Complete Overview of Cancer Nanomedicine Market to Witness High Rate of Growth in Forthcoming Years – Fusion Science Academy

A recent market study published by XploreMR titled Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market: Global Industry Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028 comprises a comprehensive assessment of the most important market dynamics. Growth prospects of the endoscopy fluid management system market are obtained with maximum precision through thorough research on historic as well as current growth parameters. The report features unique and salient factors that are likely to make a huge impact on the development of the endoscopy fluid management system market during the forecast period. A better understanding of these factors can help market players modify their manufacturing and marketing strategies to envisage maximum growth in the endoscopy fluid management system market in the coming years. The report provides detailed information about the current and future growth prospects of the endoscopy fluid management system market in the most comprehensive way for the better understanding of readers.

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

The report commences with an executive summary of the endoscopy fluid management system market report, which includes the summary of key findings and key statistics of the market. It also includes the market value (US$ million) estimates of the leading segments of the endoscopy fluid management system market.

Chapter 2 Market Introduction

Readers can find detailed taxonomy and definitions in this chapter to understand basic information regarding the endoscopy fluid management system market dynamics, supply chain, list of key distributors and suppliers and list of key market participants.

Chapter 3 Market Overview

Readers can find a detailed opportunity analysis on Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market

Chapter 4 Market Overview

Tracking the market scenario, with key inferences drawn from historical data, current trends, and future prospects. This section provides the Macro-Economic Factors for the market

Chapter 5 Market Background

Readers can find various macro-economic factors associated with the growth of the market. This chapter highlights the key market dynamics, which include the drivers, restraints and trends

Chapter 6 Global Economic Outlook

This section shows the Gross Domestic Product by Region & Country from 2006 2021

Chapter 7 Key Inclusions

Get Sample Copy of this report at https://www.xploremr.com/connectus/sample/3047

This section of the report includes regulation and reimbursement scenario associated with the market

Chapter 8 North America Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the anticipated growth in the North America endoscopy fluid management system market along with a country-wise assessment for countries in the region, including the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find information pertaining to the regional trends and regulations prevailing in the North America endoscopy fluid management system market and regional market growth classified on the basis of product type, modality and end user.

Chapter 9 Latin America Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028

Readers can find detailed information regarding factors such as pricing analysis and regional trends that are impacting the growth of the Latin America endoscopy fluid management system market. This chapter also includes the growth prospects of the endoscopy fluid management system market in leading LATAM countries such as Brazil, Mexico and rest of the Latin America region.

Chapter 10 Europe Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028

Important growth prospects of the endoscopy fluid management system market, on the basis of product type, modality and end user in several European countries such as Germany, the U.K., France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Poland & the rest of Europe have been included in this chapter.

Chapter 11 Asia Pacific Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028

China, India, Australia and Japan, being the leading countries in the APEJ region, are the prime subject of assessment in this chapter to obtain the growth prospects of the APEJ endoscopy fluid management system market during the forecast period.

Chapter 12 MEA Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis 20132017 & Opportunity Assessment 20182028

This chapter provides information on how the endoscopy fluid management system market is expected to grow in major countries of the MEA region, such as Saudi Arabia, South Africa, & Egypt, during the period 20182028.

Chapter 13 Forecast Factors: Relevance and Impact

Forecast factors for the estimation of the entire concerned market are also present in this section.

Chapter 14 Forecast Assumptions

Taken assumptions set for the estimation of the entire concerned market are present in this section.

Request Report Methodology at https://www.xploremr.com/connectus/request-methodology/3047

Chapter 15 Market Structure Analysis

This chapter includes the market structure by tier of companies for the electrophysiology ablation market. This chapter also includes the company share analysis for various key players in the market.

Chapter 16 Competition Landscape

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of the leading stakeholders present in the endoscopy fluid management system market along with detailed information about each company, including company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview and recent company developments. Market players featured in the report include Stryker, Olympus Corporation, KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG, Smith & Nephew Plc., Hologic Inc., Richard Wolf GmbH, B. Braun Medical Inc., Cantel Medical Corporation and Medtronic & DePuy Synthes (Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.).

Chapter 17 Global Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis (20132017) & Opportunity Assessment (20182028) by Region

This chapter explains how the endoscopy fluid management system market is expected to grow across various geographic regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), & the Middle East & Africa (MEA).

Chapter 18 Global Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis (20132017) & Opportunity Assessment (20182028) by Product Type

The endoscopy fluid management system market, on the basis of product type, has been segmented into laparoscopy fluid management systems, laparoscopy suction irrigation pumps, hysteroscopy fluid management systems and hysteroscopy pumps. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the endoscopy fluid management system market and a market attractiveness analysis based on the product type.

Chapter 19 Global Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis (20132017) & Opportunity Assessment (20182028) by Modality

On the basis of the modality, the endoscopy fluid management system market has been segmented into floor standing & benchtop. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the endoscopy fluid management system market and a market attractiveness analysis based on the modality.

Chapter 20 Global Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis (20132017) & Opportunity Assessment (20182028) by End User

On the basis of the end user, the endoscopy fluid management system market has been segmented into hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, specialty clinics & diagnostic centers. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the endoscopy fluid management system market and a market attractiveness analysis based on the end user.

Chapter 21 Global Endoscopy Fluid Management System Market Analysis (20132017) & Opportunity Assessment (20182028)

This chapter explains how the endoscopy fluid management system market is expected to grow across the period of 20182028.

Chapter 22 Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provide a base to the information and statistics included in the report.

Chapter 23 Research Methodology

This chapter helps readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions and important qualitative and quantitative information regarding the endoscopy fluid management system market.

Buy Full Report at https://www.xploremr.com/cart/3047/SL

We are a vibrant market research company which is focused on catering to more and more people day by day. Our research company is one of a few reliable market research report companies in todays date.

See original here:
Complete Overview of Cancer Nanomedicine Market to Witness High Rate of Growth in Forthcoming Years - Fusion Science Academy

Most engineered nanoparticles enter tumours through cells not between them, U of T researchers find – News@UofT

University of Toronto researchers have discovered that an active rather than passive process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumours, upending decades of thinking in the field of cancer nanomedicine and pointing toward more effective nanotherapies.

The prevailing theory in cancer nanomedicine an approach that enables more targeted therapies than standard chemotherapy has been that nanoparticles mainly diffuse passively into tumours through tiny gaps between cells in the endothelium, which lines the inner wall of blood vessels that support tumour growth.

The researchers previously showed thatless than one per centof nanoparticle-based drugs typically reach their tumour targets. In the current study, they found that among nanoparticles that do penetrate tumours, more than 95 per cent pass through endothelial cells not between gaps among those cells.

Our work challenges long-held dogma in the field and suggests a completely new theory, saysAbdullah Syed, a co-lead author on the study and post-doctoral researcher in the lab ofWarren Chan, a professor at theInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineeringand theDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research.

We saw many nanoparticles enter the endothelial cells from blood vessels and exit into the tumour in various conditions. Endothelial cells appear to be crucial gatekeepers in the nanoparticle transport process.

The findings were recently published in thejournalNature Materials.

From left to right: U of T researchers Jessica Ngai, Shrey Sindhwani, Abdullah Syed and Benjamin Kingston (photo by Qin Dai)

Syed compares nanoparticles to people trying to get into popular restaurants on a busy night. Some restaurants dont require a reservation, while others have bouncers who check if patrons made reservations, he says. The bouncers are a lot more common than researchers thought, and most places only accept patrons with a reservation.

The researchers established that passive diffusion was not the mechanism of entry with multiple lines of evidence. They took over 400 images of tissue samples from animal modelsand saw few endothelial gaps relative to nanoparticles. They observed the same trend using 3D fluorescent imaging and live-animal imaging.

Similarly, they found few gaps between endothelial cells in samples from human cancer patients.

The group then devised an animal model that completely stopped the transportation of nanoparticles through endothelial cells. This allowed them to isolate the contribution of passive transport via gaps between endothelial cells, which proved to be miniscule.

The researchers posit several active mechanisms by which endothelial cells might transport nanoparticles into tumours, including binding mechanisms, intra-endothelial channels and as-yet undiscovered processes all of which they are investigating.

Meanwhile, the results have major implications for nanoparticle-based therapeutics.

These findings will change the way we think about delivering drugs to tumours using nanoparticles, saysShrey Sindhwani, also a co-lead author on the paper and an MD/PhD student in the Chan lab. A better understanding of the nanoparticle transport phenomenon will help researchers design more effective therapies.

The research included collaborators from U of Ts department of physics in the Faculty of Arts & Science, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory In New York and the University of Ottawa. The study was funded by the Canada Research Chairs Program, Canadian Cancer Society, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadaand the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Continued here:
Most engineered nanoparticles enter tumours through cells not between them, U of T researchers find - News@UofT

Healthcare IT Market trends research and projections – GroundAlerts.com

The consumerization in healthcare information technology has reached a tipping point, the impact of which has been felt across healthcare IT market. The need to ensure comfort and security for patients has brought about a major transformation in the medical sphere, leading to a path-breaking intersection of IT and healthcare. The deployment of IT has equipped the healthcare industry with nanomedicine, virtual healthcare, 3D printing, robot-assisted surgery, and more. These advancements, aided by the investments by the governments worldwide, have brought about a massive change in the healthcare IT industry outlook.

The global healthcare IT market has also gained traction on account of innumerable parameters, prominent among them being, the increasing geriatric populace and the changing consumer lifestyles. Indeed, these have led to a spate of diseases worldwide, consequently surging the demand for a highly sophisticated healthcare IT network in order to lower errors in administration processes and ensure efficient medical data and patient record management.

Request sample copy of this report @ http://decresearch.com/request-sample/detail/232

Consumer expectations have also changed in the last decade or so, leading to healthcare providers focusing on prioritizing efficient management of healthcare data. This has subsequently led to the implementation of innovative technologies in the medical ecosphere, augmenting the revenue graph of the global healthcare IT market. Indeed, estimates claim that healthcare IT industry is expected to exceed $441.8 billion by the year 2025.

While numerous IT solutions are deployed in the healthcare space, one of the most significant ones is that of electronic health records. Undeniably, healthcare IT industry has gained much via rapid adoption of the EHR technology by healthcare specialists in the U.S. and other economies. According to the National Electronic Health Records Survey, 2017, approximately 9 out of 10 office-based physicians had adopted any type of EHR, while certified EHRs were adopted by 4 out of 5 office-based physicians. Since 2008, the rate of EHR adoption has more than doubled from 42 percent to nearly 86 percent in 2017. The accelerated adoption of EHR will thus drive the growth graph of healthcare IT industry from electronic health records. As a matter of fact, estimates claim that EHR-based healthcare IT market size will cross $97.8 billion by 2025.

Request for discount @ http://decresearch.com/request-discount/232

Regionally speaking, it has been forecast that the United States will crop up as a prime growth avenue for the global healthcare IT industry, primarily driven by numerous investments in medical care infrastructure and government mandates. More than half a decade ago, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) had mandated the adoption of information technology by healthcare providers. A substantial growth has also been recorded in terms of investments by the U.S. government in healthcare IT since 2008.

A few years ago, the U.S. government had made an investment of about $20 billion through the HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health) Act, for setting up electronic health records. Aided by numerous government initiatives and the escalating need for an efficient healthcare management system, the U.S. healthcare IT industry is estimated to record substantial revenues by 2025.

Speaking of government initiatives, yet another regional ground touted to garner extensive proceeds in healthcare IT market is the United Kingdom. In December 2018, a new collaboration had been announced between the government and the life sciences industry, backed by a government fund worth 79 million, in order to study 5 million people and develop AI-centric diagnostic tests. Back in 2014, the UK government has also announced an investment of $5.4 billion in healthcare IT for a five-year period. It comes as no surprise therefore, that the UK healthcare IT market, powered by government initiatives, will reach $24.7 billion by the year 2025.

Get In-depth table of contents @ http://decresearch.com/toc/detail/healthcare-it-market

With the increasing prevalence of diseases and the subsequently rising demand for a sophisticated medical infrastructure, healthcare IT market contenders have been working to bring forth a slew of advancements in their service portfolio. For instance, McKesson Corporation has recently collaborated with technology leader Navigating Cancer to provide an enhanced Patient Relationship Management (PRM) platform for oncologists.

IT aided healthcare has come a long way since its inception. With massive changes in the technological landscape, many more innovations have been touted to disrupt the healthcare space. Powered by huge investments and the incorporation of advanced technologies in medical care management, healthcare IT market is expected to chart out a lucrative growth map in the forthcoming years.

Table Of Content

Chapter 1. Methodology

1.1. Methodology

1.2. Market definition

1.3. Forecast parameters

1.4. Data sources

1.4.1. Secondary

1.4.1.1. Paid sources

1.4.1.2. Unpaid sources

1.4.2. Primary

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

2.1. Healthcare information technology industry 3600 synopsis, 2014 - 2025

2.1.1. Business trends

2.1.2. Solution trends

2.1.3. End-use trends

2.1.4. Regional trends

Chapter 3. Healthcare Information Technology Industry Insights

3.1. Industry segmentation

3.2. Industry landscape, 2014 - 2025

3.3. Industry impact forces

3.3.1. Growth drivers

3.3.1.1. Growing investment towards healthcare infrastructure development in Asia Pacific region

3.3.1.2. Growing adoption of artificial intelligence

3.3.1.3. High adoption of electronic health records in developed countries such as the U.S.

3.3.1.4. Favorable government initiatives

3.3.1.5. Increasing demand for cost-saving in healthcare delivery

3.3.2. Industry pitfalls & challenges

3.3.2.1. High cost associated with implementation and maintenance

3.3.2.2. Security and privacy concerns

3.4. Growth potential analysis

3.4.1. By solution

3.4.2. By end-use

3.5. Regulatory landscape

3.5.1. U.S.

3.5.2. Europe

3.5.3. China

3.6. Technology landscape

3.7. Porter's analysis

3.8. Competitive landscape, 2017

3.8.1. Strategy dashboard

3.9. PESTEL analysis

Read the original:
Healthcare IT Market trends research and projections - GroundAlerts.com

Neon Tiger, a vegan cocktail bar set in the year 2048, is coming to King Street this spring – Charleston City Paper

The flickering outline of a roaring tiger stares out from a black screen. The neon orange and pink pulsates, like a power line is fighting to fuel the light. "It's a glitch in the Matrix," says John Adamson of his new vegan cocktail concept Neon Tiger. "It doesn't adhere to the rules of the Matrix."

Adamson explains that his new restaurant will be set in the year 2048 when it opens at 654 King St. (formerly Juliet) in early spring. Less whimsy and more end times, this is the world Adamson believes we will have to grapple with if humans continue to kill, consume, and imprison animals.

The restaurant will be entirely plant-based, with locally sourced booze, no cans or bottles, and as little waste as possible. Prolific Toronoto-based activist and vegan chef Doug McNish serves as Neon Tiger's consultant.

"We have pretty grand plans," says Adamson. Neon Tiger will be a B Corp, an entity that functions as a business while also meeting standards for social responsibility and sustainability. "It's all about education, for me as an activist, you have to play to your strengths and my strength is creating and designing restaurant concepts."

Adamson has a been a vegan for two-and-a-half years. The day he decided to change his way of life, Adamson says he was ready to turn his restaurant, The Rarebit, into a vegan-only eatery. "There would be no greater statement for the movement," he says. But it wasn't practical, so the restaurateur decided to sell his popular King Street joint and put money toward a new venture. Serendipitously, Neon Tiger's landlord is also a vegan.

"Designing those spaces [Rarebit and The Americano] from my head, it's just what I enjoy. This one happens to be more important than any I've ever done."

Adamson is ready for keyboard warriors to attack his animal-free restaurant the outspoken activist is used to getting flack from meat eaters. "The funny thing, well it's not funny, but the interesting thing about veganism is you have so many people who want to fight you on it, but you are fighting for them. Animal liberation is human liberation."

He says his goal since becoming vegan was to "create a space for people to have a cruelty free meal." The response from fellow vegans in the hospitality industry has been great, says Adamson. Turns out there are plenty of front and back of house workers who desire an animal-free work place, but haven't been able to pursue this goal and still keep a roof over their heads.

If you don't buy into the whole "veganism will save the world" thing, that's OK says Adamson. "You only need about 10 or 15 percent of the population think about any movement in history. We're just racing for that 10 percent."

According to a Forbes analysis in 2018 based on a Science mag report, "Since livestock production is the single largest contributor of emissions around the globe (more than planes, trains and cars combined), removing it from out food system could allow the planet to regenerate. Raising animals for food is also the largest contributor to wildlife extinction around the world."

Whether you're a vegan, on the fence, or an adamant consumer of animal products, Adamson hopes you'll check out Neon Tiger. It will be open nightly until 2 a.m. with a "sexy, lounge-y feel" that also happens to be mid apocalypse themed.

"The idea is in 2048 the only tiger youll have will be representations of these animals. It also brings that human element it's like a slight to humanity of course we'd only be left with neon ... It's a responsibility we had that we completely neglected and failed."

Here is the original post:
Neon Tiger, a vegan cocktail bar set in the year 2048, is coming to King Street this spring - Charleston City Paper

What is The Game Changers about? Why everyone is talking about the vegan documentary – RadioTimes

In case you hadnt noticed, theres been a lot of discussion in recent times about veganism, its nutritional benefits and environmental advantages. In this Netflix documentary, several world-famous athletes and bodybuilders have their say

See below for everything you need to know about Netflixs The Game Changers

The documentary follows British UFC fighter James Wilks as he travels around the world to discover the optimal diet for human performance, particularly looking into the benefits of a plant-based diet. Along the way, he interviews scientists, special ops soldiers, action stars and some of the biggest names in sport.

The Game Changers makes some pretty big claims, suggesting that a plant-based diet is actually better for improving performance and strength than eating meat.

Its not one set of dietary guidelines for improving your performance as an athlete, another one for reversing heart disease, reversing diabetes, said Dr Dean Ornish.Its the same for all of them.

The documentary also shows several burly world-class athletes who have achieved astonishing feats which they attribute to a plant-based diet.

When I made the switch to a plant-based diet, I qualified for my third Olympic team, I broke two American records, said weightlifter Kendrick Farris.I was like man, I should have done this a long while ago!

During the film, Wilks discovers that the Roman gladiators were mostly vegetarian, and after taking part in a seven-day vegan challenge New York firefighters find they had apparently reduced cholesterol and blood pressure.

It has also hit the headlines recently as the documentary allegedly convinced the CEO of Greggs to turn vegan, surely guaranteeing that vegan sausage rolls are here to stay (sorry Piers Morgan).

The documentary is available to watch now on Netflix. You can also watch The Game Changers on Amazon.

Appropriately for a documentary about strength, the film features several heavyweight action stars and athletes.

Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jackie Chan, Lewis Hamilton, Novak Djokovic and James Cameron all feature to discuss the ideal diet for peak human strength and performance.

The Game Changes is on Netflix now.

Excerpt from:
What is The Game Changers about? Why everyone is talking about the vegan documentary - RadioTimes

How vegetarianism is going back to its roots in Africa – The Guardian

In the meat-loving capital of Burkina Faso, customers at a small roadside joint eat bean balls, grilled tofu skewers and peanut butter rice while a report about chickens unfit for consumption being dumped on the street airs on the midday news.

A sign above the door proudly welcomes customers: Vegetarian restaurant Nasa. Food for the love of health. In Ouagadougous first plant-based restaurant, there are no knives on the tables.

The place is full of regular customers who greet Christine Tapsoba, the owner, like an old friend. But it wasnt always like this. At the start, it wasnt easy. People thought it was weird, they didnt know how we could make food without using meat, she says. Some days, we could open the restaurant and sell nothing.

In the years since Nasa opened in 2004, her clientele has grown exponentially, drawn in initially by giveaways of her popular barbecued tofu skewers.

Plant-based diets have also spread across the west, with vegan restaurants and products seeing meteoric rises in sales. But global meat consumption is still increasing, with burgeoning urban middle classes across Africa, Asia and Latin America powering the demand.

Across Africa, a growing number of plant-based restaurants are following in Tapsobas footsteps in response to health and environmental challenges. Happy Cow, an app that helps vegetarians and vegans find places to eat around the world, lists more than 900 restaurants with vegan options across Africa. More than half of these were added in the past two years. Thirty fully vegan restaurants have been listed since the start of 2018.

Demand has been way up in most major cities. Its awesome times for those who like to eat plant-based, says Eric Brent, Happy Cows founder. Some of the catalysts have been vegan documentaries, popular YouTubers [including in South Africa], and plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy, he adds.

South Africa has been at the forefront of this push, with veganism booming in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Cities such as Nairobi in Kenya, and Accra in Ghana, today boast a dozen meat-free restaurants. In Dakar, the Senegalese capital, upmarket seaside restaurants are quickly adding salad bowls and aubergine sandwiches to their otherwise meat- and fish-filled menus.

The continent is also at the forefront of some of the challenges veganism hopes to ease. Conditions such as heart disease and cancer have now overtaken infectious diseases such as cholera and measles to become the biggest drain on Africas economies, according to the World Health Organization. Much of the continent is already feeling the effects of the climate crisis a common reason for reducing meat intake as more regular and unpredictable droughts and floods wreak havoc for farmers and regularly claim lives.

Our ancestors didnt eat as much meat. It is through colonisation that we learned these crazy meat-eating practices

Many of its advocates, however, argue that veganism is not a new trend it is simply a return to traditional African diets. I particularly think its important to spread veganism around Africa because it originated in Africa, says Nicola Kagoro, a chef working in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Our ancestors didnt eat as much meat. It is through colonisation that we learned these crazy meat-eating practices. Kagoro founded the African Vegan on a Budget movement to show Africans vegan diets can be affordable and filling. She also cooks for female vegan armed rangers group the Akashinga, who fight elephant poaching in Zimbabwe.

In research on the worlds healthiest diets, published in the Lancet in 2015, west African countries such as Mali, Chad, Senegal and Sierra Leone, which boasted diets rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, topped the list. Ethiopian cuisine relies on plant-based foods such as the sourdough flatbread injera, lentils and beans, and many of the countrys Orthodox Christians take part in regular fasts during which meals are served without any animal products.

Still, the trend is slow to take hold. Its hard to spread the vegan practice around Africa because Africans love their meat, says Kagoro, who is known as Chef Cola. The challenge is because Africans think meat is a form of showing wealth.

With Nasa, Tapsoba helps the few Burkinabe vegetarians of Ouagadougou navigate an often difficult path to a meat-free life. When a vegetarian is here and I am told they struggle to find something to eat, immediately I rise up to help them, she says.

And with patience, free tofu, and a growing awareness of the consequences of meaty diets, she hopes to convince others to join her.

See more here:
How vegetarianism is going back to its roots in Africa - The Guardian

How DeepMind is unlocking the secrets of dopamine and protein folding with AI – VentureBeat

Demis Hassabis founded DeepMind with the goal of unlocking answers to some of the worlds toughest questions by recreating intelligence itself. His ambition remains just that an ambition but Hassabis and colleagues inched closer to realizing it this week with the publication of papers in Natureaddressing two formidable challenges in biomedicine.

The first paper originated from DeepMinds neuroscience team, and it advances the notion that an AI research development might serve as a framework for understanding how the brain learns. The other paper focuses on DeepMinds work with respect to protein folding work which it detailed in December 2018. Both follow on the heels of DeepMinds work in applying AI to the prediction of acute kidney injury, or AKI, and to challenging game environments such as Go, shogi, chess, dozens of Atari games, and Activision Blizzards StarCraft II.

Its exciting to see how our research in [machine learning] can point to a new understanding of the learning mechanisms at play in the brain, said Hassabis. [Separately, understanding] how proteins fold is a long-standing fundamental scientific question that could one day be key to unlocking new treatments for a whole range of diseases from Alzheimers and Parkinsons to cystic fibrosis and Huntingtons where misfolded proteins are believed to play a role.

In the paper on dopamine, teams hailing from DeepMind and Harvard investigated whether the brain represents possible future rewards not as a single average but as a probability distribution a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different outcomes. They found evidence of distributional reinforcement learning in recordings taken from the ventral tegmental area the midbrain structure that governs the release of dopamine to the limbic and cortical areas in mice. The evidence indicates that reward predictions are represented by multiple future outcomes simultaneously and in parallel.

The idea that AI systems mimic human biology isnt new. A study conducted by researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands found that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can predict how the human brain processes sensory information, particularly visual stimuli. But, for the most part, those discoveries have informed machine learning rather than neuroscientific research.

In 2017, DeepMind built an anatomical model of the human brain with an AI algorithm that mimicked the behavior of the prefrontal cortex and a memory network that played the role of the hippocampus, resulting in a system that significantly outperformed most machine learning model architectures. More recently, DeepMind turned its attention to rational machinery, producing synthetic neural networks capable of applying humanlike reasoning skills and logic to problem-solving. And in 2018, DeepMind researchers conducted an experiment suggesting that the prefrontal cortex doesnt rely on synaptic weight changes to learn rule structures, as once thought, but instead uses abstract model-based information directly encoded in dopamine.

Reinforcement learning involves algorithms that learn behaviors using only rewards and punishments as teaching signals. The rewards serve to reinforce whatever behaviors led to their acquisition, more or less.

As the researchers point out, solving a problem requires understanding how current actions result in future rewards. Thats where temporal difference learning (TD) algorithms come in they attempt to predict the immediate reward and their own reward prediction at the next moment in time. When this comes in bearing more information, the algorithms compare the new prediction against what it was expected to be. If the two are different, this temporal difference is used to adjust the old prediction toward the new prediction so that the chain becomes more accurate.

Above: When the future is uncertain, future reward can be represented as a probabilitydistribution. Some possible futures are good (teal), others are bad (red).

Image Credit: DeepMind

Reinforcement learning techniques have been refined over time to bolster the efficiency of training, and one of the recently developed techniques is called distributional reinforcement learning.

The amount of future reward that will result from a particular action is often not a known quantity, but instead involves some randomness. In such situations, a standard TD algorithm learns to predict the future reward that will be received on average, while a distributional reinforcement algorithm predicts the full spectrum of rewards.

Its not unlike how dopamine neurons function in the brains of animals. Some neurons represent reward prediction errors, meaning they fire i.e., send electrical signals upon receiving more or less reward than expected. Its called the reward prediction error theory a reward prediction error is calculated, broadcast to the brain via dopamine signal, and used to drive learning.

Above: Each row of dots corresponds to adopamine cell, and each color corresponds to a different reward size.

Image Credit: DeepMind

Distributional reinforcement learning expands upon the canonical reward prediction error theory of dopamine. It was previously thought that reward predictions were represented only as a single quantity, supporting learning about the mean or average of stochastic (i.e., randomly determined) outcomes, but the work suggests that the brain in fact considers a multiplicity of predictions. In the brain, reinforcement learning is driven by dopamine, said DeepMind research scientist Zeb Kurth-Nelson. What we found in our paper is that each dopamine cell is specially tuned in a way that makes the population of cells exquisitely effective at rewiring those neural networks in a way that hadnt been considered before.

One of the simplest distributional reinforcement algorithms distributional TD assumes that reward-based learning is driven by a reward prediction error that signals the difference between received and anticipated rewards. As opposed to traditional reinforcement learning, however, where the prediction is represented as a single quantity the average over all potential outcomes weighted by their probabilities distributional reinforcement uses several predictions that vary in their degree of optimism about upcoming rewards.

A distributional TD algorithm learns this set of predictions by computing a prediction error describing the difference between consecutive predictions. A collection of predictors within apply different transformations to their respective reward prediction errors, such that some predictors selectively amplify or overweight their reward errors. When the reward prediction error is positive, some predictors learn a more optimistic reward corresponding to a higher part of the distribution, and when the reward prediction is negative, they learn more pessimistic predictions. This results in a diversity of pessimistic or optimistic value estimates that capture the full distribution of rewards.

Above: As a population, dopamine cells encode the shape of the learned reward distribution:We can decode the distribution of rewards from their firing rates. The gray shaded area is the true distribution of rewards encountered in the task.

Image Credit: DeepMind

For the last three decades, our best models of reinforcement learning in AI have focused almost entirely on learning to predict the average future reward. But this doesnt reflect real life, said DeepMind research scientist Will Dabney. [It is in fact possible] to predict the entire distribution of rewarding outcomes moment to moment.

Distributional reinforcement learning is simple in its execution, but its highly effective when used with machine learning systems its able to increase performance by a factor of two or more. Thats perhaps because learning about the distribution of rewards gives the system a more powerful signal for shaping its representation, making it more robust to changes in the environment or a given policy.

The study, then, sought to determine whether the brain uses a form of distributional TD. The team analyzed recordings of dopamine cells in 11 mice that were made while the mice performed a task for which they received stimuli. Five mice were trained on a variable-probability task, while six were trained on a variable-magnitude task. The first group was exposed to one of four randomized odors followed by a squirt of water, an air puff, or nothing. (The first odor signaled a 90% chance of reward, while the second, third, and fourth odors signaled a 50% chance of reward, 10% chance of reward, and 90% chance of reward, respectively.)

Dopamine cells change their firing rate to indicate a prediction error, meaning there should be zero prediction error when a reward is received thats the exact size a cell predicted. With that in mind, the researchers determined the reversal point for each cell the reward size for which a dopamine cell didnt change its firing rate and compared them to see if there were any differences.

They found that some cells predicted large amounts of reward, while others predicted little reward, far beyond the differences that might be expected from variability. They again saw diversity after measuring the degree to which the different cells exhibited amplifications of positive versus negative expectations. And they observed that the same cells that amplified their positive prediction errors had higher reversal point, indicating they were tuned to expect higher reward volumes.

Above: Complex 3D shapes emerge from a string of amino acids.

Image Credit: DeepMind

In a final experiment, the researchers attempted to decode the reward distribution from the firing rates of the dopamine cells. They report success: By performing inference, they managed to reconstruct a distribution that was a match to the actual distribution of rewards in the task in which the mice were engaged.

As the work examines ideas that originated within AI, its tempting to focus on the flow of ideas from AI to neuroscience. However, we think the results are equally important for AI, said DeepMind director of neuroscience research Matt Botvinick. When were able to demonstrate that the brain employs algorithms like those we are using in our AI work, it bolsters our confidence that those algorithms will be useful in the long run that they will scale well to complex real-world problems and interface well with other computational processes. Theres a kind of validation involved: If the brain is doing it, its probably a good idea.

The second of the two papers details DeepMinds work in the area of protein folding, which began over two years ago. As the researchers note, the ability to predict a proteins shape is fundamental to understanding how it performs its function in the body. This has implications beyond health and could help with a number of social challenges, like managing pollutants and breaking down waste.

The recipe for proteins large molecules consisting of amino acids that are the fundamental building block of tissues, muscles, hair, enzymes, antibodies, and other essential parts of living organisms are encoded in DNA. Its these genetic definitions that circumscribe their three-dimensional structure, which in turn determines their capabilities. Antibody proteins are shaped like a Y, for example, enabling them to latch onto viruses and bacteria, while collagen proteins are shaped like cords, which transmit tension between cartilage, bones, skin, and ligaments.

But protein folding, which occurs in milliseconds, is notoriously difficult to determine from a corresponding genetic sequence alone. DNA contains only information about chains of amino acid residues and not those chains final form. In fact, scientists estimate that because of the incalculable number of interactions between the amino acids, it would take longer than 13.8 billion years to figure out all the possible configurations of a typical protein before identifying the right structure (an observation known as Levinthals paradox).

Thats why instead of relying on conventional methods to predict protein structure, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cryogenic electron microscopy, the DeepMind team pioneered a machine learning system dubbed AlphaFold. It predicts the distance between every pair of amino acids and the twisting angles between the connecting chemical bonds, which it combines into a score. A separate optimization step refines the score through gradient descent (a mathematical method of improving the structure to better match the predictions), using all distances in aggregate to estimate how close the proposed structure is to the right answer.

The most successful protein folding prediction approaches thus far have leveraged whats known as fragment assembly, where a structure is created through a sampling process that minimizes a statistical potential derived from structures in the Protein Data Bank. (As its name implies, the Protein Data Bank is an open source repository of information about the 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other complex assemblies.) In fragment assembly, a structure hypothesis is modified repeatedly, typically by changing the shape of a short section while retaining changes that lower the potential, ultimately leading to low potential structures.

With AlphaFold, DeepMinds research team focused on the problem of modeling target shapes from scratch without drawing on solved proteins as templates. Using the aforementioned scoring functions, they searched the protein landscape to find structures that matched their predictions and replaced pieces of the protein structure with new protein fragments. They also trained a generative system to invent new fragments, which they used along with gradient descent optimization to improve the score of the structure.

The models trained on structures extracted from the Protein Data Bank across 31,247 domains, which were split into train and test sets comprising 29,427 and 1,820 proteins, respectively. (The results in the paper reflect a test subset containing 377 domains.) Training was split across eight graphics cards, and it took about five days to complete 600,000 steps.

The fully trained networks predicted the distance of every pair of amino acids from the genetic sequences it took as its input. A sequence with 900 amino acids translated to about 400,000 predictions.

Above: The top figure features the distance matrices for three proteins, where the brightness of each pixel represents the distance between the amino acids in the sequence comprising the protein. The bottom row shows the average of AlphaFolds predicted distancedistributions.

Image Credit: DeepMind

AlphaFold participated in the December 2018 Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction competition (CASP13), a competition that has been held every every two years since 1994 and offers groups an opportunity to test and validate their protein folding methods. Predictions are assessed on protein structures that have been solved experimentally but whose structures have not been published, demonstrating whether methods generalize to new proteins.

AlphaFold won the 2018 CASP13 by predicting the most accurate structure for 24 out of 43 proteins. DeepMind contributed five submissions chosen from eight structures produced by three different variations of the system, all of which used potentials based on the AI model distance predictions, and some of which tapped structures generated by the gradient descent system. DeepMind reports that AlphaFold performed particularly well in the free modeling category, creating models where no similar template exists. In point of fact, it achieved a summed z-score a measure of how well systems perform against the average of 52.8 in this category, ahead of 36.6 for the next-best model.

The 3D structure of a protein is probably the single most useful piece of information scientists can obtain to help understand what the protein does and how it works in cells, wrote head of the UCL bioinformatics group David Jones, who advised the DeepMind team on parts of the project. Experimental techniques to determine protein structures are time-consuming and expensive, so theres a huge demand for better computer algorithms to calculate the structures of proteins directly from the gene sequences which encode them, and DeepMinds work on applying AI to this long-standing problem in molecular biology is a definite advance. One eventual goal will be to determine accurate structures for every human protein, which could ultimately lead to new discoveries in molecular medicine.

Read the original post:
How DeepMind is unlocking the secrets of dopamine and protein folding with AI - VentureBeat

Gocycle to partner with nutrition brand Fuel10k to promote benefits of e-bikes – Bike Biz

Gocycle is set to partner with protein breakfast brand Fuel10k to increase awareness of how e-bikes can help more people to lead an active lifestyle.

Fuel10k will give away five fast-folding Gocycle GX electric bikes as part of its biggest-ever on-pack promotion between January and April.

The GX will feature on three million of the brands high-protein breakfast drinks and porridge pots in outlets nationwide.

Richard Thorpe, Gocycle designer and founder, said: We are really excited about the opportunity to spread the message of the enormous health benefits of e-bikes to millions of people across the UK. E-bikes are the perfect travel solution for people who want to lead a more active and sustainable lifestyle and above all they are fun!

This partnership is all about fuelling more people to lead a more active lifestyle in the long-term. E-bikes are a great way to get back out onto two wheels. Having the electrical assistance on tap removes many of the daunting elements of cycling and encourages more people to cycle more of the time which can only be a good thing.

Individuals can enter the competition by purchasing a Fuel10k breakfast drink or porridge pot that features a Gocycle on the packaging. They will be presented with a unique code which they can enter on Fuel10ks competition site to be in with a chance of winning a fast-folding Gocycle GX and other prizes such as sports T-shirts, water bottles or discount codes.

Scott Chassels, Fuel10k managing director, added: We are an increasingly time-poor society and everyone seems to be busier than ever, but that shouldnt be at the detriment of our health. Fuel10k exists to give people a better for you, protein-based, breakfast on-the-go, which helps them to maximise the precious little time they have in the morning and fuel their active day ahead.

We are really excited by this partnership as e-bikes can really enhance the lifestyles of busy people by helping them to have a healthier, more sustainable and speedier commute.

The fast-folding Gocycle GX is available to order now online and through select resellers throughout US, Canada, UK, and EU.

Read more:
Gocycle to partner with nutrition brand Fuel10k to promote benefits of e-bikes - Bike Biz

The Importance of Understanding TargetProtein Interactions in Drug Discovery – Technology Networks

Youre unwell, you see a doctor, they prescribe you a medicine and you take it. But how exactly is that drug having an effect? What is its mechanism of action? Drugs exhibit their effects through specific protein-target interactions.

But in some cases, there may not be a treatment available. In approximately 30% of cases, drugs fail during clinical development, and toxicity which can be caused by off-target binding is often to blame.

Andrew Lynn, Chief Executive Officer at Fluidic Analytics discusses why understanding proteintarget interactions is so important, the common challenges researchers face when attempting to determine these interactions, and touches on the relationship between the drug "attrition rate" crisis and the off-target effects of drugs.

Laura Lansdowne (LL): Could you discuss the importance of understanding proteintarget interactions in drug discovery, and the implications of not knowing your target?Andrew Lynn (AL): Understanding proteintarget interactions is crucial we are talking about the difference between finding a lifesaving drug/therapy and wasting hundreds of millions of dollars developing a drug with the wrong mechanism of action.A recent paper from Jason Sheltzers group showed that ten anticancer drugs undergoing clinical trials had a completely different mechanism of action from the one originally attributed to them. Briefly, when the protein targeted by each of the drugs was removed from cancer cells, the group expected the drugs to stop working. But what they found was that the drugs continued to work as normal and thus had to be working through off-target binding.This is crucial because it means potentially there are many more drugs out there that are working through off-target binding; it also means that many other drug candidates that have previously been disregarded may have unrecognized promise. This problem is about to become even more acute as research expands into conditions with difficult targets like Alzheimer's disease.The way in which we discover the exact mechanism of action between proteins and potential drug candidates needs better technologies for characterizing on-target and off-target interactions We cannot discover new information relying solely on technologies that have fallen short for decades.LL: What challenges do drug discovery researchers face when trying to identify targetprotein interactions?AL: Drug discovery and development is a lengthy, complex and costly process with a high degree of uncertainty whether a drug will succeed. The two biggest challenges are: First, not understanding the pathophysiology of many disorders, such as neurodegenerative disorders, which makes target identification challenging. Second, the lack of validated diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers to objectively detect and measure biological states.At the heart of both challenges is the ability to characterize protein-drug target interactions. Unfortunately, the methods currently employed by researchers to do this research are outdated.

An example of this can be seen when scientists try to characterize interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) such as the ones associated with Parkinsons disease. Current characterization methods modify proteins by fixing them to a surface or putting them in artificial environments. So, its no surprise that many drugs are great at targeting proteins with these modifications but poor at targeting these same proteins as they exist in vivo in solution and not tethered to an artificial surface.

This is why were building new tools and methods for researchers to more accurately characterize binding events in solution: to better understand how drugs interact with their protein targets in their native environment.

LL: What is microfluidic diffusional sizing and how can this be used to measure the binding affinity of proteinprotein interactions?AL: Microfluidic diffusional sizing (MDS) characterizes proteins and their interactions in solution based on the size (or more specifically hydrodynamic radius) of proteins and protein complexes as they diffuse within a microfluidic laminar flow. Characterizing in solution avoids artefacts from surfaces or matrices; gathering information about size to give crucial insights into stoichiometry, on- and off-target binding, oligomerization and folding.

MDS can be used to measure binding affinity by tracking changes in the size of a protein as it binds at different concentrations. The size of the complex can also give a strong indication of whether the protein is forming a protein-target complex at the expected size (on-target binding) or something with a completely different or unexpected size (off-target binding). A major additional advantage of MDS is that, because of the absence of surfaces or matrices, it can be used to characterize binding involving difficult targets such as intrinsically disordered proteins and membrane proteins.

LL: Could you discuss the relationship between the drug "attrition rate" crisis and the off-target effects of drugs?AL: Compound failure rates due to toxicity before human testing is very high. A recent review from a top-20 pharma company cited toxicity as the reason why, between 2005-2010, 82% of drugs were rejected at the preclinical stage and 35% in phase 2a. Overall, concerns surrounding toxicity account for as much as 30% of drug attrition occurring during the clinical stage of development.For many potential drugs, toxicity is due to off-target binding. By employing new methods to characterize drug candidates binding to protein targets in native conditions, we can identify off-target binding more effectively. This could help save billions of dollars in development costs and reduce the attrition rate we are currently facing.

LL: There has currently been very limited success in the development of effective therapies for Alzheimers disease (AD). Could you touch on some of the successes and highlight the molecules of interest in AD as well as the challenges related to their study.AL: One recent success is the anti-amyloid drug, aducanumab. After Biogen re-examined the data from the clinical trials, they found that exposure to high doses of Aducanumab reduced clinical decline in patients exhibiting early stages of Alzheimers disease.If approved, aducanumab would become the first therapy to slow the cognitive decline that accompanies Alzheimer's disease. This a massive step forward and a much-needed source of hope for patients and their families.But aducanumab doesnt cure Alzheimers disease. A major challenge impeding the development of further AD drugs is the ability to understand the mechanism of action via which candidate drugs interact with targets. Amyloid- is known to be a particularly difficult-to-characterize peptide, and even aducanumab doesnt have a well-understood mechanism of action. Any breakthroughs in being able to characterize how it or other Alzheimers disease drugs interact with difficult targets would be a major breakthrough in drug development.However, the majority of Alzheimers patients do not carry the dominantly inherited genetic mutation for the disease, and we dont know why amyloid proteins aggregate within their brains.

It follows that there wont be a single cause but rather many causes. Thus, the common consensus is that there wont be a single miracle drug that cures Alzheimers disease for everyone.

Andrew Lynn was speaking with Laura Elizabeth Lansdowne, Senior Science Writer, Technology Networks.

See more here:
The Importance of Understanding TargetProtein Interactions in Drug Discovery - Technology Networks

How Much Does it Really Cost to Be a Vegan? – VEGWORLD Magazine

A vegan lifestyle has a reputation for being expensive, but thanks to Joybirds research, the cost of following a vegan diet doesn't have to break the bank.

The Cost of a Vegan Diet vs a Non-Vegan Diet

Health and wellness are often the first things that come to mind when you hear the word resolution, especially this time of year. The Joybird team spent time exploring some of the most popular trends in diet and exercise, including the potential benefits of a vegan diet, in which a person does not consume any animal products (a.k.a. No dairy, eggs, meat, etc.). However, veganism has a reputation for being expensive, and people are often discouraged by the potential price before they even give it a shot. So, Joybird shares their exploration of how much more expensive a vegan diet is versus a non-vegan diet.

The Research

The Joybird team collected prices from local online groceries in every state to find the average cost of 10 common food items that appear on weekly grocery lists outside of produce, along with their vegan substitutes. They compared the total average cost for the 10 non-vegan and comparable vegan items to calculate the cost difference between the two grocery lists in each state. They even included items that would need a substitute, so produce wasnt included in the study.

The non-vegan items in the study include Greek yogurt, ground beef patties, shredded mozzarella cheese, ice cream, spreadable butter, chicken nuggets, coffee creamer, turkey slices, whole milk, and Italian sausage. The vegan items include dairy-free yogurt, meat-free burger patties, dairy-free shredded mozzarella cheese, non-dairy ice cream, buttery spread, meat-free chicken nuggets, almond milk coffee creamer, veggie turkey slices, almond milk, and tofurkey Italian sausage.

The prices come from Walmart groceries in up to 10 zip codes in each state, in both urban and rural areas in each state. The numbers reflect prices only, taken from the retailers, and do not include any additional taxes or fees that may be incurred. Pricing data was, unfortunately, unavailable for Hawaii.

What They Found

The national average difference between the vegan and non-vegan food items came in at $12.02. 22 states difference fell above the national average, with the rest falling below.

The state with the largest cost difference between the vegan and non-vegan items is Alaska with an average difference of $14.84. The next four states with the largest difference in cost are Arkansas ($14.53), Arizona ($14.31), Michigan ($13.57), and Wyoming ($13.23).

The state with the smallest cost difference between the vegan and non-vegan items is Louisiana with an average difference of $9.82. The next four states with the smallest difference in cost are Massachusetts ($10.52), Nevada ($10.60), New Hampshire ($10.66), and California ($10.68). It was most surprising to see a state like California in the bottom 5 since theyre often known for higher than average prices, but its likely that they have a larger vegan population, so they need to cater to that accordingly.

The Joybird team also compared the average cost difference in each U.S. region. The Northeast has the smallest difference in price in vegan and non-vegan items with an average of $11.41. The Midwest and the West tied for the most expensive, with a difference of $12.26, which is still only slightly higher than the national average.

You can see the details of how your states average costs for non-vegan and vegan food items compare to the rest of the country in the chart below.

Conclusion

Overall, there ended up being no great difference in cost between the non-vegan and vegan food items, showing you dont have to break the bank to adopt a healthier eating plan!

Whether you choose to try out a vegan or vegetarian diet in the New Year or opt for a meat-friendly meal plan instead, your food choices should be a reflection of who you are and what you believe in.

Thank you @Joybird for contributing this article! Find the source here: https://joybird.com/blog/cost-to-be-a-vegan/

Read more:
How Much Does it Really Cost to Be a Vegan? - VEGWORLD Magazine

Boris Johnson says veganism is a crime against cheese-lovers – Vegan Food and Living

When asked by interviewer Dan Walker if he would be taking part, he said: No, Im not, no Im not. I had thought of it but it requires so much concentration.

While Johnson tipped his hat off to vegans who can handle it, who can manage to avoid non-vegan products, he added that eating vegan was a crime against cheese lovers.

Walker asked the prime minister whether it was because he would miss bacon sandwiches, to which he replied: The whole lot.

I mean, you cant eat cheese, can you, if youre a vegan? Johnson asked.

The Prime Ministers comments have caused a stir on social media with one user saying: Boris Johnson says he considered going vegan for January but decided against it because it requires so much concentration. (Just a reminder that hes the Prime Minister!).

Johnson has also been mocked for his pronunciation of the word vegan, which he sometimes said as vee-gan, that saw users flock online to share their thoughts.

One user said: The way Boris Johnson says Vegan makes me giggle. Vee-gan like an alien species, whilst another agreed adding: Whats a Vee Gan @BorisJohnson? The vegan part of Veganuarys portmanteau isnt pronounced like that!

The Vee Gan race were at space war with the Klingons deep in the fifth star quadrant.

Veganuary has hit back at his statements to say that vegans can definitely still enjoy cheese, with plenty of vegan options available on the market today.

The idea that trying vegan means depriving yourself of cheesy foods is outdated and untrue, refutes Toni Vernelli, Veganuarys International Head of Communications.

Vegan-friendly cheeses are available in every grocery store and you can now even upgrade to vegan cheese at Papa Johns and Pizza Hut. There are really no more excuses.

See the original post here:
Boris Johnson says veganism is a crime against cheese-lovers - Vegan Food and Living

Part-time veganism: the fewer animal products I ate, the less I wanted them – The Guardian

Its 2020. We all know the world is melting and we need to do everything we can to help the environment. I already walk everywhere, try to grow my own vegetables, eat seasonally, shop local, try to have zero food waste, have a worm farm, compost, host a beehive, bring my own bag and refuse to use takeaway cups, but for some reason I never switched to a plant-based diet.

I know that it is the easiest thing you can do to stop putting stress on the world from an agricultural and an ethical standpoint with an obvious side effect of overall carbon emission reduction.

But it is hard. For me, it is hard because I write about food for a living. I write about restaurants and bars and aside from the obvious need to eat butter, cheese, meat and other non-plant-based things while reviewing, alcohol isnt plant-based either. You know the reason why your Campari is red? Beetle shells. That wine youre drinking? Its been fined and filtered with eggshells and fish products. And though some people might, a food critic cannot subsist on vodka and unfined, unfiltered wine alone.

But thats no excuse. There are 21 meals in one week and for me only three are reviews. I also know the contents of my fridge (butter, eggs, stock, yoghurt, congee) and I need to be realistic about how drastically I can change my diet. So three months ago I decided that for three days a week nine meals I would eat vegan.

I thought that just because I dont drink milk or eat meat at every meal, I was pretty good already. I was wrong. I am that asshole who does all her meal prep at the weekend so I have at least five days of breakfasts, lunches and bases in the fridge. I had no idea how heavily I relied on eggs for breakfast, how much butter I consumed and how much I relied on stock-based meals until I stopped cooking them.

Since the environment was my primary motivation for adopting a partial vegan diet, I set myself some rules.

1. No processed foods. This meant no fake cheese, spreads, mock meat or any of that factory-made food that requires a lot of energy to produce. The most processed food I allowed myself was tofu.

2 No grains that have been unethically sourced. Im looking at you quinoa. When we went through the big quinoa boom, production ravaged Bolivia. Also food miles. The only quinoa Id be eating had to be locally grown. Cheap? No, but what is the cost of starving a nation?

3. No alt-milks. I dont drink milk but I have some huge problems with industries that take a product that requires tonnes of water to produce, milk it, and then ditch the actual product at the end, creating a food waste. The boom of this category is also a huge bee killer, and no bees mean no food, means no life.

4. No produce out of season. I eat like this already because its better for the environment, not just in terms of farming, but it also reduces my carbon footprint. Its a no-brainer and generally cheaper because there is always a surplus of in-season produce.

Thankfully meal-prepping legume-based dishes like soups, curries and salads takes no time, and any excuse to incorporate more colour and variety of vegetables into my diet is a good thing.

I found myself getting out of my go-to prep or clean-out-the-fridge dishes and making foods I never would have otherwise attempted at home, like dosa (for you sandwich press chefs out there, the batter also cooks very well in a toastie machine and doesnt stink out the office) and finding more creative ways to eat whole grains, tofu and legumes.

Surprisingly, as I cut animal products out of my diet, I found that I wanted them less and less. My three days of plant-based eating slowly became four, then five, and then I found myself eating like a regular person only when I went out with friends or for work.

From an athletic perspective, despite training intensely six days a week, my energy levels and strength did not change. As for my weekly food spend, my grocery bill was halved although if I bought packaged, processed foodsthat wouldnt be the case.

As for the negatives, there are only a few and they barely qualify as negatives. One is a personal preference: I am not a fan of tempeh. No matter how you marinate it, fry it or deep fry it, we will never be friends.

The second negative is that nothing will prepare you for the wind. Im talking about your own, your partners and the fact that you will be holding in a lot of gas so you arent ostracised from society. After a week or two of adjusting, your body gets used to all the starches fermenting in your guts, but you need to hang in there and cross that threshold.

And finally, even though you havent told them youve switched to eating a mostly plant-based diet, people will have very long-winded opinions about it, and they will feel it is imperative that you listen. How very tiresome.

As for the experiment, it has now become a lifestyle choice where most of my meals are vegan. There is nothing unhealthy or destructive about eating more whole-food, plant-based meals. After all, as the sociocultural writer Michael Pollan says: Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants. And whether it is for the sake of the planet or your own body, he is right.

Continue reading here:
Part-time veganism: the fewer animal products I ate, the less I wanted them - The Guardian

This Is The Real Reason Colleges Are Going Vegan – Forbes

New Haven, and Jovan Bloise, student ambassador for Sodexo at The University of New Haven. They are part of a trend of college campuses going vegan.

Sodexo

Like a lot of her classmates, Kirsten Gersbeck prefers a plant-based diet. But until recently, the sophomore at the University of New Haven had few vegan options on campus.

For me, I see it as a healthy food option so when its available, I choose to eat it, says Gersbeck, a criminal justice major.

But then Jovan Bloise, a liaison between the students and the universitys food service provider, Sodexo, got involved and helped persuade the college to go vegan.

I was hearing that we didnt have a lot of options for people who follow a vegan diet, he said. Students said they felt like an afterthought and not a main priority.

The University of New Haven is at the vanguard of a national trend. The latest PETA Vegan Report Card, which grades schools on plant-based dining options, found the number of vegan-friendly college campuses is at an all-time high. The number of schools that earned an A or B grade peaked at 709, compared to just 189 when the report card debuted in 2013, according to the organization.

Standouts on PETAs Deans List include MIT, the University of Florida, and the University of Colorado Denver. The animal rights organization lauded those colleges for offering diverse entrees such as vegan ravioli, mac and cheese, and waffles.

The increasing trend in plant-based foods can be seen in restaurants and food markets across the country, says Sara Patton, a clinical dietician at the Deborah Heart and Lung Center. Some of the biggest drivers for this trend include health, environmental and ethical concerns. Plant-based diets have been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes, cancer, heart disease and obesity.

College students have their own reasons for adopting a vegan diet, from health concerns to recent news about the benefits of a plant-based diet. Sodexo and the University of New Haven, for example, conducted a comprehensive review of their menu before adding more plant-based food choices. But there are challenges and rewards ahead.

New Haven. Colleges are going vegan and the campus is part of a national trend.

Sodexo

Why college students are going vegan

Veganism is on the rise in the general population. The number of American consumers identifying as vegan grew from 1% to 6% between 2014 and 2017, according to GlobalData. Thats a 600% increase. A quarter of Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 say they are vegans or vegetarians according to The Economist, which declared 2019 the year of the vegan.

Theres an unprecedented level of awareness around both the ethical and environmental implications of our dietary choices, says Esther Ardagh-Ptolomey, founder of Kindred Traveller, a business specializing in vegan and ethical travel.

Recent documentaries such as Game Changers, have also changed perceptions of the plant-based diet, particularly among college students.

Theyve challenged the stereotype of vegans as hemp wearing, tree-hugging hippies, instead representing the wide demographic veganism encompasses, she adds.

campus is one of hundreds in the United States that are going vegan.

Sodexo

How Sodexo helped one college go vegan

Bloise approached Sodexo about redoing its menu. It already offered vegan lunch options for one of its cafeteria stations. The choices, which rotate daily, rotate daily, range from Indian-style curries and Asian stir-frys to Mexican and Caribbean style dishes. Students could choose from a selection of plant-based meat alternatives, including seitan crumbles, tofu, beans, and legumes.

But going vegan at the university meant a full rethink of the menus. It started with breakfast, where Bloise asked Sodexo to offer omelettes made with an egg substitute.

We also added vegan bacon and sausages so vegans could have a hot, old fashioned breakfast, he says.

Sodexo also added vegan mayo and vegan cheeses to its lunch lineup, allowing students to make fully vegan sandwiches. Vegan cookie dough found its way on the dessert menu. And, of course, there were vegan chicken nuggets.

The vegans were really pleased with our changes, says Bloise, who became a vegan himself during the project . They thanked us for going above and beyond to make sure they felt heard and attended to like everyone else.

Gersbeck noticed the changes immediately. The vegan chicken nuggets were a standout.

They are definitely a fan favorite. Even people who arent vegan like them, she said.

colleges are going vegan in response to demand by students.

Getty

Students see a positive impact of a plant-based diet

Gersbeck is in good company. Bree Sheree became a vegan two years ago while she was a college student. Shed been inspired by documentaries like What the Health and Forks Over Knives, and she saw veganism as a way to improve her health. But at college, the only options for her were the salad bar an easy but boring choice with little protein.

I ended up feeling better and was able to drop 10 pounds in 3 months, she recalls. It was difficult to adjust to new foods at first, but over time my taste buds adjusted and I cant see myself ever going back to eating animal products.

Sheree also started a food blog called Brees Vegan Life, which publishes plant-based recipes.

I now see the positive impact being vegan can make on the environment, and I also consider the lives of animals. I realized that I can eat everything I want and need without causing harm to any sentient beings, she adds.

Its not as easy as it looks

At some schools, keeping a strict plant-based diet can be difficult, if not impossible. Many colleges still have traditional animal-based food offerings. And high schools are practically vegan food deserts.

At least thats the impression of Laurice Wardini, a 21-year-old writer who has been a vegan for the last three years. Shed wanted to become a vegan at 16, but found it difficult because she was surrounded by omnivores.

Her college offered few choices, she adds.

There werent many options at all, she says. It was even worse when I had tried to go vegan in high school. I absolutely think there needs to be more vegetarian and vegan options in schools.

going vegan good for customer service?

Getty

Vegan food is good customer service and more

It turns out that adding more plant-based meals makes sense at least from a customer service perspective. A recent Nielsen study found that 39% of Americans are actively trying to eat more plant-based foods. But theyre not going for traditional plant-based options like tofu or rice. Innovation is booming in the plant-based food space, with an array of alternatives. (Did you catch the vegan pork announcement at CES this week?)

And you cant just cart in a tray of brown rice. It has to be carefully planned and implemented. A lot like what happened at the University of New Haven.

Bloise, the culinary liaison, says he didnt realize the significance of creating more vegan food choices until the University of New Haven recognized his efforts. But the best part about his college going vegan was the reaction from students, he says.

They would stop me in the halls to thank me, he says. They said Id showed them things that they never knew about being vegan.

Serving your customers plant-based foods may have other benefits beyond happier customers. If a vegan diet improves their health, then theyll be there for you in the future. And for companies and colleges that could leave a lasting legacy.

Read the rest here:
This Is The Real Reason Colleges Are Going Vegan - Forbes

I Quit Veganism And It Saved My Life – MadameNoire

Source: svetikd / Getty

I was a vegan for three years and some change. I read this book about how our bodies were not made to consume any animal productsabout how dairy was causing me to be constipated and causing mucus buildup, eggs were something my body literally rejected, and meat rotted inside of our intestinesand I was hooked on veganism. I also didnt mind the drastic weight loss I experienced when I first became a vegan (it was really just because I didnt know what to eat, so my refrigerator wasnt stocked enough). I thought Id be a vegan for life. I was certain there was no going back for me.

Today, Im a full dairy-eating, meat-consuming, egg-gobbling individual. Veganism, it turned out, almost killed me. Im sorry if thats hard for some people to hear, but it did. I confirmed this was my physician. A vegan diet was so lacking in important nutrients, that my blood tests came back nearly toxic. That explained the insane headaches, muscle pains, fatigue, and depression Id been experiencing.

I understand veganism has its merits. Im not blind to the ethical and health reasons behind it. I mean hi, hello, I was a vegan for three years. I did see the light on many of the reasons people stop eating animal products. It was not easy for me to just flip a switch and stop being a vegan. I put a lot of thought into it, and I had to ease my body back into animal products slowly. But I did ultimately decide, without a doubt, that it was the right choice for me. I think everyone should be able to decide whats best for their body. We seem to accept that surrounding things like birth control and abortion, so why not diet? Heres why I stopped being a vegan, and how it saved my life.

Source: mixetto / Getty

B12, zinc, proteinthese are all nutrients that can be hard to get on a vegan diet. B12 exclusively exists in animal productsat least in a natural way. You can buy vegan products fortified with the stuff, but even then, they wouldnt have naturally contained it. It had to be added. Zinc is another food thats tough to find in plant-based foods. It exists in them, but you must eat massive quantities of the stuff to get enough zinc.

Source: Moyo Studio / Getty

Migraines. Depression. Bruising easily. Three to four colds a year. Fatigue (sleeping 14 hours a day, and still tired). Being low on these important nutrients destroyed my body. I had blood work done, and my doctor told me that had my B12 levels dropped any lower, I would have had to be hospitalized. My blood was nearly toxic. P.S. if youre wondering if youre low on B12, there are signs.

Source: Towfiqu Photography / Getty

You may say, So, just take supplements. Supplements are a great thingno doubt. But I did get to thinking: shouldnt my diet provide me with the supplements that I need? If the foods I am choosing leave me so deficient in vitamins that, if I dont take the artificial stuff (aka supplements) Ill die, perhaps thats a sign that that diet isnt meant for my body.

Source: Granger Wootz / Getty

I know what some may say here: that a diet full of animal products can still leave a body slightly deficient in nutrients, and even non-vegans need to take some vitamins. Yupthats absolutely true. But the nutrient deficiency caused by a meat-eating diet is minimal. The consequences of not taking vitamins, while eating meat products, are puny compared to the consequences of not taking vitamins on a vegan diet.

Source: mixetto / Getty

Its right in the name: supplements. That means that they should give your nutrient profile a little boost, but they shouldnt be your entire nutrient profile. Your food should do most of that work. Lets put it this way: vitamins are to an omnivore diet as the cherry on top is to a cake. On a vegan diet, the supplements are the whole cake and youre screwed without them.

Source: Moyo Studio / Getty

I didnt want to rely on vitamins and supplements in order to just function. I did try staying a vegan and taking supplements, and the supplements helped a lot! They really did. But if I forgot to take my B12 for three days, migraines and fatigue would come back. If I forgot to take my zinc for a few weeks, Id get a cold. I didnt like being so reliant on something (supplements) created in a lab. What would happen if I went on a multi-week trip and didnt have access to a place to buy said supplements?

Source: LauriPatterson / Getty

Look, this isnt a pretty thought. Its not. I understand that. But heres the thing about me not eating animals, so the animals can live: I was dying. My body was falling apart so that I could theoretically save animals. If you really want to get macro about it and analyze it to death, if I had to choose between saving the life of a human and a chicken, Id choose the human. Humans do things like cure cancer and develop solar energy products.

Source: Moyo Studio / Getty

Heres another thought that may not be appealing but is true. As humans, we are cursed with consciousness and empathy. When we kill animals for food, we feel bad about it, so many of us dont want to do it. But umdo you think that animals in the wild give a sh*t what their prey feels when they hunt them for food?

Source: skynesher / Getty

Do you think a lion sees a goat and says to his lion friend, Leave him alone. Hes a living being. We shouldnt hurt him. Im just saying: the food chain is one of the oldest systems in the history of life. We as humans are just cursed with empathy, so we struggle with the concept. But just because we, people, stop eating other living things doesnt mean that we in any way will stop the fact that out there, in the wild, animals eat each other all of the time.

Source: Karen M. Romanko / Getty

You know how humans actually do get the whole food chain thing right? When we push for humanely-raised livestock and fish. Death is inevitable, but at least, in these circumstances, we ensure the life was good. And we also make sure the death was peaceful and humane.

Source: skynesher / Getty

Do you think a lion who rips his prey to shreds in the wild concerns himself with the peaceful and humane death of his meal? Absolutely not. At least when I buy humane animal products, I gain some control over the controllableaka the quality of life of the animalwhile understanding that the food chain is something I cant stop.

Source: raquel arocena torres / Getty

Hello there you pet-owning vegans. Yes, Im talking to you. What do you feed your pet? Is your German Shepherd eating kale and chickpeas? What about your cat? Is she happy to eat pureed carrots all day? The insane hypocrisy of it all is that many vegans do, without realizing it, acknowledge that the food chain is essential because they feed their pets animal products.

Source: Lucia Romero Herranz / EyeEm / Getty

I understand there are pet owners who keep their pets on a vegan diet. But if youre one such pet owner, then you know that that diet has to be so precariously and specifically prepared, and typically is most safely prepared by a professional, rather than yourself, if you dont want to put your pets health at a huge risk. And thats because, once again, pets arent really meant to be vegan. If the tiniest mistake in this direction or that direction in a vegan diet could mean fatal consequences for Fido, its because hes not supposed to be a vegan.

Source: miodrag ignjatovic / Getty

When I was a vegan, I dropped from a healthy 122 pounds to a terrifying 108 pounds. It happened in a matter of six weeks or so. If youre going to eat healthy vegan foodaka dont just pound tofu and fake cheeseyou need to eat massive amounts of food. Eating a truly balanced vegan diet required immense quantities of food. Its like all I did was eat all day, and I could still barely keep weight on.

Source: miodrag ignjatovic / Getty

I cannot surround my life around eating. As a vegan, I had to. I had to pack all of these carefully prepared snacks to bring everywhere. It ruled my life. I need a meal that is so densely and overwhelmingly packed with nutrients and calories that I can just eat a few times a day and move on with my life. You know how they say veganism is a lifestyle? Yeah, its more like your whole damn life because preparing the food takes so much time that you have to give up on other pursuits.

View post:
I Quit Veganism And It Saved My Life - MadameNoire

Veganuary: Do this year’s dishes rival the Greggs vegan sausage roll? – BBC News

Hundreds of restaurants have launched tasty plant-based treats in conjunction with Veganuary, a campaign encouraging people to follow a vegan diet for the first month of the year. From pea protein pepperoni to watermelon steak, will any new products rival Greggs's vegan sausage roll success from last year?

Late at night on New Year's Day, dozens of people queued up outside the Greggs on Grainger Street in Newcastle to be among the first foodies to taste the new vegan steak bake before it was first available to buy on 2 January.

Food blogger Emma Phillips had been invited to the event by Greggs as a peace offering after she ate a non-vegan doughnut that had been mistakenly labelled as vegan.

The 40-year-old from Gateshead said the launch became "quite an experience" after various partygoers joined the queue to see what all the fuss was about.

"Bearing in mind it was New Year's Day, the Greggs in particular that they chose was on the corner beside quite a notorious area of Newcastle for revellers, shall we say - so a lot of quite inebriated people were walking past," Emma said.

After a bit of "ribbing" from non-vegan passersby, "they started to join the queue as well".

Inside, people were rewarded for their wait with trays of steak bakes, a DJ, and some iPads were even given away, Emma said.

It might seem like a lot of hype for just one product.

But Greggs knows how much one star snack can bolster an entire brand.

After Piers Morgan criticised the vegan sausage roll when it launched during the 2019 edition of Veganuary, Greggs's marketing team jumped for joy.

The ITV presenter's characteristically scathing retweet, followed by Greggs's witty reply, helped a video clip advertising the roll to accumulate a cool 5.3m views - and led to widespread media coverage.

The roll became one of the fastest selling Greggs products for years and helped to contribute to what was described as a "phenomenal year" by the company's chief executive.

Annual sales broke 1bn for the first time, with sales growing 13.5% compared to 7.2% in 2018 - and it was announced on Wednesday that all 25,000 staff members would get a share of a 7m payout to celebrate the success.

So, it's safe to say that food chains have realised there is money to be made out of Veganuary.

Food outlets jumping on the bandwagon include Wagamama, which has launched a "tuna" steak made of watermelon, Subway with its Meatless Meatball Marinara and Costa Coffee with its ham and cheese toastie - free from ham and, er, cheese.

Caffe Nero has launched an entire new menu to help people get through the 31-day challenge - complete with raspberry croissants and "meatball" paninis.

Pizza Hut, meanwhile, says it hopes its Veganuary special, a pepperoni-style pizza made from pea protein, will "appease" - oh dear - " even the greatest meat lovers".

So far this year the pizza chain says it has sold an average of 1,400 vegan pizzas a day - up 50% on January last year.

And Leon says its new chipotle and avocado burger has sold better than expected. The fast food chain's vegan burgers are now out-selling other burgers.

Dominos has confirmed rumours it is "getting there" with developing a vegan pizza - but it looks like it is going to miss the chance to make the most of the Veganuary hype.

Alison Rabschnuk from the Good Food Institute says the timing of Veganuary is "perfect" for businesses.

"Health concerns are the primary consumer motivation for eating vegan and January is the number one month for new health-related resolutions," she says.

But she also points out that not all vegan food has to be healthy - and new foods might actually sell better if they are marketed as an indulgent treat.

"Scream flavour and whisper health" is Alison's advice. "The fact that a dish is plant-based is what cues health for the customer - there's no need to overemphasise that point."

Veganuary launched in 2014 as a non-profit organisation encouraging people to try out being vegan in the first month of the year by signing the Veganuary pledge.

It also supports businesses to develop plant-based products "as a way of protecting the environment, preventing animal suffering and improving the health of millions of people".

The campaign claims 200 new vegan products were launched by restaurants and supermarkets at last year's event, when 250,000 people made the pledge.

This year is even bigger.

The number of sign-ups has already surpassed 370,000 (including 150,000 in the UK) and is "steadily rising", according to Veganuary's head of marketing, Toni Vernelli - who adds the "huge response" shows the "positive action" of the campaign is "exactly what many people need right now".

Google Trends also suggests there's much more interest in Veganuary this year.

Search term popularity in January each year

While making money from vegan foods at this time of year should therefore be easy, some food outlets have faced barriers.

Burger King cooked up a storm with its January roll-out of the Rebel Whopper which, although made of a plant-based patty, is not strictly suitable for vegans or vegetarians because it is cooked alongside meat products.

But the Veganuary team has defended the new burger and warned non-vegan customers not to get too picky.

It argues animals are better off with non-vegans eating plant-based burgers, even if they're cooked alongside their meaty counterparts.

PETA has also urged vegans to accept this kind of practice because otherwise restaurants will be put off making vegan products.

The risk of cross-contamination posed by the Rebel Whopper is one of several issues fast food chains encounter when rolling out vegan products.

Another problem for full-time vegans is whether or not to buy food from restaurants which make most of their fortune from meat.

Vegan social influencer Emily Woolnough has been grappling with this question for a while.

When KFC trialled a vegan burger last year, the 20-year-old from Cleethorpes refused to eat it.

"I was against buying something from KFC because they kill millions of chickens [and] I don't want my money to be going into that," she said.

But by the time the zero chicken burger launched across the UK on 2 January, Emily had listened to other influencers and had a change of heart.

"It's good to increase the demand for vegan food," she says - adding that the "amazing" KFC burger is her favourite Veganuary product because "it tastes so realistic".

Emma Phillips agrees it's the multinational big cheeses who will really be able to drive veganism to become mainstream.

"They're not bothered about the animals but I don't care," she says. "No business is there in an altruistic sense. For me, if veganism is to become mainstream... it has to be convenient, it has to be accessible. So the likes of Greggs and KFC are actually pushing that agenda in the way a niche movement wouldn't do."

Toni Vernelli, head of communications at Veganuary, agrees with the bloggers about sometimes-demonised business such as KFC, McDonald's and Burger King. "We don't think we can achieve a vegan world without them," she says.

She points out the huge advertising budgets and overflowing budgets enjoyed by these companies and says, with increased demand, industry giants might invest in growing their vegan menus.

While they may not want to be too closely aligned with a store that sells 1.5m pork sausage rolls every week, Emma and Emily do have one thing in common with Greggs - they're all profiting from Veganuary.

Emma says she got 1,000 new followers in the first week of January.

And part-time Starbucks worker Emily, whose @naturally_vegan Instagram page is smaller than Emma's @veganwomble account, has still had about twice the number of new followers in the first week of January compared with her weekly average.

"Posting the new foods gains a lot of attraction," Emily says.

"It's the hot topic at the minute, it's what everyone's talking about."

Read the original here:
Veganuary: Do this year's dishes rival the Greggs vegan sausage roll? - BBC News

OPINION: Welcome to the 2020s. Veganism is in. – Indiana Daily Student

Beyond Burger is a plant-based alternative to meat for those looking to go vegan or reduce their animal product intake. Tribune News Service Buy Photos

Vegan diets, which exclude the consumption of animal products in favor of plant-based foods,have become a powerful market force in the United States. Its never been easier for vegans to abstain from meat, eggs and dairy. Maybe you should join them.

The Economist predicted that 2019 would be the year of the vegan, and the prediction panned out well. According to market data from Nielsen, plant-based food sales have grown at more than five times the rate of overall food sales. Milk alternatives, such as almond milk and oat milk, comprised the largest category of sales.

Meanwhile, cow's milk is out. Dean Milk and Borden, two of the countrys largest milk producers, have filed for bankruptcy since November. The companies attributed their financial ruin to plummeting sales of traditional white milk. Americans per capita consumption of fluid milk has fallen 26% over the last two decades, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The plant-based food industry owes some of its runaway success to two companies that sell mock meat: Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. Their lab-produced foods use specially chosen plant ingredients, which mimic the taste and appearance of real meat. Restaurant companies such as Burger King, Qdoba, White Castle and Dunkin have all signed deals with Beyond Meat or Impossible Foods. This week, Impossible Foods announced the upcoming release of a pig-free pork.

However, there's no vegan utopia yet. USDA data showed that overall dairy consumption in pounds per person remained unchanged between 2015 and 2018, owing its resilience to cheese consumption. Similar patterns hold for eggs.

While veganism has become mainstream, it is not necessarily popular. As few as 3% of Americans identify as vegan, according to Gallup. One poll commissioned by HuffPost suggests that more voters would be reluctant to vote for a vegan than would be excited to vote for one.

The rise of vegan food highlights the trend of reducing rather than totally eliminating animal-based foods. A survey from Harris Poll found that as many as 1 in 5 Americans sometimes opt to eat out totally animal-free.

The pattern also reflects a generational divide. Impossible Foods data indicated that more than half of Generation Z and millennials eat plant-based meat at least once per month, compared to just 1 in 5 baby boomers.

Vegans cite numerous reasons for their dietary choices.

One motivation is the environment. A study published in the journal Science identifies greenhouse gas emissions, global acidification, eutrophication, land use and water scarcity as factors that make livestock consumption environmentally unfriendly. Oxford University researcher Joseph Poore, who led the study, concluded, A vegan diet is probably the single biggest way to reduce your impact on planet Earth.

Another study estimates that eating vegan for just two-thirds of meals could reduce food-related carbon emissions by 60%.

Animal welfare is a second reason. Peter Singer, a Princeton University professor of philosophy who presented a lecture on animal ethics at IU in 2018, wrote, industrial agriculture denies animals even a minimally decent life.

Citing small cages, disease and chemical poisoning associated with production of food from fish and birds, Singer and animal welfare activist Karen Dawn argue that there is a moral imperative to abstain from fish, eggs and poultry.

While the National Institute of Health emphasizes that red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, consumption of fake meat isnt necessarily healthier.

Emily Gelsomin, a senior clinical nutrition specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital, explains, Meatless burgers are good for the planet, but not always good for our health. Patties from Impossible Foods and Beyond Meats are heavily processed and include higher amounts of sodium and saturated fat than typical beef burgers, Gelsomin said.

This type of diet change, the serious reduction of meats and dairies, is feasible for almost anyone with typical dietary needs in Bloomington. Vegan options in Bloomington are numerous. Its easy to buy from Bloomingfoods, Rainbow Bakery and more. Meatless burgers, including Beyond Meats famous patty, are widely available at supermarkets like Kroger. IU even offers on-campus options, too.

Veganism is here to stay in the 2020s. Next time you eat out, maybe hold the cheese.

Like what you're reading? Support independent, award-winning college journalism on this site. Donate here.

Americans may be watching "Saturday Night Live" more closely than the actual race.

The fires in Australia are a glimpse of what the future would look like with climate catastrophe.

LinkedIn should encourage individuality by being more user-friendly.

Read the original here:
OPINION: Welcome to the 2020s. Veganism is in. - Indiana Daily Student

A lot of people would go vegan if it wasnt for the money, taste, and convenience – ZME Science

A survey of British men and women found widescale support for veganism, most viewing a completely plant-based diet as more ethical, better for the environment, and healthy. However, despite the overwhelmingly positive attitude, the same people also found veganism very challenging and inconvenient. The main barriers that kept them away from forgoing meat and dairy products dealt with taste, price, and convenience.

The analysis was published this week in the journal Sustainability by a team of researchers at the University of Bath in the UK.

Researchers surveyed 1,000 participants who were recruited online through Prolific, a surveying platform, about their beliefs about vegetarianism and vegan diets. All the participants were meat-eaters with an average age of 34.

According to the results, 73% of the surveyed participants thought veganism is ethical, 70% considered it was good for the environment, 60% found it socially acceptable, while 50% said it was healthy.

At a time of year when many people are considering switching to plant-based diets with Veganuary, this study shows that most people already agree with the ethics of veganism and are aware of the benefits of vegan diets to the environment, Chris Bryant, lead author of the new study and a psychologist at the University of Bath, said in a statement.

If thats the case, why are they still eating meat? On follow-up, 80% of respondents said that they did not think transitioning was easy, 77% said it was inconvenient, and 60% thought it was not enjoyable. Perceptions of vegan diets were significantly more negative than perceptions of vegetarian diets on most aspects.

That many people agree with the principles of veganism is one thing, but in terms of changing behaviours we need to acknowledge that for many it has been seen as too expensive, inconvenient and a sacrifice in terms of taste, Bryant said.

Although most of the respondents perceived cutting meat out of their diets as overwhelmingly positive and considered it too hard to do, its actually never been easier than ever to be a vegetarian or vegan.

For instance, the common argument that a vegan diet is expensive is simply no longer true. While a vegan menu will be significantly more expensive than a conventional, meat-based menu in most restaurants, things are changing fast. Companies like Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat in the United States are now making plant-based products that not only taste and look like meat, theyre also similarly priced to meat-based products.

In the UK, fast food bakery Greggs just launched a vegan steak bake, right on the heels of Subways vegan Meatball Marinara sub and KFCs vegan burger.

Interestingly, in the time since this study was conducted, these things have all changed substantially. Supermarkets, restaurants, and even fast food outlets have developed numerous high quality and affordable vegan options. Having direct replacements for the foods people know and like makes it easier for everybody to consume fewer animal products. If we are to reduce animal product consumption in the UK and around the world, the development of high quality affordable alternatives to animal products is key, Bryant concluded.

Read the original:
A lot of people would go vegan if it wasnt for the money, taste, and convenience - ZME Science

Jack Black Says Vegan Is Best For The Planet And ‘Straight Up Delish’ – Plant Based News

Jack Black has praised veganism more than once (Photo: Eva Rinaldi)

Jack Black says veganism is the best diet for the planet - and that a host of animal-free foods are 'straight up delish'.

The actor and comedian made the comments during an interview with the Associated Press last month.

"It's said that it's the best for the environment if you have a vegan lifestyle and vegan diet, mainly because of cow farts. It's the methane. It's bad for the ozone, and the rest," he told the interviewer.

"But also, it just tastes good. Lately, they've been getting the technology right. The Impossible Burg[er]* bro. Delish. I don't even know if it's good for you, it's just straight-up delish."

It is not known whether Black is actually vegan now, though he revealed in an interview around the same time as this one (December 2019), that he was not.

He made the comments during a WIRED Autocomplete Interview, where celebrities answer the internet's most searched questions about themselves. One asked whether he was vegan.

He answered: "No, but I would like to be. I am in spirit, and really, it's time for everyone to consider that lifestyle for the environment. I found out it turns out vegans are better for the environment. Why? Cow farts."

He added that everyone should consider going vegan because of the environmental benefits.

*Impossible Foods states that its burger is plant-based rather than vegan, as a key ingredient - heme - was tested on rats in order to obtain FDA approval.

Read more here:
Jack Black Says Vegan Is Best For The Planet And 'Straight Up Delish' - Plant Based News

USADAs fan support is weaning in light of recent inconsistencies – FanSided

The UFC and the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) seemed like a match made in heaven when the two partnered up in 2015. The use of testosterone replacement therapy had gotten out of hand, and fighters were walking around looking like they jumped out of comic books. Already huge men like Vitor Belfort and Alistair Overeem were seen as inhuman due to their size. USADA was here to fix that.

Since that fateful summer day in 2015, USADA has suspended dozens, if not hundreds, of fighters for drug use. From the biggest of names like UFC light heavyweight champion Jon Jones to lesser-known fighters that you may not even be aware of. USADA was supposed to bring integrity to the promotion. It was supposed to let fans know that the fights were clean and the fighters were held to regular and fair standards. Thats become anything but the case in the eyes of many.

Fans are now beginning to have doubts about the USADA partnership with the UFC. Too many head-scratching rulings, inconsistent penalties, and just too many allowances given to too many big-time fighters, while others are left swinging in the wind. Fighters who dont draw as much or arent as close to top brass wait months, if not years to have their cases heard. Its become a practice that has bothered many. This is why the recent news surrounding one MMA pioneer has fans really bothered.

Like with Jessica Penne. The 36-year-old UFC fighter announced shed recently been suspended a whopping four years for a positive drug test. The length is due to it being her second offense, the first of which she claims was due to a tainted supplement. USADA agreed with the findings but suspended her anyway.

Similar cases happened with Bellator heavyweight Josh Barnett and UFC middleweight, Yoel Romero. Both men claimed to have taken tainted supplements, USADA agreed, and neither men were suspended beyond the time they served provisionally during the investigation. Penne had the same situation, only this time USADA wasnt so lenient. USADA gave her a four-year ban for, as Penne put it, an extremely low level of stanozolol(picogram levels).

Fans are noticing however that certain fighters curry favor with USADA, as a certain champion is actively fighting with picogram levels in his system.

This brings us to Nate Diaz, whom the officials at USADA notified right before his fight with Jorge Masvidal that he had a positive drug test to his name. USADA claimed that he had elevated levels, and even suggested to Diaz it was probably from a tainted supplement. Diaz refuted the accusation and forced the UFCs hand by saying he wasnt going to fight until he was cleared. Less than 24 hours later, thats what USADA did. Which left fans wondering if Diaz got special treatment.

Is Penne is being treated differently compared to how Jones and Diaz were treated? It sure seems like it. Diaz was given the benefit of the doubt, and his case was apparently rushed in 24 hours to ensure the big fight with Masvidal happened. For Jones, the UFC moved an entire event just to make sure Jones didnt miss his fight.

USADA seems to be willing to help out the fighters and the UFC when big bucks are on the line. Meanwhile, fighters like Penne, Barnett, Romero, and others are left to fend for themselves. Fans no longer expect consistency from USADA. After all, USADA agreed that Penne and Diaz both took tainted supplements. Yet one was allowed to fight the very next day, and the other (Penne) was given 18 months.

Fans are growing more and more frustrated with the pairing of USADA and the UFC, and the legitimacy and integrity of the testing has grown suspect in the eyes of the fans. Many no longer have faith in USADA, and if you dont have the publics trust, you cant be reiled upon to be taken seriously.

See the original post here:
USADAs fan support is weaning in light of recent inconsistencies - FanSided

From tofu lamb chops to vegan steak bakes: the 1,000-year history of fake meat – The Guardian

Another year, another skirmish in the culture war. The launch of Greggs latest offering, a plant-based steak bake, has revived the kerfuffle that surrounded the bakery chains vegan sausage roll. Amid a flurry of hot takes and taste tests, up popped Piers Morgan to complain: A meatless steak is not a bloody steak.

Meanwhile, some vegans have been complaining about KFC and Burger King adding plant-based burgers to their menus. One animal rights activist told the Guardian last week: Theyre trying to buy us off with these products, and pretending theyre our friends. Happy Veganuary, everyone.

This may seem a peculiarly modern obsession can science produce something that has a similar taste, appearance and texture to meat, but isnt meat? but it has been simmering for over a millennium. As early as 965, the frugal-minded Chinese magistrate Shi Ji was promoting tofu as mock lamb chops, according to William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagis study, History of Meat Alternatives.

The Chinese often used tofu (made from soya) and seitan (from wheat gluten) because of their availability and physical properties. You can manufacture them into squishy, lightly fibrous substances, says Malte Rdl, a research associate at the University of Manchesters Sustainable Consumption Institute. By the 1620s, the process was so advanced that Buddhist monks at a banquet had to be reassured: This is vegetarian food made to look like meat.

In Victorian Britain, where the first vegetarians were motivated by health concerns as well as a belief that eating animals was immoral, meat, though expensive, was central to an aspirational diet. So early vegetarian propaganda emphasised the poor quality of most cheap meat, as well as the virtues of self-denial and thrift not so different from the modern fixation with wellness and minimalism. The debate among vegetarians over how much to sacrifice their ideals in order to appeal to those still eating a mixed diet is also reminiscent of the current scepticism about fast food chains.

The Victorian vegetarians were very concerned with not wanting to be like meat-eaters, says Rdl. Some people say: We shouldnt give in, but then other people say: We need to become more popular.

But the repetitiveness and simplicity of a diet of mostly vegetables hamstrung the efforts of reformers, with the Daily News reporting in 1897 that the vegetarian movement had yet to make their fare appetising. And so, from the late 19th century, meat substitutes started to emerge, made from nuts, seeds or grains.

Many came via the Seventh Day Adventist church in the US. As director of the churchs Battle Creek Sanatarium in Michigan, Dr John Harvey Kellogg pioneered several meat substitutes, among them protose, a nut-cereal preparation which, he said, resembled meat to a considerable degree having a slight fibre like potted meat.

But in general throughout history, meat substitutes have suffered from the curse of comparison to the real thing, says Rdl as though there were even one single thing to aim for. All meat tastes differently depending on how it is cured, who manufactured it, what spices are added, he points out. There might be some meat that you like, or dont like, but you wouldnt say its not meat, because its from an animal but for meat alternatives, that argument doesnt work.

If people dont like it, theyll say its not like meat, therefore its not good. As soon as you know its not an animal that youre eating, you are immediately more critical.

The idea of meat alternatives as a second-rate option was reinforced during wartime, when consumption of less meat was either encouraged or mandated through rationing. During the first world war, nut meat was advertised in national newspapers, and even wholegrain bread was marketed as a meat alternative, on the strength of having a higher protein content than white bread. These meatless and less-meat diets predictably receded in peacetime.

During the second world war, soya was used to replace or fortify products though not very palatably. Soya was left with an image problem that persisted until the 1960s, when the US company Archer Daniels Midland developed the meal extender textured vegetable protein (TVP), offering all the protein but less of the unpleasant aftertaste.

In 1971, Frances Moore Lapps bestseller Diet for a Small Planet was credited with making vegetarianism fashionable in the US. Seth Tibbott, then a college student in Ohio, was among those to convert, although plant-based products were not widely available at the time. He recalls eating soy grit burgers: ground-up soya beans combined with wheat flour and fried: They tasted horrible, but they digested worse. I was very keen to find a soy product that digested well and tasted good.

In the 1980s, he went into business producing tempeh, made from fermented soya beans. It wasnt very profitable, he admits. It was way before there was any interest in plant-based foods, thats for sure.

Then, in 1995, spotting a gap in the market for Thanksgiving, he created a turkey substitute from wheat protein and tofu and named it Tofurky. It really hit a chord, he says. No meat alternative had caught fire in the way Tofurky did then, and in the way that Beyond Burger and Impossible Burger are catching fire now. It just became part of American culture.

But the potential of soya, and TVP in particular, was viewed with scepticism in the UK. A 1975 Guardian editorial headlined A soya point arched an eyebrow at the faux-bacon, ham and sausages on sale in the US, noting: No one has yet managed to produce a meat flavour which is totally convincing, particularly beef.

In 1960s Britain, meat alternatives had been mostly associated with the hippy movement, and the macrobiotic food trend from Japan. Gregory Sams, who is credited with inventing the veggie burger, fashioned a patty from seitan at his London restaurant Seed, which was frequented by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Later, in 1983, Sams sesame- and soya-based VegeBurger got a commercial release; an Observer report remarked on its pleasant texture and agreeable, if a little bland taste.

Then, in 1985, along came an undisputed hit in the form of Quorn, a low-cost meat substitute based on a microorganism in the fungi family and a process of fermentation. It had been 20 years in the making one decade in development, another awaiting food safety approval. Key to its popularity were the meat-free mince, sausages, patties and even pepperoni and nuggets that could be seamlessly subbed in for meat products. Today it features in Greggs sausage roll and steak bake. Rdl says people are far more receptive to plant-based proxies for processed meats than they are to, say, a soya steak (although, he adds, there are now really nice ones available).

Where we started with the Quorn pieces and vegetable pie, we now have over 120 products in the UK market, says spokesman Alex Glen. This makes it very easy for people to replicate their animal diets. Yet, until relatively recently, Quorn was mostly targeted at vegetarians and vegans, rather than meat reducers: people who have no intention of giving up meat altogether but want to eat less, typically for health reasons. That market emerged in the 1990s, says Tony Watson, who in 2012 founded the soya-based brand Meat the Alternative.

The former butcher saw the writing on the wall and switched to working on improving meat analogue technologies for the DuPont organisation. Those technologies have not changed much in the past 15 years, says Watson pea is increasingly being used as a meat substitute, but still has a long way to go with regards to texture but the market has, with phenomenal growth in the number of consumers eating less meat in the past two years.

YouGov research carried out for Waitrose last year found that a third of Britons were eating less meat and fish than two years ago, with 32% planning to reduce their consumption even further. Just about every high-street chain, including Pret a Manger and Wetherspoons, is increasing their meat-free offerings as result.

But Watson says it is frustrating to see many companies throwing stuff at the wall to see what sticks, being overly led by the tiny but vocal vegan community (less than 1% of the British population, he points out) and producing poor-quality products not suitable for meat-reducers. He expects many small meat-proxy producers to be driven out of business by rivals with bigger budgets for product development or marketing.

Among the biggest are Impossible Foods and Beyond Burger (which became a publicly listed company last year), both offering plant-based patties that are sweeping fast-food menus in the US and UK for their similarity to beef down to the blood. Their success and the momentum it is creating for meat alternatives has great impact for sustainability, says Rdl.

But it also highlights a strange paradox underpinning the centuries-long pursuit of the perfect meat proxy: by trying to seamlessly remove meat from our diets, we are actually reinforcing its importance. Theres this kind of association of meat and the good life a bit of luxury, a nutritious diet that means people want to replicate it in vegetarian terms, says Rdl. Because meat is so entangled with how we understand diets historically, its really hard to imagine ways outside of it.

He points to a vegetarian sausage producer he interviewed for his PhD thesis on meat alternatives. She had no desire to replicate the texture or flavour of meat in her vegetable-only products but nonetheless spoke with pride of the traditional springiness of the casing. In other words, she was congratulating herself on enveloping her meat-free product with something modelled on animal intestine.

When we successfully replace meat with a meat-free substitute, we overlook the possibility of a diet that is free of it altogether. It just kind of keeps this idea of meat-eating as the centrepiece, says Rdl of food culture, if not our diet. Counterintuitively, the strange and storied history of the hunt for the perfect proxy really proves the point: We dont have an exit strategy from meat.

Seth Tibbotts memoir, Search for the Wild Tofurky, will be published in April.

Excerpt from:
From tofu lamb chops to vegan steak bakes: the 1,000-year history of fake meat - The Guardian