SpaceX to have 2 launches on Wednesday of Starlink smallsats and Maxar WorldView Legion 1 & 2 SatNews – SatNews

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Starlink 6-51 mission on Wednesday, April 17, 2024 at 9:24PM (UTC). LC-39AKennedy Space Center Florida, A batch of satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation SpaceXs project for space-based Internet communication system.

SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 is a two-stage rocket designed and manufactured by SpaceX for the reliable and safe transport of satellites and the Dragon spacecraft into orbit. The Block 5 variant is the fifth major interval aimed at improving upon the ability for rapid reusability.

SpaceX to launch Maxar WorldView Legion 1 & 2 mission for leading resolution and accuracy

Also scheduled for launch on Wednesday a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the WorldView Legion 1 & 2 mission on Wednesday, April 17, 2024 at 6:30PM (UTC). WorldView Legion is a constellation of Earth observation satellites built and operated by Maxar. Constellation is planned to consist of 6 satellites in both polar and mid-inclination orbits, providing 30 cm-class resolution.

Space Launch Complex 4E has witnessed the launch of 141 rockets, including 141 orbital launch attempts, while Vandenberg SFB, California, has been the site for 752 rocket launches. The launch cost is $52 Million.

The rest is here:

SpaceX to have 2 launches on Wednesday of Starlink smallsats and Maxar WorldView Legion 1 & 2 SatNews - SatNews

This Week in Launch: A lonely SpaceX week – Space Explored

Image: Jared Locke / Space Explored

This week were only seeing three launches, all of which are from SpaceX and two of those are for Starlink missions out of Florida. About what we expect from a company doing the majority of Earths launch capability.

Join our Discord Server: Join the community with forums and chatrooms about space!

Continuing their three week streak of launching three or more Falcon 9s a week, SpaceX once again has three rockets scheduled to launch this week. For what Ive seen, they are the only company currently attempting any launches in the next seven days.

A rare quiet week from China it is I guess.

The first mission will be a commercial flight for DigitalGlobe with two of its next generation Worldview Legion spacecrafts. Because of the light weight of these two spacecraft, the booster will be return to LZ-4 after launching.

Following this mission well be back to the status quo of Starlink flights from Florida. The most annoying part of all of this is that SpaceX is seemingly skipping over Starlink Group 6-50. Every manifest Ive looked at shows them launching 6-51 and -52 this weekend continuing on with -53.

Its not uncommon for Starlink missions to fly out of order, but this is the first Ive noticed them skipping a number entirely. What does this mean? Nothing, maybe, probably nothing.

Anyways, these three missions will bring SpaceX up to 42 total launches for 2024 and will continue to push that launch rate in the right direction to meet its 148 launch goal.

While I was traveling a few weeks ago, Elon Musk gave an update on SpaceXs goal to make life multi-planetary with its Starship rocket down at Starbase. While there wasnt a whole lot new, there were some things worth mentioning.

In case you were wondering, the state of SpaceXs martian colony goal is strong with Musk restating how important it is that humanity has a backup. Hes hoping in the next 20 years SpaceX will be able to launch regular missions to the Red Planet, hoping eventually make it self sustaining and independent from Earth.

To do this, SpaceX will need to get Starship operational and upgrade it. A Starship 2 version is already well talked about and construction of those ships is underway. Starship 2 will see slight extensions in its propellent tanks and various other improvements SpaceX has learned launching its first generation Starship rockets.

Starship 3 is where things will get crazy, drastically expanding the length of its tanks to be more than 500 feet tall. However, Musk states that more increases could come to Starship 3 depending on how Starship 2 does.

So if youre looking at Starship and thinking how can this get any bigger? Well, it can, and it probably will.

FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.

Link:

This Week in Launch: A lonely SpaceX week - Space Explored

SpaceX launches Space Force weather satellite designed to take over for a program with roots to the 1960s … – Spaceflight Now

The Weather System Follow-on Microwave (WSF-M) space vehicle was successfully encapsulated April 8, 2024, ahead of its scheduled launch as the U.S. Space Force (USSF)-62 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base, Calif., marking a major milestone on its upcoming launch into low Earth orbit. Image: SpaceX

SpaceX launched a military weather satellite designed to replace aging satellites from a program dating back to the 1960s. The United States Space Force-62 (USSF-62) mission featured the launch of the first Weather System Follow-on Microwave (WSF-M) spacecraft.

Liftoff of the Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base happened at 7:25 a.m. PDT (10:25 a.m. EDT (1425 UTC), which was the opening of a 10-minute launch window.

The booster supporting this National Security Space Launch (NSSL) mission, B1082 in the SpaceX fleet, made its third flight after previously launching the Starlink 7-9 and 7-14 missions this year.

Were absolutely thrilled be out here on the Central Coast, with a superb team primed and ready to launch the USSF-62 satellite. It has an important mission ahead of it and were excited for flight-proven Falcon 9 to deliver the satellite to orbit, said Col. Jim Horne, senior materiel leader for the Space System Commands Launch Execution Delta, in a statement. And on this mission, were using a first-stage booster whose history is purely commercial.

About eight minutes after liftoff, B1082 touched down at Landing Zone 4 (LZ-4). This was the 17th land landing in California and the 295th booster landing for SpaceX.

A significant milestone for the company on the USSF-62 mission was the use of flight-proven payload fairings, which will be a first for an NSSL mission. They previously flew on the USSF-52 mission, which featured the launch of the X-37B spaceplane from NASAs Kennedy Space Center in December 2023.

With each national security launch, we add to Americas capabilities and improve its deterrence in the face of growing threats, Horne stated.

USSF-62 was one of three missions granted to SpaceX in May 2022 as part of the NSSL Phase 2 Order Year 3 award, which collectively are valued at $309.7 million. SpaceX launched USSF-124 in February 2024 and will likely launch the SDA-Tranche 1 satellites later this year.

Ball Aerospace, the manufacturer of the WSF-M, said the spacecrafts primary payload is a passive microwave radiometer, which has been demonstrated on previous spacecraft. It also boasts a 1.8 meter antenna, which combined with the primary instrument allow the spacecraft to address so-called space-based environmental monitoring (SBEM) gaps.

Its capabilities will provide valuable information for protecting the assets of the United States and its allies, primarily in ocean settings.

The WSF-M satellite is a strategic solution tailored to address three high-priority Department of Defense SBEM gaps specifically, ocean surface vector winds, tropical cyclone intensity, and energetic charged particles in low Earth orbit, said David Betz, WSF-M program manager, SSC Space Sensing, in a statement. Beyond these primary capabilities, our instruments also provide vital data on sea ice characterization, soil moisture, and snow depth.

The spacecraft is based on the Ball Configurable Platform and includes a Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) sensor and an Energetic Charged Particle sensor. Ball Aerospace has been involved with other, similar spacecraft, including the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) and the Joint Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1).

According to a public FY2024 Department of Defense budget document, the WSF-M system will consist of two spacecraft. Once the first is on orbit, it will assess the level of Ocean Surface Vector Wind (OSVW) measurement uncertainty and Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) latency.

The first seeds of the program were planted back in October 2012 during whats called the Materiel Solution Analysis phase. That resulted in the Department of the Air Force issuing a request for proposals from companies in January 2017.

In November 2017, the Space and Missile Systems Center (now Space Systems Command) awarded a $93.7 million firm-fixed-price contract to Ball Aerospace for the WSF-M project with an expected completion date of Nov. 15, 2019.

This is an exciting win for us, and were looking forward to expanding our work with the Air Force and continuing to support warfighters and allies around the world, said Rob Strain, the then president, Ball Aerospace, in a 2017 statement. WSF-M extends Balls legacy of providing precise measurements from space to enable more accurate weather forecasting.

Roughly a year later, Ball received a $255.4 million contract modification, which provides for the exercise of an option for development and fabrication of the [WSF-M] Space Vehicle 1. This new contract also pushed out the expected completion date to Jan. 15, 2023.

In May 2020, the U.S. Space Forces SMSC noted the completion of the WSF-M systems critical design review that April, which opened the door to the beginning of fabrication.

Over the following year, the spacecraft went through a series of tests, running both the software and hardware through its paces. The primary bus structure was completed by August 2021 and by October 2022, the spacecraft entered its integration readiness review (IRR) and test readiness review (TRR).

Before that though, in May 2022, Ball was awarded a $16.6 million cost-plus-incentive-fee contract modification, which was for the exercise of an option for integration, test and operational work of the spacecraft. That brought the cumulative face value of the contract to about $417.4 million.

Shortly before the end of that year, in November 2022, Ball received a $78.3 firm-fixed-price contract modification to develop the second WSF-M spacecraft. That work is expected to be completed by Nov. 15, 2027, which would set up a launch opportunity no earlier than January 2028.

It was finally delivered from Balls facilities in Boulder, Colorado, to Vandenberg Space Force Base for pre-launch processing in February 2024.

This delivery represents a major milestone for the WSF-M program and is a critical step towards putting the first WSF-M satellite on-orbit for the warfighter, said Col. Daniel Visosky, senior materiel leader, SSCs Space Sensing Environmental and Tactical Surveillance program office, in a statement.It represents a long-term collaboration and unity-of-effort between the Space Force and our combined teams at Ball Aerospace, support contractors and government personnel.

This first WSF-M satellite, and eventually the second, will take the place of the legacy Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, which have roots going back in the 1960s. The program features two primary satellites, which operate in sun-synchronous LEO polar orbits at about 450 nautical miles in altitude.

Originally known as the Defense Satellite Applications Program (DASP), the first of these legacy satellites launched in 1962 and they were classified under the purview of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) as part of the Corona Program. The DMSP was declassified in 1972 to allow data to be used by non-governmental scientists and civilians.

According to a Space Force historical accounting, a tri-agency organizational agreement was forged between the DoD, the Department of Commerce and NASA following President Bill Clintons directive for the DOC and the DoD to converge their separate polar-orbiting weather satellite programs. Funding responsibility stayed with the DoD, but by June 1998, the operational responsibility of the DMSP transferred to the Department of Commerce.

Satellite operations for the DMSP then became the responsibility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO).

The program was not without issue over the years. In 2004, the DMSP-F11 satellite, launched in 1991 and retired in 1995, disintegrated and created dozens of pieces of orbital debris. In 2015, a faulty battery was blamed for a similar disintegration of DMSP-F13, which resulted in 147 pieces of debris.

That year, Congress ordered an end to the DMSP program and the yet-to-launch F20 satellite was to be scrapped.

In February 2016, the DMSP-F19 had its planned five-year mission cut short less than two years after launch. The satellite suffered a power anomaly that caused engineers to lose control of it. The spacecraft was declared lost in March.

The DMSP-F17 satellite, launched in 2006, was then relocated to the primary position vacated by F19. According to the Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR), a tool developed by the World Meteorological Organization, there are three DMSP satellites still in service: F16, F17 and F18. They launched in 2003, 2006 and 2009 respectively.

The latter two have expected end-of-life dates of 2025, with F16 intended to conclude its mission in December 2023, according to the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). However, that expiration has been extended as the WSF-M replacements are still on the way.

Its unclear if F17 and F18 can hang on until the second WSF-M spacecraft is completed and launched in 2028.

Link:

SpaceX launches Space Force weather satellite designed to take over for a program with roots to the 1960s ... - Spaceflight Now

SpaceX launches military weather satellite into orbit – UPI News

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket creates a vapor cone as it goes supersonic during the launch of the Transporter 2 payload from Complex 40 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida on June 30, 2021. SpaceX launched a military weather satellite into orbit on Thursday morning. File Photo by Joe Marino/UPI | License Photo

April 11 (UPI) -- SpaceX launched its second national security mission of 2024 on Thursday with a Falcon 9 rocket lifting the U.S. Space Force mission USSF-62 into orbit.

The mission took off from California's Vandenberg Space Force Base at 10:25 a.m. EDT. The mission sends a Weather System Follow-on Microwave satellite, or WSF-M, to low Earth orbit.

BAE Systems said it "will provide critical and actionable weather intelligence to military operations in all warfighting domains."

Air Force Col. Jim Horne, the senior material leader for Space Systems Command's Launch Execution Delta, said the satellite will prove important to military operations and "add to America's capabilities and improve its deterrence in the face of growing threats."

"The WSF-M satellite is a strategic solution tailored to address three high-priority Department of Defense SBEM gaps -- specifically, ocean surface vector winds, tropical cyclone intensity, and energetic charged particles in low Earth orbit," David Betz, WSF-M program manager, of the SSC Space Sensing, said in a statement.

"Beyond these primary capabilities, our instruments also provide vital data on sea ice characterization, soil moisture and snow depth."

SpaceX said it was the third launch of the first-stage booster supporting the mission. It was previously used on two Starlink missions. The first stage returned to Earth and landed on the Landing 4 zone at the Vandenberg Space Force Base.

View original post here:

SpaceX launches military weather satellite into orbit - UPI News

SpaceX breaks records for re-use launchers – Advanced Television

SpaceX has received good news from Indias government with reports that its Starlink broadband service is to receive an expedited fast-track approval to operate in India ahead of Elon Musks visit to the country. Starlink was also authorised for use in Albania last week. However, there are doubts in some quarters over Starlinks profitability.

Bloomberg, in a report, talks about Starlink losing hundreds of dollars on each of the near-3 million costly antenna terminals it has supplied to users.

SpaceXs CFO Bret Johnsen, speaking at the Washington Satellite 2024 event in March, declined to elaborate on Elon Musks suggestions to investors that Starlink had achieved breakeven cashflow last year. Johnsen said he did not want to quantify numbers but that it was in positive cashflow and profitable territory for our satellite business now.

One the positive side of the ledger Bloomberg says that SpaceX itself, which holds the rocket and Starlink businesses, is likely see overall sales of around $15 billion this year from $4.7 billion a year ago. Bloomberg says that SpaceXs current investors expect the company to need to raise more cash or get a fresh infusion from Musk himself.

SpaceXs weekend launch was managed with the 20th use of a Falcon 9 booster stage, a worlds record for the company. The launch means that there has been a total of 6,212 Starlinks launched of which 5,809 are still in orbit and 5,744 are considered by astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell.

The 20th launch means that SpaceX is halfway to matching the Space Shuttles record 39 orbital flights for its Discovery vehicle. The difference is that SpaceX used its Booster #1062 twenty times in just three-and-a-half years, while NASAs most successful Space Shuttle flew for 27 years (from 1984 to 2011).

Booster #1062 during its lifetime which no doubt will continue launched a batch of satellites for OneWeb, Nilesat 301 as well as Arabsats BADR-8. It has also helped put eight astronauts and more than 261 metric tons into orbit. It last launched on March 16th, and therefore a turnaround from landing to re-flight in just 27 days.

These launch records tend only to last for a few weeks until they are surpassed! SpaceX has handled 38 orbital missions this year.

Meanwhile, SpaceX last week asked the FCC for an experimental licence to cover the testing of 840 Direct-To-Cell satellites covering Australia (Optus), New Zealand (One New Zealand), Japan (KDDI), and Canada (Rogers). SpaceX explained that it intends to use a portion of its mobile partners authorised frequencies.

Read this article:

SpaceX breaks records for re-use launchers - Advanced Television

SpaceX leads the crusade against the NLRB as its head calls major employers ‘lawbreakers’ – Fortune

In a galaxy not so far away, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) strikes back. The independent federal agency, which safeguards the rights of employees and investigates violations of the National Labor Relations Act, is taking on a legion of billion-dollar corporations.

SpaceX, Starbucks, Amazon, and Trader Joes have all taken swipes at the NLRB as of late. SpaceX has led the charge with an I know you are but what am I approach to allegations of union-busting by claiming the agency is unconstitutional.

Jennifer Abruzzo, acting general counsel of the NLRB as appointed by President Joe Biden, isnt standing down to these corporate entities, and called out their legal tactics during a panel hosted by the Roosevelt Institute last week.

A growing number of deep-pocket, low-road employers are jumping on the bandwagon, seeking preliminary injunctions in courts, solely to slow [us] down or prevent us from engaging in our enforcement actions against them because they have the money to do so, she said.

These legal tactics are distractions to divert attention away from the fact that they are actually lawbreakers who need to be held accountable in a timely manner, she added.

Abruzzo described a back-and-forth thats not unlike a David and Goliath story, if Goliath was simply trying to run out the clock and leave David high and dry.

The NLRB isnt deterred, though, despite limited resources and a deluge of unfair labor practice filings amid heightened strike activity. There is no way were going to succumb, Abruzzo said, adding that the board will continue to call out companies where it sees fiteven among challenges to its very existence.

The main challenger of the NLRB, SpaceX, began its campaign against the federal branch earlier this year. Just one day after the NLRB issued a complaint against the astronautics company on Jan. 3, SpaceX sued the board in the Southern District of Texas, asserting that the institutions structure was unconstitutional. A judge subsequently opened the SpaceX hearing in March, with a case expected to be heard starting in May.

Amazon, Starbucks and Trader Joes followed suit in the companys crusade against the almost 90-year-old institution, Abruzzo said Friday. These esoteric legal arguments came about, why? Because we dared to issue a complaint against SpaceX after it unlawfully fired eight workers for speaking up about their workplace concerns, she said.

SpaceXs pushback and suing of the organization seems much more an ideological debate than how most employers handle it, Matthew Bodie, a labor law professor at the University of Minnesota who was a previous field attorney at the NLRB, told Fortunes Jessica Mathews this past March. It just seems like more of a crusade, almost, than a rational economic response to litigation.

While SpaceX is leading the charge, other large employers have eagerly taken up the same argument. Trader Joes argued that the board, in its current form, shouldnt exist during a hearing in January over alleged unfair treatment of workers at its Hadley, Mass., storeits first in the nation to unionize.

The National Labor Relations Act as interpreted and/or applied in this matter, including but not limited to the structure and organization of the the National Labor Relations Act Board and the Agencys administrative law judges is unconstitutional, Trader Joes attorney, Christopher Murphy, said in January, according to a transcript first obtained by HuffPost.

Im certainly not going to be ruling on my own constitutionality anytime soon, quipped Administrative Law Judge Charles Muhl. Youll have to take that up with the Board and with the federal courts.

Trader Joesanother of the companies taking aim at the NLRBtold Fortune the company has not filed or joined any lawsuit that challenges the constitutionality of the NLRBs administrative law judge system or seeks to dismantle any aspect of the NLRB. It added that its statement during the January hearing was an affirmative defense, which was not an argument; it was an opportunity to preserve all of our legal rights under the law.

Amazon raised a similar argument in a case regarding the only Amazon warehouse to successfully unionize, in Staten Island, N.Y. Starbucks did the same in a post-hearing brief about some of its stores. Starbucks, however, has now distanced itself from Elon Musks raging brainchild. Starbucks has not joined a lawsuit against the NLRB questioning its constitutionality or initiated similar litigation against the NLRB, the company told Fortune, linking to a statement. As of March, the coffee conglomerate has 741 open or settled NLRB cases, according to the Economic Policy Institutealthough the coffee chain recently reversed itself and pledged to negotiate with its unionized workers.

Amazon did not respond to Fortunes request for comment.

Legalese aside, these major employers have been part of the ranks of companies answering charges of labor complaints by pointing the finger back at the NLRB. Whether or not they have called the NLRB unconstitutional or simply implied it, these employers are joining the Republican-backed charge against one of the only federal safeguards of workers rights.

But these corporate titans crusade isnt meeting meek soldiers. We are not going to stop despite these challenges, said Abruzzo, noting that the NLRB is the only federal agency guarding the rights of workers to unionize. During a time of workers discontent, billion-dollar companies are seemingly attempting to make one of the few checks to their power go broke.

It seems to me they would rather spend their money initiating court litigation rather than improving their workers lives and their own workplace operations, said Abruzzo. She added the main goal is to divert our scarce resources away from protecting workers rights to organize and to fight for recognition and respect for the value that they add to their employers operations. And that is not going to happen.

The NLRB isnt just twiddling its thumbs until it gets its day in court; rather, it appears to be fueled more than ever to tackle these companies and workplace violations.But Abruzzo conceded the companies efforts to draw attention to the NLRB are having an effect.

Frankly, that strategy is working, she said. Theres a lot of public reporting about the challenges as opposed to the law breaking.

Continue reading here:

SpaceX leads the crusade against the NLRB as its head calls major employers 'lawbreakers' - Fortune

There Appears to Be a Huge Problem With SpaceX’s Starlink – Futurism

Did Elon Musk fib about the service breaking even? Balance Sheet

In a brief announcement on his social media platform last year, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk celebrated that the company's Starlink broadband service had "achieved breakeven cash flow."

"Starlink is also now a majority of all active satellites and will have launched a majority of all satellites cumulatively from Earth by next year," he said at the time.

But according to a damning new report by Bloomberg, Musk may have once again rigged the numbers in his favor by greatly underplaying the costs involved in launching the satellites, when in reality the company is losing "hundreds of dollars on each of the millions of ground terminals it ships."

According to Bloomberg's sources, SpaceX's accounting was "more of an art than a science" and the much-hyped system isn't actually profitable, despite Musk's assurances.

The company has kept its financials close to its chest, especially while fundraising. During a March press conference, SpaceX CFO Bret Johnsen appeared cagey, telling reporters in a carefully worded comment that "I dont know that I want to quantify those numbers, but we are in positive cash flow and profitable territory for our satellite business now."

In short, is SpaceX's Starlink business cashflow positive, as Musk claims, or merely in "profitable territory"? The distinction could make all the difference for Musk's outsize plans for space colonization.

The mercurial CEO has long argued that the internet satellite broadband arm of his space company will provide the funding necessary to get humans to Mars. According to Bloomberg, Starlink represents more than half of SpaceX's revenue this year.

As of now, SpaceX has launched 5,600 satellites into low-Earth orbit and is planning to launch tens of thousands more.

Despite eclipsing the total number of all operating satellites in Earth's orbit, Starlink isn't just struggling to cut even. Experts are concerned that trying to provide the entire globe with internet via satellites instead of expanding coverage with cell towers where needed could prove difficult, with speeds already beginning to decrease in 2022.

In other words, SpaceX will have to pump out untold numbers of satellites to keep up with quickly growing bandwidth demands.

That's not all the bad news. According to Bloomberg, all major US airlines have rejected SpaceX's Starlink to provide internet service on flights, though an exact reason as to why remains unclear.

Nonetheless, SpaceX has exceeded expectations when it comes to generating revenue over the years. Sales could grow from $4.7 billion a year ago to $15 billion this year, per Bloomberg's sources.

SpaceX may end up spinning off its internet service with a potential IPO. But that's still years out, according to company officials.

More on Starlink: SpaceX Announces Plans to Set 100 Starlink Satellites on Fire

Follow this link:

There Appears to Be a Huge Problem With SpaceX's Starlink - Futurism

SpaceX launches the first Falcon booster 20 times – Space Explored

Image: SpaceX

Friday evening SpaceX launched a Starlink mission that while not newsworthy anymore, the booster it launched on was. B1062, first launched in 2020, has now reached the big 20 mission milestone.

While it took a bit longer than we expected after the destruction of B1058 on its return to port, SpaceX has hit that 20 mission milestone. Friday evening at 9:40 P.M. from SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida, SpaceX launched B1062 with 23 Starlink Gen 2 mini satellites on top.

B1062 first lifted off on November 5, 2020 with GPS III SV04 Sacagawea. Since then it has flown 13 Starlink missions (including the one from last night), eight astronauts, and various other commercial payloads, including Starlinks competitor OneWeb. Bring it to a grand total of 20 flights, once the believed limit of Falcon 9 boosters.

The booster performed like it came right out the SpaceX factory in Hawthorne. B1062, lofted its second stage and Starlink satellites on their intended trajectory before returning for a perfect landing on droneship A Shortfall of Gravitas.

Join our Discord Server: Join the community with forums and chatrooms about space!

When SpaceX first began reusing its first stage, many didnt think it was even possible. When it became possible, the hypothetical limits by Elon Musk was close to 10 or 15 launches. That was also at the time believed to be a big ask.

SpaceX is no longer advertising potential limits to how many times they can refly a booster before seeing any failures. There will be limits, and SpaceX intends to find them but dont have an idea as to when theyll show up.

Each booster goes through a rigorous refurbishment process before reflight. However, those process have come down in time it takes to finish, some boosters reflying in a matter of weeks. Its possible teams have already spotted failing points before flight and those booster see longer refurbishments but thats something well probably never hear about.

The knowledge gained with reusing Falcon is important for the companys new rocket, Starship. SpaceX hopes to launch Starship rockets on a near hourly bases, meaning those boosters and ships will quickly replace Falcon boosters in reflight records.

Starship may just be a few more flights away before beginning sending payloads to orbit. This will most likely begin with full size Starlink Gen 2 satellites, likely replacing the mini variations launch on Falcon 9s.

While it might be hard to believe, we could be reaching the conclusion of the Falcon 9s career (were talking years here not months), at least its commercial career. While its unknown how many customers will move from Falcons to Starship, the potential low cost for launch could mean the bulk switch over.

So does that mean well never know the limit of Falcon 9 boosters? Unsure, B1062 will probably fly a few more times this year, maybe its 21, or 25, or 50. Whatever it is, Starship will most likely be higher.

FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.

Continue reading here:

SpaceX launches the first Falcon booster 20 times - Space Explored

SpaceX successfully launches a batch of Starlink satellites Friday night – Yahoo! Voices

SpaceX successfully launches another batch of Starlink satellites into low-Earth orbit.

9:45 p.m. Update:

SpaceX successfully launched a Falcon 9 rocket carrying 23 Starlink satellites from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station around 9:40 p.m.

After liftoff and separation Falcon 9 lands on the A Shortfall of Gravitas droneship completing the first 20th launch and landing of a booster!

This boosters previous missions include GPS III Space Vehicle 04, GPS III Space Vehicle 05, Inspiration4, Ax-1, Nilesat 301, OneWeb Launch 17, ARABSAT BADR-8, and now 13

Original Story:

Liftoff is scheduled for Friday night at 9:22 p.m.

The Falcon 9 rocket carrying 23 Starlink satellites will blast off from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.

This is the 20th flight for the first stage booster supporting this mission, which previously launched GPS III Space Vehicle 04, GPS III Space Vehicle 05, Inspiration4, Ax-1, Nilesat 301, OneWeb Launch 17, ARABSAT BADR-8, and 12 Starlink missions.

Read: Only on 9: Channel 9 speaks with Madeline Sotos father

After stage separation, the first stage will land on the A Shortfall of Gravitas droneship, which will be stationed in the Atlantic Ocean.

Backup opportunities available until 12:48 a.m. ET on Saturday, April 13

Stay with Channel 9 for live coverage of the launch, and click here to watch live.

Click here to download our free news, weather and smart TV apps. And click here to stream Channel 9 Eyewitness News live.

More here:

SpaceX successfully launches a batch of Starlink satellites Friday night - Yahoo! Voices

Startup Looking to Launch Stadium-Sized Space Habitats on SpaceX – Futurism

A space startup called Max Space is looking to launch expandable, "stadium-sized" habitats into the Earth's orbit on board a SpaceX rocket by the end of the decade.

In theory, the startup's goal is straightforward. Its habitats are designed to give us as much room to live in space by minimizing the mass and volume of the payload required to be launched into space, a notoriously costly process.

"The problem with space today is, there isn't enough habitable space in space," said co-founder Aaron Kemmer in a statement. "Unless we make usable space in space a lot less expensive, and much larger, humanity's future in space will remain limited."

The one-year-old company's "scalable habitat" designs range from 20 cubic meters to a whopping 1,000, or 700 and 35,300 cubic feet respectively which would dwarf existing habitat concepts out there if they're launched in 2027 and 2030 as planned.

These habitats could not only float in the microgravity of orbit, the company says, but even be deployed on the surface of the Moon or even Mars.

"My dream is to have a city on the Moon before I die," Kemmer said. "So I look at this like, this is going to be the habitat, the structures, that are going to go inside the lava tubes buried under the [lunar] surface," Kemmer told Space.com.

That's all with a huge disclaimer, of course: it's a wildly ambitious plan and the company is bound to encounter plenty of obstacles along the way.

At least the startup's leadership has some existing experience to draw from. Kemmer co-founded Redwire Space (formerly Made in Space), a company that has sent several 3D-printing devices to the International Space Station to explore off-Earth manufacturing.

Making habitats inflatable has some key advantages, including a much smaller size that could squeeze into a rocket fairing.

The idea isn't exactly new. As Space.com points out, there are three inflatable space habitat modules orbiting the Earth right now, all of which were developed and built by Bigelow Aerospace, which has been pioneering the concept.

Max Space cofounder Maxim de Jong worked on the pressure-restraining hulls of two of these habitats at Canadian contractor Thin Red Line Aerospace.

The startup is hoping to bring costs down by using a new approach that's highly scalable, and launch its first off-Earth test a module roughly the size of two suitcases that expands into a volume of 700 cubic feet just two years from now, per Space.com.

If everything goes according to plan, the prototype could set a new record, ballooning past the volumes of all three inflatable habitats currently orbiting the Earth.

But Max Space isn't the only company looking to launch a new generation of expanding habitats into space.

Competitor Sierra Space has also been busy intentionally blowing up full-scale inflatable habitat prototypes on Earth, and is planning to start work on flight-ready hardware by mid-2026.

More on inflatable habitats: Full-Scale Prototype Space Habitat Explodes Under Pressure

Excerpt from:

Startup Looking to Launch Stadium-Sized Space Habitats on SpaceX - Futurism

SpaceX Planning Starlink 6-49 Launch Tonight, Which Will Make A Bit of History – Talk of Titusville

Representative Starlink launch on a Falcon 9 Photo: Charles Boyer / ToT

I recently said that covering Starlink launches is almost like covering Southwest Airlines daily flights from Orlando International Airport to Austin, Texas. Its not that watching a rocket launch is boring, it never is, it is simply that SpaceX is flying missions to add to its Starlink constellation so regularly that it has become a reliable and routine service thats much like, well, airline flights departing from the airport.

Tonight is such a launch, but this one comes with a big twist: it is the 20th flight of one of the companys fleet of Falcon 9 boosters, and that is a first not only for SpaceX but also for spaceflight globally.

That this historic occasion is happening with little fanfare is a testament to the technical comptence of SpaceX generally, and the Falcon 9 teams that refurbish and launch them from the Cape specifically.

And while the booster and fairings are regularly reused, it must also be pointed out that their second stages are not, and that means that SpaceXs factory in Hawthorne, California is creating not only the second stages at a torrid pace, they are also building Merlin Vacuum engines to power them as well. It is a job extremely well done by everyone, and it should be acknowledged as such by the spaceflight community generally.

23 Starlink satellites, to be used in SpaceXs orbital-based Internet service.

The 45th Weather Squadron is forecasting all but perfect weather for a launch attempt tonight, with even better conditions tomorrow. Liftoff winds have less than a 5% chance of creating a Range Violation Friday, meaning a better than 95% chance of acceptable conditions. On Saturday, even that slight concern has been removed from the 45ths forecast.

Falcon 9 will take a southeasterly direction tonight, as is customary for Group 6 Starlink missions.

Given that the flight is immediately offshore with no return to launch site, there will be no sonic boom from the launch this evening on the Space Coast.

Tonight is slated to be the 20th flight of Booster B1062, a first for SpaceX and for spaceflight anywhere. We cover the record of this historic booster here: SpaceX Booster To Launch For 20th Time Friday Night.

That next flight is of interest because last May, Bill Gerstenmaier, SpaceXs vice president of build and flight reliability, said in May [2023] that engineers were in the process of certifying Falcon 9 boosters for up to 20 flights for Starlink missions, according to a report by Stephen Clark at Ars Technica.

Later in 2023, Nate Janzen, manager of launch pad systems and operations for SpaceX at Vandenberg told Santa Barbara, Californias Noozhaek that Next year, SpaceX will re-evaluate and conduct analysis with an eye toward certifying the first-stage boosters for 25 to 30 flights. Whether or not that certification has been achieved as of yet will be an interesting bit of news to follow.

Per SpaceX, Following stage separation, the first stage will land on the A Shortfall of Gravitas droneship, which will be stationed in the Atlantic Ocean.

After touching down on A Shortfall of Gravitas, the booster will be returned to Port Canveral after a few days, where it will be offloaded and transported to SpaceXs Hangar X facility at Kennedy Space Center, where it will be inspected, refurbished and possibly prepared for another next flight.

1: this includes Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Starship Heavy Launches 2: Amos-6 is discounted due to a pad failure, not an in-flight anomoly

SpaceCoastLaunchCalendar.comwill have a livestream of the launch if youre not able to watch the launch in person:Livestream

SpaceX will have a livestream of the launch on their website: Starlink 6-49. This will also be available on the X platform.

Spaceflight Now will have coverage of the launch starting about one hour before liftoff on Youtube: link

This evenings planned launch is from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral, which means that the best direct views of liftoff are: Banana River Bridge on FL-528 Wnear Port Canaveral, or the southern parks on US-1 / S. Washington Avenuein Titusville. Kennedy Point Park and,Rotary Riverview Park (among others) are your best bets.

Cocoa Beach, Cocoa Beach Pier, Jetty Park Pier will have indirect views, meaning that liftoff will not be visible, but after the rocket clears the pad and any ground obstructions, you will be able to see Falcon 9 ascending clearly assuming there are no clouds between you and the rocket.

Being that the launch is in the evening, if you plan to attend in person, dont forget mosquito spray. Be prepared for potential pushes in the launch schedule, and keep up by monitoring the live stream links mentioned above.

View post:

SpaceX Planning Starlink 6-49 Launch Tonight, Which Will Make A Bit of History - Talk of Titusville

Bitcoin Halving: A History of Economics Shift & Financial Independence – Crypto Times

Bitcoin Halving, a much-anticipated event in the crypto ecosystem, is being monitored closely by crypto enthusiasts across the globe as the price of the super volatile currency Bitcoin (BTC) is expected to set new benchmarks.

A short history of halving has shown us that the price of BTC and other cryptocurrencies have grown exponentially in a short time post the halving event. Trade analysts say that the halving events have the potential to disrupt markets, surge or plunge digital currencies and bring a shift in the economics of the crypto ecosystem.

In this article, we look at the history of halving and how the events unfolded to take BTC to newer heights through bullish sentiments and innovations.

Halving is a programmed event where the reward for mining BTC gets slashed by 50% for every new block created by the miners. As per the algorithm developed by makers of BTC and blockchain technology, a total of 21 million BTCs could ever be generated and the fee for generating BTCs and creating blocks gets reduced by %)% every time a total of 2,10,000 blocks are formed, which usually takes four years. Such a mechanism was introduced to remain intact the scarce value of BTC through controlled demand and supply.

Since its launch in 2009, Bitcoin has experienced three halving events, occurring approximately every four years. The first was in 2012, followed by 2016, 2020, and the upcoming in 2024.

The first Bitcoin halving took place after the network had confirmed 210,000 blocks, resulting in miners rewards being reduced from 50 to 25 BTC per block. At the moment of the halving, Bitcoin was priced at approximately $12 in the market. Following the halving, a bullish trend emerged, propelling Bitcoins price to $1,000 by the subsequent year.

The second Bitcoin halving occurred on July 9, 2016, at block 420,000, reducing the block reward to 12.5 BTC, coinciding with a market price of around $650. Following this event, Bitcoin witnessed another significant surge in value, with its price soaring to almost $20,000 within the subsequent 18 months, marking an extraordinary increase of 3,000%.

Following the third Bitcoin halving on May 11, 2020, occurring at block 630,000 and reducing the block reward to 6.25 BTC, the cryptocurrency demonstrated remarkable resilience amidst global economic uncertainty, with its price experiencing a surge. By April 2021, Bitcoin surpassed $69,000, reflecting an impressive 690% increase from its pre-halving value, which was approximately $9,000.

The upcoming fourth halving of Bitcoin is expected to occur on 19th April 2024, marked by the 840,000th block and a reward reduced to 3.125 BTC. At the current trading price of approximately $70,000, there is anticipation for a substantial surge in value post-halving.

Although the exact price surge is challenging to predict, historical patterns suggest a significant upward momentum, potentially propelling Bitcoin to new highs, with projections ranging from surpassing $100,000 to reaching $200,000 in the subsequent years, fueled by increasing institutional adoption and mainstream acceptance.

Based on the historical data available, there appears to be a diminishing rate of increase in Bitcoins price following each halving event, with the growth rate reducing by a factor of approximately 3.5 to 3.9 compared to the previous halving cycle.

Applying this observed pattern, one might infer that for the 2024 halving, Bitcoins price could potentially experience an uptick of around 200% from its trough.

However, its essential to recognize that past performance is not indicative of future results, and various factors can influence Bitcoins price dynamics, including market sentiment, adoption trends, regulatory developments, and macroeconomic conditions.

Presently, the circulating supply of Bitcoins exceeds 19 million, leaving less than 2 million BTC to be mined before reaching the maximum cap of 21 million. Nevertheless, due to the mechanism of Bitcoin halving, the process of mining these remaining 2 million Bitcoins will extend over approximately a century.

The final Bitcoin halving is projected to occur in the year 2140, coinciding with the completion of the mining of the entire 21 million BTC supply.

As we near Bitcoins fourth halving, the crypto community is on the edge, eagerly waiting for the changes it will bring. With each halving, Bitcoin solidifies its status as the digital equivalent of gold, its limited supply mirroring that of precious metals.

History shows us that after these events, Bitcoin often experiences dramatic price increases, challenging traditional market rules. But beyond its financial gains, Bitcoin represents something more profound: a decentralized ideal, offering financial freedom in an uncertain world.

As we look ahead to the post-2024 halving landscape, one thing is clear: Bitcoins story is just beginning. Its a testament to human innovation, a revolutionary force capable of reshaping economies, empowering individuals, and transforming our understanding of money itself.

Visit link:

Bitcoin Halving: A History of Economics Shift & Financial Independence - Crypto Times

Pharmacogenomic studyA pilot study of the effect of pharmacogenomic phenotypes on the adequate dosing of … – Nature.com

Burch R, Rizzoli P, Loder E. The prevalence and impact of migraine and severe headache in the United States: Updated age, sex, and socioeconomic-specific estimates from government health surveys. Headache. 2021;61:608.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Collaborators. GDaIIaP. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 19902015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388:1545602.

Article Google Scholar

Burch RC, Buse DC, Lipton RB. Migraine: Epidemiology, burden, and comorbidity. Neurol Clin. 2019;37:63149.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Blumenfeld AM, Bloudek LM, Becker WJ, Buse DC, Varon SF, Maglinte GA, et al. Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation of prophylactic medications for episodic migraine and chronic migraine: results from the second international burden of migraine study (IBMS-II). Headache. 2013;53:64455.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Matharu MS, Boes CJ, Goadsby PJ. Management of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and hemicrania continua. Drugs. 2003;63:163777.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Robbins MS, Starling AJ, Pringsheim TM, Becker WJ, Schwedt TJ. Treatment of Cluster Headache: The American Headache Society Evidence-Based Guidelines. Headache. 2016;56:1093106.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Burch R. Preventive migraine treatment. Continuum. 2021;27:61332.

PubMed Google Scholar

Wu JW, Yang CP. 2022 Taiwan Guidelines for Preventive Treatment of Migraine. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2022;31:164202.

Google Scholar

Silberstein SD, Holland S, Freitag F, Dodick DW, Argoff C, Ashman E. Evidence-based guideline update: pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of. Neurol Am Headache Soc Neurol 2012;78:133745.

CAS Google Scholar

Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Piekut T, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Migraine: Calcium Channels and Glia. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:2688.

Di Stefano V, Rispoli MG, Pellegrino N, Graziosi A, Rotondo E, Napoli C, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hemiplegic migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91:76471.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Solomon GD, Steel JG, Spaccavento LJ. Verapamil prophylaxis of migraine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. JAMA. 1983;250:25002.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Yu W, Horowitz SH. Treatment of sporadic hemiplegic migraine with calcium-channel blocker verapamil. Neurology. 2003;60:1201.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Petersen AS, Barloese MCJ, Snoer A, Soerensen AMS, Jensen RH. Verapamil and cluster headache: still a mystery. a narrative review of efficacy, mechanisms and perspectives. Headache. 2019;59:1198211.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Gabai IJ, Spierings EL. Prophylactic treatment of cluster headache with verapamil. Headache. 1989;29:1678.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Jnsdttir M, Meyer JS, Rogers RL. Efficacy, side effects and tolerance compared during headache treatment with three different calcium blockers. Headache. 1987;27:3649.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Fotuhi M, Glaun B, Quan SY, Sofare T. Vestibular migraine: a critical review of treatment trials. J Neurol. 2009;256:7116.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Pomes LM, Guglielmetti M, Bertamino E, Simmaco M, Borro M, Martelletti P. Optimising migraine treatment: from drug-drug interactions to personalized medicine. J Headache Pain. 2019;20:56.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Cutrer FM, Moyer AM, Atkinson EJ, Wang L, Tian S, Wu Y, et al. Genetic variants related to successful migraine prophylaxis with verapamil. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2021;9:e1680.

Busse D, Cosme J, Beaune P, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharm. 1995;353:11621.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Jin Y, Wang YH, Miao J, Li L, Kovacs RJ, Marunde R, et al. Cytochrome P450 3A5 genotype is associated with verapamil response in healthy subjects. Clin Pharm Ther. 2007;82:57985.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Kroemer HK, Gautier JC, Beaune P, Henderson C, Wolf CR, Eichelbaum M. Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharm. 1993;348:3327.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Tracy TS, Korzekwa KR, Gonzalez FJ, Wainer IW. Cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in metabolism of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil. Br J Clin Pharm. 1999;47:54552.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Zhao LM, He XJ, Qiu F, Sun YX, Li-Ling J. Influence of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil among healthy Chinese Han ethnic subjects. Br J Clin Pharm. 2009;68:395401.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Borlak J, Walles M, Levsen K, Thum T. Verapamil: metabolism in cultures of primary human coronary arterial endothelial cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003;31:88891.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Zhou Y, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Lauschke VM. Worldwide distribution of Cytochrome P450 Alleles: A meta-analysis of population-scale sequencing projects. Clin Pharm Ther. 2017;102:688700.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Amitriptyline [package insert]. Prinston, NJ: Sandoz Inc.; 2014.

PAMELOR (nortriptyline) [package insert]. Hazelwood, MO: Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; 2019.

EFFEXOR XR (venlafaxine) [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Pfizer; 2021.

Hicks JK, Sangkuhl K, Swen JJ, Ellingrod VL, Mller DJ, Shimoda K, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline (CPIC) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants: 2016 update. Clin Pharm Ther. 2017;102:3744.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Jiang F, Kim HD, Na HS, Lee SY, Seo DW, Choi JY, et al. The influences of CYP2D6 genotypes and drug interactions on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine: exploring predictive biomarkers for treatment outcomes. Psychopharmacology. 2015;232:1899909.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

The Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association-Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG). Dutch guidelines August 2019 update.

CALAN SR (verapamil) [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer; 2019.

Fuhr U, Mller-Peltzer H, Kern R, Lopez-Rojas P, Jnemann M, Harder S, et al. Effects of grapefruit juice and smoking on verapamil concentrations in steady state. Eur J Clin Pharm. 2002;58:4553.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Benowitz NL, Peng M, Jacob P 3rd. Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on chlorzoxazone and caffeine metabolism. Clin Pharm Ther. 2003;74:46874.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Bauer M, Karch R, Zeitlinger M, Philippe C, Rmermann K, Stanek J, et al. Approaching complete inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the human blood-brain barrier: an (R)-[11C]verapamil PET study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35:7436.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Sensitivity and specificity of the new international diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:2127.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Kelman L. The aura: a tertiary care study of 952 migraine patients. Cephalalgia. 2004;24:72834.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Read the rest here:
Pharmacogenomic studyA pilot study of the effect of pharmacogenomic phenotypes on the adequate dosing of ... - Nature.com

VA Pharmacogenomics Program Offers Opportunity For Safer, More Effective Medication Therapy – Veterans Affairs

The Cincinnati VA Medical Center (CVAMC) now offers Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing for Veterans enrolled in VA health care.

The pharmacogenomics testing for veterans (PHASER) program gives you the opportunity to work with VA providers on determining which medications are most effective for you based on your genetics, and it only requires one blood test.

What is the PHASER program and how does it benefit me?

The PHASER program supports free PGx testing for Veterans. PGx testing under the PHASER program can help reduce medication trial and error and hospitalizations caused by adverse reactions to medicines. The PHASER program can be utilized within multiple areas of care, including mental health, pain management, infectious disease, oncology, cardiology, gastroenterology, transplant specialty (immunology), and more with continuous expansion into other specialties and medications.

What is Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and how do I pronounce it?

Pharmacogenomics (PGx), pronounced far-ma-CO-gen-o-MIX, uses information from genes to assist in understanding how a person responds to medicines. Genes are part of DNA that provides instructions on how the body develops and functions. Because people have differences in their genes, they may respond to medicines differently.

What is PGx testing?

PGx testing is a type of genetic testing that focuses on how your body processes or responds to medicines. Along with other medical information, PGx test results help providers determine if there is a better type of medication or dose for an individual.

Will PGx testing inform me of my risk for any diseases?

The PGx test may identify an increased risk for certain, uncommon, health conditions that were passed down to you from your parents. In this case, you and your provider will be informed, and your provider will talk to you about what (if any) next steps are recommended.

What are the limitations of PGx testing?

Genetics illuminates only part of a persons story. Other considerations like age, overall health, other medicines, and body size also play a role in how you respond to medication.

Is there harm associated with PGx testing?

A blood draw is all you need to have PGx testing done. Like other tests that require blood draws, PGx testings risk is low.

Is PGx testing available to me?[BSJV1]

Currently, Veterans who receive health care at Cincinnati VAMC and other participating VA facilities, can get PGx testing done. Talk to your VA provider(s) about PGx testing. They will explain the test, answer any questions you or your caregiver have, and if you are interested in moving forward, your provider will order the test for you.

How do I get the test done?

PGx testing requires a blood draw, which you can get done at the VA.

How long does it take to receive my results?

It may take up to 2 weeks for results to be available for you and your provider. You will receive an easy to read report that you can discuss with your provider(s) to see if changes are necessary. Do not change any medications prior to talking to your provider(s).

Next steps

Veterans interested in the PHASER program should contact their primary care provider to discuss PGx testing.

For more information about the PHASER program and PGx testing, click here.

Here is the original post:
VA Pharmacogenomics Program Offers Opportunity For Safer, More Effective Medication Therapy - Veterans Affairs

French sales subsidiary of Japanese pharma firm Eisai divests rights of neurology drugs for 56.5 M – BSA bureau

Japan headquartered pharma company Eisai Co. has announced that its French sales subsidiary Eisai S.A.S. has entered into an agreement to transfer the rights in France, the French Overseas Territories and Algeria (the Territory for the antipsychotic, Loxapac (generic name: loxapine) and the Parkinson's disease treatment ParkinaneLP (generic name: trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride) to CNX Therapeutics, based in UK.

Following the signature of this agreement, a transition period had opened during which the required implementation steps will be carried out in order for CNX to become able to operate directly the business, including the regulatory steps for the transfer of the relevant marketing authorisations andexploitantstatus.

Under the terms of the agreement, Eisai S.A.S. will receive 56.5 million euro as a lump-sum contract payment upon completing the transaction. Eisai anticipates no changes to its consolidated financial forecast for the period ending March 31, 2024.

Eisai S.A.S. acquired the rights to both treatments in the Territory in July 2002 and has been marketing them since. With the conclusion of this agreement, Eisai believes that the value of both treatments in the Territory will be maximised based on CNXs ongoing commitment serving patients in to the fields of psychiatry and neurology.

Here is the original post:
French sales subsidiary of Japanese pharma firm Eisai divests rights of neurology drugs for 56.5 M - BSA bureau

Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center Receives $2.2 Million Research Grant to … – Newswise

Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center announced today that it has been awarded a major research grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, to study a novel approach on whether the blocking of formation of Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) provides better outcomes after a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The five-year award of $2,213,750 is part of the highly competitive NIH extramural grant application process that recognizes innovative scientific projects. NIH-funded research has led to scientific breakthroughs and new treatments that help people live longer, healthier lives.

The NIH grant will fund a project entitled Neutrophil Extracellular Traps And Associated Pathogenesis In TBI: A Novel Peptide Therapeutic Strategy proposed by Mohammed Abdul Muneer, MSc, PhD, Research Scientist & Principal Investigator, Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center, and Associate Professor of Neurology at the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine.

The work hypothesizes that inhibition of peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4), an enzyme required for NET formation, using PAD4 antagonistic peptide (PAP), will attenuate the formation of NET, NET-induced thrombosis, and will promote neovascularization and functional recovery after TBI.

We are honored to receive this prestigious NIH grant, said Gregory J. Przybylski, M.D., MBA, chairman, Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center, and Professor of Neurosurgery at the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine. I congratulate Dr. Muneer and his team for this incredible achievement. This is yet another research grant that he has received from the NIH. It is a testament to his hard work, dedication, and leadership in the neuroscience field.

The Muneer lab at the Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center seeks to demonstrate a unique therapeutic strategy for TBI focusing on the activation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils that cause the release of nuclear and granular contents to form an extensive web-like structure of DNA called neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). In TBI, the mechanism of injury-induced formation of NET and its mechanistic regulatory role in thrombosis have remained elusive. Moreover, it is unclear whether blocking NET formation provides better outcomes after TBI. Therefore, Dr. Muneers novel research efforts to suppress the formation of NET will provide critical information potentially supporting a valuable new therapeutic strategy to enhance functional recovery following TBI.

My research team and I will study an approach to suppressing the formation of NET, which may be a valuable therapeutic strategy, and analyze the efficacy of the therapy in the functional recovery level after TBI, said Dr. Muneer.

The Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center has been in existence for over 30 years, said Gay Holstein, PhD, translation research, Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center. We are honored to receive this research grant and look forward to the findings.

TBI is such an omnipresent problem, its critical to have our talented researchers findings new ways to improve and lengthen lives for this significant patient population, said Ihor Sawczuk, M.D., FACS, president of Academics, Research, and Innovation at Hackensack MeridianHealth, founding chair of the Hackensack MeridianHealthResearch Institute, and associate dean of Clinical Integration and professor and chair emeritus of Urology at the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine.

Link:
Hackensack Meridian Neuroscience Institute at JFK University Medical Center Receives $2.2 Million Research Grant to ... - Newswise

SK Life Science Announces Data Presentations for XCOPRI (cenobamate tablets) CV at the 2024 American Academy … – InvestorsObserver

PARAMUS, N.J. , April 9, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- SK Life Science, Inc. , a U.S. pharmaceutical company in pursuit of developing treatments that will change the future of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, today announced the schedule for two oral and six poster presentations at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting taking place April 1318, 2024, virtually and in-person in Denver, Colorado . The data includes a study examining the relative bioavailability of cenobamate as an intact or crushed tablet administered either orally or via nasogastric tube, and a retrospective claims-based analysis comparing the effectiveness of cenobamate in reducing hospitalizations among patients with focal-onset seizures.

"We are looking forward to sharing data on the use and administration of XCOPRI in adults with partial-onset (focal) seizures at this year's AAN meeting," said Louis Ferrari , RPh, MBA, vice president, Medical Affairs. "At SK Life Science we are continually conducting research that will help healthcare professionals and equip them with the information they need to care for patients living with the challenges of epilepsy. We continue to do this via ongoing research, relevant post-hoc analyses, and the publication of real-world data on the use of cenobamate in the U.S. and globally."

Abstracts are available online on the AAN meeting website here and on site at booth #1262. The schedule of oral and poster presentations is detailed below.

Oral Presentations

Title: Comparative Effectiveness of Cenobamate in Reducing Hospitalizations in Patients with Focal-Onset Seizures: A Retrospective Claims-Based Analysis (Urban et al) Session: S29: Epilepsy Diagnostics and Therapeutics Date: Wednesday, April 17 Time: 1:24 PM

Title: Relative Bioavailability of Cenobamate 200 mg Administered as a Crushed Tablet, Either Orally or via Nasogastric Tube, vs an Intact 200-mg Cenobamate Tablet (Vashi et al) Session: S29: Epilepsy Diagnostics and Therapeutics Date: Wednesday, April 17 Time: 1:36 PM

Poster Presentations

Title: Effectiveness Of Cenobamate in Pediatric Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Retrospective Claims-based Analysis (Keough et al) Session: P1: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Pediatric Epilepsy 1 Date: Sunday, April 14 Time: 8:00 9:00 AM

Title: Effectiveness Of Cenobamate in Pediatric Patients with Intractable Focal Seizures: A Retrospective Claims-based Analysis (Labiner et al) Session: P2: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Pediatric Epilepsy 2 Date: Sunday, April 14 Time: 11:45 AM 12:45 PM

Title: Increased Incidence of Comorbidities in Patients with Uncontrolled Epilepsy (Faught et al) Session: P4: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Epilepsy Co-morbidities and Special Populations Date: Monday, April 15 Time: 11:45 AM 12:45 PM

Title: Effectiveness Of Cenobamate in Postsurgical Patients: A Retrospective Claims-based Analysis (Pellinen et al) Session: P8: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Anti-seizure Medications: Clinical Trials and Outcomes Date: Tuesday: April 16 Time: 5:30 6:30 PM

Title: Cenobamate Use as Monotherapy: A Retrospective Claims-based Analysis (Becker et al) Session: P8: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Anti-seizure Medications: Clinical Trials and Outcomes Date: Tuesday, April 16 Time: 5:30 6:30 PM

Title: Dose Reduction Timing for Concomitant Antiseizure Medications: Post-hoc Analysis of a Phase 3, Open-label Study Of Cenobamate For Treatment Of Uncontrolled Focal Seizures (Ferrari et al) Session: P8: Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG): Anti-seizure Medications: Clinical Trials and Outcomes Date: Tuesday, April 16 Time: 5:30 6:30 PM

AboutXCOPRI (cenobamatetablets) CV Cenobamateis an antiseizure medication (ASM) discovered and developed by SK Biopharmaceuticals and SK Life Science. While theprecise mechanism by whichcenobamateexerts its therapeutic effect is unknown, it is believed toreduce repetitive neuronal firing by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium currents. It is also a positive allosteric modulator of the -aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) ion channel.

Cenobamateis approved in the United States for the treatment ofpartial-onset seizures inadults andis available under the brand name XCOPRI (cenobamatetablets) CV.Cenobamatecan be combined with other ASMs or used alone.The recommended initial dosage ofcenobamateis 12.5 mg once-daily, with titration every two weeks; it is available in six tablet strengths for once-daily dosing: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg.

Cenobamateis also approved in the European Union and the United Kingdomfor the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset (partial-onset) seizures with or without secondary generalization in adult patients with seizuresthathave not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least two anti-epileptic medicinalproductsand is marketed by Angelini Pharma under the brand nameONTOZRY .

Additionally,cenobamateis in clinical development in Asia . Ono Pharmaceutical and Ignis Therapeutics have the rights to develop and commercializecenobamatein Japan and in the Greater China region, respectively.SK Biopharmaceuticals has recently entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with Endo for cenobamate in Canada .

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION AND INDICATION FOR XCOPRI (cenobamate tablets) CV

DO NOT TAKE XCOPRI IF YOU:

XCOPRI CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING:

Allergic reactions: XCOPRI can cause serious skin rash or other serious allergic reactions which may affect organs and other parts of your body like the liver or blood cells. You may or may not have a rash with these types of reactions. Call your healthcare provider right away and go to the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: swelling of your face, eyes, lips, or tongue, trouble swallowing or breathing, a skin rash, hives, fever, swollen glands, or sore throat that does not go away or comes and goes, painful sores in the mouth or around your eyes, yellowing of your skin or eyes, unusual bruising or bleeding, severe fatigue or weakness, severe muscle pain, frequent infections, or infections that do not go away. Take XCOPRI exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. It is very important to increase your dose of XCOPRI slowly, as instructed by your healthcare provider.

QT shortening: XCOPRI may cause problems with the electrical system of the heart (QT shortening). Call your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of QT shortening including fast heartbeat (heart palpitations) that last a long time or fainting.

Suicidal behavior and ideation: Antiepileptic drugs, including XCOPRI, may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Call your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: thoughts about suicide or dying; attempting to commit suicide; new or worse depression, anxiety, or irritability; feeling agitated or restless; panic attacks; trouble sleeping (insomnia); acting aggressive; being angry or violent; acting on dangerous impulses; an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania); or other unusual changes in behavior or mood.

Nervous system problems: XCOPRI may cause problems that affect your nervous system. Symptoms of nervous system problems include: dizziness, trouble walking or with coordination, feeling sleepy and tired, trouble concentrating, remembering, and thinking clearly, and vision problems. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how XCOPRI affects you .

Do not drink alcohol or take other medicines that can make you sleepy or dizzy while taking XCOPRI without first talking to your healthcare provider.

DISCONTINUATION:

Do not stop taking XCOPRI without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping XCOPRI suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping seizure medicine suddenly in a patient who has epilepsy can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus).

DRUG INTERACTIONS:

XCOPRI may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how XCOPRI works. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. Tell healthcare providers about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:

XCOPRI may cause your birth control medicine to be less effective. Talk to your health care provider about the best birth control method to use.

Talk to your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if XCOPRI will harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant while taking XCOPRI. You and your healthcare provider will decide if you should take XCOPRI while you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking XCOPRI, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the safety of antiepileptic medicine during pregnancy. You can enroll in this registry by calling 1-888-233-2334 or go to http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org .

Talk to your health care provider if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if XCOPRI passes into breastmilk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby while taking XCOPRI.

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:

The most common side effects in patients taking XCOPRI include dizziness, sleepiness, headache, double vision, and feeling tired.

These are not all the possible side effects of XCOPRI. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch .

DRUG ABUSE:

XCOPRI is a federally controlled substance (CV) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep XCOPRI in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away XCOPRI may harm others and is against the law.

INDICATION:

XCOPRI is a prescription medicine used to treat partial-onset seizures in adults 18 years of age and older. It is not known if XCOPRI is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.

Please see additional patient information in the Medication Guide . This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your condition or your treatment.

Please see full Prescribing Information .

About Epilepsy

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder. Approximately 3.4 million people are living with epilepsy in the United States , with 150,000 new cases each year in the country. 1,2 Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. The seizures in epilepsy may be related to a brain injury or a family tendency, but often the cause is completely unknown. Having seizures and epilepsy can affect one's safety, relationships, work, driving, and much more. 3,4 People with epilepsy are at risk for accidents and other health complications, including falling, drowning, depression and sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). 3,4 Despite the availability of many antiepileptic therapies, almost 40 percent of people with epilepsy are not able to achieve seizure freedom, meaning they have epilepsy that remains uncontrolled. 5

About SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. and SK Life Science, Inc.

SK Biopharmaceuticals and its U.S. subsidiary SK Life Science are pharmaceutical companies focused on the research, development, and commercialization of treatments for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and oncology. In 2017, SK Biopharmaceuticals established a research center to begin its expansion into oncology through research and development efforts. The companies have a pipeline of eight compounds in development in both CNS disorders and oncology. Additionally, SK Biopharmaceuticals is focused on the discovery of new treatments in oncology. For more information, visit SK Biopharmaceuticals' website at http://www.skbp.com/eng and SK Life Science's website at http://www.SKLifeScienceInc.com .

Both SK Biopharmaceuticals and SK Life Science are part of SK Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Korea. SK Inc., the parent company of SK Biopharmaceuticals, continues to enhance its portfolio value by executing long-term investments with a number of competitive subsidiaries in various business areas, including pharmaceuticals and life science, energy and chemicals, information and telecommunication, and semiconductors. In addition, SK Inc. is focused on reinforcing its growth foundations through profitable and practical management based on financial stability, while raising its enterprise value by investing in new future growth businesses.

References

View original content to download multimedia: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sk-life-science-announces-data-presentations-for-xcopri-cenobamate-tablets-cv-at-the-2024-american-academy-of-neurology-annual-meeting-302110843.html

SOURCE SK Life Science, Inc.

Read more here:
SK Life Science Announces Data Presentations for XCOPRI (cenobamate tablets) CV at the 2024 American Academy ... - InvestorsObserver

Support for network theories of schizophrenia – Nature.com

Hoff, P. Eugen Bleulers concept of schizophrenia and its relevance to present-day psychiatry. Neuropsychobiology 66, 613 (2012).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Di Biase, M. A. et al. Cell type-specific manifestations of cortical thickness heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 27, 20522060 (2022).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gaser, C., Nenadic, I., Buchsbaum, B. R., Hazlett, E. A. & Buchsbaum, M. S. Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia related to volume reduction of the thalamus, striatum, and superior temporal cortex. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 154156 (2004).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Georgiadis, F. et al. Connectome architecture shapes large-scale cortical alterations in schizophrenia: a worldwide ENIGMA study. Mol. Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02442-7 (2024).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

van den Heuvel, M. P. & Sporns, O. Network hubs in the human brain. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17, 683696 (2013).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Shafiei, G. et al. Spatial patterning of tissue volume loss in schizophrenia reflects brain network architecture. Biol. Psychiatry 87, 727735 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

van Erp, T. G., Walton, E., Hibar, D. & Richter, A. Cortical abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Biol. Psychiatry 84, 644654 (2018).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bullmore, E. T., Frangou, S. & Murray, R. M. The dysplastic net hypothesis: an integration of developmental and dysconnectivity theories of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 28, 143156 (1997).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Berdenis van Berlekom, A. et al. Synapse pathology in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of postsynaptic elements in postmortem brain studies. Schizophr. Bull. 46, 374386 (2020).

PubMed Google Scholar

Menon, V. Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15, 483506 (2011).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Read the rest here:
Support for network theories of schizophrenia - Nature.com

Quality of Life in MG – Neurology Live

This is a video synopsis/summary of a panel discussion involving James Howard, MD; Nicholas Silvestri, MD, FAAN; Tuan Vu, MD; Ali Habib, MD; and Beth Stein, MD.

The discussion delves into the administration of treatments for myasthenia gravis (MG), emphasizing its impact on patients' quality of life. Traditionally, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been the go-to therapy for disease exacerbations, but this paradigm is shifting with the emergence of newer therapies, each with its own unique administration methods.

The insidious progression of MG often sets a new normal for patients, leading them to attribute symptoms to aging rather than disease progression. Physicians must engage patients in conversations about the risks and benefits of trying new treatments, challenging the notion that certain limitations are solely due to age.

Moreover, as MG symptoms are brought under control, it's crucial not to attribute every symptom to the disease itself. Patients may have other comorbidities contributing to their symptoms, requiring a comprehensive approach to management.

The term "refractory" is controversial, with physicians acknowledging that almost every patient responds to some degree of treatment. However, there's a push to redefine success in MG management, aiming for optimal control with minimal side effects.

Physicians note varying experiences with treatment efficacy, influenced by factors like patient demographics and practice settings. With the goal of achieving no symptoms and minimal adverse events, the consensus is that a significant portion of patients can achieve better outcomes with current therapies. Practice settings may influence success rates, with university-based practices potentially encountering more complex cases.

Overall, the conversation highlights the need for a patient-centered approach to MG management, with an emphasis on individualized treatment plans and realistic expectations for outcomes.

Video synopsis is AI-generated and reviewed by NeurologyLive editorial staff.

More here:
Quality of Life in MG - Neurology Live

Insights for Future Adult BMD Clinical Trials: Detecting Disease Progression via Muscle MRI, Clinical, and PROs – Physician’s Weekly

The following is a summary of Lessons for future clinical trials in adults with Becker muscular dystrophy: Disease progression detected by muscle magnetic resonance imaging, clinical and patient-reported outcome measures, published in the March 2024 issue of Neurology by Wel et al.

Researchers started a retrospective study to address the gap in outcome measure evaluation for adult Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), a disease with variable progression.

They assessed muscle MRI, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and various clinical measures (Motor Function Measurement (MFM), muscle strength, and timed-function tests) in 21 adults diagnosed with BMD at the beginning of the study and at 9 and 18 months into the follow-up period.

The results showed a significant increase in proton density fat fraction in 10 out of 17 thigh muscles after 9 months and in all thigh and lower leg muscles after 18 months. The 32-item MFM-32 scale showed a decrease of 1.3% (P=0.017), North Star Ambulatory Assessment decreased by 1.3 points (P=0.010), and the patient-reported activity limitations scale deteriorated by 0.3 logits (P=0.018) after 9 months. After 18 months, the 6-minute walk distance decreased by 28.7 meters (P=0.042), 10-meter walking test decreased by 0.1 meters per second (P=0.032), time to climb four stairs test decreased by 0.03 meters per second (P=0.028), and Biodex peak torque measurements of quadriceps decreased by 4.6 Nm (P=0.014) and hamstrings by 5.0 Nm (P=0.019). MFM-32 domain 1 had the highest sensitivity to change, with a standardized response mean of 1.15.

Investigators concluded that whole-thigh PDFF MRI was sensitive to BMD muscle fat changes and that MFM-32 was the most responsive clinical measure.

Source: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ene.16282

Here is the original post:
Insights for Future Adult BMD Clinical Trials: Detecting Disease Progression via Muscle MRI, Clinical, and PROs - Physician's Weekly