1. Biochemistry

Category Archives: Biochemistry

Biochemistry: Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids Part 1 – Video

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http://www.zaneeducation.com - This K12 curriculum online biology and biochemistry video will help students to study the structure and function of carbohydrates and lipids and in particular one carbohydrate, the sugar glucose. Learn about the biological importance of lipids and carbohydrates and learn about the structure and function of glucose.

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Biochemistry: Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids Part 1 - Video

Bite-Sized Biochemistry #10: Enzymes – Video

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Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing Biochemistry Basics in BB 450. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at http://www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 451 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Highlights Enzymes 1.

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Bite-Sized Biochemistry #10: Enzymes - Video

Bite-Sized Biochemistry #50 – Gene Expression II – Video

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(03/04/11) Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing Biochemistry Basics in BB 451. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at http://www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 450 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Highlights Gene Expression 2 1.

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Bite-Sized Biochemistry #50 - Gene Expression II - Video

Bite-Sized Biochemistry #51 – Gene Expression III / Sensory Systems I – Video

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(03/07/11) Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing Biochemistry Basics in BB 451. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at http://www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 450 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Highlights Gene Expression (continued) 1.

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Bite-Sized Biochemistry #51 - Gene Expression III / Sensory Systems I - Video

Bite-Sized Biochemistry #2: Buffers (Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation) – Video

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Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing the basics of biochemistry in BB 450. This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu See the full course at oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at http://www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 451 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Highlights Buffers and Henderson Hasselbalch 1

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Bite-Sized Biochemistry #2: Buffers (Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation) - Video

Introduction to Biochemistry Lecture 3 of 4 – Video

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Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University introducing students to the subject of biochemistry in BB 350. This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu See the full course at oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at http://www.davincipress.com

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Introduction to Biochemistry Lecture 3 of 4 - Video

Scope of Biochemistry – Will I get a job ?

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While talking to many of the students and to some of my counterparts in the city, I noticed that many of them feel that there is no or little scope for biochemistry.   They are actually confusing between the words "Scope" and the "Jobs" after studying biochemistry.
Scope means the areas where one can get into and Job means getting into one.
After studying Biochemistry (BSc or MSc) you can get into the following areas ( with necessary extra skills):
1.   Diagnostic labs in hospitals ( you need to complete Medical Lab Technician course).
2.   Research and Development wings of industries manufacturing all the products that are used in our body, i.e., soaps, shampoos, tooth pastes, perfumes, talcs etc.  because all these products involve the effectiveness in interacting with various biomolecules in our body.  And this can be done effectively by a Biochemist only.
3.   e-Publishing in scientific journals and magazines.
4.  ITeS - IT enabled services  -  this includes Medical Transcription, Medical Coding, Medical Billing.
5.  Off late  Online tutoring is getting more demand, especially from US, UK and other europeran countries.
If you like to set up your career in the area of biochemistry you can get into any of these.
For all of these areas you definitely require good communication, interpersonal skills, and basic computer knowledge.
Well, getting a Job depends on the vacancies and the expectations of those companies.
Cheers 🙂

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Homeopaths respond to the Abha Light Scandal

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There is a fine piece of investigative journalism in today’s Independent from Melanie Newman and Alex Chepkoit who have investigated the Abha Light Clinic in Kenya, where homeopaths have been advising patients not to take anti-retroviral drugs to stave off HIV, instead suggesting that homeopathy is a suitable substitute.

The Quackometer has the full story and is a must read.

A homeopath claiming to treat HIV/AIDS with sugar pills is sadly not an isolated event.  Homeopathic societies have featured guest speakers on the subject, funded unethical trials, and even awarded fellowships to those who believe that the AIDS epidemic can be halted through homeopathy.

This is a belief that runs deep in the profession.

In response to this expose, homeopaths on internet forums such as Minutus, have shown absolutely no awareness of the egregious nature of their behaviour in Kenya.  Karin Mont, Chair of the Alliance of Registered Homeopaths – the second biggest organisation representing lay practitioners in the UK, has said ‘Here we go again. The trashers are about to have another feeding frenzy!’.

More worringly, the head of the Abha Light Clinic, Didi Ruchira, has posted the following:

Please remember that the African-based projects are being used as “cannon fodder” for the UK battle. We (all the African projects) continue to need your support and welcome it.

The article was first published in nairobi on 1 May, but is originated from Melanie Neumann for the Independent. We were given right of reply, but it seems that they mostly ignored our points. I will post more information as I can organize it.

Needless to say, the articles are full of distortions and “un-facts”. The only fact I can stand by in that article is the mention that ALF started 1998 and “it runs the country’s largest homeopathic pharmacy“

1 May, Sunday Standard, Kenya
 http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000034272&cid=159&story=Concern%20over%20NGO%27s%20HIV/Aids%20%27treatment

3 May, The Independent, UK
 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/an-alternative-for-kenyas-hiv-patients-ndash-or-a-health-scandal-2278049.html

Abha Light Foundation is one of the oldest organizations working for the promotion of homeopathy in Africa. We started in 1998. It is through ALF that homeopathy has grown in presence in Kenya until there are now more that 4 organizations/groups regularly working here to promote homeopathy and 3 schools.

Between the expat community, Indian-trained or EU-trained Kenyans and the locally trained homeopaths we can count about 100-150 trained homeopaths working in Kenya.

ALF is not the first presence of homeopathy in Kenya. The first homeopath in Kenya came in 1928 from now-Pakistan. His son (now in his 80′s) and his grandson are both homeopaths. But it wasn’t until ALF organized in 1998 that there was a steady outreach and popularization into the local communities.

Although traditional African herbal medicine has always been used here, when I first came to Kenya, few people had awareness about alternative medicine or homeopathy. But over the years, Kenyans – even from the poorest to the richest- are increasingly turning away from allopathy due to its ineffectiveness and side-effects.

That last sentence is chilling.  Allopathy is a derogatory term homeopaths use to describe conventional medicine.  It is clear there is a missionary zeal at play here, but rather than save the souls of Africans, homeopaths intend instead to  sacrifice their bodies by turning them away from lifesaving medicine and towards their ineffective sugar pills.

The average life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa is 30 years less than that of the developed world.  This represents a humanitarian problem of immense proportion that will take much wealth, effort and ingenuity to solve.  It requires the production and dispersal of life saving medicines and the cooperation of the United Nations health agencies and often unstable governments.  What it does not need is are homeopaths from Europe and America whose persistent delusions, and idiotic confidence, can and will kill.

Brian Haw and the false cures of quackery

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Brian Haw, the protester whose dogged presence outside of parliament turned him into a cause célèbre, has died of lung cancer.  Mr Haw was a divisive figure, with often unorthodox opinions, whose determination to camp outside parliament became a matter of considerable political debate on the right to protest.  In recent years Mr Haw’s supporters dwindled to a hardcore group with fringe opinions.  They have let him down badly. 
Mr Haw’s cancer has very low survival outcome, for a man of his age, his chances of surviving 5 years following diagnosis were less than 10%. There is little that Mr Haw could have done to delay the disease.  However, this did not stop proponents of alternative medicine offering to help with false promises of cures and treatments based on nothing but quackery.

Following Mr Haw’s diagnosis, fans of David Icke, a notorious conspiracy theorist, took charge of fund raising for his treatment in Germany, via the Shen Clinic.  The Shen Clinic believes in, and has promoted, the theories of Tulio Simoncini.

Dr. Simoncini’s therapy uses Sodium Bicarbonate to destroy the fungus colonies which he believes are the cause of both cancer and mastatasis[sic]. Although controversial, many have personally witnessed the dramatic drop in cancer markers following his therapy, even in some advanced cases. He also recommends the use of natural and complementary medicine such as nutrition, homotoxicology, acupuncture and others.

 
Mr Simoncini is banned from practising medicine and has fraud and wrongful death convictions in his native Italy.

Despite the clarity of the evidence against Mr Simoncini, his theories and his outcomes, Mr Haw moved to Germany to undergo therapy.  Reports in April of this year asserted successful treatment.

Brian Haw is currently living in my flat in Germany while having treatment for his lung cancer – the good news is that he had an MRI scan this week and he’s on the mend – by the way, his treatment consists of intraveneous Vitamin C and Sodium Bicarbonate (not at the same time!) – THIS IS ILLEGAL IN THE UK !!!! – WTF !!!! – IT’S VITAMIN C !!!! – AND BAKING SODA !!!!

This was sadly optimistic.

Mr Haw’s cancer was almost certainly incurable, but rather than spending his final days being cared for by medical professionals in the UK, he was sent to Germany by conspiracy theorists, offered the false prospect of a cure, and was subjected to unnecessary and ineffective treatments.

There is certain to be a resurgence of debate about Mr Haw’s principles, politics and behaviour as a result of his death, but probably little on the circumstances surrounding it.  Regardless of what you may think of Mr Haw, perhaps the greatest injustice he has undergone in the last decade is not the disruption, court actions and parliamentary discussion surrounding his protest, all of which have been debated and ruled on by a transparent democratic and legal system, but the falsities told to him by supporters of alternative medicine in denial of the facts. 

 

Prince Charles congratulates homeopaths who try to treat AIDS with homeopathy

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The School of Homeopathy are celebrating their 30th anniversary this weekend.  Amongst the attractions are talks from some of homeopathy’s leading lights including Jeremy Sherr, a patron of the school who is somewhat infamous for attempting to conduct unethical trails on HIV/AIDS patients in the developing world.  Pride of place amongst the school’s programme is a very special announcement from a very special supporter.

There will be a special written announcement from His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.

“This is one of the largest most exciting events ever held in homeopathy. Never before have so many influential homeopaths come together to present at one free online event  – it is truly world class! We are honoured and proud by the added endorsement from His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. We are so pleased to be bringing all of this to UK and our local community”.

Mani Norland, the School’s Principal

This is somewhat inappropriate as the School have endorsed the use of homeopathy for HIV/AIDS and Africa as well as the work of Mr Sherr.  The activities of Mr Sherr have been condemned by the World Health Organisation and Sense About Science.  While the work of Mr Sherr and the School of Homeopathy in Africa is small scale their beliefs, when found in governments, can have devastating consequences.  In South Africa, where then Prime Minister Thebo Mbeki was influenced by unconventional theories, there have been devastating consequences with preventable deaths being measured in the hundreds of thousands.

While Mr Sherr’s ideas remain unpopular their harm, although real, will not be on this scale. However, should Mr Sherr or the School of Homeopathy gain the endorsement of prominent figures, such as HRH The Prince of Wales, the consequences may be devastating should this increase their influence on the governments of the countries in which they work.

Given the support of HRH The Prince of Wales, and his family, for organisations that seek to ease the hardship faced by those who are victims of HIV/AIDS it is concerning that he should lend his name to the School of Homeopathy.

I wrote to the Clarence House, the Prince’s residence, to express my concerns as laid out above. Their response was brief and to the point.

The Prince of Wales has sent a letter of congratulations to the Stroud School of Homeopathy’s [sic] on their 30th Anniversary. The Prince has not endorsed any particular individuals or treatments.

This is to miss the point somewhat. Prince Charles is a man who has and uses influence. Sometimes he uses it to prevent building projects, other times he uses it to try and fire academics who challenge his beliefs on alternative medicine. He can apply his title to a charity by honorary appointment or endorsement and this is seen as increasing both the profile and fund raising ability of that charity. For the prince to act as though a formal letter of congratulation has no influence, and is not an endorsement, is at best staggeringly naive.

However, when you consider his long standing support for alternative medicine, and his meddling in academic appointments in this field, it is hard not to think that he is a man whose belief in alternative medicine have blinded him to the worst behaviours in that field, such as the delusional attempts to treat AIDS in Africa. The Prince, should he continue to support alternative medicine, should look closely at those he lends his name to. It is not in his interests, or those of the country which he will one day head, to be seen to lend his name and congratulations to the kind of people who see Africans as subjects for their medical fantasies.

NICE & the Cancer Drugs Fund – politics based medicine

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It has been reported that Health Secretary, Andrew Lansley, is to alter the powers of the National Institude for Clincial Excellence (NICE) so that it cannot turn down new medicines for use on the NHS.  NICE was set up to provide an evidence based approach to healthcare advice and take often difficult drug funding decisions so that NHS healthcare is as equal as possible.  According to The Guardian:

The health secretary, Andrew Lansley, believes that Nice, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, should continue to write guidelines for doctors on the best treatments for their patients, but the Guardian understands he will remove its controversial power to ban the use of drugs it considers too expensive for the benefit they offer.

This is a hugely significant change as it could allow influence from patient lobby groups, pharmaceutical companies or newspaper headlines to undermine evidence based treatment decisions.  It is difficult to predict the outcome of any such change directly, especially as scarce detail is available of checks and balances one would assume would play a part.  However, we can look at how politicians use healthcare funds that are independent of NICE as a model to hypothesise about the future.  One such fund is the Cancer Drugs Fund, set up by recently by the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government:

A Cancer Drugs Fund of £200 million a year to help cancer patients get greater access to cancer drugs that their doctors recommend for them was confirmed today by Health Secretary Andrew Lansley.The announcement follows the Coalition Government’s commitment to create a Cancer Drugs Fund to commence from 2011 to help thousands of patients get increased access to innovative new cancer drugs that extend life or improve quality of life. Following the Spending Review, £200 million a year in funding will be available for cancer drugs from April 2011 to the end of 2013.

In addition to this commitment, £50 million has been available since 1 October, until the end of March 2011, with clinically led panels now set up in each region. These panels put doctors in charge of deciding how this funding is spent for their patients locally, together with advice from patients’ cancer specialists.

The government have claimed that this fund will increase cancer survival rates.

we would save 5,000 lives a year. If we were to achieve cancer survival rates at the European best, we would save 10,000 lives a year.

The Department of Health (DoH) were asked ‘if this costing has been assessed by NICE, if not could you indicate if it has been subjected to external scrutiny by another body?‘. The reply:

The Department has not asked the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) or any other external body to assess its costings

However information was provided on the reasoning behind the claim about survival rates:

As background information, we are not suggesting that the £164 million investment will result in a specific number of lives saved. We have said that we will aim to save between 5,000 and 10,000 cancer patients’ lives each year – 5,000 by bringing England in line with the European average and 10,000 by bringing survival rates in England in line with the best in Europe.
Increase detection through a revolutionary new bowel cancer screening technology flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) – a£60 million investment over the next four years to incorporate the latest breakthrough in bowel cancer screening into our existing national programme – saving 3,000 lives a year. A randomised controlled trial funded by Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council and NHS R&D took place in 14 UK centres between 1994 and 2010, and evaluated screening for bowel cancer using a single FS between 55 and 64 years of age, removing small polyps by FS and providing colonoscopy for patients with high risk polyps.

The study reported in The Lancet in April 2010 and concluded that FS is a safe and practical test and, when offered only once between ages 55 and 64 years, confers a substantial and long-lasting benefit. The report showed that men and women attending a one-off FS screening test for bowel cancer can reduce their mortality from the disease by 43% (31% on a population basis) and reduce their incidence of bowel cancer by 33% (23% on a population basis)[1]. Based on these figures, the programme would prevent around 3,000 cancers every year ( FOB testing has never been shown to reduce the incidence of bowel cancer).

The Lancet paper can be found here and its findings are reported accurately by the DoH, however they omitted that the research found that ‘the numbers needed to be screened to prevent one colorectal cancer diagnosis or death, by the end of the study period, were 191 (95% CI 145—277) [for rectum cancer] and 489 (343—852) [for sigmoid colon cancer].‘. To save 3,000 lives ~2,000,000 people would have to be screened. Given that £60m is earmarked for this fund then the approximate costs per person screened would be ~£30. There is no recent data for the costs of the procedure, but a 2003 paper found as follows:

The health service costs of a flexible sigmoidoscopy was estimated at £56. The total costs of screening (including private costs) averaged £82 per person screened, although costs varied by center. The total health service costs of screening and subsequent management averaged approximately £91 per person screened, again with variations between centers.

Perhaps there has been a massive fall in prices since this paper was published, otherwise this money cannot possibly achieve the desired outcome. The private sector cannot be seen as an alternative as it offers the procedure at £650 – £1,075 according to some estimates.

The DoH also claim that they will:

Provide cutting-edge cancer therapies , through our commitment to invest £50 million in additional cancer drugs this year. The Rarer Cancers Foundation has estimated this would benefit over 2,000 cancer patients this year alone. We will also be consulting shortly on our proposals for the Cancer Drugs Fund from April 2011. Rarer cancer report:

http://www.rarercancers.org.uk/news/current/exceptional%20funding%20-%20final.pdf

The Rarer Cancers Foundation (RCF) is a charity set up to

draw together people with rare and less common cancers, thereby giving them a bigger collective voice to exact better services, and enabling them to support one another;
make all health professionals aware of issues related to rarer cancers, such as the often slow diagnosis and the need for successful treatment and symptom control pathways to be shared;
work with the Government, the NHS and Primary Care Trusts/Health Boards to ensure that people with rarer cancers have access to the best possible services across the United Kingdom.

While their report is not peer reviewed it does come from a charity claiming to represent patients who might normally struggle to be heard and it is right that politicians and civil servants pay attention to it. In particular they want the government to pay for more cancer drugs sooner.

Despite our strong support for the commitment in the Coalition’s Programme for Government, we were, however, concerned that the potential benefits the proposed Cancer Drugs Fund would bring to patients would be unnecessarily delayed by a year to April 2011, resulting in thousands more patients being denied the treatments they need. To put the pressing nature of the issue in context, to date NICE has rejected, or announced that it is minded to reject, 10 cancer treatments since the 6 May 2010 alone. A full list of the NICE appraisals published since the General Election is included in Annex 1.
The RCF therefore wrote to the Prime Minister on 19 July 2010 to ask him to bring forward the introduction of the fund.

The Prime Minister did indeed bring forward the introduction of the fund.

The list of drugs cited by the RCF, rejected by NICE, but presumably available to the Cancer Fund are listed below along with their manufacturer.

Sorafenib – Bayer
Lapatanib – GlaxoSmithKline
Trabectedin – Johnson & Johnson
Erlotinib – Roche
Pemetrexed – Eli Lilly & Co
Ofatumumab – Genmab
Imatinib – Novartis
Everolimus – Novartis
Trastuzuma – Roche
Bevacizumab – Roche
Mifamurtide – Takeda

Below are the sources of funding for the RCF from their last accounts.  The careful reader might note that not only is almost all of their funding from drug companies, but that many of those companies manufacture the drugs that the RCF want the government to pay for, against the advice of NICE.

The RCF is undoubtedly a lobby group whose interests align with those of its funders, the pharmaceutical industry.

If the Cancer Drugs Fund is to be used as a model for predicting the impact of the proposed changes to NICE then Lansley’s reforms are problematic.  The fund has not only got its sums wrong, but is swayed by lobbying from pharma funded charities disgruntled at evidence based assessments declining the products of said funders.  I hope that opposition politicians and members of the government committed to evidence based healthcare oppose these plans, the consequences of failing to do so could be disastrous.

The Nobel Prize winner and the unethical autism trial

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Luc Montagnier is a winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2008 for his discovery of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.  Since then his achievements have been more ignoble; he has asserted that nutrition can be used to clear the body of HIV on camera in an interview for a film denying the link between HIV & AIDS and has patented a machine that he claims is capable of detecting radio waves from the DNA of pathogenic bacteria.  This latter invention turns out to have been identical to a machine created by discredited scientist Jacques Benveniste, who believed it could be used to transmit homeopathy down telephone wires.  Montagnier has even claimed that this machine can be used to detect the presence of HIV derived DNA in tissue samples, including in red blood cells, which do not have any DNA.  Montagnier is clearly sincere in these nonsensical beliefs as he presented this research at a meeting of fellow Nobel Prize winners, to incredulous muttering and a minima of polite applause – damning criticism considering the audience.

Now Montagnier is preparing a research project that combines these eccentricities and adds to them extraordinary ethical breaches.

In conjunction with the Autism Treatment Trust (ATT) and the Autism Research Institute (ARI), both of whom support unorthodox and sometimes dangerous treatments for autism, the following research proposal has been advertised:

We are finally in a position to run some very exciting investigations/interventions with the support of Professor Montagnier, Nobel Prize winner for Medicine (for the discovery of HIV) and Dr. C. Skorupka a DAN! practitioner from Paris and long time friend. The project proposes to look at potential bacterial and viral chronic infections in autism. Prof Montagnier is of the view that some abnormalities in autism as well as in a whole range of neurological conditions, such as chronic fatigue and multiple sclerosis may be caused by potential infective agents. These would be difficult to the immune system to track down and would affect cell function thereby contributing to the development of the pathologies. He has developed a new technique that detects, by resonance, the genetic material of these potential infective agents. Additionally, using a very sensitive PCR assay, he can screen for a range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as mycoplasma and borrelia (Lyme disease). He can also look at viruses (PCR assays under development). We are not alone in believing that this approach can help develop our understanding of the causes of autism and enable it to be treated more effectively. The proposed treatment combines a succession of antibiotics with basic biomedical supplements and probiotics. These antibiotics block cell division rather than kill bacteria, thereby avoiding potential side effects. Unfortunately, at the moment, there is no funding available to cover the costs of this project, but we are hoping to use the data collected to help us obtain funding for future research.

We offer your child the opportunity to be part of this project and to access to the Montagnier Infection Screen protocol. There will be medical follow up from Dr. Skorupka. The details of the project are outlined below. The total cost per child is likely to be around £1800, spread over a six-month period (details below). The antibiotic treatment is not included and may cost some £30- £60 a month, depending of the particular antibiotic selected. Every two months each child’s progress will be reviewed by Dr. Skorupka and Dr. Amet at ATT with interim progress reviews carried out by phone.

The project involves 2 blood tests, one at the start and the other after 6 months of treatment. Also integral to the project are a standardised behavioural evaluation (ADOS) and Vineland Test, both at the start and at the end of the project. If you are interested in participating in this project please contact us as soon as possible. We intend to commence testing on the 14th and 15th of September. We will be able to accommodate 12 children at first, but will consider including additional participants if demand is high. Please note that there is absolutely no obligation to continue with the full proposed treatment if your child clearly does not benefit from it, but we recommend at least 3 months of treatment in order for you to evaluate of potential benefits, and of course the treatment will depend on the laboratory findings and clinical evaluation of each child.

Aims of the project:

1- Investigate the possibility that some cases of autism are associated with a range of bacterial infections, based on laboratory testing and clinical examination conducted by Dr. C. Skorupka in Edinburgh.

2- Assess the ASD children for the presence of nanobacteria following Prof Luc Montagnier’s protocol of investigations. The protocol would require a blood draw conducted at the clinic with the help of our nurse. The blood normally has to be centrifugated immediately and the supernatant extracted, then frozen to -80C and shipped on carboice to France.

3- Evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic intervention as well as behavioural evaluations (ATEC and ADOS). This would involve meeting with Dr Skopurpka and Dr. Amet every 2 months and reviewing progress over the phone in the interim month.

4- Report outcomes.

Montagnier believes that his resonance machine can detect the distinguish the DNA of pathogenic bacteria and viruses.  There is no evidence, other than a non-peer reviewed paper Montagnier self published in a journal he edits, that this is possible.  This paper makes  most extraordinary claims that remain unreplicated – a basic requirement for research to be considered worth responding too, much less accepted.  Therefore it would be unwise to consider it real, and mistaken to use it as a basis for a treatment protocol.

However parts of the protocol are rational from basic scientific point of view.  PCR assays can be used to detect bacterial and viral DNA present at low levels and it may be the case that antibiotics that block cell division in bacteria have reduced side effects, if the side effects are caused by the toxic byproducts of bacteria dying.  Arresting their growth would theoretically allow various immune mechanisms to act with greater efficiency.  Unfortunately there is no evidence that bacterial or viral infections have a part to play in the causes of autism.  It is not good practice to base a research protocol on assumptions that are inconsistent with observations.

Perhaps the most fatal flaw is that there appears to be no control group.  There is no means of determining whether this treatment, nonsensical as it may be, has caused changes in a treatment group compared to control.  By design it cannot produce meaningful data.

The most disturbing part of this protocol is not it’s flawed premise, disregard of existing data, the use of implausible technology or even the lack of a control group but that it will cost £1800, plus an additional £180 – £360 for participants.  This suggests an extraordinary disregard for ethics, to charge parents of autistic children, desperate for succesful intervention, large sums of a money to participate in a useless trial  is ethically questionable at best.  This leads to the question, was ethical permission sought for this trial?

Most research trials involving humans are passed through an ethical review process, and in some cases this is a statutory requirement, as the MHRA make clear:

Clinical trials in the UK are regulated by The Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Regulations 2004 (SI 1031) as amended. These regulations implement Directive 2001/20/EC (‘The Clinical Trials Directive’).  According to the Clinical Trials Directive, clinical trials of medicinal products in human subjects requires authorisation by the competent authority (MHRA in the UK) and a favourable opinion by an ethics committee. This authorisation is granted in the form of a clinical trial authorisation (CTA).

The criteria for coming under the authority of the MHRA are laid out in this document below.

This research may need MHRA oversight with respect to the answers to  A.1, B.1, C.1, D.1 & E.1-5.  It is a study involving human patients investigating the use of medical products aimed at treating disease to determine their effects in a non-standard manner.  There is no indication that this research has been approved by the MHRA and attempts to contact the Autism Treatment Trust have been unsuccessful.  If this research should have been overseen by the MHRA and has not then there will be a clear breach of legislation.  This trial, and those who run it, will be breaking  the law.

Luc Montagnier’s eccentricities have led him to a situation where vulnerable people will be exploited and the possibility that criminal acts will be committed.

This is the inevitable end point of quackery.  Staunch believers in unorthodox medical treatments and theories inevitably run foul of acceptable ethics, whether it’s homeopaths in Tanzania or  Nobel Prize winners in Paris.  It doesn’t matter how respectable the person or how prestigious their prize, quackery corrupts the mind and corrodes the reputation.  Their belief in the fundamental correctness of their thinking eventually leads them to actions where the norms of ethics and the rule of law are secondary considerations or no consideration at all.  This is why quackery should be challenged and those who associate with it discouraged.

 

Update

Anthony Cox has also blogged this and has made enquiries to the MHRA.


  1. Biochemistry