Joe Lycett trolls Liz Truss again after becoming next PM: ‘Smashed it babe’ – PinkNews

Joe Lycett sarcastically congratualted Liz Truss for the win. (Getty)

Joe Lycett has continued his satirical reign of terror after Liz Truss was confirmed as Britains next prime minister.

Lycett made the front page of the Daily Mail on Monday morning (5 September), hours before Truss was confirmed as the new Tory leader and incoming PM, over his sarcastic appearance on the BBCs Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg.

After Truss was interviewed by Kuenssberg, Lycett left the host stunned by insisting that while left-wing voices might dismiss Truss as the backwash of the available [Tory] MPs, he would never say that because he is incredibly right-wing.

He continued his bit afterTruss win was announced, excitedly congratulating her in a tweet so tongue-in-cheek he could have poked a hole through his lip.

Yes [Liz Truss] absolutely smashed it babe! he wrote, and fans revelledin the passive-aggression.

Some users took the chance to lambast the newly-appointed Conservative leaders victory speech, in which she promised voting members that we will deliver, we will deliver, we will deliver, and we will deliver a great victory for the Conservative Party in 2024.

Im feeling like she will deliver, one user wrote. Maybe deliver some more and then deliver after that. Not sure what shes delivering. But Im guessing it will be like when a Royal Mail person pops a red card in the door, yet hasnt actually knocked.

While many gleefully played along with Joe Lycetts hilarious concept of being a Liz Truss supporter, the nihilism of having a Conservative leader who has failed to produce any plans on the cost of living crisis and has denied trans women are womenseemed too overwhelming to fake.

Smashed what? The economy? Workers rights? Hope? Our futures? one user said, while another added: And now shes going to smash the country. Yay.

It comes after Joe Lycetts jabs at the Conservative party during a guest spot on Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg.

After Truss gave her only interview of the leadership race to Kuenssberg, Lycett was heard cheering on the soon-to-be prime minister.

He later explained, with an air of irony so thick you could barely see the coy grin forming on his face:I know theres been criticism in theThe Mail on Sunday today about leftie liberal wokie comedians on the BBC.Im actually very right wing and I love it. I thought she gave great clear answers. I know exactly what shes up to.

After the Mail dedicated its front page to criticising his appearance on the show, Lycett responded in a tweet, saying: Ill be off to the framers in the morning.

Since then, right-wing outrage has been in full force over Lycetts jokes. Daily Express political editor Sam Lister reportedly wrote an enraged piece calling out the British comedian for the television spot, calling him a loose cannon comedian.

Meanwhile, GB News commentator Darren Grimes tweeted his own outrage, saying: The BBC offered us the opinions of comedian Joe Lycett and Emily Thornberry for the launch of their flagship political programme this morning. Riiiiiiiiight.

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Joe Lycett trolls Liz Truss again after becoming next PM: 'Smashed it babe' - PinkNews

PERSPECTIVE: Projected Hate: Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and …

It is no secret that white supremacist groups are racist, antisemitic, Islamophobic, and xenophobic. They are also violently homophobic and transphobic. Indeed, sexual orientation and gender identity is the third most common hate crime motivation, behind race, ethnicity, and nationality and religion, with 171 hate crime offenders being motivated by transphobia or homophobia since 1990. This trend is unsurprising when one considers that white supremacists are often conservative Christians who condemn anything but binary sexual identities and extol traditional sex roles for men and women. Additionally, one of the most famous white supremacist slogans, We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children, implies a requirement for heterosexual sex for the purpose of procreation and, in the eyes of white supremacists, strict gender binaries wherein women are responsible for producing and raising the future generations. White supremacists also tend to portray gay men and transgender women, in particular, as being predators who groom children for pedophilia. Therefore, white supremacists ire is directed at the LGBTQ+ community in general and specifically white people within it who are viewed as sexually perverted, a danger to their children, and as failing to do their duty to the race (i.e., maintaining traditional family values and procreating). Of course, all of these hateful ideas are incorporated into these groups overarching ideology which directs most of its hate toward Jews, positing that when Jews are not conducting the great replacement through immigration and interracial marriage, they are doing so by perverting culture and promoting homosexuality and gender fluidity. According to some white supremacist ideologies, turning white men gay also makes them easier to control.

It may be surprising, then, for the outside observer to learn that many far-right violent extremist groups advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and even have openly LGBTQ+ leaders or have embraced certain public faces identifying with the LGBTQ+ community. For example, Milo Yiannopoulos, who has decried feminazis as breaking down (white) male hegemony, is gay and claims Jewish ancestry as well. Indeed, doing so allows these violent groups to mainstream their racist claims and at the same time degrade and demonize cultures they view as backward, namely Islam. Similarly, whereas white supremacist groups typically view women as breeders who should be valued only as wives and mothers, many far-right, ultra-nationalist groups are led by women who feel empowered, albeit often because they feel as though they are exceptional and special in being respected by otherwise misogynistic men. Notably, ISIS, too, engaged in strict enforcement of traditional gender roles as a means of subjugating women while making them feel empowered in their decision to adhere to the strictest interpretation of their religion.

Whether they must hide their true identities for fear of harassment or outright assault, or have their identities exploited for the purpose of degrading and dehumanizing others, there seems to be strong reason for members of the LGBTQ community to steer clear of white supremacism and the alt-right. Yet their participation is not uncommon, particularly among white, cisgender gay men who are perceived as substandard allies, provided they are deemed to be sufficiently masculine and reject all aspects of gay culture, including having a family. Indeed, an unattached gay white man can be seen as having no familial responsibilities and thus having more time and energy to devote to the white supremacist cause. They are even more valuable to these groups if they are antifeminist and willing to verbally abuse women.

The question remains, then, as to why someone who identifies as LGBTQ+ would participate in such a group or movement, if doing so would require them to either hide their identity (to remain in the closet) or to use their identity to hurt others, including to hurt other LGBTQ+ people. Our research using in-depth psychological interviews with 51 current and former members of far-right, white supremacist, and hate groups, five of whom identified as being part of the LGBTQ+ community, participating in white supremacism may be a defense mechanism against negative thoughts about oneself internalized homophobia and transphobia arising out of cultural or familial norms that are intolerant of such identities. We refer to this process as Projected Hate, in which one who has been raised in a family, religious group, or society which rejects LGBTQ+ identities deals with the anxiety caused by being a member of this community by partially or in totality hiding this aspect of their identity and joining a homophobic or transphobic violent extremist group as part of an effort to disavow and split off an unwanted part of ones own identity. The individual subsequently projects that self-hatred onto others holding the LGBTQ+ identity and may even try to destroy them, thereby symbolically vanquishing the hated or disavowed part of the self. A slightly lesser splitting and projection process can also occur in which members of the LGBTQ+ community join such groups and split off part of their self in a less radical way but then use their sexual or gender identity as a weapon in a violent extremist group as a mechanism for building self-esteem and distinguishing oneself as unlike other members of the LGBTQ community whom they vilify. In this case, they are often trying to be the exception that is embraced by the group while hating others from the same community.

Scott E., aged 42, describes themselves as a latch-key kid. Scott recalls of childhood, It was a happy family, but we were not the most loving family in the world. [The] type of family [where] whenever things happen, [its] a suck it up, buttercup type of situation. My dad was a bit abusive when I was a kid. Not extremely. Scott says that the abuse got better as [the] years went, although perhaps this was more due to their being able to defend themselves (I was 15 [and] ended up choking him on the floor to defend myself) than due to his father realizing his wrongdoings. Prior to getting into white nationalism, however, Scott hung out with a number of men along the gender and sexual spectrum, but I realized I wasnt into men. I really dont like masculinity. Later, Scott became highly engaged on the white supremacist web forum Stormfront, where I had to hide some things. Scotts involvement on Stormfront began with the band Prussian Blue, which featured two young girls as singers, who were managed by their mother, April Gaede. Scott saw online that a man claiming to be part of Antifa wanted Black guys to go to April Gaedes house and rape these 11- and 12-year-old girls, because their mother was a white nationalist. He included a map to their house. I contacted the feds. They didnt take it seriously; said they were aware. They told me to make the parents aware of it. I contacted them, told them who I was. I wasnt worldly when it came to white nationalism, and I became a friend of the family. They even made me a moderator on the Prussian Blue forum. Later on, Scott moved to Montana where the Gaede family lived and became involved with Aprils organization, a whites-only community called Pioneer Little Europe [PLE]. Scotts belief in white nationalism ebbed and flowed. Scotts job was to make the PLE ideology more palatable, including by saying that white gay men could be white nationalists. Scott reflects back, I was worse than a Hitler lover [] because I made it more acceptable to be horrible, and thats arguably worse. I was in it for the community [] My mindset was never fully in it. I was trying to make white nationalism what I wanted it to be.

Phoebe Rose was also physically and emotionally abused by her father. Growing up in the body of a boy, Phoebe Rose says her father never understood me. I never fit the narrative he wanted. He couldnt handle me knowing more than him, any defiance, any individuality, not what he expected. Phoebe began a social transition at age 15 but felt misunderstood by doctors, leading her to attempt a male-presenting lifestyle at university and later in the British Army. The psychological strife of remaining closeted as a trans woman contributed to a mental health breakdown, after which she was honorable discharged for medical reasons. Further mental health challenges developed after being raped by a trans woman who had already surgically transitioned. At age 26, Phoebe traveled to Thailand for gender-affirming surgery. She recalls, This trip to Thailand changed my life in more ways than I can imagine. I met an American girl with a very troubled background. She was the most intelligent person I have ever encountered in my life. She started to radicalize me to the extreme right. At the time, Phoebe had been working in an organization in England which served asylum seekers, where she began to harbor Islamophobic thoughts about Albanian Muslim men trying to take the piss out of the system. Afghanis came to the UK to be pedophiles, lying about their age, saying they were children when they werent [] We would see schoolgirls going into this 40-year-olds place. Social services would do an age assessment and say he was 17. Afghanis are fanatics.

Phoebe met white nationalists online and, surprisingly enough, for the first time I found someone interested in me for just being me. [They] didnt give a toss that I [had converted to become] Jewish, that I was trans, that I was in a same-sex relationship. From there, Phoebe was connected with the English Defence League, which wanted what I wanted, Muslims out of Britain. Phoebe admits adopting a zealous, if not extremist, form of Zionism: EDL wanted England for the English. I wanted Israel for the Jews. Who is in the way? Dirty, stinking Muslims. Phoebe Rose became a prominent speaker for the EDL: I got a thrill out of it, I got a rush. Someone gave me a microphone and gave me the stage. I had them in the palm of my hand. I wasnt afraid. I didnt need a script. I knew what I was going to say, how to get them going. By the end of it, they were all standing and cheering, they had come to listen to people, but I dont think they expected a 20-something Jewish, white trans girl to steal it. Later on, she felt even more powerful: The police were scared of me because of who I am. They didnt want to arrest a Jewish woman, a trans woman. Police arrest a Jewish woman at an EDL rally, [theyd] get laughed at, what, are you stupid? That was lovely. They were scared of me. The police, the people Im supposed to be scared of, are scared of me. They have a file on me. I requested it but most is blacked out. Police officers were assigned to just me.

Viktoria, whose mother was in the U.S. Air Force but moved to East Germany after becoming pregnant, grew up in not a happy family. [My] biological father was never in the picture. Another gentleman stepped in. [He was a] pedophile and violent felon. He tried to kill my mother and me several times. We were in the hospital several times due to beatings. He used blunt objects. He signed the birth certificate. I think my mother had slept with a random man at a bar [and] I was conceived. [The] abusive guy stepped in and signed the birth certificate. My mother refused to speak about it. When I investigated, all I can learn is my [step]father is a German nationalist and terrorist. The trauma from her early childhood continued in West Virginia, where her uncle was in a militia. He trained all the kids how to kill people. We would name the hunted animals names of people we didnt like. Hed call them enemies, race traitors. We would hunt and visualize killing them. He was psychologically preparing us for murder. Over time, Viktoria developed a deep and violent commitment to white supremacism, but says that piece by piece over time, there were significant things. I saw how people saw me. I had a girlfriend younger than me. She grew up in an extremely peaceful, sheltered household, saw pieces of things I did, the way she responded. I hadnt seen that because I was surrounded by like-minded people, so unbelievably shattered just by the tip of the iceberg, how far I had gone. My sexuality, gender, queerness interfered as well. I had always known I was queer. I thought I was degenerate. I went to conversion therapy. When Viktoria came out to her family, they sent me death threats and pipe bombs. Viktoria reflects on her experience and highlights what Phoebe and Scott may have experienced in their own groups: I was not queer in the movement. Thats a death sentence. Modern groups will accept [queer people] on the outside, [but] never will make it to the inside. Useful idiots, they throw them away later, no regard for their wellbeing. Being queer in the movement is impossible. Its like being required to work in a factory and cutting off both of your arms, always this inner monologue in the back of your mind that wont stop. I tried every conversion therapy, even electroshock. [It] just builds an unbearable amount of shame. Now, she says, For self-love, coming out as queer was the best thing I ever did.

Finally, Jason V. spoke about his experience being openly queer while employed by the Oath Keepers as their national spokesperson. Jason explains that he was initially interested in the Oath Keepers when he perceived them as being libertarian, as he was, but became disillusioned with the group when they started courting the alt-right, [Richard] Spencer, the actual Nazis, Proud Boys, I just couldnt do it. Stewart Rhodes, the leader of the Oath Keepers who hired Jason, knew that he was queer and generally accepted it, though he made clear that Jason, alongside another gay couple providing support to the group, needed to hide their sexual identities from the people whom Jason was reaching and radicalizing through his propaganda. For instance, when covering the Oath Keepers support for Kim Davis, the Kentucky county clerk who refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, I wrote it from the perspective of the queer person, [saying] we need to protect same-sex growers growing pot. That was rejected by Stewart. He rewrote it. Jason cynically explains how Alex Jones, the InfoWars conspiracy theorist, made millions selling snake oil and Stewart caters his messaging to where he feels hes going to make the most money and you know, the county clerk obviously was resounding with an anti-queer sentiment within the membership and paying donors. Thus, in contrast to Phoebe and Scotts groups, which exploited members of the LGBTQ+ community in order to mainstream their ideologies, Jasons group, whose core leadership did in fact accept his identity, forced him to hide it in order to appeal to paying donors.

As can be observed from the stories in this article, growing up in an environment which makes one feel as though they do not fit into the expected, traditional gender norms can cause a great deal of emotional strain. The process of Projected Hate can be observed to different extents among the five short case studies described above. Most hid their sexual identity from their groups, knowing that it was viewed as degenerate and an anathema to the groups, unless it could be used by them. Some, like Viktoria, were actively steeped in self-hatred and shame over being gay and tried to vanquish it in themselves while going along with groups that openly and violently targeted the community of which they were a part. Most split off or at least did not publicly acknowledge their LGBTQ+ identity while in the group and supported a group that attacked and even wished to kill LGBTQ members. We saw the same occurring in ISIS, perhaps the most famous case being Omar Mateen, who came from an Afghan background and may have disavowed his homosexuality but then projected his hatred of this community by going to the same nightclub in Orlando he was known to have frequented to kill members of the LGBTQ+ community.

These case studies yield implications for practitioners working to prevent, counter, and intervene in violent extremism. Most importantly, practitioners must understand that hatred toward others can often arise as a defense against self-hatred, which arises particularly in LGBTQ+ individuals who were raised with complete intolerance of this identity. As is clear from the interviewees quoted, learning self-love can also be a pivotal step in turning away from hate groups and movements.

The views expressed here are the writers and are not necessarily endorsed by Homeland Security Today, which welcomes a broad range of viewpoints in support of securing our homeland. To submit a piece for consideration, email Editor@Hstoday.us.

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PERSPECTIVE: Projected Hate: Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and ...

Tracking the Foot Soldiers of White Supremacy – San Diego Jewish World

By Eric George Tauber

CINCINNATI, Ohio Five years ago, on August 11, 2017, in the normally quiet college town of Charlottesville, VA, the peace was disrupted by the Unite the Right rally. The rally brought together Neo-Confederates, Neo-Nazis, the Klan, Patriot Front and other militias espousing White Supremacism. I dont think any of us will ever forget how we felt as we watched a mob of angry, violent men marching through the streets chanting JEWS WILL NOT REPLACE US!

That evening, congregants at Beth Israel in Charlottesville were hastily ushered out a back door carrying the Torah scrolls. Thankfully, no violence or vandalism came to the shul, but the precautions were well taken.

The rally also brought together a group of counter-demonstrators who would not let such hateful, bigoted rhetoric go unanswered. Things came to a head when a domestic terrorist, James Fields used his car as a deadly weapon by driving it into the crowd, injuring nineteen and murdering one, a lovely, bright-eyed, idealistic young woman named Heather Heyer.

The next day, the 45th occupant of the Oval Office, mindful of who his most ardent supporters are, said that there were very fine people on both sides.

On August 14, 2017, when a rabbi was a no-show at the hastily organized Unity Vigil, I proudly represented the Jewish community by singing Haveinu Shalom Aleichem.

On the fifth anniversary of this infamous rally, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum hosted an online seminar called The Foot Soldiers of White Supremacy. Museum Historian, Dr. Rebecca Erbelding was joined by a fellow historian, Dr. Edna Friedberg and David Mills, a lawyer who sued the groups for the damage and loss of life that they caused.

What were the Alt-Right marchers trying to accomplish?

Ostensibly, they were protesting a recent decision by the Charlottesville City Council to remove a statue lionizing Confederate General Robert E Lee. On their flyers, the organizers purposely called the location Lee Park even though it had been renamed Emancipation Park. The message was clear: their hero was the defender of slavery, not emancipation.

To be pro-White, you are anti-everything else. It wouldnt be murder to kill them because theyre not even human. (Frohlich, a former White Nationalist)

The hate-group Identity Europa has strict rules about looking and sounding presentable. They are to be well-groomed with clean clothes. They want their men looking manly and their women looking feminine and motherly. They are not to use racial slurs and Nazi rhetoric in public. What is said behind closed doors is quite another matter.

Without hatred of Jews, there would be no movement. (Quote by a White Nationalist)

David Mills explained that the American Alt-Right is just the latest version of an old playbook. The imagery of torches and flags with black eagles on red backgrounds is intentionally reminiscent of the Nazis. Interestingly, participants were discouraged from displaying Hooked Crosses (aka Swastikas) as this symbol might hurt recruitment. While there were some Nazi flags among those who didnt get the memo, most White Supremacists rely on other Nordic Viking symbols such as the Black Sun to get their point across.

Why us? What do they mean when they say that Jews will not replace them?

The terrorists who shot up the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh and -closer to home- Chabad of Poway both said that Jews represented the greatest threat to the White Race.

Replacement Theory (frequently espoused by Tucker Carlson) is the idea that demographic shifts, intermarriage and the influx of darker skinned immigrants are threatening to replace the White Race as the dominant force in American society. Jews are the ones pulling those strings because HIAS (Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society), which was originally set up to help Jewish refugees of the pogroms, now helps refugees of all faiths from all over the world.

I asked the panel how to combat the move to normalize propaganda. Dr. Friedberg recommended teaching the camouflage. What do the Nordic symbols really mean? What are their slogans really saying?

I would add that the best way to combat these hate groups is to keep up our good work. The Torah teaches us, Cursed is the one who denies justice to the stranger, the orphaned and the widowed. And all of the people shall respond, Amen. (Deut. 27:19) Therefore, HIAS -and all of us- need to continue welcoming immigrants and befriending those who are different from us. Let us continue to speak up for Freedom and Justice for All. Let us engage in interfaith dialog. We must normalize members of different religions working together and supporting one another when we are attacked.

White Supremacists see themselves as soldiers in a Culture War. Well, if thats what they want, lets give it to them. Let all of the people that they are against- immigrants, ethnic minorities, religious minorities, the disabled and the LGBTQ+- band together. Together we are greater and stronger than they. Let us make it abundantly clear that theirs is the losing side and -like their Civil War- their cause is already lost. And let us say, Amen.

The presentation can be viewed in its entirety by clicking here:https://www.facebook.com/holocaustmuseum

*

Eric George Tauber, a former San Diegan now residing in Cincinnati, is a teacher, performer, and a drama critic.He may be contacted via eric.tauber@sdjewishworld.com

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Tracking the Foot Soldiers of White Supremacy - San Diego Jewish World

CellOrigin Biotech announced strategic global collaboration with Qilu Pharmaceutical to develop "off-the-shelf" CAR-iMAC cell therapy | DNA…

DetailsCategory: DNA RNA and CellsPublished on Tuesday, 06 September 2022 09:30Hits: 863

HANGZHOU, China I September 5, 2022 I CellOrigin Biotech (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. announced that it has made an agreement with Qilu Pharmaceutical on strategic global collaborations to develop, manufacture and commercialize a proprietary "off-the-shelf" iPSC-derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages (CAR-iMAC) for cancer immnotherapy.

This collaboration takes the advantages from both parties by integrating complementary technologies and expertise as well as combining industry-leading R&D, manufacture and marketing capabilities.Both parties will collaborate on new drug development and commercialization, and will push CAR-iMAC pipelines forward to clinical trials.

"Innovation, and bringing the best products to benefit patients are the core values we both appreciate", said Dr. Jin Zhang, the co-founder of CellOrigin Biotech and a principle investigator of Zhejiang University, "that's something that brings us together".

"We are excited to collaborate with Qilu Pharmaceutical because of its prestige in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry as well as its successful track record in new drug discovery. We (CellOrigin) will keep seeking other potential industry collaborators, jointly exploring and developing innovative anti-tumor drugs, and benefiting more cancer patients" said Dr. Tong Jiansong, Chief Executive Office at CellOrigin Biotech.

"CellOrigin is an outstanding startup with a strong research background and valuable industry experience. It has focused on original techniques in cell therapy and gained rich expertise in GMP manufacture. It is an ideal strategic partner for novel cell therapy and it is our pleasure to collaborate with such a great biotech company." said Qilu Pharmaceutical.

About Qilu Pharmaceutical

https://www.qilu-pharma.com/

Qilu Pharmaceutical is one of the leading vertically integrated pharmaceutical companies in China focusing on the development, manufacturing and marketing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) & finished formulations. Qilu currently has 13 subsidiaries, 11 manufacturing sites and over 30000 employees worldwide, 70% of whom are with bachelor's degrees or above. It ranks No.8 in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry by sales revenue in 2019. Dedicated to offering more affordable medicines to the world and improving people's well-being, Qilu has exported its products to over 80+ countries.

About CellOrigin Biotech (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.

http://en.cell-origin.com/Company.html

CellOrigin Biotech (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. is committed to the development of genetically engineered pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived immune cell therapies (such as macrophages, NK cells), with its own proprietary intellectual property. The founders are experienced leaders from Zhejiang University, Harvard University and top pharmaceutical and biotech companies around the world. They apply cutting-edge technologies in editing and differentiating iPSCs to immune cells in order to deliver novel allogeneic off-the-shelf cell therapies for the treatment of cancer patients around the world.

SOURCE: CellOrigin Biotech

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CellOrigin Biotech announced strategic global collaboration with Qilu Pharmaceutical to develop "off-the-shelf" CAR-iMAC cell therapy | DNA...

Doximity Residency Navigator Results: 13 U-M Medical School programs ranked in the top 10 nationwide – Michigan Medicine

This years Doximity Residency Navigator results are in and an impressive 13 of the University of Michigan Medical Schools residency programs secured spots in the top 10. In addition, six residency programs came in strong with a ranking in the indexs top 20.

Nationwide, surgery ranks No. 1 out of 345 residency programs, while Otolaryngology and Urology rank No. 2 out of 128 and 146 residency programs, respectively. Plastic Surgery ranks No. 3 out of 86 residency programs.

The other top-10 residency programs at the U-M Medical School include Anesthesiology (7), Dermatology (10), Internal Medicine (7), Med-Peds (7), Neurology (9), Obstetrics and Gynecology (9), Ophthalmology (6), Pathology (Clinical) (4) and Radiology-Oncology (8).

Child Neurology (20), Emergency Medicine (12), Neurosurgery (14), Pediatrics (17), Psychiatry (19) and Radiology (12) were all listed in the top 20.

Doximitys Residency Navigator results highlight that the excellence of Michigan Medicines graduate medical education programs are broadly recognized, said Debra F. Weinstein, M.D., executive vice dean for academic affairs at the U-M Medical School and chief academic officer for Michigan Medicine.We are proud that so many of our programs are recognized as being among the very best, and we will continue to work to optimize the experience of everyone who trains here.

Doximity is the largest online professional network for physicians in the United States. Its comprehensive physician database includes every U.S. physician as identified by their National Provider Identifier number.

Doximitys Residency Navigator is a tool designed to assist medical students with making informed residency-related decisions. It also aims to provide transparency to applicants throughout the residency match process. According to their website, the Residency Navigator is comprised of three major parts: current resident and recent alumni satisfaction data, reputation data and objective data.

While satisfaction data is derived from satisfaction survey responses fromeach residencys current residents and recent graduates, reputation data is derived from nomination survey responses. This portion is limited to board-certified physicians in that specialty and is alumni weighted. Lastly, objective data is compiled from a variety of public sources, including the Doximity database, which coversall U.S. physicians.

These results reflect the high degree of expertise and commitment of our residency program directors, as well as our exceptional teaching faculty, said J. Sybil Biermann, M.D., associate dean for graduate medical education at the U-M Medical School. We are so honored to be recognized in this way.

For more information about the residency programs at U-M Medical School, visit medicine.umich.edu/medschool/education/residency-fellowship.

To learn more about Doximitys Residency Navigator results, visit doximity.com/residency/.

About Michigan Medicine: At Michigan Medicine, we advance health to serve Michigan and the world. We pursue excellence every day in our five hospitals, 125 clinics and home care operations that handle more than 2.3 million outpatient visits a year, as well as educate the next generation of physicians, health professionals and scientists in our U-M Medical School.

Michigan Medicine includes the top ranked U-M Medical School and University of Michigan Health, which includes the C.S. Mott Childrens Hospital, Von Voigtlander Womens Hospital, University Hospital, the Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Health West and the Rogel Cancer Center. The U-M Medical School is one of the nation's biomedical research powerhouses, with total research funding of more than $500 million.

More information is available at http://www.med.umich.edu/.

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Doximity Residency Navigator Results: 13 U-M Medical School programs ranked in the top 10 nationwide - Michigan Medicine

BA/BS-MD Program Aimed at Increasing Diversity of Health Care Professionals in Colorado – University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Many college students enter their freshman year unsure of what they want to major in, let alone what theyll do after they graduate. Then there are students like Hussna Yasini, who entered her first year of college at the University of Colorado Denver knowing she could earn a reserved spot at the CU School of Medicine after she completed her undergraduate studies.

Now a second-year medical student, Yasini came to CU as part of the BA/BS-MD degree program, a partnership between the CU Denver and CU Anschutz Medical campuses that aims to increase the diversity of professionals practicing medicine in Colorado. The pipeline program identifies promising high school students with an interest in medicine many from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine then enrolls them in a premedical curriculum at CU Denver, providing an academic learning community and comprehensive premedical counseling and resources along the way. Students can earn a reserved spot at the CU School of Medicine after graduation, provided they meet academic requirements and pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).

The program does not guarantee admission to medical school at the time of starting undergraduate studies, but this is a rigorous pathway that gets them to a position where their chances of going to medical school are really good, says Matthew Taylor, MD, PhD, professor of medicine and co-director of the BA/BS-MD degree program. We recruit students who are academically performing very well and have an interest in health care, and we help them identify and cultivate the skills and qualities that are necessary to make them be successful.

Through the pipeline program, students have access to boot camps, special lectures, journal clubs, research and leadership training, CU Anschutz campus visits, MCAT preparation courses, and more throughout their undergraduate career.

The goal is to set students in the program up for success once they start medical school and initiate a relationship with the Anschutz Medical Campus during their undergraduate years.

We even were able to sit in on a couple of medical school lectures while we were still undergraduates, Yasini says. A lot of medical students are from out of state, and their interview process was during COVID, so they had never even seen the campus. But I knew where everything was on my first day. It was really great to get that early exposure to the campus and to medical school.

The BA/BS-MD program has its roots in a Colorado Health Foundation initiative aimed at training more primary care physicians who would remain in Colorado after their training. After that the program was founded with that initial funding, its focus expanded to include recruiting students from underrepresented and diverse backgrounds including rural students, those with limited economic and educational resources, LGBTQ students, and racial and ethnic minorities into careers in medicine.

There's a clear recognition that the population of individuals who go to medical school nationally does not necessarily mirror the population of patients we aim to serve, Taylor says. If one or both of a students parents are professionals, if they are well off economically, if they live in a neighborhood that has lots of resources, if they go to an outstanding high school if they want to go to medical school, they can go to medical school. We're looking for some students who have a variety of different stories and paths, including students who haven't considered a career in health care until high school.

The program enrolls up to 10 new first-year college students each year, putting them through a rigorous application and interview process. Applicants must beColorado residentsandhave an interest in servingthe health care needs of Colorado when they become primary care physicians.

Students from the programs first cohort are just now finishing their residencies, Taylor says, and hes excited to see where their careers will go from here.

For Yasini, who just started a year of clinical training at Salud Family Health Center in Aurora, the BA/BS-MD program was an invaluable resource when it came to preparing for medical school, as well as her planned future medical career providing care for immigrants and refugees.

The program focuses a lot on the things that I care about, and it set us up with a lot of opportunities to be exposed to those things and work with those patient populations, she says. A lot of the things theyre teaching us in medical school about diversity and inclusion, immigrant health and global health you don't learn that in undergrad, unless you're in a structured program like this. It's been it's been very helpful in helping us become well-rounded physicians.

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BA/BS-MD Program Aimed at Increasing Diversity of Health Care Professionals in Colorado - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Recent Advances in Phototherapy for Pain | UArizona Health Sciences – University of Arizona

What: Recent Advances in Phototherapy for PainWhen: Thursday, Sept. 15, 5:30 p.m.Where: Health Sciences Innovation Building, Forum, 1670 E. Drachman St., TucsonRegister for event

The University of Arizona Health Sciences Tomorrow is Here Lecture Series presents Recent Advances in Phototherapy for Pain, with Mohab Ibrahim, MD, PhD, medical director of the Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, on Thursday, Sept. 15, at 5:30 p.m. Registration is required for the free, in-person event.

People with migraine, fibromyalgia and other types of pain have benefited from the effects of light therapy using different colors. Dr. Ibrahim, professor of anesthesiology in the UArizona College of Medicine Tucson and director of the Chronic Pain Management Clinic, will discuss the scientific evidence behind phototherapy, as well as research discoveries related to pain and possible mechanisms of action.

Light therapy requires a minimum investment in technology and development and can be applied in different settings, said Dr. Ibrahim, an internationally known expert in chronic pain.

Dr. Ibrahim graduated from the University of Arizona with a medical degree after earning a bachelors degree in biochemistry, and master's and doctoral degrees in pharmacology and toxicology. He completed a general surgery internship at the College of Medicine Tucson, then spent five years at Harvard Medical School for an anesthesia residency at Brigham and Womens Hospital and a fellowship in clinical pain medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. A board-certified anesthesiologist, he joined the UArizona College of Medicine Tucson and Banner University Medical Center in 2014.

TheTomorrow is Here Lecture Series offers engaging and inspiring presentations focusing on the research being done by UArizona Health Sciences faculty and staff. Registration is required and can be completed online. Complimentary parking and refreshments will be provided. Lectures are recorded and will be available on the UArizona Health Sciences YouTube channel after the event.

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Recent Advances in Phototherapy for Pain | UArizona Health Sciences - University of Arizona

Brown welcomes talented group of 62 new faculty members – Brown University

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] As the 2022-23 academic year begins at Brown and more than 3,203 new undergraduate, graduate and medical students arrive on College Hill, the University also welcomes a group of 62 dynamic new scholars and educators to the Brown faculty.

With research and teaching expertise on topics ranging from global health security to climate change, brain science to diaspora studies, and architecture to algorithms, Browns newest faculty members represent a wide range of fields, backgrounds and viewpoints. Welcoming faculty with such diversity of experience comes at a time when Brown is developing an operational plan for significantly growing its research enterprise.

Our faculty are accomplished researchers, creative artists and educators whose work expands knowledge at the leading edge of their disciplines and, in partnership with Brown students and staff, makes a positive impact in communities both locally and across the globe, said Provost Richard M. Locke. Im delighted to welcome this cohort of talented scholars to Brown to build on and amplify efforts across campus to develop solutions to many of the most vexing questions faced by society today.

The arrival of 62 new faculty members reflects Brown's strategic efforts to recruit top scholars from research areas articulated in the Building on Distinction strategic plan and related operational plans in which the University is uniquely poised to have a meaningful impact. And with nearly 30% of this years new faculty members coming from groups historically underrepresented in higher education, strategic investments in actions outlined in Brown's Diversity and Inclusion Action Plan are helping to ensure that faculty represent the varied backgrounds, perspectives and experiences critical to advancing knowledge, learning and discovery.

In addition, multiple new deans (including those with interim appointments) will lead schools and academic units in their first full academic years in 2022-23: Ronald Aubert, interim dean of the School of Public Health; Tejal Desai, dean of the School of Engineering; Dr. Mukesh K. Jain, dean of the Warren Alpert Medical School; Thomas Lewis, interim dean of the Graduate School; Shankar Prasad, dean of the School of Professional Studies; and Leah VanWey, dean of the faculty.

Desai, who began her tenure at Brown on Sept. 1, will deliver the keynote address at this years Opening Convocation ceremony on Saturday, Sept. 10.

The new professors, associate professors, assistant professors and lecturers will serve across the Universitys academic departments, divisions and schools. The full listing of new faculty, with links for more information about each of them, follows below.

Jayna BrownProfessor of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies

John EasonWatson Family University Associate Professor of Sociology and International and Public Affairs

Kent KleinmanFaculty Director of the Brown Arts Institute, Professor of the Practice of History of Art and Architecture

Karin WulfBeatrice and Julio Mario Santo Domingo Director and Librarian of the John Carter Brown Library, Professor of History

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Brown welcomes talented group of 62 new faculty members - Brown University

The Global Medical Education Market is expected to grow by $ 173.36 bn during 2022-2026, accelerating at a CAGR of 16.95% during the forecast period -…

ReportLinker

Global Medical Education Market 2022-2026 The analyst has been monitoring the medical education market and it is poised to grow by $ 173. 36 bn during 2022-2026, accelerating at a CAGR of 16.

New York, Sept. 06, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Medical Education Market 2022-2026" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p04706407/?utm_source=GNW 95% during the forecast period. Our report on the medical education market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.The report offers an up-to-date analysis of the current global market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by growth in the number of online medical education programs, the advent of visual technologies in medical education, and the rise in organic growth.The medical education market analysis includes the courses and learning methods segments and geographic landscape.

The medical education market is segmented as below: Courses Graduate courses Certifications and training Post-graduate courses

By Learning Methods Blended learning Online learning

By Geographical Landscape North America Europe APAC South America MEA

This study identifies the rise in organic growth as one of the prime reasons driving the medical education market growth during the next few years. Also, the increase in partnerships between medical universities and associations and the rise in the number of medical boot camps will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters. Our report on the medical education market covers the following areas: Medical education market sizing Medical education market forecast Medical education market industry analysis

This robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading medical education market vendors that include All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Grand Canyon University, Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, National University of Singapore, New York University, Stanford Medicine, TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, The Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, University of California, University of Cambridge, University of Eastern Finland, University of Liverpool, University of New England, University of Oxford, University of Washington, Western Governors University, and Yale University. Also, the medical education market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. Technavios market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p04706407/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The Global Medical Education Market is expected to grow by $ 173.36 bn during 2022-2026, accelerating at a CAGR of 16.95% during the forecast period -...

Awards and new employees – The Ledger

FOOT AND ANKLE ASSOCIATES OF LAKELAND

Matt Werd, DPM, FACFAS, was a featured sports medicine speaker at the national annual meeting of the American Podiatric Medical Association held July 29 in Orlando at the Marriott World Center. The APMA annual scientific meeting attracts foot and ankle specialists from throughout the United States and internationally. Werds lecture topic was: Athletic Shoegear Update 2022. He also served as an expert panelist for a question-and-answer session on lower extremity sports injuries. Werd has co-authored two editions of the medical textAthletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine Springer Publishing 2017.

DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATES OF CENTRAL FLORIDA

David Yrastorza, M.D., who practices at Dermatology Associates of Central Florida in Lakeland, recently became one of the first surgeons of micrographic dermatologic surgery (Mohs) in the country to be board certified in micrographic dermatologic surgery by the American Board of Dermatology. The Board of Directors of the American Board of Medical Specialties approved subspecialty board certification for Mohs surgery Oct. 26, 2018.Yrastorza passed the first exam for the new board certification held in October.Mohs surgeryis a precise surgical technique in which skin cancer is removed in stages in an office setting until all cancer has been removed. Yrastorza received his Bachelor of Science degree in psychology at Colorado State University in Denver and his master's degree in counseling psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. He matriculated in the Post-Baccalaureate Pre-Health Program at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, worked for a year in a psychiatric hospital while the application was being processed and began medical school the following year, 1986. Yrastorza did his premedical training at the University of Pennsylvania.He received his medical degree and did his dermatology residency at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, in Denver, where he was the chief resident. Yrastorza is a member of the American Academy of Dermatology, American Society for Mohs Surgery, Florida Society of Dermatologic Surgeons and the International Society of Dermatologic Surgeons.

WATSON CLINIC

The Watson Clinic Foundations Arts in Medicine program received a grant of $4,500 from the GiveWell Community Foundation, a charitable organization that addresses community needs throughout Polk County. The grant was presented in response to an application submitted as part of the organizations 2022 Impact Polk competition, and was distributed from the George W. Jenkins Fund within the GiveWell Community Foundation. Housed in the Watson Clinic Cancer & Research Center at 1730 Lakeland Hills Blvd. in Lakeland, the Watson Clinic Foundations Arts in Medicine program offers all forms of the expressive arts including creative activities such as watercolor painting, origami, and mosaics for cancer patients, caregivers and family members. at the Watson Clinic Cancer & Research Center. Research shows that these creative For more information on the program, and to learn how you can volunteer or donate, call 863-603-4718 or visit WatsonClinic.com/AIM.

Sumita Chandran, M.D., a board-certified internal medicine specialist, treats patients from Watson Clinic Main, 1600 Lakeland Hills Blvd., Lakeland. Chandran received her medical degree from Stanley Medical College in Chennai, India. She completed her residency in internal medicine at Mercy Hospital-State University of New York in Buffalo, New York. She is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine.

Registered nurse practitioner Joseph Grych, APRN, treats walk-in patients at Watson Clinic Urgent Care Main, 1600 Lakeland Hills Blvd., Lakeland. Grych received his Bachelor and Master of Science in Nursing degrees from Chamberlain University in Addison, Illinois. He is board-certified by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners National Certification Board as a family nurse practitioner and is licensed by the state of Florida as a registered nurse and advanced practice registered nurse.

Shawn Amin, D.O., is a pain management specialist who treats patients from Watson Clinic Main, 1600 Lakeland Hills Blvd., in Lakeland. Amin received his Bachelor of Arts degree in behavioral neuroscience from Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, his Master of Science degree in biomedical studies from Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in Newark, New Jersey, and his Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree from Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Stratford, New Jersey. He completed an internship in preliminary medicine at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine in Farmington, Connecticut, and went on to complete his residency in anesthesiology and fellowship in pain medicine at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey. He is board certified in both anesthesiology and pain Medicine.

Taylor Cook, D.O., is an obstetrics-gynecology specialist who treats patients from her offices at Watson Clinic Highlands, 2300 E. County Road 540A in south Lakeland. Cook received her Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree from William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. She completed her residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She is a member of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and her areas of expertise include high risk obstetric patients and minimally invasive procedures.

Jack B. Davidoff, M.D., is a board-certified priority care specialist who offers 24 to 48-hour appointment availability from Watson Clinic Highlands, 2300 E. County Road540A in south Lakeland. Davidoff received his medical degree from St. Georges University School of Medicine in Grenada, West Indies. He completed an internship and residency in family medicine at St. Josephs Hospital and Medical Center, Robert Wood Johnson University, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He is board certified in family medicine and emergency medicine, and is a member of the American Association of Physician Specialists and the Air Medical Physicians Association.

Sunil Rohatgi, M.D., is an oncology-hematology specialist at the Watson Clinic Cancer & Research Center, 1730 Lakeland Hills Blvd., Lakeland. He received his medical degree from the University of Florida College of Medicine in Gainesville. He performed his residency in internal medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and a fellowship in hematology/medical oncology at New York University College of Medicine in New York. He is board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. In 2021, he was recognized by Castle Connollys Top Doctors series for the New York Metro area. His areas of expertise include the treatment of breast, lung and gastrointestinal cancers, hematological malignancies and bleeding disorders.

Danielle Chislett, a licensed practical nurse at Watson Clinic, was recently named the recipient of the Program for Employee Excellence and Recognition award forAugust. Chislett has been with Watson Clinic more than 22 years and spent most of her career in the orthopedics department. She was promoted to the position of LPN Team Leader in 2019 and has excelled at assisting various departments in their day-to-day operations, as well as aiding the clinical director and clinical coordinator with various management responsibilities. Chislett received a plaque, dinner at a local restaurant, a reserved parking spot and a gift certificate from the Medical Spa at Watson Clinic.

LAKELAND REGIONAL HEALTH

Charles Buerk is a physician assistant specializing in orthopedics with extensive experience in both sports medicine and pediatric orthopedics. Buerk completed his Bachelor of Science degree in biological science at Florida State University in Tallahassee. He earned his Master of Physician Assistant Studies degree from the University of South Florida in Tampa. Buerk sees patients at the Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center.

Larry Leyderman is a physician assistant specializing in orthopedics with extensive experience in general and orthopedic surgery. Leyderman earned his Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois. He earned his Master of Science degree in biology from Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago and his Master of Physician Assistant Studies degree from Chatham University in Pittsburgh. He sees patients at the Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center.

Paula Wengerski is a physician assistant who specializes in orthopedics acute fracture care, casting, gait evaluations and scoliosis. Wengerski earned her Bachelor of Science degree in early childhood education from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Champaign, Illinois. She earned her Master of Medical Science degree in physician assistant practice from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in Chicago. Wengerski cares for patients at the Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center.

Bonni Bishop, Psy.D.,is a licensed clinical psychologist. Her behavioral health specialties include treating mood disorders, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, anxiety, LGBTQ concerns and adjustments to medical concerns. She also conducts psychological testing. Bishop earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology and social work from Barry University in Miami Shores. She earned both her Master of Science degree in clinical psychology and Doctor of Clinical Psychology degree from Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale. Bishop completed her psychology residency at the Citrus Health Network in the Child Adolescent Treatment Center in Pembroke Pines. She treats patients at the Harrell Family Center for Behavioral Wellness Outpatient Clinic at Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center.

Catherine Principe,Psy.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in health psychology with extensive experience in providing comprehensive psychological care for patients ages 18 and older. Her expertise includes the treatment of anxiety, depression, chronic pain, complex medical conditions, trauma and other chronic mental health conditions. Principe earned her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology from Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville, Illinois, and her Doctor of Psychology degree from the Illinois School of Professional Psychology in Chicago.She sees patients at the Harrell Family Center for Behavioral Wellness Outpatient Clinic at Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center.

Zuleyma Toledo-Nieves, M.D., is a licensed neurologist specializing in the management of medical conditions related to the nervous system such as headaches, seizures, strokes, movement disorders, peripheral neuropathies and myopathies. Toledo-Nieves also specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system. After earning her Bachelor of Science degree in molecular biology from the University of Puerto Rico Ro Piedras Campus in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Toledo-Nieves earned her Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She completed her neurology residency at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and her Multiple Sclerosis clinical fellowship at the University of South Florida in Tampa. She cares for patients at the Grasslands Campus.

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Awards and new employees - The Ledger

Researchers Explore ACOs’ Cost Savings Around Patients with Mental Illness – Healthcare Innovation

Are accountable care organizations (ACOs) potentially creating financial savings by neglecting or limiting care for serious mental illness (SMI)? A team of researchers has examined the issue for an article in Health Affairs. Based on their analysis, it appears that such is not the case; but there is complexity, which the researchers explore in their article.

In the article published in the August issue of Health Affairs and entitled ACO Participation Associated With Decreased Spending For Medicare Beneficiaries With Serious Mental Illness, Jos F. Figueroa, Jessica Phelan, Helen Newton, E. John Orav, and Ellen R. Meara look at the complexities around care for serious mental illness for Medicare patients enrolled in Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) ACOs. What they find is complex and somewhat nuanced.

The authors state in their abstract at the outset of the article that Serious mental illness (SMI) is a major source of suffering among Medicare beneficiaries. To date, limited evidence exists evaluating whether Medicare accountable care organizations (ACOs) are associated with decreased spending among people with SMI. Using national Medicare data from the period 200917, we performed difference-in-differences analyses evaluating changes in spending and use associated with enrollment in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) among beneficiaries with SMI. After five years, participation in MSSP ACOs was associated with small savings for beneficiaries with SMI ($233 per person per year) in total health care spending, primarily related to savings from chronic medical conditions (excluding mental health; $227 per person per year) and not from savings related to mental health services ($6 per person per year). Savings were driven by reductions in acute and post-acute care for medical conditions. Further work is needed to ensure that Medicare ACOs invest in strategies to reduce potentially unnecessary care related to mental health disorders and to improve health outcomes.

Jos F. Figueroa, M.D., M.P.H., is an assistant professor of health policy and management at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH) and an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School (HMS). He is also a practicing Internist and associate physician at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, where he serves as the Faculty Director of the BWH Medicine Residency Management & Leadership Pathway. Jessica Phelan is a statistical analyst programmer at the Harvard Global Health Institute. Helen Newton, Ph.D., M.P.H., is a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Health Policy & Management at the Yale University School of Public Health. E. John Orav, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Biostatistics at the Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health. Ellen R. Meara, Ph.D., is a professor of health economics and policy at the T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

But what is behind that small savings on mental health services? It turns out, things are a bit complicated. For one thing, while more than one in five U.S. adults suffers from a mental health disorder, and 14.2 million U.S. adults suffer from a serious form of mental illness such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder, In the Medicare population, the burden of serious mental illness (SMI) is a concerning amount higher than in the general population, with a recent study suggesting that the prevalence of SMI in this population was nearly 23 percent, the articles authors note. This may be because Medicare beneficiaries have a higher number of chronic physical conditions than the general population, which may then lead to a higher prevalence of major depressive disorder, and given the bidirectional relationship, depression may also lead to worsening of underlying chronic conditions. High rates of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may also result in disability, which then qualifies these patients for the Medicare program. In addition, Medicare beneficiaries with SMI were also found to spend substantially more on the treatment of other chronic medical conditions, such as heart failure and diabetes, than those without, even after clinical risk adjustment. This is likely because the presence of SMI impairs the ability of patients and clinicians to effectively treat other chronic conditions, they note.

In theory, the ACO model of care should be helpful in this regard, as, under the MSSP program, a group of clinicians and patient care organizations accepts responsibility for attributed patients across time. Still, the researchers note, To date, there are few long-term empirical data about how patients with SMI and comorbid chronic medical conditions are faring in ACOs. Early evidence suggests that ACOs have achieved modest savings and improved quality for the general Medicare population, likely because of the financial incentives to care for patients across the entire care continuum, they write. Still, they note, Although some studies have examined rates of outpatient visits to mental health providers and use of psychotropic medications among people with depression, it is unclear whether ACOs yield meaningful savings among people with SMI over a longer period of time as experience caring for these patients in ACOs increases.

The researchers write that they wanted to answer the question, Was the implementation of Medicare ACOs, specifically the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP), associated with savings among beneficiaries with SMI? If so, were these savings achieved from reductions in spending related to mental health services or related to treatment of chronic medical conditions? Finally, did enrollment in ACOs lead to reductions in health care use among those with SMI, including rates of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and post-acute rehabilitative care use, relative to beneficiaries not in ACOs?

So, the researchers used a 20 percent sample of Medicare administrative claims from the period 200917 that included Parts A and B spending and use. Our sample was limited to Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries continuously enrolled during the study period or until death. Demographic data were obtained from the Master Beneficiary Summary File. Claims from the Inpatient, Outpatient, Carrier, Skilled Nursing Facility, Home Health Agency, and Hospice files were used. And the patients whose records looked at were cohorts of patients who were attributed to MSSP ACOs that started contracts in 2012, 2013, 2014, or 2015.

In that regard, the researchers write, In a national study of Medicare beneficiaries, we found that participation in the Medicare Shared Savings Program between 2013 and 2017 was associated with small savings among those with SMI, including schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. These savings were primarily related to reductions in spending related to medical conditions and not reductions in the treatment of mental health disorders.

And, they state, Our findings suggest that ACO savings are primarily related to the treatment and management of medical conditions and not due to changes in spending related to mental health disorders. These findings raise important questions. On the one hand, it is possible that the observed savings may signal more efficient care under ACOs for the treatment of medical conditions. Prior work has suggested that poorly controlled medical conditions among people with mental illness are an important driver of morbidity and mortality.47 It is possible that ACOs are mitigating some of the effects of mental illness on chronic medical conditions and preventing potentially unnecessary care, as evidenced by greater reductions in ED visits, hospitalizations, and subsequent post-acute care use. Our findings are consistent with other work that has shown that ACO incentives likely motivate physician practices to lower use by investing in specific strategies, including care transitions and care coordination programs, risk-stratification interventions, and chronic disease management programs. The magnitude of the savings among people with SMI, however, is about half the savings previously reported among the general ACO population in the MSSP.

Significantly, they write, [W]e found no evidence to suggest meaningful reductions in spending related to mental health disorders. This may be because other work has suggested that there has been little integration of behavioral health treatment in traditional primary care health systems. More recent data suggest that only 17 percent of ACOs reported implementing all components of the collaborative care model, which is a cost-effective model to treat mental illness that combines primary care and consulting behavioral health specialists with the support of mental health registries.

This is obviously complex, since, as the authors write, There has been little focus on specific quality measures that concentrate on the treatment of mental health disorders. This is a missed opportunity, given that Helen Newton and colleagues found that mental healthspecific quality measures are associated with ACO reports of behavioral health integration activity and with better follow-up after mental health hospitalizations.

Ultimately, they conclude, We found that after five years of participation in the MSSP, beneficiaries with SMI who are treated by ACO practices were achieving some small savings, primarily related to reductions in acute and post-acute care use and spending related to chronic medical conditions and not from reductions in mental health services. Although these findings may reflect potential reductions in unnecessary care related to chronic medical conditions, further work is needed to understand the impact of ACOs on health outcomes. In addition, our work suggests that ACOs may still need to implement more strategies to reduce potentially unnecessary care related to mental health disorders.

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Researchers Explore ACOs' Cost Savings Around Patients with Mental Illness - Healthcare Innovation

Eleven New Professors Appointed in Department of Internal Medicine – Yale School of Medicine

Recently, the appointment of ten new professors became official within the Department of Internal Medicine. One professorial announcement from fiscal year 2021 was also recently approved.

Learn more about their journeys to professor below.

Joseph Akar, MD, PhD, was filled with joy when he learned he earned the rank of professor. It fills me with tremendous pride to have my clinical and academic accomplishments acknowledged by my peers in the heart rhythm space, and by aspirational Yale faculty. Being part of this distinguished group gives validation for the hard work over the years.

He contacted his family immediately, he considers his wife Rana his north star throughout his academic journey, and a true force for good. Upon receipt of the news, his son Nedi gave him a huge hug, and then asked for cake.

He loves the feeling of wonder that comes with discovery in the world of academia. Akar credits Yale for having a special place in his heart since he came to New Haven for his residency training. So, coming back home to the institution I love and subsequently being promoted within the Yale family is the crowning achievement of my career, he said.

Fun fact: Akar was born and raised in Beirut, Lebanon. Upon arrival to the U.S. for college, the first phone call to his family was to inform his brother that there is so much green in the U.S., you can practically play soccer anywhere. He is a die-hard soccer fan and huge supporter of the Arsenal Football Club.

Ursula Brewster, MD, loves nephrology. She fell in love with it in Medical School where Dr. Fred Appleton taught the 2nd year nephrology course. He instilled in her a healthy respect for the kidney, and a love for longitudinal patient relationships. While undergoing subsequent clinical training at Yale, she was spoiled by brilliant clinicians who modelled what it was to be a great physician and educator, Brewster said. I trained with so many great people, but I really connected to the nephrology way of thinking, and was star struck by the likes of Dr. Asghar Rastegar and Dr. Mark Perazella.

She is grateful to all those who invested time into making her a better physician and educator. And since she has been at Yale since 1998, she jokes that thats a long list of people. When she found out about her promotion, she snuck over to hug Margaret Bia, MD, professor emeritus of medicine (nephrology), whom Brewster credits as a life mentor and advocate for a generation of women physicians at Yale. When she started at Yale, Dr. Bia was the only other woman in the section, and has been a support, a champion and a friend throughout her entire career.

She derives pride from the fellows that she teaches as the director of the Nephrology Fellowship program. Each year, a new group of brilliant, energetic young physicians start in our nephrology fellowship, and watching them progress through the training program, and into their own careers is such fun. It is a very rigorous program, filled with ups and downs, but each and every year they make me so proud, she said. She loves to hear from them once they are out in practice. She regularly receives texts about great diagnoses they made, academic accolades, and their policy work. But her favorite messages to receive from them are the wedding and baby pictures.

Brewster loves being in academia. Being surrounded by brilliant and passionate people who want to push the edge of our understanding of medicine and the human condition is just thrilling. Watching great minds at work simply never gets old.

But she does need to unplug on occasion, so she goes off the grid. Every summer, her family travels to a small remote lakeside cabin in the Maritimes, Canada.

No electricity, no cell towers, no one else can get there and there is no outside information that comes in. Truly disconnecting from the pace of this job is really important for me to recharge and it has become almost impossible with the EMR. As clinicians, if we have the ability to check on a patient we are worrying about, we will. You cant turn that off. And if we see something wrong, then we have to do something about it. Pretty soon we are spending our time away on EPIC. We all do it. The only way not to is to either have more self-control than I have to not check in the first place or to go so far away you cant check even if you want to. So thats what I do. And its great.

When Sarwat Chaudhry, MD, found out that she was promoted to professor, she thanked three people who were instrumental in her career: Patrick OConnor, MD, MPH, MACP; David Fiellin, MD; and Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM. Dr. Patrick OConnor is my section chief who provided enduring and tireless encouragement; Dr. David Fiellin provided the professional guidance I needed to make it across the promotion finish line; and Dr. Harlan Krumholz interviewed me for the Clinical Scholars Program over 20 years ago and has been a fierce supporter, advocate, and friend ever since, explained Chaudhry. She credits this trio and her other amazing colleagues as her favorite part of academia.

Chaudhry said that it is very validating to have her professional accomplishments recognized as worthy of promotion to full professor by Yale School of Medicines senior faculty. On a practical note, its great that I wont have to go through the review process again! she joked.

During her career, she is most proud of developing insights that can improve the way we provide care for patients and supporting the development of the next generation of physician-scientists.

Fun fact about Chaudhry: She can deadlift 200 pounds!

Lauren Cohn, MD, started her medical career working in the lab studying the immunology of asthma in preclinical models. Her laboratory, along with others, defined the cytokine pathways underlying asthma pathobiology. Pharmaceutical companies took this knowledge to design monoclonal antibody therapeutics to block the pathways. Cohn and team tested the medications in clinical trials, which then led to a use of the therapeutics in the clinic.

My career has spanned a period of remarkable advancement in asthma care, from bench to bedside. I have had a unique opportunity to harness my deep interest in lung immunity, understand some of the mysteries of asthma and offer life-changing therapies to patients with severe asthma and other complex lung diseases, said Cohn.

Her promotion validated her effort to expand the understanding of lung diseases and apply it to patient care. In fact, when she learned about the promotion, she continued with her day, caring for the next patient on her schedule.

Cohn admits the process of learning and sharing in academia is both inspiring and humbling. The academic environment allows me to ask penetrating questions about lung diseases. It provides time to dig deep into understanding my patients, inspiring colleagues who are knowledgeable and committed and who have similar motivations, and then the imperative to disseminate this knowledge by teaching those around me.

Fun fact: Cohn wore a cast on her left leg for much of high school, after breaking her tibia and fibula in a bicycle accident and later in a gymnastics meet. The surgeon told me I wasnt going to win any beauty pageants given my leg. I told him I was going to medical school, so I didnt care, said Cohn.

A cardiologist, Jeptha Curtis, MD, works to improve the quality of care delivered to patients with coronary artery disease and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Upon learning about his promotion, Curtis enjoyed a brief moment of tremendous satisfaction, and then started the next case. Upon returning home that evening, he has a celebratory drink with his wife, happy that the process is completed. Curtis credits her patience and support for making everything possible.

Throughout his career, he is most proud of the success of his mentees. He loves academia because he can work with some of the smartest and most committed people in the world to have a positive impact on the care of patients with heart disease.

Fun fact: Some people say that Curtis has too many antique cars. He respectfully disagrees.

Neera Dahl, MD, PhD, came to Yale School of Medicine 15 years ago and helped build the clinical polycystic kidney disease (PKD) program. Her nephrology section chief applauded this accomplishment, along with Dahls promotion in an announcement to the team and included one important detail that was unknown to Dahl; that Yales PKD program is now one of the largest in the country.

When notified that she was being promoted to professor, she emailed her PhD thesis advisor. I had just seen her recently as I was in Boston for the National Kidney Foundation meeting, and it was finally safe to connect. I was her first graduate student, and I think at the time we were both a little uncertain of our future success. She went on to do brilliant things and recently retired as acting chair and a tenured professor in physiology, said Dahl.

Dahl appreciated that she took a chance on her, because she admits that she wasnt a very disciplined student at the time. She told me she was stronger for having had me in the lab, and I knew she understood the effort in the achievement, said Dahl.

Dahl knows that the promotion isnt something she achieved alone. It was a group effortpatients, nurses, the clinical trials team, my friends, family, mentors, and colleagues all supported this process. I am celebrating their efforts as well.

Overall, Dahl cites a joy of academia is the ability to teach, informally or formally. She works extensively with fellows and post-grads and notes that they always bring different talents and ambitions to their roles. She said, It is a privilege to be able to shape that raw energy into academic success.

She credits Yale with giving her the resources to create a program from scratch. I have learned that at Yale if I can imagine a program, we can build it. There are many resources that can be leveraged, so its just a matter of holding on until the infrastructure forms underneath you. I am grateful to everyone who has shared or offered resources or advice.

She also acknowledges the administrative staff for their resourcefulness. They are unsung heroes, said Dahl. If you tell them what you need, they can usually create it for youwe've acquired everything from spare furniture to extra closet space to innovative patient-facing scheduling this way.

Fun fact: Dahl is really into bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, and anything that can be considered a pollinator. She has always enjoyed gardening but during the pandemic, it became an obsession. She tore up parts of her front lawn to make a wildflower meadow and rain garden. Last fall, she planted to extend the season for the early pollinators, and now has been watching with delight as her garden is both blooming in late April/early May and attracting pollinators, although she says that the bees still look cold.

Within medicine, teaching has always been the greatest love of Alfred Lee, MD, PhD. After completing his residency and fellowship training in Boston, he actively pursued faculty positions oriented towards teaching. I chose to return to Yale because of what seemed like an extraordinary commitment on the part of the institution to the teaching mission of academic medicine, far beyond other institutions I looked at, said Lee.

Along with directing the Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, Lee also teaches the hematology course for the Yale medical students. In August, he gave the keynote address at the White Coat Ceremony for the incoming first year medical students, where he spoke about the nonlinearity of his own path to becoming a clinician-educator, which saw him exploring career interests in music and science before finding his calling as a physician. I always try to reassure students and trainees that unexpected detours are all part of the natural process of learning and professional development, and that these experiences make us all better doctors and better people in the end. Lee said that his promotion to professor is confirmation that Yale genuinely values teaching as one of its core academic principles.

Two fun facts about Lee:

The favorite part of working in academia for Richard A. Martinello, MD, are the opportunities to collaborate with colleagues and students both within and external to Yale, which have culminated in meaningful scientific advancements, along with the opportunity to impact the processes, practice, and operations at Yale New Haven Health, which improves quality and safety for patients and staff. He also enjoys teaching and mentoring talented, energetic students.

Throughout his career, he is most proud of the research he has done and the teams that he has built and led. Martinello acknowledges that the road he has taken to professor has been a long and challenging journey, with uncertainties, but is proud of his accomplishment. [Being a professor] further cements my role as a mentor and will allow me additional opportunities which I can share with others who are not quite as far down the career path as me, said Martinello.

This path has led him to work with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in different capacities, from working with the VA to lead the response to the 2009 pandemic; participating in the initial development of federal Combatting Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria plans and implementation; and leading the VAs increased involvement to further vaccinate veterans and VA staff. When he was working in the VA Central Office in Washington, D.C., he would attend occasional meetings at the White House, including in the Situation Room.

When he received the news, he had an immediate sense of joy and relief, and shared the news with his wife and family.

Fun fact: Bicycling is Martinellos hobby, and he logs thousands of miles each year. His longest ride to date is 107 miles.

When he found out about his promotion to professor, William Ravich, MD, said he immediately called his wife Elaine, because she had been waiting as long as I had.

To Ravich, being promoted to professor represents a level of recognition for my work that is really appreciated. Traditionally, prestigious medical institutions - including Yale - have been reluctant to promote faculty who are primarily clinicians, to professor, but The Times They Are A-Changin, Ravich said.

His favorite part of academia is teaching in clinic. Ravich believes there is nothing better than sharing his experience and thoughts in the context of trying to solve a patients clinical problem. Taking care of patients is always interesting and challenging but sharing my experience with gastroenterology (GI) fellows, medical residents, and medical students now thats the icing on the cake.

When asked about his career accomplishments, Ravich responded that he was most proud of his expertise in the field of swallowing disorders. Through my experience taking care of patients with difficult swallowing problems, during which I have collaborated with clinicians from a variety of specialties, I have developed what I believe to be a unique perspective on the evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders.

Fun fact about Ravich: During the 1980s, he served as an informal consultant to the National Zoo in Washington DC. In that capacity he performed endoscopies on a giant panda and an orangutan, lead into publications in the veterinary literature.

When Donna Windish, MD, MPH, found out she was being promoted to professor, she immediately told her husband and 10-year-old son. Because it was two weeks before Christmas, her son convinced her to wait to tell the rest of the family until Christmas Eve. To prepare for the big announcement, he created a video montage of her career in medicine, adding graphics and music, and recording the narration. On December 24, he presented his video tribute. I was surprised what he understood of what I/we do in medicine. It was well-done, so kind, and touching. I cried, admitted Windish.

Her promotion is special. I feel my hard work as a clinician-educator and scholar has been recognized by my peers at Yale and across the country as being important. I hope that my promotion will inspire other clinician-educators to find enjoyment in educational scholarly work and purse their own areas of interest.

Throughout her career, she is most proud of the two programs she developed: the Yale General Internal Medicine (GIM) Medical Education Fellowship Program, and the Department of Internal Medicine Advancement of Clinician-Educator Scholarship (ACES) Faculty Development Program.

The Yale General Internal Medicine Medical Education Fellowship Program started in 2016 and was built from her accumulated experience and ideas of what knowledge, attitudes, and skills a clinician-educator scholar needs to succeed in academic medicine. The fellowship has become a popular option for internal medicine residents looking into academic careers and who want to be scholarly clinician-educators. I truly am impressed at how successful the program graduates have become as clinician scholars, educators, and leaders, said Windish.

In 2019, Windish started ACES, a program is designed to improve the educational scholarship of junior clinician-educators in the department. She used the blueprints of the Yale GIM Medical Education Fellowship program to put this new program forward. Windish is excited to see the ideas of the junior faculty participants come alive in their curriculum development, abstract presentations, publications, grants, and leadership positions.

Fun fact about Windish: She is an avid baker who loves to try new recipes and expand her repertoire. While she has made many desserts over the years, her most favorite are the hand decorated birthday cakes of varying shapes and sizes: trains, cars, bulls, bunnies, video game characters, etc. These cakes were designed for her son, niece, and nephew, but were enjoyed by all, she said. If medicine were not her calling, she thinks she would open a pastry shop!

Eric Winer, MD, was named professor in 2008 during his time at Harvard Medical School. Upon his return to Yale School of Medicine (YSM) earlier this year, he was appointed as professor of medicine (medical oncology) and named the Alfred Gilman Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology.

Being a professor at YSM is meaningful to Winer because New Haven is where he began his career in medicine. He is thrilled to have returned to Yale, where he earned his undergraduate degree, medical degree, and completed his residency training.

It is special to be a Yale professor having attended Yale College and Yale School of Medicine, and then serving as a house officer in internal medicine. When I was a college student, I never thought that I would ultimately become a professor, said Winer.

He loves mentoring residents, fellows, and junior faculty. While at Harvard, he was honored with a lifetime mentoring award, an honor that he was very proud to receive.

An additional source of pride for Winer is both his clinical work that focuses on patients with breast cancer and the research he has done that has led to significant improvements in cancer care.

Fun fact about Winer: He did not take any science as an undergraduate. He majored in history and Russian Studies, but ultimately decided he did not want to work for the CIA.

The Department of Internal Medicine at Yale is among the nation's premier departments, bringing together an elite cadre of clinicians, investigators, educators, and staff in one of the world's top medical schools. To learn more, visit Internal Medicine.

More:
Eleven New Professors Appointed in Department of Internal Medicine - Yale School of Medicine

Grief Medicine in-Training, the online peer-reviewed publication for medical students – Pager Publications, Inc.

If someone asks me how my first year of medical school went, half of the time I dismiss them with a one-word answer, saving them from a conversation they arent ready to have. The other half of the time, I tell the truth, just to see what they have to say.

It was fine, except for when I watched my dad die in the middle of it.

Often, the discussion starts to wither. Usually, I am met with an Im so sorry and maybe a Let me know what I can do to help. Once in a while, the person Im talking to is an older adult and can say they relate, having lost a parent before themselves. However, the conversation usually turns, them hesitant to dig deeper and me wondering how much to share.

But the truth is, I am always ready to share. It is an experience that irrevocably changed my life course and identity. The earthquakes of the past year created a chasm so deep that I am forever separated from who I used to be, when I was obliviously ambitious and innocently self-centered.

Just one year ago, I was a typical first-year medical student, learning to adjust to a new city, new friends and a new breakneck-paced curriculum. My biggest worries were whether I was making enough social connections in medical school and whether I made the right choice in committing to this field at all. Although my first year started shakily, plagued with self-doubt and imposter syndrome, I had begun to get my bearings and become hopeful about my future in medicine. Then, a November phone call from my mom slid my life into unknown, unfamiliar and lonely territory.

The doctor said your dad has Stage 4 cancer and has about one year left to live.

This news seemed incompatible with what I knew about my dad. When I left southern California to move to Boston for medical school, my dad was still cooking fresh meals every day, arguing with vigor and working long hours in the garden for fun. Even after hearing this update with my mom, I thought that my dad, a lifelong fighter, could still enjoy a few more months of life before disease took over.

However, it seemed things rapidly tumbled downhill as soon as the doctors words were spoken. When I returned home for winter break, I expected a warm welcome for completing a challenging first semester of medical school. Instead, I found my dad struggling to ambulate with a walker, feet swollen with edema, calling for me constantly to help him set up his bed, get him a snack and find the phone that slipped onto the floor.

During this time at home, I constantly asked my mom if I should take a leave of absence from medical school, and she would say that I should just focus on finishing my degree so I could move back to California. I asked my dad once what he thought about me taking a leave of absence, and he said no so forcefully that I didnt ask again. When January crept in and signaled the end of my winter break, I returned to Boston hesitant, afraid I was making the wrong move, but telling myself I would at least finish the last exam of our musculoskeletal block so I could complete the course. Then I would decide what to do next.

But as it turned out, time had already run out. Only three days after I returned to Boston following my winter break, my dad was hospitalized. I video called my mom to see her crying over my dads unconscious body in the hospital bed, and I immediately booked the next flight out of Boston to Los Angeles leaving in two hours, one way.

What followed were two agonizing weeks of living out of a hotel near where my dad stayed in the hospital. I visited my dad during the day, clinging to the doctors whenever they came into his room and peppering them with questions, squeezing every corner of my brain for medications I had learned to try and figure out what was going on with my dad. In the evenings, I returned to the hotel room and tried to continue learning the muscles of the arm, hoping I could return to school when my dad finally stabilized. I learned medical terms like rapidly progressive, critical condition and hepatic failure secondary to metastases to describe what I saw in my dad, but these terms didnt get close to what it truly was: an endless absolute nightmare.

In the end, there wasnt a year left of life at all. It was barely two months after the diagnosis. My dad was on the wrong side of the average, and statistics never felt so cold, cruel and useless. My dad passed away the day after my 24th birthday. At that point, he couldnt even say my name anymore.

In medical school, we talk about death quite a lot. Factually, as a result of what happens when your blood vessels lose their tension or your liver is overwhelmed, and ethically, as in what to do when a patients family wants them to remain on life support. We even talk about how emotionally exhausting and traumatizing it is to be a provider witnessing death on the front lines. But after watching my dad pass, my grief and distress were incomparable to anything medical school could cover in a course.

Medical school doesnt teach you that death is not only the exact time the heart stops working, but a process that could span days, weeks or months, shredding you apart as you watch your loved one teeter between hope and tragedy. Although we learn about so many types of cancers, the kind that took my dad cholangiocarcinoma only got one slide in a 200-slide lecture in the two-month gastrointestinal system block. And it didnt say anywhere on that slide that one day, your dad could be telling you that he cant wait to attend your medical school graduation, and that just one and a half weeks later, he would pass silently, staring back with open eyes, as you hold his hand and cry inside of your sopping wet N95 mask.

At his funeral, his brother took the podium and revealed that my dad had wanted to be a doctor when he was younger. However, being fresh immigrants from Vietnam, their family couldnt afford to support his medical studies, and my dad ultimately chose to study engineering. My dad hadnt told me this, and suddenly his emotional investment in watching me succeed in my medical studies made so much more sense.

I had arrived at medicine after a meandering, wavering journey through every other discipline imaginable, but after that revelation, I felt immense peace. If a lifes purpose exists, this was it. I was meant to become the first doctor in my family, and my dad was meant to watch me begin my medical journey, even as he got sicker and sicker.

I returned to Boston the day after the internment of my dads ashes at the mortuary. And this time, I returned with a purpose. I didnt even have much time to feel sorry for myself as I caught up on my missed exams and got back on track with the rest of my classmates. Even now, I cant believe I did it. I finished my first year of medical school on time with everyone else in my class, a cardiovascular final springing us all into the most relieved summer of my life.

Often people are surprised, asking me why I didnt just take time off. But I know my dad would understand, no explanation necessary. He was a person who survived being a boat refugee, traversing countries and then states until he ended up in California, trying on different careers until one fit. He was the type of man who tried to live as normal a life as possible with his cancer until the ruse was up. He would know that hard work towards a dream can be a better salve than listless days in grief. And he would see that the future doctor I will become is already starting to peek through, unable to be contained.

How was my first year of medical school? Fine, I guess. Even when my dad died in the middle of it. Despite it all, there were still delicately beautiful moments too. Showing my dad a picture of freshly fallen Boston snow while he lay in his hospital bed and him responding, Oh, what a lovely change. Returning to my Boston apartment and finding cards even from classmates I didnt know that well, expressing sympathy and solidarity. Seeing my partner integrate himself into my family as he helped complete tedious chore after chore in the aftermath of our tragedy. As heartbreaking as the past year was, I could also find solace in the way the pieces in my life fell together. The medicine for grief, I learned, is to live through, between and alongside it. Talking about it openly, daring to be vulnerable and being brave enough to remember even the memories that hurt.

Image credit: Snowflakes(CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)bydanna curious tangles

Contributing Writer

Tufts University School of Medicine

Sarah Tran (they/them) was born and grew up in southern California. They attended Pomona College and graduated in 2020 with a Neuroscience B.A. and an Asian American Studies minor. They are currently attending Tufts University School of Medicine as a MD/MPH student, set to graduate in 2025. Their interests include community and social justice, claiming to be a writer despite not having enough time to write, and watching reality television with their partner.

Read more:
Grief Medicine in-Training, the online peer-reviewed publication for medical students - Pager Publications, Inc.

Proposition 308 would allow Dreamers like me to pay in-state tuition – The Arizona Republic

Opinion: My siblings paid in-state tuition at ASU because they were born here. I can't because I was born in Mexico. Proposition 308 would change that.

Hazel Villatoro| opinion contributor

I graduated a year early from North High School with a 3.8 GPA.

I did everything I could to put myself on a path to success: playing varsity soccer, participating in the AGUILA Youth Leadership Instituteand co-leading an Arizona Center for Empowerment initiative to increase civic engagement among high school students.

My dream was to attend Arizona State University this fall. But I cant afford it.

As an undocumented student, I am not eligible for in-state tuition. Im incredibly grateful to have received a full scholarship to Grand Canyon University, but not all undocumented students are as fortunate.

Each year, about 2,000 students do not qualify for in-state tuition because of their immigration status.

In November, Arizona voters should pass Proposition 308 so that all students are eligible for the in-state tuition rate, regardless of immigration status, if they have lived in the state for two years and graduated from a local high school.

It would give talented and hardworking students a chance to fulfill their dreams of higher education and help build a well-educated workforce to keep Arizonas economy moving forward.

My parents work hard to support our family and always instilled in me and my siblings the importance of education. My older brother and sister also graduated early from high school and attended ASU. My brother earned a bachelors degree in business and teaches elementary school. He is on track to finish his MBA. My sister is starting medical school and plans to become a surgeon.

My older siblings are my role models. I desperately wanted to follow them to ASU, but I could not. Although we all studied hard in high school, they were able to attend ASU and pay in-state tuition because they are U.S. citizens. I am not a citizen.

My brother and sister were born in Arizona, but I was born in Mexico when my mother went there to help with a family emergency. She brought me here when I was 1.

The only difference between me and my siblings is paperwork. Arizona is the only home Ive ever known.

Im an Arizona kid. I grew up just like other Arizona kids, playing soccer, taking family trips to Lake Pleasant, and going to the county fair.

Another view: Push to help 'Dreamers' is coming from ... Republicans?

I sat in dual enrollment classes where everyone was doing the same work, but my classmates received free college credits and I couldnt even sign up. In-state tuition and all the usual doors to higher education are closed to me simply because I am undocumented.

I want to follow in my sisters footsteps, attend medical school, and become a doctor. Its my dream to become an anesthesiologist. But there was no way I could afford to pay nearly $40,000 per yearat ASU 50%more than students who are eligible for in-state tuition.

At a time when many people seem divided, there is broad agreement about the importance of providing in-state college tuition to all Arizona high school graduates.

The effort to put Proposition308 on the ballot was strongly bipartisan. The measure passed the Republican-led House and the Republican-led Senate and was signed by a Republican governor.

If Arizona passes Proposition308, it will be joining 20 other states that have passed in-state tuition for Dreamers, including conservative-led states such as Utah, Texas, Oklahomaand Arkansas.

Undocumented students like me just want to be treated like everyone else. We want a fair shot at a good education. We want the chance to contribute to our communities, including as doctors, nurses, teachersand other professions that Arizona needs.

This fall, voters have the chance to do the right thing for us, for themselves, and for all of Arizona.

Hazel Villatoro is an incoming freshman at Grand Canyon University. Reach her atvillatoro.hazel1@gmail.com.

Original post:
Proposition 308 would allow Dreamers like me to pay in-state tuition - The Arizona Republic

Deafhood – IELTS reading practice test

A

At this point, you might be wondering: what does deafhood mean? Is it a synonym for deafness? Is it a slightly more politically correct term to express the very same concept youve grown accustomed to-a person who lacks the power of hearing, or a person whose hearing is impaired? Whats wrong with terms like hard of hearing or deafness? Have they not represented the deaf community just fine for the past few centuries? Who came up with the term Deafhood anyway, and why?

B

The term Deafhood was first coined in 1993 by Dr Paddy Ladd, a deaf scholar in the Deaf Studies Department at the University of Bristol in England. First explored through his doctoral dissertation in 1998, and later elaborated on in his 2003 book,Understanding Deaf Culture In Search of Deafhood, the idea behind Deafhood is twofold: first, it seeks to collect everything that is already known about the life, culture, politics, etc. of Sign Language Peoples (SLPs); secondly, it attempts to remove the limitations imposed on SLPs through their colonization from hearing people.

C

In order to understand what Deafhood represents, its first important to understand what is meant by colonisation. To do that, we need to examine two terms: Oralism and Audism. Oralism is a philosophy that first emerged in the late 19th century, and which suggests that reduced use of sign language would be more beneficial to SLPs, as it would allow them to integrate better to the hearing world. In that respect, sign language is dismissively regarded as a mere obstacle to listening skills and acquisition of speech-treated, in effect, in the same manner as the languages of other peoples who were oppressed and colonised, e.g. the Maori in New Zealand, or the Aborigines in Australia. Audism, however, is an even more sinister ideology: first coined in 1975 by Dr Tom Humphries of the University of California in San Diego, it describes the belief that deaf people are somehow inferior to hearing people, and that deafhood or, in this case, we should say deafness is a flaw, a terrible disability that needs to be eliminated. It is the effect of these two ideologies that Deafhood seeks to counter, by presenting SLPs in a positive light, not as patients who require treatment.

D

But even if we understand the oppression that SLPs have suffered at the hands of hearing people since the late 1800s, and even if we acknowledge that deafness is a medical term with negative connotations that need to be replaced, that doesnt mean its easy to explain what the term Deafhood represents exactly. This is because Deafhood is, as Dr Donald Grushkin puts it, a physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, cultural and linguistic journey that every deaf person is invited-but not obligated-to embark on.

E

Deafhood is essentially a search for understanding: what does being Deaf mean? How did deaf people in the past define themselves, and what did they believe to be their reasons for existing before Audism was conceived? Why are some people born deaf? Are they biologically defective, or are there more positive reasons for their existence? What do terms like Deaf Art or Deaf Culture actually mean? What is the Deaf Way or doing things? True Deafhood is achieved when a deaf person feels comfortable with who they are and connected to the rest of the deaf community through use of their natural language, but the journey there might differ.

F

Aside from all those questions, however, Deafhood also seeks to counter the eect of what is known as neo-eugenics. Neo-eugenics, as described by Patrick Boudreault at the 2005 California Association of the Deaf Conference, is a modern manifestation of what has traditionally been defined as eugenics, i.e. an attempt to eradicate any human characteristics which are perceived as negative. Deaf people have previously been a target of eugenicists through the aforementioned ideologies of Audism and Oralism, but recent developments in science and society-such as cochlear implants or genetic engineering-mean that Deafhood is once again under threat, and needs to be protected. The only way to do this is by celebrating the communitys history, language, and countless contributions to the world, and confronting those who want to see it gone.

G

So, how do we go forward? We should start by decolonising SLPs-by embracing Deafhood for what it is, removing all the negative connotations that surround it and accepting that deaf people are neither broken nor incomplete. This is a task not just for hearing people, but for deaf people as well, who have for decades internalised societys unfavourable views of them. We should also seek recognition of the deaf communitys accomplishments, as well as official recognition of sign languages around the world by their respective governments. Effectively, what we should do is ask ourselves: how would the Deaf community be like, had it never been colonised by the mainstream world? And whatever it is it would be like, we should all together-hearing and Deaf alike-strive to achieve it.

The reading passage has seven paragraphs,A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter,A-G, in boxes1-7on your answer sheet.

1 ABCDEFG Examples of other groups treated the same way as deaf people

2 ABCDEFGWhy the word deafness is no longer appropriate

3 ABCDEFGThe definition of the word dear

4 ABCDEFGWhy deaf people might sometimes think negatively of themselves

5 ABCDEFGHow one can attain deafhood

6 ABCDEFG Where the word deafhood came from

7 ABCDEFGWhy deafhood is currently imperilled

Please Submit to view your score, solution and explanations.

Submit

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Deafhood - IELTS reading practice test

Deafhood IELTS Reading Academic with Answers – IELTSXpress

Deafhood IELTS Reading Academic with Answers

Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Real IELTS Exam Question, Reported On:

AAt this point, you might be wondering: what does deafhood mean? Is it a synonym for deafness? Is it a slightly more politically correct term to express the very same concept youve grown accustomed to-a person who lacks the power of hearing, or a person whose hearing is impaired? Whats wrong with terms like hard of hearing or deafness? Have they not represented the deaf community just fine for the past few centuries? Who came up with the term Deafhood anyway, and why?

BThe term Deafhood was first coined in 1993 by Dr Paddy Ladd, a deaf scholar in the Deaf Studies Department at the University of Bristol in England. First explored through his doctoral dissertation in 1998, and later elaborated on in his 2003 book, Understanding Deaf Culture In Search of Deafhood, the idea behind Deafhood is twofold: first, it seeks to collect everything that is already known about the life, culture, politics, etc. of Sign Language Peoples (SLPs); secondly, it attempts to remove the limitations imposed on SLPs through their colonization from hearing people. IELTSXpress

CIn order to understand what Deafhood represents, its first important to understand what is meant by colonisation. To do that, we need to examine two terms: Oralism and Audism. Oralism is a philosophy that first emerged in the late 19th century, and which suggests that reduced use of sign language would be more beneficial to SLPs, as it would allow them to integrate better to the hearing world. In that respect, sign language is dismissively regarded as a mere obstacle to listening skills and acquisition of speech-treated, in effect, in the same manner as the languages of other peoples who were oppressed and colonised, e.g. the Maori in New Zealand, or the Aborigines in Australia. Audism, however, is an even more sinister ideology: first coined in 1975 by Dr Tom Humphries of the University of California in San Diego, it describes the belief that deaf people are somehow inferior to hearing people, and that deafhood or, in this case, we should say deafness is a flaw, a terrible disability that needs to be eliminated. It is the effect of these two ideologies that Deafhood seeks to counter, by presenting SLPs in a positive light, not as patients who require treatment.

DBut even if we understand the oppression that SLPs have suffered at the hands of hearing people since the late 1800s, and even if we acknowledge that deafness is a medical term with negative connotations that need to be replaced, that doesnt mean its easy to explain what the term Deafhood represents exactly. This is because Deafhood is, as Dr Donald Grushkin puts it, a physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, cultural and linguistic journey that every deaf person is invited-but not obligated-to embark on. iets xpress

EDeafhood is essentially a search for understanding: what does being Deaf mean? How did deaf people in the past define themselves, and what did they believe to be their reasons for existing before Audism was conceived? Why are some people born deaf? Are they biologically defective, or are there more positive reasons for their existence? What do terms like Deaf Art or Deaf Culture actually mean? What is the Deaf Way or doing things? True Deafhood is achieved when a deaf person feels comfortable with who they are and connected to the rest of the deaf community through use of their natural language, but the journey there might differ.

FAside from all those questions, however, Deafhood also seeks to counter the eect of what is known as neo-eugenics. Neo-eugenics, as described by Patrick Boudreault at the 2005 California Association of the Deaf Conference, is a modern manifestation of what has traditionally been defined as eugenics, i.e. an attempt to eradicate any human characteristics which are perceived as negative. Deaf people have previously been a target of eugenicists through the aforementioned ideologies of Audism and Oralism, but recent developments in science and society-such as cochlear implants or genetic engineering-mean that Deafhood is once again under threat, and needs to be protected. The only way to do this is by celebrating the communitys history, language, and countless contributions to the world, and confronting those who want to see it gone. ielts xpress.com

GSo, how do we go forward? We should start by decolonising SLPs-by embracing Deafhood for what it is, removing all the negative connotations that surround it and accepting that deaf people are neither broken nor incomplete. This is a task not just for hearing people, but for deaf people as well, who have for decades internalised societys unfavourable views of them. We should also seek recognition of the deaf communitys accomplishments, as well as official recognition of sign languages around the world by their respective governments. Effectively, what we should do is ask ourselves: how would the Deaf community be like, had it never been colonised by the mainstream world? And whatever it is it would be like, we should all together-hearing and Deaf alike-strive to achieve it.

Questions 28-34The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.

28 Examples of other groups treated the same way as deaf people IELTSXpress29 Why the word deafness is no longer appropriate30 The definition of the word dear31 Why deaf people might sometimes think negatively of themselves32 How one can attain deafhood33 Where the word deafhood came from34 Why deafhood is currently imperilled

Questions 35-37Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet.

35. According to Dr Paddy Ladd, Deafhood

A. is a more appropriate term than hard of hearing.B. doesnt colonise SLPs as much as deafness does.C. strives to get rid of the effects of colonisation.D. contributes positively to the life and culture of deaf people.

36. Oralism suggests that

A. SLPs have no use for sign language.B. SLPs dont belong in the hearing world.C. hearing people are superior to SLPs.D. SLPs are unable to acquire speech.

37. Aborigines in Australia are similar to deaf people because

A. eugenicists also tried to eradicate them.B. they were also considered inferior by their oppressors.C. their languages were also disrespected.D. their languages were also colonised.

Questions 38-40Answer the questions below with words taken from Reading Passage 3.Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

38. What should deaf people use to communicate with each other, according to deafhood?39. Who has used oralism and audism to attack the deaf community?40. What does the deaf community strive to achieve for sign language worldwide?

28. C

29. D

30. A

31. G

32. E

33. B

34. F

35. C

36. A

37. C

38. natural language

39. eugenicists

40. official recognition

Also Check: Preserving Gardens IELTS Reading Passage with Answers

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Deafhood IELTS Reading Academic with Answers - IELTSXpress

Pepe the Frog Meme | Meaning & History | Dictionary.com

Artist Matt Furie created Pepe the Frog as an easygoing, bro-like character in his 2005 comic series, The Boys Club. In one comic, Pepe urinates with his pants down at his ankles. Sporting a relieved grin, Pepe says, Feels good man.

Pepes creator told The Daily Dot in April 2015 that the name Pepe (though pronounced differently) evokes pee-pee, in keeping with the literal bathroom humor the original character is known for.

According to Know Your Meme, users began creating their own Pepe images in 2008 in forums on the imageboard site 4chan. These Pepes, riffing on the frogs signature smile, spread online as a humorous reaction, much as people post GIFs to illustrate how they feel about something. One common variant shows a smirking Pepe, often called Smug Pepe, his thumb tucked knowingly under his chin. Additionally, the variants Sad Pepe and Angry Pepe are also common.

By 201415, Pepe had gone full mainstream, with singers Katy Perry and Nicki Minaj notably posting Pepe memes on Twitter. But as The Daily Beast reported in May 2016, some white supremacists were disappointed by Pepes widespread popularity. And so, as a dark and shocking joke, they fashioned Pepes with various anti-Semitic and other racist imagery in efforts to make Pepes widespread use less appealing to those outside their circle. One depicts a caricatured Jewish Pepe smiling at burning Twin Towers on September 11. Another swaps out Pepes Feels good man for Kill all Jews.

Starting around 2015, alt-right supporters of Donald Trump embraced the bigoted Pepe memes, spreading suited-up and blonde-coiffed versions of the frog after the likeness of their candidate. While apparently unaware of Pepes symbolism, Donald Trump retweeted a Trump Pepe in October 2015, as did Donald Trump Jr. following Hillary Clintons basket of deplorables comment in September 2016. Many alt-right social media users have even deployed the frog emoji in their online monikers to represent Pepe and their political affiliations. Pepe has also inspired a hand gesture, resembling the OK sign, that Mediaite claims a ten-year-old flashed on a tour of the White House in March 2017.

This unassuming cartoon frog became so established as a racist symbol that the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) labeled Pepe the Frog as a hate symbol in September 2016. Around this time, the Clinton campaign released their own explainer on Pepe, commenting that the cartoon frog is more sinister than you might realize. Another one of Pepes political iterations is as Pepe Le Pen, which depicts French far-right nationalist politician Marie Le Pen as the frog.

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Pepe the Frog Meme | Meaning & History | Dictionary.com

This house is designed for life on Mars (but it’s in England) – Fast Company

How do you think we should live on Mars? Thats the (very open-ended) question that was recently posed to more than 200 people in England. The answer has just landed in a public square in Bristol, UKand its a two-story, solar-powered dwelling with a kitchenette, a hydroponic garden, and a Martian toilet.

[Photo: Luke ODonovan]Dubbed the Martian House, the structure will open to the public next week and host a series of talks and workshops about sustainable living. Unlike the flurry of farfetched renderings of Mars colonies populating the internet, the Martian House is a tangible object thats designed to get people to think less about actually colonizing space and more about living with scarce resources, and within your means in a constrained environment that isnt driven by consumerism.

The Martian House was conceived of by artists Ella Good and Nicki Kent, who wanted to use Mars as a lens to focus on what we really need and how we want to live on Earth. It was designed by two British architecture and design firms: Pearce+ and Hugh Broughton Architects, which has designed a number of science research stations in Antarctica. The architects consulted with space scientists about the climate conditions on Mars and how those should translate into their design.

They also ran a series ofworkshops in Bristol, where members of the public could dream up their ideal home features in space, like an open kitchen, or a view of the Martian landscape. The most common request, however, was living plants. Theyre a living thingthey need to be tended and looked after, and you can eat them, says Hugh Broughton Architects director, Hugh Broughton. But its as much the caring as anything else, which is very therapeutic, especially in an alien environment. (At the U.S. South Pole Station in Antarctica, Broughton says researchers can book a half-hour slot to just sit in the hydroponic garden, tend the plants, or even read a book in the warmth.)

[Photo: Luke ODonovan]Naturally, plants hold a special place on the second floor of the Martian House. Together with a kitchenette, the hydroponic living room is contained within a pressurized, double-skin inflatable structure lined with gold foil. This comes with a window and a skylight, and the gold coating is meant to reflect the sun and reduce heat gain on the surface. (The temperature on Mars is cold, but Broughton says the equipment required for lighting and ventilation will build up enough heat inside.)

On Mars, the walls within would be filled with Martian regolith, a silt-like volcanic rockthats readily available on the planet. The Bristol version, however is filled with air. Meanwhile, the ground floor houses compact bedroom pods and a Duravit toilet with a heated seat, illuminated bowl, and an odor extraction mechanism because you cant just open the window on a planet with so little oxygen. On Mars, this half of the house would be built underground, within Marss empty lava tubes. In Bristol, it sits in a boarded-up shipping container.

[Photo: Luke ODonovan]The Martian House was designed to withstand the red planets harsh climate (an average temperature of -80 degrees and high cosmic radiation), but this isnt meant to be a NASA-proof house for Mars. Im sure there are technical holes, or someone would say the rocket dimensions are this and your house wouldnt pack in like that, but thats not the aim, says Broughton. Its aim is to, as closely as possible, represent what a house on Mars would be like, but actually in the process to provoke questions about our own lives on Earth.

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This house is designed for life on Mars (but it's in England) - Fast Company

Rocket Lab Seeks to Answer ‘Are We Alone?’ by Launching First Private Mission to Venus – Gizmodo

An illustration of the small spacecraft that Rocket Lab is currently developing to cruise through Venus clouds.Illustration: Rocket Lab

SpaceX might have its sights set on Mars, but Rocket Lab is seeking to become the first private company to reach Venus and explore its clouds for signs of potential habitability.

Rocket Lab revealed new details about its self-funded mission to the Venusian clouds in a recent paper published in the journal Aerospace. The California-based company is building a small probe thats designed to fly through the planets upper atmosphere for a duration of roughly five minutes and at altitudes between 29 and 37 miles (48 to 60 kilometers) above the surface. The company is hoping to launch its spacecraft in May 2023 and have the probe reach Venus in October of that same year, with a backup launch window in January 2025.

The probe is designed to fly aboard the companys trusty Electron rocketthe only reusable orbital-class small rocket currently in existence, according to the company. Electron will send the probe on a 100-mile (165-kilometer) orbit above Earth; then, the rockets high-energy upper stage Photon will perform a series of burns to raise the probes orbit to where it can achieve escape velocity from Earths gravitational pull.

Rocket Lab is no stranger to audacious feats; the company pulled off a daring stunt in May by using a helicopter to catch a falling rocket mid-air. Sending a probe to Venus, however, is a major step beyond, as the second planet from the Sun is located some 38 million miles (61 million kilometers) from Earth at its nearest proximity. Its closer to Earth than Mars, but Venus is far less welcoming of spacecraft due to its extremely hot atmosphere and air pressure thats 90 times higher than that of Earths.

A mission like this to Venus would signal a new era of planetary exploration, in which private companies, and not just government space agencies, make attempts to explore distant bodies. Rocket Lab is also slated to launch twin spacecraft to Mars in 2024 as part of a subcontract with the University of California Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory. Two other private space companies, Impulse Space and Relativity Space, recently announced a joint venture to launch a mission to Mars as early as 2024.

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Rocket Labs self-funded science mission sounds noble, and possibly even important, but theres more to this mission than sniffing the Venusian atmosphere for possible biosignatures. Its possible that Rocket Lab is using the mission to test its spacecraft in anticipation of national space agencies, like NASA or the European Space Agency, wanting to further outsource similar projects. And as the Rocket Lab study points out, the mission will also put its Photon spacecraft to the test and demonstrate the success of a high-performance, low-cost, fast-turnaround deep space entry mission delivering Decadal-class science with small spacecraft and small launch vehicles. Though not stated in the study, this technology could eventually be leveraged to support commercialized supply chains (or other linkages) between celestial bodies, such as supporting colonists on Mars. Rocket Lab also wants to initiate a campaign of smaller missions to explore Venus, the paper says.

NASA hasnt sent a dedicated probe to Venus since the Magellan program, which arrived at the planet in 1989 and wrapped up science operations in 1994. That is set to change later this decade, as NASAs DAVINCI mission is scheduled to launch to Venus in 2029. The probe will plunge through Venus atmosphere prior to landing on its surface. DAVINCI is one of three upcoming Venus missions, as Venus is very hot right now, both literally and figuratively.

Indeed, Venus boasts temperatures that reach up to 880 degrees Fahrenheit (471 degrees Celsius), while featuring a thick, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere and a volcanic landscape. The planet is not fit for habitability today, but scientists believe it may have started off with similar conditions to Earth and over time became the hellish world it is today.

In September 2020, a group of scientists claimed that Venus may have signs of life in its clouds based on a detection of what might be phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere. Phosphine is considered a biosignature gas on Earth. Thats the main driving force behind Rocket Labs mission to Venusto help gather further evidence of potential life in the Venusian clouds. Were sending our Photon spacecraft to Venus in search of life, Rocket Lab wrote on Twitter. However, the phosphine detection was largely met with skepticism, with scientists raising doubts over the data, among other quibbles.

Rocket Labs search for life in Venus clouds may turn up empty, but a mission to the planets atmosphere could answer key questions about its past. A 2019 study from NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies suggested that Venus may have once had oceans on its surface for about 2 to 3 billion years, indicating potentially habitable conditions during its early history. Either way, and should Rocket Lab successfully make it to Venus, itll set a new standard for private space ambitions.

More: NASAs DAVINCI Mission Will Plunge Through the Hellish Atmosphere of Venus

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Rocket Lab Seeks to Answer 'Are We Alone?' by Launching First Private Mission to Venus - Gizmodo

Mars was once covered in water and this giant map shows us where – BGR

Scientists have long believed that the now dusty Red Planet was once home to rivers, lakes, and other assorted bodies of water. But proving the existence of that water and what happened to it has always been difficult. Data collected over the past decade has allowed scientists to create a map of ancient water traces, confirming Mars was once covered in water.

Mars is an intriguing planet. Once believed to be abundant in water, the atmosphere has long since thinned, leaving the planet a shell of what it once was. The planets history has also long been an interest to scientists, with many believing it a strong candidate for space-based colonies at some point down the line.

Many of these beliefs, though, are fueled by the planets history and the traces of ancient water weve discovered across its surface. Some even say that Mars is hiding water under its surface. Of course, it has been difficult to analyze these components properly. Thats because getting sediment and other samples back from Mars hasnt been possible until recently.

However, with the data that NASA and the ESA have gathered from the Curiosity Rover, and now even Perseveranceas well as other spacecraft based around studying the Martian surfacewe know that water was once quite abundant on the Red Planet.

The ESA released a video detailing this new Martian water map. The video showcases where weve found ancient traces of water on the Martian surface. These traces often come in the form of deposits of aqueous minerals. These are minerals that have been altered by water, like clay.

The close-up studies of the Martian surface by Curiosity and Perseverance show that clays are present on Mars. As such, it only makes sense for water also to be present. This new map is, however, a much broader look at where water would have been found on the planet.

Some scientists say that we have oversimplified the Red Planet as a whole. And as a result, we have missed the bigger picture. Instead of seeing these minerals and ancient water traces as the oddity, we should be more intrigued when we dont see them. After all, Mars once had an atmosphere similar to Earths. And that could have allowed life to blossom there.

Unfortunately, its hard to say exactly when the atmosphere became so thin and the water dried up. But, with NASA planning to return samples from Mars in the coming years, we could soon have more answers and data to sift through. Researchers published two papers on the subject in the journal Icarus.

The first paper gives a great overlook of where the minerals were found. However, the second paper dives deeper, offering a quantified look at the minerals. These papers have provided important context and groundwork that we needed to establish before properly addressing questions surrounding ancient traces of water on Mars.

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Mars was once covered in water and this giant map shows us where - BGR