hearing, he resigned after nearly 17 months as chief and returned to Massachusetts. Over a year later, he embarked on a listening tour of the state to explore a possible gubernatorial run.

Berwicks trajectory has been compared to that of U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren, another liberal Harvard professor who ran for elected office in Massachusetts following a stint in Washington D.C.a similarity that Berwick said he embraces.

Id be doing very well to emulate her, Berwick said. I think she and I are very much on the same page. I'm flattered by the comparison.

As he looks ahead to his own gubernatorial campaign, Berwick is eyeing Warrens successful Senate run as well as current governor Deval L. Patrick '78s two gubernatorial campaigns. He said he hopes to use many of the same campaign strategiesincluding a grassroots approach and an aggressive use of the internetthat helped propel those two politicians to victory.

But Robert J. Blendon, a professor at the School of Public Health and a longtime close colleague of Berwick, said that despite the similarities between Berwick and Warren, he expects Berwicks campaign to play out very differently than that of Warren. While Warren was able to draw from her past experience as a consumer advocate in Washington to run a Senate campaign focused often on national issues, Berwick faces an entirely different challenge with a gubernatorial campaignfamiliarizing himself with a broad range of state-level issues ranging in topic from the fishing industry to charter schools.

When you're a national figure and you come home to run for governor, you have to reach out to those groups of people that you may not have [previously] had the same involvement with, Blendon said. He is going to have to go from one of the worlds renowned people in health care to somebody who really can talk about the problems of day care in Massachusetts.

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Two Years After Warren, Medical School Lecturer To Run for Governor

ANN ARBOR For 164 years, the University of Michigan Medical School has led the nation in innovative ways of training new physicians.

Now, the school will take those efforts to a new level, after being awarded a $1.1 million grant from the American Medical Association in a national competition aimed at accelerating change in medical education.

As one of only 11 medical schools selected as winners by the AMA, U-M will use the funds to create a flexible new framework for medical students that will prepare them to lead change in health and health care in the dynamic global environment.

The resulting new curriculum will connect students directly with U-Ms clinical settings from the beginning of their training, working with other health professionals, and building a firm foundation of knowledge and skills. There will be an explicit focus on the development of leadership skills and professional identity, with the opportunity to unify the learning that happens in both medical school and residency training.

The winners were announced in advance of the AMA national meeting in Chicago last Friday. As U-M leaders develop and launch the new curriculum, they will take part in an AMA-led consortium of the other funded medical schools to ensure that best practices and innovations can be shared.

The vision, creativity and dedication of our faculty have made Michigan an internationally recognized leader in medical education. As we revise our curriculum to best provide our students the educational foundation to become tomorrows clinical and scientific leaders, this grant will provide financial resources and a national community of educators that will enhance the process, says Dr. James O. Woolliscroft, dean of the U-M Medical School and Lyle C. Roll Professor of Medicine.

Over the next five years, as the curricular model is designed and phased in, the U-M medical student learning experience will become increasingly flexible, competency-based and oriented to the students interests, learning styles, and abilities. Students will be able to progress through aspects of the program at different rates, allowing them to master one phase of training, before proceeding to the next one.

A critical component of the model is the creation of the M-Home, a learning community that each student will be assigned to for his or her entire medical school career, connecting them to a team of faculty mentors, advisors, and clinical care settings that will foster their professional development.

We need to bring medical education into the 21st century, where data-driven, team-based health care, grounded in science and quality, and informed by ethical, social and patient-centric factors, is the norm, says Dr. Rajesh Mangrulkar, associate dean for medical student education, associate professor of Internal Medicine and Medical Education, and principal investigator of the proposal. Our new curriculum will ensure we produce doctors who will be ready to lead changes in different aspects of health care that will have an impact on patients and their communities.

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ANN ARBOR: Grant aims to help U-M Medical School transform the training of future physicians

The Universitys Medical School will be implementing some of its most comprehensive curriculum changes in more than 50 years.

The Medical School will be aided in these improvements by using a $1.1 million grant it won last Friday from the American Medical Association as part of its Accelerating Change in Medical Education initiative which awarded funding to 11 schools actively seeking to create a significant positive impact on physician training and the medical profession.

More than 130 medical schools across the country responded to the AMA's competition to improve medical education. Of those, 119 presented transformative proposals. Thirty-one of them advanced to the next round and were asked to submit a full proposal and grant request. Ultimately, 11 medical schools, including the University, received funding.

The grant was awarded to the University for its proposal to transform the Medical School curriculum into a competency-based program that will be implemented over the next five years. The money will be used to train faculty and staff and fund projects that arise from the curriculum changes.

The University has been building toward this curriculum change for the last three years through a modular implementation of small pilots and programs one of these, the Taubman Health Sciences Library renovation project, is scheduled to begin in January and be completed by 2015.

Rajesh Mangrulkar, associate dean for medical student education, said the changes were being made in order to keep the program competitive.

The overarching goal here is we want to change the architecture and the content of our program in order to be able to compete, Mangrulkar said.

The first component of the new curriculum will establish a consolidated foundation, he said. In most medical schools, students complete two years of coursework followed by two years in a clinical setting. In contrast, the University plans to condense the two years of coursework and the first year of clinical studies into a two-year period.

The new curriculum will also feature professional development. Students will be able to choose from four branches that will help them develop the advanced clinical and scientific skills needed in the medical profession.

It will be rigorous but flexible, Mangrulkar said. (Students) will be able to monitor their pace of development based on specific assessments and the achievement of milestones.

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Medical School receives grant

WORCESTER, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Several health policy experts from UMass Medical School will present at AcademyHealths annual research meeting, taking place in Baltimore, June 23 - 25.

Bruce Barton, PhD, research professor in the Medical Schools Quantitative Health Sciences department, and team leader for research methods at the Schools Commonwealth Medicine division, Center for Health Policy and Research, will deliver a podium presentation on interim results from the Massachusetts Patient-Centered Medical Home Initiative.

Dr. Bartons podium presentation will take place on Tuesday, June 25, 11:30 a.m., at the Baltimore Convention Center, room 317.

A multi-disciplinary team from UMass Medical School was instrumental in helping implement and evaluate the Massachusetts patient-centered medical home demonstration project, an initiative that involves 45 primary care practices and multiple payers. Dr. Barton will present findings from a study that analyzed the extent to which practices adopted characteristics central to medical homes, including increased access to care and information, improved care coordination among practice team members and delivery of care that is considered patient-centered a model that supports the involvement of patients and families in all care decisions. Robin Clark, PhD, Judith Steinberg, MD, and Ann Lawthers, ScD, co-authored the study with Dr. Barton.

UMass Medical School, Commonwealth Medicine staff will also be making several pre-conference presentations on behavioral health and state health policy topics to colleagues from around the country, as well as presenting posters during the conference. Below is a complete schedule of presentation and poster sessions.

June 22, 2013 9:45 a.m. Convention Center Room #317

June 22, 2013 3:20 p.m. Convention Center Room 319/322

June 22, 2013 4:45 p.m. Convention Center Room 319/322

June 25, 2013 11:30 a.m. Convention Center Room #317

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UMass Medical School Health Policy Experts to Present at AcademyHealth Conference

Speak Liberty Now Interview: facebook.com/wetheindividuals
Speak Liberty Now Interview: facebook.com/wetheindividuals Robert Erickson and Jeff Peterson interview Jeffrey Tucker.

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Ada

A group of high school girls listened closely Thursday as Austin Brookover gave them a brief overview of the heart and its workings.

Brookover, a second-year medical student at Oklahoma State University, sketched a diagram of a heart on a blackboard. As the girls watched, he pointed to each chamber of the heart and explained how it works.

Following the explanation, the girls pressed stethoscopes against a mannequins chest and listened to a simulated heart beat. Meanwhile, Brookover told the girls they needed to learn to distinguish a normal heartbeat from an abnormal one.

If you dont know the normal, youre not going to be able to hear the abnormal, he said.

Fifty-four teenagers got a taste of medical school as part of OSUs Operation Orange, a summer camp that encourages high school students to pursue medical careers. East Central University hosted the event, which allowed the group to meet medical students, ask questions and participate in demonstrations.

The demonstrations gave students a chance to listen to a patients heart and lungs, check blood pressure and perform other tasks.

During one session, a small group of high school students donned latex gloves before reaching into tubs filled with water which contained a brain, a spinal cord and other organs. As they moved closer for a better look, the teens asked the medical students questions about the organs color, size and other issues.

Anish Bhakta, a second-year medical student at OSU, held a heart in one hand as he pointed to a small patch of green on one chamber.

You guys see the green? Those are stitches, he said. This guy had surgery multiple surgeries.

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OSU camp gives students taste of medical school

AUSTIN (KXAN) - Your tax dollars will help pay for a major medical endeavor in Austin: a medical school for the University of Texas.

The location of the teaching hospital will be next to the Frank Erwin Center and the existing University Medical Center Brackenridge, where officials unveiled the first renderings of the medical school Tuesday.

Construction begins next year, with completion expected in 2017.

Not only will this school teach future doctors but it also gives the community a host of medical providers who will work in the community as training.

The teaching hospital and medical school are expected to bring 15,000 jobs, aside from those in construction.

In-Depth: Dell donates $50 million to school

The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation announced in late January that the organization is committing $50 million to help establish the Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin.

In November 2012, Travis County voters approved Proposition 1, which raised property taxes as the main source of revenue to support health care services in the area.

In addition to the $50 million, the Dell family foundation is donating another $10 million to community health quality and access programs throughout the next 10 years.

The Dell foundation was established in 1999. Since then, the organization has helped fund the Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, as well as numerous other health services across Central Texas.

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Get first look at new UT medical school

Part 2 of 3. Getting Into Medical School: Insider Info. Black Men in White Coats Episode 2
Part 2 of 3. Dr. Brenda Armstrong, Dean of Medical School Admissions at Duke University Medical School, continues her discussion with Dr. Cedric Bright, UNC ...

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Part 2 of 3. Getting Into Medical School: Insider Info. Black Men in White Coats Episode 2 - Video

The University of Michigan Medical School has won a $1.1 million grant from the American Medical Association to accelerate its major curriculum revision, officials announced Friday.

U-M is one of 11 schools across the country to win the grant from the AMA in a competitive application process. The five-year grant is intended to promote change in medical education.

Dr. Raj Mangrulkar

Courtesy U-M

Mangrulkar said the Medical School does an outstanding job now in producing doctors with extensive scientific knowledge and clinical skills but society demands doctors that know how to work as a team and to lead change.

We dont think we can change the health system not just U-M, but the national health system without changing our graduates, Mangrulkar said.

Part of the new team-based health care model the Medical School is pursing in its curriculum includes a concept called M-Home.

A group of 12 to 15 students would be assigned to work together in a learning community for the four years of their training at the Medical School.

Each M-Home unit would be linked with a set of faculty advisers and mentors that would follow the students through their career at U-M.

The M-Home concept seeks to change the way students interact with faculty advisers now, Mangrulkar said, explaining that a student at U-M typically encounters many different advisers that can frequently change.

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U-M Medical School's curriculum revision gets boost from $1.1M award

ANN ARBOR, Mich., June 14, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --For 164 years, the University of Michigan Medical School has led the nation in innovative ways of training new physicians.

Now, the school will take those efforts to a new level, after being awarded a $1.1 million grant from the American Medical Association in a national competition aimed at accelerating change in medical education.

As one of only 11 medical schools selected as winners by the AMA, U-M will use the funds to create a flexible new framework for medical students that will prepare them to lead change in health and health care in the dynamic global environment.

The resulting new curriculum will connect students directly with U-M's clinical settings from the beginning of their training, working with other health professionals, and building a firm foundation of knowledge and skills. There will be an explicit focus on the development of leadership skills and professional identity, with the opportunity to unify the learning that happens in both medical school and residency training.

The winners were announced in advance of the AMA national meeting in Chicago on Friday. As U-M leaders develop and launch the new curriculum, they will take part in an AMA-led consortium of the other funded medical schools to ensure that best practices and innovations can be shared.

"The vision, creativity and dedication of our faculty have made Michigan an internationally recognized leader in medical education. As we revise our curriculum to best provide our students the educational foundation to become tomorrow's clinical and scientific leaders, this grant will provide financial resources and a national community of educators that will enhance the process," says James O. Woolliscroft, M.D., dean of the U-M Medical School and Lyle C. Roll Professor of Medicine.

Over the next five years, as the curricular model is designed and phased in, the U-M medical student learning experience will become increasingly flexible, competency-based and oriented to the student's interests, learning styles, and abilities. Students will be able to progress through aspects of the program at different rates, allowing them to master one phase of training, before proceeding to the next one.

A critical component of the model is the creation of the "M-Home", a learning community that each student will be assigned to for his or her entire medical school career, connecting them to a team of faculty mentors, advisors, and clinical care settings that will foster their professional development.

"We need to bring medical education into the 21st century, where data-driven, team-based health care, grounded in science and quality, and informed by ethical, social and patient-centric factors, is the norm," says Rajesh Mangrulkar, M.D., associate dean for medical student education, associate professor of Internal Medicine and Medical Education, and principal investigator of the proposal. "Our new curriculum will ensure we produce doctors who will be ready to lead changes in different aspects of health care that will have an impact on patients and their communities."

From Flexner to flexible

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Transforming the training of tomorrow's doctors: U-M Medical School wins $1.1M award from AMA

Hypertension: High Blood Pressure - One Minute Medical School
What is high blood pressure? Learn how resistance to blood flow happens in your body and the difference between normal and abnormal resistance, the causes of...

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Posted: Friday, June 14, 2013 9:30 pm

Mayo Medical School gets $1 million grant

Mayo Clinic has been awarded an American Medical Association, Mayo Medical School, five-year, $1 million grant to better prepare medical students in Rochester, Arizona and Florida "for the fast-changing world of health care."

More than 80 percent of AMA-accredited medical schools applied for the grant program. Eleven were selected.Mayo and Arizona State University are expanding Mayo's medical school to the Phoenix metropolitan area, the clinic announcement says.

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Mayo Medical School gets $1 million grant

Newswise MAYWOOD, Ill. Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine is the first medical school in the nation to announce that it is accepting applications for admission from undocumented immigrants in response to President Barack Obamas Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program.

As a medical school built on Catholic and Jesuit values we have a tradition of reaching out and encouraging the growth and development of future doctors from all walks of life, said Linda Brubaker, MD, dean and chief diversity officer of Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.

The DREAM Act enables qualified undocumented immigrants to receive a two-year, renewable authorization to remain and work in the United States. Criteria to obtain DACA status include arrival in the U.S. before age 16, current age under 31, specified levels of education or military service and an absence of felony conviction or problematic record of misdemeanors.

The decision to consider applications is a conscious step to help fill a void in the medical community. The United States is facing a significant shortage of physicians. In addition, large portions of the population are underserved by current distribution and demographic profiles of physicians.

DREAMers represent a previously untapped source of qualified and diverse talent that will enrich the medical education environment, the medical profession and lives of patients, Brubaker said.

Mark Kuczewski, PhD, director of Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicines Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics and Public Health, also believes this is a beginning step in meeting a major public health disparity access to care.

We believe these students will help broaden the diversity of the physician workforce. This will benefit not only the many patients who one day these physicians will serve, but also our entire student body. This will help all our students better understand the variety of cultures and people they will be treating, Kuczewski said

For media inquiry, please contact Evie Polsley at epolsley@lumc.edu or call (708) 216-5313 or (708) 417-5100.

The Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division (HSD) advances interprofessional, multidisciplinary, and transformative education and research while promoting service to others through stewardship of scientific knowledge and preparation of tomorrow's leaders. The HSD is located on the Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, Illinois. It includes the Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, the Stritch School of Medicine, the biomedical research programs of the Graduate School, and several other institutes and centers encouraging new research and interprofessional education opportunities across all of Loyola University Chicago. The faculty and staff of the HSD bring a wealth of knowledge, experience, and a strong commitment to seeing that Loyola's health sciences continue to excel and exceed the standard for academic and research excellence. For more on the HSD, visit LUC.edu/hsd.

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Loyola's Medical School Welcomes DREAM Act Applications

Released: 6/14/2013 11:00 AM EDT Source Newsroom: Mayo Clinic

http://www.mayoclinic.org/news2013-rst/7539.html

Newswise ROCHESTER, Minn. -- Mayo Medical School has been awarded a grant from the American Medical Associations Accelerating Change in Medical Education program to develop a curriculum to better prepare students for the fast-changing world of health care. The medical school, with operations at Mayo Clinic campuses in Minnesota, Arizona and Florida, will receive $1 million from the AMA program over five years.

Mayo Medical School Dean, Sherine Gabriel, M.D., credits the schools selection in part to its work with partners across Mayo including Mayo Clinic Health System, Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Office of Population Health Management and Quality Academy, and organizations such as Arizona State Universitys School for the Science of Health Care Delivery, the High Value Healthcare Collaborative and Dartmouths Center for Health Care Delivery Science.

This award allows us to create a new model of undergraduate education that will prepare future physicians to better care for their patients and themselves and to lead in transforming American health care, Dr. Gabriel says.

Mayo Medical School is working with Arizona State University (ASU) to expand Mayos medical school to the Phoenix metropolitan area. Students at all Mayo locations will have the option of completing an ASU masters degree in the science of health care delivery as they earn Mayo medical degrees. The masters degrees components include social and behavioral determinants of health, health care policy, health economics, management science, biomedical informatics, systems engineering and value principles of health care.

The health care landscape is changing so quickly, and we need to ensure that medical education keeps pace, says Michele Halyard, M.D., vice dean of Mayo Medical School. We are eager and ready to implement the transformative changes needed, such as the science of health care delivery degree, with ASU to respond to the future needs of patients.

Mayo Medical School enrolls 50 medical students each year. It received 4,327 applications for those spots last year. The Arizona expansion will allow additional students to enroll. The medical school is integrated with medical practice and research at Mayo Clinic.

The AMA grant program drew proposals from more than 80 percent of AMA-accredited medical schools. Eleven were selected to receive $1 million grants over five years. AMA wants to establish a learning consortium with selected schools to rapidly spread best practices to other schools.

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Mayo Medical School Receives AMA Grant to Speed Change in Medical Education

Public release date: 14-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Jim Fessenden james.fessenden@umassmed.edu 508-856-2000 University of Massachusetts Medical School

WORCESTER Scientists at the University of Massachusetts Medical School have developed a novel transgenic system which allows them to remotely activate individual brain cells in the model organism Drosophila using ambient temperature. This powerful new tool for identifying and characterizing neural circuitry has lead to the identification of a pair of neurons now called Fdg neurons in the fruit fly that decide when to eat and initiate the subsequent feeding action. Discovery of these neurons may help neurobiologists better understand how the brain uses memory and stimuli to produce classically conditioned responses, such as those often associated with phobias or drug tolerance. The study appears in the journal Nature.

"For any organism, the decision to eat is a complex integration of internal and external stimuli leading to the activation of an organized sequence of motor patterns," said Motojiro Yoshihara, PhD, assistant professor of neurobiology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and lead author of the Nature study. "By developing genetic tools to remotely activate individual brain cells in Drosophila, we've been able to isolate a pair of neurons that are critical to the act of eating in fruit flies. More importantly, we now have a powerful new tool with which we can answer important questions about the function and composition of neural circuitry."

To isolate the neurons responsible for sensing food and initiating the complex feeding program in Drosophila, UMMS scientists had to develop a method of studying the behavior of freely moving flies while targeting and manipulating individual neurons. To accomplish this, Dr. Yoshihara expressed temperature activated genes in random neurons in more than 800 Drosophila lines. Placing these genetically modified flies in a small temperature-controlled chamber, he was able to active these genes by increasing and decreasing the ambient temperature. This, in turn, activated the corresponding neurons.

Under wild conditions, when a hungry fly comes in contact with food it ceases motion and executives eight basic motor functions resulting in the consumption of the food. When the temperature in the chamber was increased, Yoshihara and colleagues were able to isolate a single Drosophila line which exhibited these eight motor functions, even in the absence of food or other stimuli. Subsequent experiments revealed that the feeding mechanism initiated by activating the transgenes was being controlled by a single pair of neurons in the fly's brain. Furthermore, these feeding (Fdg) neurons were responsible for synthesizing cues about available food and hunger, and using them to start the feeding mechanism.

"Our results showed that these neurons become active in the presence of a food source for the fly, but the response was contingent on whether the animal was hungry," said Yoshihara. "This means that these neurons are integrating both internal and external stimuli in order to initiate a complex feeding behavior with multiple motor programs."

Yoshihara believes this discovery will provide researchers with a powerful new tool for isolating, analyzing and characterizing aspects of the brain's neural circuitry and studying how information is integrated in the brain. In the future, Yoshihara plans to use the Fdg-neurons to study the biological basis of classical or Pavlovian conditioning. Doing so, he hopes to uncover how memory integrates stimuli to illicit a conditioned behavior.

###

This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH85958, and the Worcester Foundation (to M.Y.), and the summer program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/National Science Foundation (to T.F), and a Japan Science and Technology Agency CREST grant (to K.I.).

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Scientists at UMass Medical School identify neurons that control feeding behavior in Drosophila

Davao Medical School Foundation
The Davao Medical School Foundation (DMSF) was established in July 1976 with vision of having healthy communities. For Admissions Please Contact our Regional...

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Flowers at the Hallym Medical School in Chuncheon
Beautiful as they are! Hallym Medical School is one of the best medical schools in South Korea. Five hospitals are associated with this medical school.

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