New childhood tuberculosis estimates double the number previously thought

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

23-Mar-2014

Contact: Jessica Maki jmaki3@partners.org 617-525-6373 Brigham and Women's Hospital

Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) in Boston have estimated that around one million children suffer from tuberculosis (TB) annually twice the number previously thought to have tuberculosis and three times the number that are diagnosed every year. The researchers also estimated that around 32,000 children suffer from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) annually. These findings are published in The Lancet on March 23, 2014.

"Despite children comprising approximately one quarter of the world's population, there have been no previous estimates of how many suffer from MDR-TB disease," explained Ted Cohen, MD, DrPH, HMS associate professor of Medicine in BWH's Division of Global Health Equity and co-senior author of this study. "Our estimate of the total number of new cases of childhood TB is twice that estimated by the WHO in 2011 and three times the number of child TB cases notified globally each year," said Cohen, who is also associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health.

"TB in a child is recognized as a sentinel event; it tells us about ongoing transmission and missed opportunities for prevention," explained Mercedes Becerra, ScD, associate professor of Global Health and Social Medicine at HMS and co-senior author of the study. "Improved estimates are essential so that we can begin to understand the unmet need for pediatric TB treatment."

In order to obtain these estimates the researchers used several sources of publicly available data and devised a new method to correct for the chronic under-diagnosis that occurs in children, using conventional TB tests which were designed for and work best on adults. The researchers used two models to estimate both the regional and global annual incidence of MDR-TB in children. Their findings indicate that around 1,000,000 children developed TB disease in 2010 and of those, 32,000 had MDR-TB.

These findings underscore the urgent need for expanded investment in the global response to TB and MDR-TB in children. "Our findings demonstrate that there is a need for improved methods for collecting data on childhood TB. A good starting place would be improved diagnostic methods for children and more systematic collection of information on how many children are suffering with this disease," explained Helen Jenkins, PhD, HMS instructor in BWH's Division of Global Health Equity and lead statistician on the project.

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This research was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (U54GM088558, K01AI102944, R01AI097015), the Helmut Wolfgang Schumann Fellowship in Preventive Medicine at Harvard Medical School, the Norman E. Zinberg Fellowship at Harvard Medical School, and the Doris and Howard Hiatt Residency in Global Health Equity and Internal Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.

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New childhood tuberculosis estimates double the number previously thought

Residencies insufficient for current medical school graduates

I'd heard early in the week that the initial matching process left 18 graduates of of the University of Arkansas College of Medicine without residencies. A second step of the process reduced those with no place to go to seven, same as last year. They'll have to figure out something else to do for a year and try again if they hope to practice medicine.

Here's some relevant information from the Association of American Medical Colleges:

. AAMC President and CEO Darrell G. Kirch, M.D., issued a statement on this years Match results, expressing concern about the shortage of residency positions. Noting that several hundred U.S. seniors appear not to have matched this year, he said As a result, with a serious physician shortage looming closer, we remain concerned that the 17-year cap on federal support of new doctor training will impede the necessary growth in residency positions that must occur to ensure that our growing and aging population will receive the care it needs.

The shortage of residencies has relevance even closer to home. Arkansas State University is in process of establishing an osteopathic medical schooland a group in Fort Smith is also seeking to establish an osteopathic medical school. They'll need residencies, too. ASU hopes to turn out about 120 doctors a year.

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Residencies insufficient for current medical school graduates

UCF med school's graduating class find their 'match'

Fifty-five UCF medical school seniors matched into residency programs across Florida and in some of the top programs across the country during Match Day Friday, the day medical students nationwide find out where they will go next.

The 2014 UCF graduates will venture off into primary care, anesthesiology, dermatology and vascular surgery, among other specialties.

In Florida, students will do their residencies at Orlando Health, Florida Hospital, University of Florida, University of South Florida, Miami Childrens Hospital and the Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education in Jacksonville.

Students who sought national placements will do their residencies at programs that include Johns Hopkins, Harvards Massachusetts General, Georgetown University and Stanford University.

Our students are carrying on the legacy of our young medical school as UCF-educated physicians, medical school dean Dr. Deborah German said of theschools second graduating class.

On Friday, 55 paper lanterns colored black and gold to signify UCFs colors hung between palm trees outside the medical school. Each held a students sealed envelope containing their residency match. At noon, after the College of Medicines clock tower tolled 12 times, and students pulled a string on the lantern to free their envelope and learn where they would spend the next three to five years of residency training.

They screamed, cheered, cried and hugged.

Avianne Bunnell said, thank you, God as she learned she will go to her first choice, the Medical University of South Carolina, to be a vascular surgeon. Her husband, Brian Bunnell, matched into a pre-doctoral program in clinical psychology at the same university.

Jennifer Bazemore, a UCF biomedical sciences honors undergraduate, will do her pediatric residency at Johns Hopkins. Im beyond excited, she said of getting her top choice at one of Americas premier programs.

Similar to online dating, to get a match, students select their preferred residency program from a list of possibilities nationwide. Residency programs at universities and hospitals list their top picks. A centralized computer sorts and finds best matches. This year, 34,270 applicants went through match.

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UCF med school's graduating class find their 'match'

UMass Med students matched to residencies

WORCESTER Khanh-Van Tran was 8 when she and her family emigrated from Vietnam to Worcester in search of a better life. On Friday, the soon-to-be graduate of the University of Massachusetts Medical School was overjoyed to find out she will launch her career as a physician in this city she calls home.

On Match Day at UMass Medical, Ms. Tran was one of 121 fourth-year medical students who learned where they will be assigned for their hospital residencies later this year. Ms. Tran learned she had been matched with her first choice, UMass Memorial Medical Center in Worcester.

"It means a lot," said the alumna of Worcester's South High School, who grew up across the street from Clark University. "I grew up in Worcester. I love this community, and UMass gave me the best medical education. I feel so lucky that I matched here.

"It's a community I want to make a difference in. It means the world to me."

Ms. Tran, 31, who is going into internal medicine, is the first doctor in her family. Her parents, she said, are very proud. "My dad had tears in his eyes today."

Hers was just one of many good stories at the medical school's Albert Sherman Center Friday.

Worcester native Michael Richardson's family members gathered around as he opened his envelope and learned he had been matched to Carney Hospital in Dorchester, which has an innovative new program in his chosen field of family medicine.

His wife, Monica Wang, a research fellow at UMass Medical School, jumped into his arms for an embrace. "I'm so happy," said Mr. Richardson, 27. "Carney was my top choice. They're really trying to challenge medicine."

Ms. Wang, 28, who holds a doctorate in public health, was weighing several offers of assistant professorships starting this summer. With Mr. Richardson headed to Carney Hospital, the couple, currently living in Westboro, can plan accordingly.

Mr. Richardson, a member of the Nipmuc Tribe centered in Grafton, is the first in his family to attend medical school.

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UMass Med students matched to residencies

Graduate Profiles Dr Curtis & Dr Veasey: LIME Indigenous Pathways into Medicine – Video


Graduate Profiles Dr Curtis Dr Veasey: LIME Indigenous Pathways into Medicine
The Leaders in Indigenous Medical Education #39;LIME #39; Network Program, Indigenous Pathways into Medicine Videos Indigenous Graduate Profiles #2: Dr Elana Curtis...

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Graduate Profiles Dr Curtis & Dr Veasey: LIME Indigenous Pathways into Medicine - Video

Audio-Digest Foundation Announces the Release of General Surgery Volume 61, Issue 1: Gunshot Wound/Cervical Spine

Glendale, CA (PRWEB) March 20, 2014

Audio-Digest Foundation Announces the Release of General Surgery Volume 61, Issue 1: Gunshot Wound/Cervical Spine.

The goal of this program is to improve the management of gunshot wounds and injury to the cervical spine. After hearing and assimilating this program, the clinician will be better able to:

1. Weigh the evidence supporting selective nonoperative management of abdominal gunshot injuries. 2. Select patients that would benefit from nonoperative management of gunshot wounds. 3. Perform a stepwise clinical evaluation of the cervical spine in a patient who is alert and cooperative after blunt trauma. 4. Order appropriate imaging in patients with possible cervical spine injury. 5. Evaluate computed tomography scans to rule out injury to cervical spine after blunt trauma.

The original programs were presented by George Velmahos, MD, PhD, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, and Division Chief of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Audio-Digest Foundation, the largest independent publisher of Continuing Medical Education in the world, records over 10,000 hours of lectures every year in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, family practice, gastroenterology, general surgery, internal medicine, neurology, obstetrics/gynecology, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, otolaryngology, pediatrics, psychology, and urology, by the leading medical researchers at the top laboratories, universities, and institutions.

Recent researchers have hailed from Harvard, Cedars-Sinai, Mayo Clinic, UCSF, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of California, San Diego, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and many others.

Out of these cutting-edge programs, Audio-Digest then chooses the most clinically relevant, edits them for clarity, and publishes them either every week or every two weeks.

In addition, Audio-Digest publishes subscription series in conjunction with leading medical societies: DiabetesInsight with The American Diabetes Association, ACCEL with The American College of Cardiology, Continuum Audio with The American Academy of Neurology, and Journal Watch Audio General Medicine with Massachusetts Medical Society.

For 60 years, the global medical community of doctors, nurses, physician assistants, and other medical professionals around the world has subscribed to Audio-Digest specialty series in order to remain current in their specialties as well as to maintain their Continuing Education requirements with the most cutting-edge, independent, and unbiased continuing medical education (CME).

Link:

Audio-Digest Foundation Announces the Release of General Surgery Volume 61, Issue 1: Gunshot Wound/Cervical Spine

Antioch trustees reject autonomy for Dozier-Libbey Medical High

ANTIOCH -- Dozier-Libbey Medical High School's future remains uncertain, but Antioch Unified's stance on keeping it in the district is clear.

Trustees voted unanimously this week to deny a petition to allow the medical-themed magnet school to become an independent charter, while establishing it as a dependent charter remaining under the auspices of the district.

"As a board member, I have to look at what's best for the entire district," said trustee Claire Smith, the lone current board member in office when the school was designed in the early 2000s and opened in 2008.

"I believe the current vision as it is presented to us tonight of Dozier-Libbey has gone off track from the board's original direction and vision," Smith said.

The 23 Dozier-Libbey teachers who petitioned for the change say they plan to appeal the board's decision with the county office of education. They also question the legality of the district's petition and its stance on the use of the facility if the school becomes an independent charter.

"The board's decision didn't come as a huge surprise," said Jefferson Weber, a Dozier-Libbey teacher. "What was interesting was that it seemed like they already had a decision predetermined. I had thought there would have been a little bit more discussion."

Still, the petitions could face "a year or so or more" of litigation to get resolved, Scott Fallbrook, the district's legal counsel, said Wednesday.

The specter of Dozier-Libbey becoming a charter has divided the community.

The tension bubbled over at times Wednesday night, as emotions ran high during more than four hours of public testimony from the standing-room-only crowd in excess of 400 at John Muir Elementary. Dozier-Libbey students and teachers wearing black shirts that said "Dozier-Libbey Medical Charter" sat on one side, with petition opponents -- many employees from other district schools -- on the other, some carrying signs lampooning the school's former "no D" policy and saying the district helped make the school what it is.

Teachers want to reinstate the "no D" policy while the district has said students should get the grades they earn. Some students prefer an F over a D, because it makes it easier to retake the class for a better grade.

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Antioch trustees reject autonomy for Dozier-Libbey Medical High

Michael S. Parmacek, MD, Named Chair of the Department of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the …

PHILADELPHIA Michael S. Parmacek, MD, Herbert C. Rorer Professor of Medical Sciences, has been named Chair of the Department of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Parmacek has been with Penn for over 15 years, most recently serving as the interim chair of the department and the chief of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. The Department of Medicine at Penn is the oldest in the country and includes 12 divisions, with origins dating back to 1765 when John Morgan, MD, assumed leadership as the first department chair in the first medical school in the United States.

As Chair of the Department of Medicine, Dr. Parmacek will lead the largest department in the Perelman School of Medicine and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, said J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD, Executive Vice President for the Health System and Dean of the Perelman School of Medicine. His exceptional leadership and strategic vision will be invaluable to the talented clinicians and researchers in the department who work each day to provide exceptional patient care and push medical technology and innovation at Penn to new levels.

Dr. Parmacek is currently the Herbert C. Rorer Professor of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Director of the Penn Cardiovascular Institute. He came to Penn as Chief of Cardiovascular Medicine in 1998, following successful roles at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. A nationally recognized expert in cardiovascular biology and medicine, he has distinguished himself at Penn with significant research advances and at the same time has built one of the nations leading cardiovascular medicine divisions. Dr. Parmacek has been named to multiple important local, regional and national leadership positions, including the Advisory Council of the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Health Research Advisory Council and the Founding Director of Penns nationally renowned Cardiovascular Institute.

Over the course of his career, he has made multiple seminal discoveries which have impacted the understanding the molecular and genetic basis of congenital heart disease, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm and dissection and heart failure. He has published a substantial body of scholarly work in high-impact journals, including Science, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Genes and Development and the New England Journal of Medicine. Dr. Parmacek was elected an Established Investigator by the American Heart Association (AHA), President of the Association of Professors of Cardiology, Fellow of the AHA and American College of Cardiology, and member of the American Society of Clinical Investigation and the Association of American Physicians.

Dr. Parmacek earned his medical degree from Northwestern University. He completed residency training in Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan and Cardiovascular Disease fellowship training at Northwestern University. Following his clinical training, Dr. Parmacek performed a postdoctoral research fellowship in molecular cardiology at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of Michigan.

In the almost 250 years since it was established, the Department of Medicine at Penn has been served by 23 Chairs. Today, the department includes 500 full-time faculty members, over 200 associated faculty, and over 300 academic support staff. The most recent NIH Report ranks the department #3 in funding among all departments of Medicine in U.S. medical schools, with just over $110,000,000 in grant support.

The Department of Medicine also has a long history of training the future leaders in American medicine, and Dr. Parmacek will be at the forefront of these highly competitive training programs, which currently include 166 residents and 157 subspecialty fellows. In addition to these rigorous training programs, the department is responsible for more than 430,000 outpatient encounters and more than 25,000 inpatient admissions each year.

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Michael S. Parmacek, MD, Named Chair of the Department of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the ...

Risk of Obesity From Regular Consumption of Fried Foods May Depend on Genetic Makeup

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Newswise Boston, MA People with a genetic predisposition to obesity are at a higher risk of obesity and related chronic diseases from eating fried foods than those with a lower genetic risk, according to a new study from researchers from Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Womens Hospital, and Harvard Medical School. It is the first study to show that the adverse effects of fried foods may vary depending on the genetic makeup of the individual.

Our study shows that a higher genetic risk of obesity may amplify the adverse effects of fried food consumption on body weight, and high intakes of fried food may also exacerbate the deleterious genetic effects, said Lu Qi, lead author and assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition at HSPH and Brigham and Womens Hospital and Harvard Medical School.

The study appears online March 18, 2014 in the British Medical Journal.

The researchers analyzed data from 9,623 women in the Nurses Health Study, 6,379 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and 21,426 women in the Womens Genome Health Study. Participants filled out food frequency questionnaires that asked how often they ate fried foods both at home and away from home. Body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, were also assessed. Genetic risk scores were calculated based on genetic variants associated with BMI.

The results showed that regular consumption of fried foods was associated with higher BMI, after taking into account other dietary and lifestyle factors. In addition, the study showed that the association between overconsumption of fried foods and obesity was particularly pronounced among people with a greater genetic predisposition to obesity. On the other hand, the genetic effect on BMI among those who ate fried foods more than four times a week was about twice as large compared with those who ate them less than once a week.

Our findings indicate that genetic risk of obesity could be mitigated by simply changing an eating habit, said Frank Hu, co-author and professor of nutrition and epidemiology at HSPH. From a public health point of view, everyone should be encouraged to adopt healthy eating habits, not just those who are genetically susceptible.

This study was supported by grants DK091718, HL071981, HL073168, CA87969, CA49449, CA055075, HL34594, HL088521, U01HG004399, DK080140, P30DK46200, U01CA137088, U54CA155626, DK58845, DK098311, U01HG004728, EY015473, CA134958, DK70756 and DK46200 from the National Institutes of Health, with additional support for genotyping from Merck Research Laboratories.

Fried food consumption, genetic risk, and body mass index: gene-diet interaction analysis in three U.S. cohort studies, Qibin Qi, Audrey Y. Chu, Jae H. Kang, Jinyan Huang, Lynda M. Rose, Majken K. Jensen, Liming Liang, Gary C. Curhan, Louis R. Pasquale, Janey L. Wiggs, Immaculata De Vivo, Andrew T. Chan, Hyon K. Choi, Rulla M. Tamimi, Paul M. Ridker, David J. Hunter, Walter C. Willett, Eric B. Rimm, Daniel I. Chasman, Frank B. Hu, Lu Qi, British Medical Journal, online March 18, 2014

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Risk of Obesity From Regular Consumption of Fried Foods May Depend on Genetic Makeup

Venture Investing in Life Science Start-ups: Dennis Purcell, Aisling Capital – Video


Venture Investing in Life Science Start-ups: Dennis Purcell, Aisling Capital
On February 25, 2014, Dennis Purcell, Senior Managing Director, Aisling Capital, met with Orin Herskowitz, Executive Director at Columbia Technology Ventures...

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Venture Investing in Life Science Start-ups: Dennis Purcell, Aisling Capital - Video

KU medical schools wins re-accreditation despite concerns

Topeka The Kansas University Medical School won re-accreditation despite concerns voiced by KU officials to legislators that lack of funding for a $75 million health education building could have jeopardized accreditation. Even so, the need for a new building remains a concern going forward, officials said.

KU announced Monday that it received full accreditation for the next eight years, which is the longest period possible.

But the schools accreditors, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), cited the school for noncompliance in two areas and said the school must show progress in six other areas by Aug. 1, 2015.

And one of those areas that the school must show progress in is improving its training facilities at the Kansas City, Kan., campus.

During the 2014 legislative session, KU officials have told legislators that without assistance in building a new $75 million health education building, the school faced accreditation problems.

On Monday, Douglas Girod, executive vice chancellor of the KU Medical Center, said the school was surprised it wasnt cited for an inadequate training building at the Kansas City campus after LCME visited the schools campuses in October 2013.

Based on comments from LCME visitors last fall, we anticipated a citation for lack of facilities appropriate for our curriculum, Girod said. We are fortunate they didnt issue a citation, but the accreditors made it clear this is an area that needs immediate attention.

The LCME said we are still in compliance, but that we need to fix the problem, Girod said. In August 2015, they wont be satisfied with were working on it. We need to show real progress on our building project in the next 17 months.

According to the LCME findings, students and faculty express dissatisfaction with the current state of facilities, including inadequate seating, particularly in the first-year lecture hall and the number of small-group classrooms that limit the schools ability to fully incorporate active learning on the Kansas City campus.

Girod said school officials are continuing discussions with Gov. Sam Brownback and the Legislature about the importance of the new building.

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KU medical schools wins re-accreditation despite concerns