How Have Changing Sea-Levels Influenced Evolution on the Galapagos Islands? (VIDEO)

May 8, 2014

Wiley Research News

The Galapagos Islands have an iconic status in the history of evolutionary study, now new research shows that the islands own geological past may have influenced the evolution of the chains native species.

Writing in the Journal of Biogeography, Jason Ali and Jonathan Aitchison explore how fluctuating sea level changes over thousands of years impacted the island chains ecology. They estimate that when the sea retreated, most recently 20,000 years ago, the water would have been 144m below its current level.

As a result, Santa Cruz, the island in the center of the archipelago, would have expanded, enveloping many of the smaller islands, while creating a series of shallow land bridges between the volcanic outcroppings. Such bridges explain the range and diversity of the islands species, such as snakes, geckos and iguanas, which appear landlocked to modern eyes.

As soon as I saw that that half the islands in the archipelago were sat on a single, shallow, submarine platform, I realized that the implications for biology could be significant, said Dr. Ali. My geological knowledge told me that sea-level falls must have regularly re-connected the islands, and that this must have profoundly shaped the landlocked biotas distribution, and very likely its composition.

Source: Wiley Research News

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How Have Changing Sea-Levels Influenced Evolution on the Galapagos Islands? (VIDEO)

Australia's Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands cost $2.6 billion: report

A new report has found that Australia's decade-long assistance mission to Solomon Islands achieved some results but at a 'massive and disproportionate' cost to Australia.

The Lowy Institute's report on the country's Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) says the whole operation cost Australia $A2.6 billion.

Launched on Thursday, its report is the first to put a price tag on the whole operation.

The report's author and director of the Myer Melanesia Program, Jenny Hayward Jones, says the costs built up largely because there was no clearly defined exit strategy at the beginning of the mission.

"(This) could have enabled the mission to draw down after some early successes," she told Radio Australia's Pacific Beat program.

"There was also a bit of a sense of 'mission drift' as the mission took on more and more tasks the longer it stayed."

Ms Hayward Jones says that before she started her research, there was no breakdown of expenditure across RAMSI's three main areas - law and justice, economic governance and the machinery of government.

"The breakdown that I publish in my paper is something that I asked for from the government," she said.

"This in itself is problematic because it shows the Australian Government was probably not doing the best job it could have of measuring its performance over the decade."

The research shows that the bulk of funds were spent on law and justice, which consumed just over $A2.1 billion or 83 per cent of the total cost.

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Australia's Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands cost $2.6 billion: report

China Loses Contact With 11 Fishermen Off Disputed Islands

Tensions flared in the South China Sea today as armed Philippine police arrested Chinese fishermen near a disputed shoal and Vietnam said Chinese boats rammed into Vietnamese vessels during a confrontation in waters close to islands claimed by the two countries.

The Chinese fishing boat and its crew were detained by the Philippines near the Spratly Islands, known as the Nansha Islands in Chinese, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said, demanding the release of the fishermen. Vietnam separately said Chinese vessels intentionally collided with its boats near an exploration rig placed by China close to the Paracel Islands.

The incidents come as China takes a more assertive stance on maritime territorial issues that are souring relations with neighbors from Vietnam to Japan. U.S. President Barack Obama last month visited Asia to reassure key allies of U.S. support in the face of Chinas rising economic and military power, while Asian countries have been pushing China to agree to a code of conduct to avoid conflicts in the South China Sea.

It shows the regional concern that China has yet to agree or commit to a timetable with respect to the code of conduct -- frustration that China hasnt done that, said Terence Lee, an assistant professor of political science at National University of Singapore, referring to the Philippine and Vietnamese actions. Finding some way forward concretely without the use of force is imperative for the countries in the region.

At a briefing in Beijing, Hua accused the Philippines and Vietnam of violating its sovereignty over the island chains. She accused Vietnam of being disruptive.

China has 80 vessels in the area, including seven military craft, some of which fired water at Vietnamese ships backed by low-flying Chinese aircraft, Ngo Ngoc Thu, Vice Commander of Vietnams Coast Guard, said at a briefing. Six Vietnamese officers were hurt by broken glass during the clash, he said.

The situation is extremely tense, Thu said. While Vietnam seeks to resolve the dispute through negotiations, all endurance has limits. If China vessels continue to hit ours, we will have similar moves to respond in self-defense.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is seeking the code for the oil-and gas-rich waters in the South China Sea, through which some of the worlds busiest shipping lanes run. The talks have made little progress since China agreed last July to start discussions, before introducing fishing rules in January requiring foreign vessels to seek permission before entering waters off its southern coast.

China has said it is prepared to hold bilateral talks over territorial issues. It has rejected a Philippine move for international arbitration on their claims to parts of the South China Sea.

Philippine police confirmed they detained a Chinese vessel carrying 11 crew. The fishermen were on board the boat Qiongqionghai 09063, the official Xinhua News Agency said, citing the Tanmen fishing association in the Hainan island city of Qionghai. Another fishing boat fled the scene, it said.

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China Loses Contact With 11 Fishermen Off Disputed Islands

[The Weekend News] Philippine Coast Guard teachers, idedeploy sa Kalayaan islands [05|04|14] – Video


[The Weekend News] Philippine Coast Guard teachers, idedeploy sa Kalayaan islands [05|04|14]
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"Islands of Escape" 1 Hour in the Fiji Islands (w Nature Sounds) Tropical Relaxation Video 1080p – Video


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Islands in the dream

Pastoral paradise: Mundoo Island farmer Colin Grundy is happy he has drought proofed his fourth generation farm at the mouth of the Murray River in South Australia. Source: WeeklyTimesNow

Unique: Two pelicans at Mundoo Island watched by Angus cattle. Picture: Brake Mark Source: The Weekly Times

NOT many farmers can boast frontage to the Murray River and the Southern Ocean.

But Colin and Sally Grundy are not your average farmers.

Were the last farming property on the Murray where the river meets the sea, Colin said.

Were the largest commercial farming enterprise in the area and because were spread over four islands, we approach the property like a cattle station.

Said Sally: Were between 2800 and 3200ha, but weve never actually sat down to work it out, but Id say roughly 3000ha. Our land area varies with the tide, wind, erosion and lease tenure.

Welcome to Mundoo Island on the tip of South Australias magnificent Coorong a farming enterprise named for the largest of the four islands, on which the Grundys graze 500 Angus breeding cattle and 275 Dorper sheep.

Accessed by Hindmarsh Islands bridge, and then a restricted barrage to Mundoo, their relative isolation means they also run farm tourism tours and camping.

Yet as spectacular as the surrounding half-fresh, half-salt water environment is, and as pioneering and remarkable as the propertys history has been, the Grundy story is a bittersweet one.

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Islands in the dream

Future Islands Show New Dance Moves on 'Jimmy Kimmel': Watch

Back in March, Future Islands and their charismatic frontman Samuel T. Herring set the blogosphere ablaze with their spirited, dance-infused "Late Show with David Letterman" performance. After that rendition of "Seasons (Waiting on You)" earned the praise of the veteran host and went viral, it's no surprise "Jimmy Kimmel Live" came calling for round two -- watch the performance from Monday night (May 5):

The synth-pop quartet played two more cuts from their excellent new album "Singles," "Spirit" and "Doves." Both came accompanied with new dance moves and pep talks from Herring.

Future Islands Talks Coldplay & Foo Fighters Love and Hitting Coachella Stage

"This song's about digging deep down inside of yourself to find that little bit of flame," Herring says while gesticulating to the crowd, about to dive into "Spirit." "It's always burning even when you're hurtin' real bad. And bringing that up to the surface, that's your spirit, baby. You gotta nurture it. You gotta share it with yourself and the people around you. Make everything better."

Their other performance, "Doves," came with a plethora of new dance moves from Herring, who manages to toe the line between creepy and charming. There was some booty-shakin' and some pelvic motion. During the choruses, he got the crowd to hop along in rhythmic unison, and like his first viral performance, there was plenty of chest-grabbing and crowd-pointing.

"Singles" debuted at No. 40 on the Billboard 200 albums chart last month. After Future Islands kicks off an European tour in London on Wednesday night, the band will return to North America for a string of dates beginning in August.

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Future Islands Show New Dance Moves on 'Jimmy Kimmel': Watch

Paradise found on islands of giants

ILOILOS HIDDEN PARADISE Cabugao Gamay is the most photographed islet on Islas de Gigantes for its rock formations, white beach and clear waters. NESTOR P. BURGOS JR./INQUIRER VISAYAS

The Inquirer is running a series of articles on the countrys tourism crown jewelssomehow uncut but equally sparkling and surprising as the usual vacation haunts. The articles will appear three times a week during the summer months. Please send us your own hot go-to discoveries to summer by. Text 0917-8177586 for details.Ed.

CARLES, IloiloDespite its name, travelers wont find any giant in this group of islands in northern Iloilo.

According to folklore, Islas de Gigantes got its name from the inhabitants who once roamed the islands and were about nine feet tall. The folk belief is seemingly supported by the sight of large wooden coffins found on the island that some locals say were used by the early settlers.

But more than the mythical stories, Gigantes Islands has drawn an increasing number of travelers with its isolated and pristine white-sand beaches and coves, crystal-clear waters, majestic rock formations, storied caves and other attractions.

It has been described as Iloilos hidden paradise getaway even as its fame continues to grow in recent years.

During the recent Holy Week, some 500 tourists flocked to Gigantes Norte, the main jump-off point in exploring the islands. The number represented a leap from the hundred or so visitors in previous years.

10 islands

Most of the tourists had to stay in tents because there were not enough rooms to accommodate them, according to Josephine Decano, resort manager of Gigantes Hideaway, one of seven resorts on the islands.

There has been a marked increase in the number of guests, mostly because of accounts from those who have been here, Decano said.

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Endangered Galapagos Finches Self-Fumigate To Rid Nests Of Deadly Parasite

The same birds that inspired Charles Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection are weaving cotton balls soaked in pesticide into their nests to drive out the blood-sucking larvae of the Philornis downsi fly.

According to a new study, published Monday in the journal Current Biology by University of Utah researchers, the deadly fly was introduced to the Galpagos Islands on ships from mainland Ecuador during the 1990s. While the adult flies are harmless, larvae deposited into finch nests kill baby finches.

"This parasite is not historically found in the Galapagos Islands and, therefore, Darwin's finches have not had enough time to evolve defenses against the parasites," Dale Clayton, a University of Utah biology professor and senior author of a study, told Reuters. "In some years, 100 percent of nestlings die as a direct result of the parasites. It is critical to find a way to control the parasites in order to help the birds.

Researchers say the parasites have affected almost all of the 14 species of Darwins finches, two of which are endangered.

A new method of killing the flies involves leaving cotton treated with a mild solution of permethrin the same stuff sold over-the-counter to combat head lice and scabies near the birds nesting sites. The birds tore away pieces of the treated cotton with their beaks and incorporated them into their nests, killing the fly maggots and leaving the birds unharmed.

The finches had essentially self-fumigated their homes.

After they collected 26 active finch nests, researchers discovered that half of them contained the treated cotton. Nests that had cotton in them also had half as many deadly maggots present.

Our method of self-fumigation is a simple and immediate solution that can help Darwin's finches combat this devastating parasite, Sarah Knutie, a researcher with the University of Utah, said in a statement. Many animals cannot defend themselves against such parasites. Therefore, the animals need our help in developing effective ways to protect them.

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Endangered Galapagos Finches Self-Fumigate To Rid Nests Of Deadly Parasite

How have changing sea-levels influenced evolution on the Galapagos Islands?

The Galapagos Islands have an iconic status in the history of evolutionary study, now new research shows that the islands' own geological past may have influenced the evolution of the chain's native species.

Writing in the Journal of Biogeography, Jason Ali and Jonathan Aitchison explore how fluctuating sea level changes over thousands of years impacted the island chain's ecology. They estimate that when the sea retreated, most recently 20,000 years ago, the water would have been 144m below its current level.

As a result, Santa Cruz, the island in the center of the archipelago, would have expanded, enveloping many of the smaller islands, while creating a series of shallow 'land bridges' between the volcanic outcroppings. Such bridges explain the range and diversity of the islands' species, such as snakes, geckos and iguanas, which appear landlocked to modern eyes.

"As soon as I saw that that half the islands in the archipelago were sat on a single, shallow, submarine platform, I realized that the implications for biology could be significant," said Dr. Ali. "My geological knowledge told me that sea-level falls must have regularly re-connected the islands, and that this must have profoundly shaped the landlocked biota's distribution, and very likely its composition."

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The above story is based on materials provided by Wiley. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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How have changing sea-levels influenced evolution on the Galapagos Islands?

Great news for visitors driving in the Cook Islands

May 6 2014

Media release from Cook Islands Tourism Corporation in NZ

Great news for visitors driving in the Cook Islands

Visitors from New Zealand, Australia, USA, Canada, UK and the EU can now drive in the Cook Islands using their own licences.

Previously visitors had to obtain a local licence from the Police National Headquarters in Rarotonga. Effective immediately, the new law allows visitors aged over 16 to drive the class of motor vehicle they are entitled to drive in their home country for up to six months.

However, this means that people wishing to ride a motorbike or scooter who are not licenced to do so in their home country, still need to obtain a local licence in Rarotonga.

Graeme West, General Manager of Cook Islands Tourism Corporation in New Zealand, said the welcome change was a direct response to visitor feedback and recognised that the Cook Islands road rules are very similar to those in its main visitor markets.

Many people hire a car to explore the stunning beaches around the lagoon, the inland villages and tropical gardens, said Mr West. Having to first obtain a local licence was frustrating for some people, especially returning visitors and we knowthey will really welcome this change.

Note: Visitors whose licences are written in a language other than English will need an accurate translation.

ENDS

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Great news for visitors driving in the Cook Islands