If you have gone to see a health care provider within the past 15 years, chances are very good that youve seen a model from Anatomy Warehouse, a growing Evanston e-commerce company in the business of health education.

Founded in 2005 by Adam Cordell and based at 1630 Darrow Ave., the company sells detailed, accurate and lifelike models of human and animal body parts and processes to colleges and universities, health-related professional schools, government entities, clinics, health care settings and private businesses all over the world.

Closer to home, the Evanston Township High School biology and health sciences programs have benefited from Anatomy Warehouses donations of gently used anatomy models.

Cordell, a native Evanstonian and a proud ETHS graduate, has 12 employees, most of whom live in Evanston. Cordell said he is especially proud of how they were all able to shift to working from home during the pandemic; no one lost their job or took a pay cut. Everyone stayed healthy and kept working.

Despite the medical nature of their work, no one in the office is a doctor. But over the past 14 years, Liz has probably gone to medical school from what shes learned on the job, Cordell said.

Liz is Liz Huff, who joined the company in 2008 and is director of Operations, managing the customized order process. From 2009-2013 the company was processing orders from eight different websites organized under categories including Halloween costumes, seasonal, school supplies, massage and medical apparel in addition to anatomical models.

But the business sweet spot was anatomical models, and the company gradually exited or sold off the other lines of business.

Doctors often contact Anatomy Warehouse for assistance preparing for complex and unusual surgeries. Cordell and Huff work with suppliers that can produce unique 3D-printed models that are helpful in pre-surgical preparation, allowing the surgeon to view a surgical site from multiple views and practice different approaches. Cranial models are a specialty.

For products that the company develops in-house, Cordell said it relies on a team of external medical professionals to review or contribute to the quality control process.

Medical device companies, pharmaceutical companies and life sciences companies might contact us for anything, Huff said. Weve made trophies. It could be adding a customized logo to the base of a model. It could be developing a completely bespoke training model for demonstrating a surgical technique or an R&D model for testing a new device prior to regulatory approvals.

Both Cordell and Huff said they are much more aware of what their doctors do as a result of their work. Were training future doctors and nurses. Wed better do a good job because we could be their next patient, said Huff.

If youve watched TV shows like Bones or The Walking Dead youve likely seen their work.

Anatomy Warehouse sells moulage, or simulated wounds, used in movie, television and theater productions as well as health training and education, such as disaster training for first responders.

We sell mannequins that can be wirelessly programmed to bleed, vomit and seize, Huff said, all to make the scene or training more realistic.

Cordell and Huff are responsive to what their customers want. Skin tones are available in light, medium and dark. The company embraces adapting models to reflect diversity in bone structure, including skeletons that are not just of European descent.

The medical community has been driven by European men forever, Huff said. But there is a broader selection that we try to represent, and we are pushing our European manufacturers to represent.

Within the last few years the company has updated its product descriptions to eliminate ethnic or geographic references. Faces are described as having masculine features or feminine features instead of being labeled male or female. Its a dynamic space, Huff said. Its our job to listen to our customers and to our community and to have them lead what they feel is the best way to represent those things.

The products also represent different body types. On the mannequin side, there are rescue training mannequins that are specifically focused on water rescue, and they can simulate a realistic weight or a heavier model to be more difficult, Huff said. We also have bariatric models with different weights and proportions.

The companys No. 1 product on the anatomical side is a full-sized male skeleton. On the health care side, IV arms are the sales leader. IV arms are used to teach blood draws, injections, infusions and needle selection. The way to get good at a skill like a blood draw is to practice, repeating the same action, correctly, over and over. A good model enhances that training.

And now Anatomy Warehouse is looking for more space. It hasnt found the right spot yet, but Cordell emphasized how special Evanston is to him and his team.

We really hope we can stay here, he said.

See the original post:
Anatomy Warehouse has Evanston in its bones and a little bit of Hollywood too - Evanston RoundTable

Ana Yoe-Cheng Chang Chan,1 Coen PM Stapper,2 Ronald LAW Bleys,3 Maarten van Leeuwen,2 Olle ten Cate4

1Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Leon (UNAN-Leon), Leon, Nicaragua; 2Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 3Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 4Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Correspondence: Olle ten Cate, Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 98, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Tel +31.88.75.57010, Fax +31.88.75.53409, Email [emailprotected]

Abstract: The status of anatomy education in undergraduate medical education has dramatically changed over the course of the past century. From the most important and time-consuming component of the preclinical program, anatomy education has reduced in size and status, and yielded in curricular space to accommodate other disciplines and topics. Meanwhile, radiology has become more prominent, as a means to visualize anatomy, not only in clinical care but also in education. For this perspective paper, the authors, all with backgrounds in anatomy, radiology and/or medical education, conducted structured conversations with several academic colleagues with similar backgrounds, reviewed pertinent literature and analyzed the causes of the historical decline of a knowledge domain of medical education, that nevertheless is widely considered essential for medical students and graduates. After this analysis, the authors propose four ways forward. These directions include systematic peer teaching and development of anatomy education as a scholarly domain, further vertical integration with postgraduate medical education, full integration with radiology education, and capitalizing on educational technology. Schools in several industrialized countries have made steps in these directions, which can be further strengthened. In less affluent countries, and in countries with curricula strongly determined by tradition, these steps are less easy to make. To respond to changes in global health and health care, combined with the inevitable technological progress, and international mobility, we believe all schools will move in these directions, slower or faster.

Keywords: anatomy education, radiology education, vertical integration, technology, future

Since Vesalius (15141564), the founder of accurate anatomy texts and drawings, and arguably the father of current anatomy teaching, medical education in the universities has had a strong emphasis on anatomy, if not being its core pillar for centuries. Around the turn of the previous century, two to three years of the preclinical curriculum devoted to morphology (anatomy, histology, and cytology) was considered time well spent, and around 1960, Dutch curricula still contained 225 to 572 hours of anatomy teaching.1 Likewise, in 1901 medical schools in the United States had about 549 hours of anatomy teaching, and by 1955 approximately 330 hours.2 The latter half of the 20th century showed a continuous decrease in the absolute and relative time devoted to teaching and learning anatomy in terms of curricular hours and in time students spend studying anatomy. While the same century has witnessed many changes in medical curricula, often aligning with Hardens SPICES model (more student-centered, problem-based, integrated, community-based, and systematic),3 the decrease in time and effort to acquire anatomical content knowledge stands out. In one Dutch curriculum, the absolute time devoted to anatomy (and other basic sciences) decreased by 60% to about 100 hours in the period between 1990 and 2010,4 in which year Australian/New Zealand medical schools ranged in total hours of anatomy teaching from as low as 56 to as high as 560.5 A similar process happened in less affluent countries. In Nicaragua, by 2019, the medical curriculum contained 102 hours of anatomy teaching,6 a reduction of 68% compared to 320 hours 20 years prior.

Not all knowledge that, in the past, was considered relevant for medicine and patient care is still current. Some knowledge has become irrelevant, outdated, or discovered as incorrect. Regular adaptations in education are thus needed and justified. While new insights and advances in knowledge of basic and clinical sciences have been continuously added, and clinical training has become more prominent, existing components of the medical curriculum must decrease to make space.

However, the decrease in time and attention for anatomy in medical education is in sharp contrast with a universal acknowledgment by practitioners and educators of the importance of anatomical knowledge for physicians.7 In some specialties, particularly surgery, there are serious worries that the decrease of anatomical education has led to a decrease of knowledge that must be supplement with postgraduate anatomical education.79 Gross anatomy is considered an undisputed core component of the medical curriculum.10 Anatomical knowledge is indispensable for adequate physical examination of patients, irrespective of specialty, but it is also a foundation of the language of medicine. If inter-collegial and interprofessional communication cannot use the language rooted in the names of anatomical structures, adequate patient care for a variety of health professionals would be impossible.

The recent decrease in curricular time for the basic sciences includes other domains than anatomy, but the latter is the focus of our current contribution.

Given the continuous decrease, medical educators need to ask themselves the following questions: what may have caused the quantitative decline in anatomy teaching? And, most relevant, what are the ways forward to guarantee adequate quality anatomical knowledge of physicians in the future?

One cause may be the decreased academic status of anatomy in medical schools. Research weighs in on this change of status. Significant anatomical discoveries were made frequently in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the second half of the last century, anatomical discoveries happened,11 but modestly, research diminished, and education became the primary mission of anatomy departments, which consequently decreased in size, funding, and academic staff. Medical graduates with academic research ambitions are now less likely to choose (gross) anatomy as a career unless education is their passion,6,12 resulting in an often voiced lack of qualified anatomy teachers.13

A legitimate wish to turn fragmented and disconnected courses in the medical curriculum into a coherent program based on clear objectives derived from patient care may be another cause. Horizontal integration (ie, the combined educational contributions of various basic sciences) and vertical integration (the integration of clinical subjects with basic science information) have been hallmarks of modern medical curricula,1416 as well as a legitimate shift from memorization of facts to problem-solving.17 Integration makes the contributions of separate basic sciences less demarcated than discipline-based courses, and an unintended consequence of integrated tests is that they allow students to pass with relatively low scores for minor parts of these integrated tests (ie, such as anatomy), whereas previously the anatomical knowledge had their own tests, which required adequate knowledge to pass the tests.18

Next, the notioncorrect or notthat much of what is learned in medical school is not directly useful in clinical practice may have fueled discussions in curriculum committees when searching for space to incorporate new elements in educational programs. Depending on clinical specialties present around a committees table, clinicians may not always have acknowledged how much time and effort it takes for students to acquire new (anatomical) knowledge.19 Encapsul
ated knowledge, once acquired, may become tacit in experienced clinicians,20 causing this underestimation.

Finally, the (again legitimate) push toward more and earlier clinical training in the medical curriculum requires space because curriculum lengths hardly ever increase. This space must be found by decreasing components that seem less relevant. In addition, the substantial costs of anatomy education would be lowered, which may have weighed in with considerations to reduce it.

This multifold background is not so much a deliberate restriction of anatomy education because of its irrelevance; instead, this effect rather seems to be a consequence of wishes to integrate and include new topics in curricula and lower the space and cost of anatomy education.

The authors of this opinion article do not intend to judge what is an acceptable amount of anatomy education and acknowledge, as there is a wide variety in the amount of anatomy education in medical curricula worldwide. Instead, looking to the future, they propose to explore ways medical education might adapt to secure that medical graduates and specialists have sufficient anatomical knowledge to provide high quality and safe patient care.

The status of anatomy education will not return to where it came from. De-integration is not likely to happen (in most schools), and an increase in curricular hours or proportion is not foreseen (in most schools). It is also not expected that gross anatomy will become the central area of research as reflected in the past. Consequently, the future of anatomy teaching and learning is likely to be fundamentally different from the past.

To meet this challenge, multiple conversations with a variety of educators at Utrecht University (notably from anatomy, surgery, radiology, family medicine, and veterinary medicine see acknowledgments), both directly before the COVID-19 pandemic and two years later, combined with internal discussions among the authors and references to a selection of pertinent literature formed the basis for this opinion piece. We requested from the colleagues with whom we had the conversations, an informed oral consent to record and transcribe the sessions and use the content as inputs for our analysis and discussions. The authors conducted focused literature searches using electronic databases and virtual libraries of medical education journals; the search terms related to terminology such as anatomy education approaches, future of anatomy education, the continuum in medical education, and integration in anatomy teaching. The analyses and proposals for various perspectives on the way forward are not a direct reflection of the consulted expert opinions only, nor just of the literature, but a vision among the authors that has matured over the past years. The statements in this perspective article are the authors informed opinions rather than representing a research report.

We offer four ways forward.

The introduction of massive near-peer teaching is the least radical but a sound approach that meets both the lack of anatomical staff and is a theory-based educational method.

A constructivist learning principle is that advanced concepts must connect to a learners existing knowledge base, which is a reason to create such a knowledge base of gross anatomy early.

While there is nothing wrong with attempts to make learning as joyful as possible, acquiring new knowledge and skills is often, and for many students, not necessarily pleasant. In cases where the return on the investment of a students effort occurs only in the longer term, there is a phase of mental plowing that is simply unpleasant, requiring stamina. Most top musicians and sporters will recognize this. One way to shorten that period is to engage senior students in near-peer teaching for junior students. Students as teaching assistants have for a long time been part of anatomy education, but that opportunity is usually reserved for a minority of students as an extra-curricular, often paid activity. In contrast, having all students teach anatomy as a mandatory curricular activity for credits would serve several purposes.21 First, it would provide a much faster relevant purpose for applying acquired anatomical knowledge and an antidote against knowledge decay.22,23 Second, teaching, including the preparations for teaching, is considered a highly effective way of learning.24,25 Third, it would enable organizing small-group education, and faculty members role may be limited to guiding peer teachers rather than teaching students directly. Fourth, while many schools recognize the usefulness of teacher training for medical students, only a few have operationalized this.26 Finally, the interest in a teaching career, such as in anatomy, can be stimulated by teaching experience in medical school.27

This model, applied to clinical reasoning training for junior medical students, has been successfully applied at Utrecht University for over 15 years. All final year medical students must attend teacher training, including the teaching of junior medical students. This clinical reasoning course is entirely run by students, with just teacher oversight. It is one of the most highly valued, practical, and low-cost courses in the curriculum.28,29 A similar model might work for anatomy teaching and be cost-effective, even if it does not reduce infrastructure costs.

The focus of anatomy as a domain of educational scholarship fits the development of medical education as a scholarly discipline.3032 Rather than through new anatomical discoveries, the anatomical discipline can distinguish itself in the future through new educational approaches using technology and other means.

Vertical curriculum integration, often translated as early clinical education in the medical curriculum, also encompasses the teaching and learning of basic sciences during later phases of medical education. The divide between undergraduate preclinical and clinical education has always been the focus of vertical integration,16,33,34 but the extension to postgraduate training is a logical next step. Medical specialties differ in need to rely on specialized anatomical knowledge. Surgery, radiology, neurology, gynecology, and orthopedics all require specialized anatomical knowledge bases, which need not be fully required for family medicine, dermatology or psychiatry. Focused clinical anatomy education and assessment in postgraduate training should secure specialty-specific clinical proficiency. The joint anatomy knowledge base that all medical graduates must master should be enough to enable smooth interaction with any clinical consultant, orally and through writing, and should enable anatomical explanations to patients in primary care settings, such as needed for shared decision making, involving discussion of images in an electronic health record.

Vertical integration over a prolonged time, which implies a regular repetition, also serves knowledge retention and has been recommended for anatomy education21 to prevent loss of basic science knowledge.22,35 Baker has stressed the need to employ clinically qualified anatomy teachers to establish vertical integration, which extends beyond the contribution of radiologists in anatomy teaching, as explained in the next section.21 Mandatory clinical and applied anatomy training, incorporated in residency programs, will be needed to guarantee sufficient and appropriate anatomy knowledge for specialists in surgical disciplines, neurology and radiology.

A more radical approach to teaching the morphology of the human body is a complete integration of radiology and anatomy education.

Classic teaching of gross anatomy has relied heavily on corpses for dissection and prosection. The living body has become translucent with the discovery of X-ray imaging in 1895. Given the rapid speed of development in the past decades of modern medical imaging techniques like Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Nuclear Medicine, the specialty of radiology, encompassing all these imaging techniques, has now
become the discipline to reveal the gross anatomy of the living body. The primary focus of radiology in patient care is to identify, localize and characterize pathology, but the educational potential of radiology for gross anatomy education is immense. The integration with anatomy teaching is increasing36,37 as the interpretation of medical imaging has become an agreed-upon skill for all physicians.38 This vertical integration of anatomy and radiology within the medical curriculum serves the preparation for the way physicians will interact with anatomy in their practices.21 Increasingly, patients can view their radiological images in patient portals of their hospitals. Explanations will be asked from primary care providers who need to be able to interpret these images to patients, if not as an expert, then at least sufficiently for patient consults. In addition, handheld ultrasound devices are becoming common in primary care practice, and an increasing number of schools acknowledge that using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) will be an essential skill for all medical graduates. Chang Chan found that ultrasound imaging is less intuitive for the untrained medical student than other radiological images.39 Interpreting POCUS images is complex and requires extensive practice and special skills; the ultrasounds view does not coincide with the mental image that one develops along the three orthogonal anatomical planes when studying anatomy.39 Nevertheless, there is no reason why junior medical students should not start practicing POCUS to acquire anatomical knowledge that reflects the anatomy they will face in later practice. Many medical schools have incorporated POCUS training, be it yet in a modest sense or with limitations40,41 but there is significant international consensus that medical schools should incorporate it.42 Until half a century ago, first-year medical students in many schools were asked to possess a set of anatomical dissection utensils for gross anatomy, a microscope for histology and cytology, a white coat, and a stethoscope. While the first is no longer the distinctive attributes of a medical student, a tablet computer and a handheld ultrasound device may very well be the attributes of a medical student in the future, as they become increasingly affordable.

Multi-dimensional imaging, using volumetric imaging data acquired with CT or MRI, has been extensively applied in radiological anatomy education in the undergraduate medical curriculum of the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, both for teaching and for student assessment.43 As a result of such developments, radiological anatomy is becoming an essential and likely growing component of anatomy teaching in medical schools.

Dissection practicums and lectures, as century-old dominant methods of anatomy teaching and training, have been supplemented with several new approaches in the 20th century, including models, body painting, and early computer-assisted instruction methods. The 21st century has witnessed tremendous development in technological approaches to anatomy teaching.

Dynamic three-dimensional (3D) images, with features of rotation, displacement, zooming, changeable transparency, and allowing virtual dissection, are rapidly appearing on the market and in non-commercial provisions.44,45 A recent randomized study revealed that students using 3D models of hand and foot answered more subsequent test questions correctly and needed less time than students who completed the assignment using anatomical atlases alone.46 Augmented reality and virtual reality techniques are also quickly emerging,47 while discussions about their precise nature and use are still ongoing.48

Life-size virtual dissection tables have emerged in the last decade as an option to replace cadavers and allow students to use their fingers as scalpels to dissect virtually. One study showed how teaching with a virtual dissection table, combined with live cadaver CT scans, appeared more beneficial to acquiring anatomical knowledge than traditional radiological anatomy seminars and conventional anatomy training.49 New technologies will include holographic and haptic techniques, often first developed for surgery but, with increased availability and lowering cost, very well suited for broader education.

The discussion of whether dissection of cadavers will disappear from medical curricula and be replaced by technology, given the excellent simulation models that have emerged and other technology that will appear on the market, is not one of technology only. Dissection of human cadavers of deceased individuals has an important ethical component. Dissection has long been considered an initiation rite for medical students,50 and some schools have elaborated this education to pay tribute to the life of the deceased and the family, regarding the corpse as a silent mentor for the student.51,52

Anatomy education may be at a crossroads in the history of medical training. Curriculum developers will need to carefully weigh a new position of anatomy education for medical students and residents. And learning anatomy simply requires time; decreased time spent on learning anatomy may not be easily compensated by modern educational techniques.53

The proposed directions that we offer, as food for thought, include a clear education foundation of anatomical knowledge in a very early phase, primarily conducted as near-peer teaching by more advanced students who learn through teaching, and an integration of anatomy with radiology education across the subsequent years. In addition, dedicated postgraduate clinical anatomy education geared to the specialty of interest will likely yield a better learning effect than a concentration of anatomy education in the undergraduate phase. In all phases, technology will have an important role. With augmented reality, images created and combined with images derived from advanced 3D models will allow for a just-in-time learning process that can extend across the educational continuum.

Not all innovations in anatomy education will be available for low-resourced countries.54 While some schools in the more industrialized world have made significant steps in these directions, other, more traditional schools, less involved in curriculum modernization, may have difficulty making such radical steps within a short timeframe. While in low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), technology could represent a problem, other dynamics than economic issues may be more of an impediment to change. Even in those countries, basic and easily accessible technological tools are often available. Rather, major curriculum reforms do not happen as they often disrupt existing practices, power structures, and educational philosophies.55 Hofstedes theory of dimensions of national culture, determined by power distance (PD), in uncertainty avoidance (UA) and in the individualism versus collectivism (IDV) and other dimensions,56 provides a useful lens to reveal that LMICs often have high PD and UA and low IDV. Jippes showed how these dimensions can hamper medical curricular changes.57

Technology is not a replacement of the human senses, needed to discern anatomical structures and its aberrations in pathology. For instance, a handheld ultrasound device to first explore parts of the human body may evolve in the near future into an important diagnostic tool for the physical examination of patients, but requires substantial training and should become an indispensable tool for all medical students, as stethoscope and reflection hammer.42 Therefore, training students, teachers, and professionals in using such technology should become a cornerstone of anatomy training. It will be a matter of global social responsibility to provide access to technological innovations to low- and middle-income countries.

We believe that with rapidly increasing international information exchanges, innovations are likely to spread and be picked up much faster than decades ago and schools will generally move in these directions, slower or faster. With this perspective paper we hope
to have contributed to this movement.

Ana Yoe-Cheng Chang Chan MD is an assistant professor of anatomy at Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Leon (UNAN-Leon), Leon, Nicaragua. Coen Stapper MD is a resident of radiology at University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ronald L.A.W. Bleys MD, PhD is a professor of clinical anatomy at University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Maarten van Leeuwen MD, PhD is a retired associate professor of radiology at University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Olle ten Cate PhD is a professor of medical education at University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The authors wish to thank several colleagues who engaged in conversations about this topic. They include Niek de Wit, Martijn Intven, Manon Horsman, Jelle Ruurda, Dik Rutgers, Daniela Salvatori, Anouk van der Gijp, Stella Mook, Emma Paes, Harold van Rijen, Annet van Royen and Tineke Westerveld. While this was not a qualitative research project, the authors did receive approval to record the conversations from the Netherlands Association for Medical Education Ethical Review Board (NERB#2021.2.8).

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

There is no funding to report.

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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38. Orsbon CP, Kaiser RS, Ross CF. Physician opinions about an anatomy core curriculum: a case for medical imaging and vertical integration. Anat Sci Educ. 2014;7(4):251261. doi:10.1002/ase.1401

39. Chang AYC, Bogran L, Chavarra E, Robles D, Sotelo N. Radiological anatomy as an alternative approach in anatomy teaching. Perception and performance of medical students. Investig en Educ Mdica. 2022;11(41):2533. doi:10.22201/fm.20075057e.2022.41.21384

40. Russell FM, Zakeri B, Herbert A, Ferre RM, Leiser A, Wallach PM. The state of point-of-care ultrasound training in undergraduate medical education. Acad Med. 2022;97(5):723727. doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000004512

41. Feilchenfeld Z, Kuper A, Whitehead C. Stethoscope of the 21st century: dominant discourses of ultrasound in medical education. Med Educ. 2018;52(12):12711287. doi:10.1111/medu.13714

42. Hoppmann RA, Mladenovic J, Melniker L, et al. International consensus conference recommendations on ultrasound education for undergraduate medical students. Ultrasound J. 2022;14:132. doi:10.1186/s13089-022-00279-1

43. Ravesloot CJ, van der Gijp A, van der Schaaf MF, et al. Support for external validity of radiological anatomy tests using volumetric images. Acad Radiol. 2015;22(5):640645. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2014.12.013

44. Zilverschoon M, Kotte EM, van Esch B, ten Cate O, Custers EJ, Bleys RL. Comparing the critical features of e-applications for three-dimensional anatomy education. Ann Anat. 2019;222:2839. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2018.11.001

45. Zilverschoon M, Vincken KL, Bleys RL. The virtual dissecting room: creating highly detailed anatomy models for educational purposes. J Biomed Inform. 2017;65:5875. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2016.11.005

46. Zilverschoon M, Custers EJ, ten Cate O, Kruitwagen CL, Bleys RL. Support for using a three-dimensional anatomy application over anatomical atlases in a randomized comparison. Anat Sci Educ. 2021;19. doi:10.1002/ase.2110

47. Uruthiralingam U, Rea PM. Augmented and Virtual Reality in Anatomical Education a Systematic Review. In: Rea P, editor. Biomedical Visualisation. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2020:89102.

48. Chytas D, Salmas M, Skandalakis GP, Troupis TG. Augmented and virtual reality in anatomy education: can they be effective if they do not provide immersive experience? Anat Sci Educ. 2022;15(2):431433. doi:10.1002/ase.2119

49. Paech D, Giesel FL, Unterhinninghofen R, Schlemmer HP, Kuner T, Doll S. Cadaver-specific CT scans visualized at the dissection table combined with virtual dissection tables improve learning performance in general gross anatomy. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(5):21532160. doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4554-5

50. Shaffer K. Teaching anatomy in the digital world. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):12791281. doi:10.1056/nejmp048100

51. Santibaez S, Boudreaux D, Tseng GF, Konkel K. The tzu chi silent mentor program: application of Buddhist ethics to teach student physicians empathy, compassion, and self-sacrifice. J Relig Health. 2016;55(5):14831494. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0110-x

52. Chiou RJ, Tsai PF, Han DY. Effects of a silent mentor initiation ceremony and dissection on medical students humanity and learning. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2809-0

53. Bergman EM, Prince KJ, Drukker J, van der Vleuten CPM, Scherpbier AJ. How much anatomy is enough? Anat Sci Educ. 2008;1(4):184188. doi:10.1002/ase.35

54. Chang Chan AYC, ten Cate O, Custers EJ, van Leeuwen MS, Bleys RL. Approaches of anatomy teaching for seriously resourcedeprived countries: a literature review. Educ Heal. 2019;32:6274. doi:10.4103/efh.EfH

55. Gale R, Grant J. AMEE medical education guide no. 10: managing change in a medical context: guidelines for action. Med Teach. 1997;19(4):239249. doi:10.3109/01421599709034200

56. Hofstede G. Dimensionalizing cultures: the Hofstede model in context. Online Readings Psychol Cult. 2011;2(1):126. doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1014

57. Jippes M. Culture matters in medical schools. How values shape a successful curriculum change [Doctoral dissertation]. Maastricht University; 2012.

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Are We Facing the End of Gross Anatomy Teaching as We Have Known It fo | AMEP - Dove Medical Press

"On September 29, the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) began collecting aerial damage assessment images in the aftermath of Hurricane Ian. Imagery is being collected in specific areas by NOAA aircraft, identified by NOAA in coordination with FEMA and other state and federal partners. Collected images are available to view online via the NGS aerial imagery viewer. View tips on how to use the imagery viewer. NOAA's aerial imagery aids safe navigation and captures damage to coastal areas caused by a storm. Aerial imagery is a crucial tool to determine the extent of the damage inflicted by flooding, and to compare baseline coastal areas to assess the damage to major ports and waterways, coastlines, critical infrastructure, and coastal communities. This imagery provides a cost-effective way to better understand the damage sustained to both property and the environment. View collected NOAA Emergency Response Imagery below. New imagery will be posted as soon as it is available."

See more from NOAA HERE:

Here's the 850mb temp anomaly from AM Sunday to AM Saturday of next weekend. Note the oranges and reds in place through midweek, which suggests above average temps through that time frame. However, there is a sharp cold front that will blast through late Wednesday with temps tumbling into the 40s and 50s on Thursday and Friday across the state with widespread frost/freeze concerns.

Here's a look at the extended temperature outlook for Minneapolis. Note that highs will warm into the 70s through Wednesday before the bottom falls out late week. High on Thursday and Friday will only warm into the 40s and 50s across the state, which will be well below average for early October.

This is fairly deep into the extended forecast, but there does appear to be fairly widespread frost/freeze potential on Friday morning. At this point, temps could dip into the 20s and 30s across much of the state. Stay tuned...

According to the US Drought Monitor (updated September 27th), severe drought continues in the Twin Cities. Areas of moderate to severe drought stretch from the Twin Cities to the MN River Valley, where precipitation amounts are running several inches below average since January 1st.

Here's the precipitation outlook through the first full week of October, which shows very little rainfall across the region. The best chance of any accumulation will be across the northern and western part of the state, where up to 0.25" may be possible.

Here's the weather outlook through the first week of October, which shows isolated rain chances through midweek. These rain chances will be fairly light across the Midwest with up to 0.25" rain possible for some. There will be a more potent front that arrives late Wednesday with more widespread showers across the Great Lakes Region and it could be cold enough for snow closer to the international border and the northern Great Lakes!

Thanks to dwindling daylight and chilly overnight lows, the fall color progress is really starting to come around. It won't be long now and those fall colors will be quite prevalent across the state. Enjoy!

The MN DNR has put together a nice graphic that shows typical dates for peak fall color. The northern par of the state starts to peak during the 2nd half of September into early October. Meanwhile, folks in the central part of the state and into the metro typically don't see peak color until the end of September into the middle part of October. It won't be long now - enjoy!

Here's the 30 year average for the first frost in Minneapolis, which lands on October 13th. Last year (2021) the first frost was on October 23rd. If you look at the full MSP record, which dates back to 1873, the latest frost was November 18th back in 2016, while the earliest frost was September 3rd back in 1974.

Here's the average first measurable snowfall (0.01") at MSP over the last 30 years, which lands on November 6th. Last year, MSP had its first measurable snow on November 13th. The last was on December 3rd back in 1928, while the earliest was September 24th in 1985.

Temperature on Sunday will be nearly +5F to +10F above average for the second day of October. There could be a few isolated showers here and there, but most will stay dry.

The weather outlook for Minneapolis on Sunday shows a mix of clouds and sun with temperatures warming to near 70F, which will be above average for early October. There could be a few isolated showers across the northern and western part of the state, but again, most will stay dry.

The hourly forecast for Minneapolis on Sunday shows temps starting in the mid 50s in the morning and warming to near 70F by the afternoon. Skies will generally be dry with a mix of clouds and sun. Southeasterly winds will be around 10mph-15mph.

The extended temperature outlook for Minneapolis over the next several days shows temps warming into the 60s and 70s through midweek, which will be above average for early October. However, there is a bigger cooldown lurking for late week with highs running well below average.

The extended weather outlook over the next 7 days shows milder weather in place through the first half of the week. A sharp cool front blows through midweek, which will drop temps to below average temps once again later in the week. In fact, daytime highs may only warm into the 50s with frosty overnight lows.

According to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, the 8 to 14 day temperature outlook shows above average temps continuing across much of the Western US with cooler than average readings in the eastern & northeastern US.

According to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, the 8 to 14 Day precipitation outlook shows dry weather in place across the Midwest and Eastern US.

Hurricane forecasting has come a long way since the days of relying on ship reports to determine where a storm was heading. Today we have satellites, Doppler and sophisticated weather models.

Data shows that meteorologists do a better job predicting hurricane tracks than intensity. But "Ian" was a very difficult hurricane to predict. Landfall forecasts shifted from the Panhandle to Tampa, then Sarasota and finally Fort Myers, leaving little time for locals to evacuate inland.

There is little infrastructure to accommodate millions of evacuees east of I-75. Newcomers to Florida may be more skeptical when evacuation orders do arrive, and some didn't have transportation options or money to flee their beachfront homes. We need to find better/smarter ways to move people, even on those rare occasions when there's only 24-36 hours of advance lead-time.

Today should be sunnier and drier with a shot at 70, with mid-70s Monday and Tuesday, before 50s and frost return by late week.

London Vikings weather: 50s and wet.

SUNDAY: Partly sunny, lukewarm. Winds: SE 7-12. High: 70.

SATURDAY NIGHT: Mostly cloudy. Winds: SSE 5-10. Low: 55.

MONDAY: Partly sunny and pleasant. Winds: S 10-15. Wake-up: 54. High: 73.

TUESDAY: Damp with a few showers. Winds: SW 8-13. Wake-up: 58. High: 66.

WEDNESDAY: Intervals of sunshine. Winds: NW 7-12. Wake-up: 57. High: 68.

THURSDAY: Chilly breeze, feels like October. Winds: N 10-20. Wake-up: 43. High: 53.

FRIDAY: A little frost? Cool blue sky. Winds: SW 5-10. Wake-up: 35. High: 51.

SATURDAY: Some sun, few showers. Winds: SE 7-12. High: 69.

October 2nd

1953: A record high of 90 for the St. Cloud area is recorded in 1953 (and later tied in 1992). Minneapolis also sets a record that same day in 1953 with a high of 89 degrees.

1849: Persistent rain at Ft. Snelling accumulates to 4 inches in one and a half days.

October 2nd

Average High: 66F (Record: 89F set in 1953)

Average Low: 47F (Record: 22F set in 1974)

Record Rainfall: 2.18" set in 2017

Record Snowfall: None

October 2nd

Sunrise: 7:12am

Sunset: 6:52pm

Hours of Daylight: ~11 hours & 39 minutes

Daylight LOST since yesterday: ~ 3 minutes & 6 seconds

Daylight LOST since Winter S
olstice (December 21st): ~ 4 hour & 1 minutes

0.3 Days Since First Quarter Moon

The weather outlook on Sunday shows well below average temperatures in place in the Eastern US, where remnants of Ian will be present. It'll be pretty close to average for early October in the Central US and well above average in the Pacific Northwest.

The remnants of Ian will linger across the Mid-Atlantic States with showery, cool and gusty winds. Meanwhile, a stagnant area of precipitation will be found along the Front Range with high elevation snow possible.

The weather outlook through Monday shows remnants of Ian lingering across the Mid-Atlantic States with breezy, cool and showery weather. Lingering precipitation will be found across the Front Range and Intermountain-West.

According to NOAA's Weather Prediction Center, areas of heavy rain from the remnants of Ian will begin to fade in the Mid-Atlantic States. There will also be wetter weather through the Intermountain-West

"Of all the hazards that hurricanes bring, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. It can sweep homes off their foundations, flood riverside communities miles inland, and break up dunes and levees that normally protect coastal areas against storms. As a hurricane reaches the coast, it pushes a huge volume of ocean water ashore. This is what we call storm surge. This surge appears as a gradual rise in the water level as the storm approaches. Depending on the size and track of the hurricane, storm surge flooding can last for several hours. It then recedes after the storm passes. Water level heights during a hurricane can reach 20 feet or more above normal sea level. With powerful waves on top of it, a hurricane's storm surge can cause catastrophic damage."

See more from The Conversation HERE:

"Hurricane Ian carved a cruel path of destruction across the Florida Peninsula overnight, emerging over the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Canaveral as a large and wet tropical storm at 11 a.m. EDT Thursday. Along its path, Ian dumped record amounts of rain, including over two feet near New Smyrna Beach and over a foot in Orlando. The torrential rains triggered multiple flash flood emergencies and record river flooding. Though greatly reduced in strength, the destructive hurricane is now headed for South Carolina, where landfall as a category 1 hurricane with 75 mph winds is expected to occur on Friday morning."

See more from Yale Climate Connections HERE:

"After its driest three-year stretch on record, California braces for another year with below-average snow and rain. Conditions are shaping up to be a "recipe for drought." As California's 2022 water year ends this week, the parched state is bracing for another dry year its fourth in a row. So far, in California's recorded history, six previous droughts have lasted four or more years, two of them in the past 35 years. Despite some rain in September, weather watchers expect a hot and dry fall, and warn that this winter could bring warm temperatures and below-average precipitation. Conditions are shaping up to be a "recipe for drought": a La Nina climate pattern plus warm temperatures in the Western Tropical Pacific that could mean critical rain and snowstorms miss California, according to Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UCLA and The Nature Conservancy."

See more from Local News Matters HERE:

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Anatomy of a Weather Catastrophe - Star Tribune

Greys Anatomy season 19 will premiere on broadcast this month, but we have to wait for it to come to Netflix. When will it arrive on the streamer?

I know what youre thinking.Greys Anatomy season 19 will arrive this month. While that is correct, its not coming to Netflix. The series will premiere on ABC on Thursday, Oct. 6, but the episodes dont immediately head to Netflix.

Unsurprisingly, the episodes head to Hulu first. Disney does own both Hulu and ABC. The series still heads to Netflix once all episodes of the season have aired, so we have a bit of a wait on our hands.

Assuming no contracts have changed, well see the full season arrive on Netflix 30 days after the season finale. Of course, ABC has not set any finale dates just yet, but we usually see them in May of each year. This is usually around the middle to the end of May.

That means were looking atGreys Anatomy season 19 arriving on Netflix around the middle or end of June. Well be sure to keep an eye on things closer to the time to let you know.

This season will see a lot of change. To start with, Meredith Grey isnt going to be around for the whole season. While Ellen Pompeo will still narrate the episodes, Meredith is only going to be included in eight episodes out of the whole season. Its time for the show to see if it can stand without her.

Well also see some new residents. The Residency Program has reopened after a six-month shutdown, and there are some eager interns looking to prove themselves. Meredith is still interim chief for now, but will that change? Nick returns and its the first time Meredith has seen him since she turned down the offer to move to Minnesota. Is there hope for the two of them?

It also turns out that Link is a little bit like Derek. Hes already hooked up with one of the interns without realizing shes an intern. Things are about to get awkward at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital.

Greys Anatomy seasons 1 to 18 are on Netflix.

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Greys Anatomy season 19 is not coming to Netflix in October 2022 - Netflix Life

When you see unusual plays, you may wonder where those odd gambits came from, and if there had been any indication that they were coming. In the case of Minnesota Vikings receiver Justin Jeffersons three-yard touchdown run against the New Orleans Saints at Londons Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, early Sunday morning (for us Yanks), there was quite a bit of preamble.

First, the play itself, which helped the Vikings go to 3-1 on the season with a 28-25 win:

Dalton couldnt, but he gave it his level best. The Saints were down 16-7 until late in the third quarter.

In any event, the Vikings had been running Jefferson, their best receiver and one of the NFLs top three at his position, on sweeps all season long its just that there was very little statistical impact from those plays at least on Jeffersons stat sheets.

The Vikings had run Jefferson on sweep or cross motion 16 times through the first three games. He had never taken the ball on a run play with that motion, and he had caught two passes on three targets for five yards with such motions. All three targets were against the Packers in Week 1, and heres the five-yard catch.

So, you could say that the Vikings, led by head coach and offensive shot-caller Kevin OConnell, had been waiting all season for the perfect opportunity to give Jefferson the ball as a runner. As Jefferson had just seven rushing attempts for 16 yards in NFL career, this came as a surprise to the Saints but it shouldnt have been a complete surprise.

Why? Because the Vikings have been setting this up all season long and when Jefferson gets the ball in such schemes, it can work pretty well. Ask the Baltimore Ravens, who gave up this 11-yard sweep run to Jefferson in Week 9 of the 2021 season.

Story originally appeared on Touchdown Wire

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Anatomy of a Play: Vikings were setting up Justin Jeffersons rushing TD all season - Yahoo Sports

Ever wondered how exactly Spider-Man clings to buildings? Curious what gives Squirrel Girl the ability to communicate with squirrels? A new book, Marvel Anatomy: A Scientific Study of the Superhuman,details the anatomy of over 60 superheroes and supervillains with detailed illustrations and insightful text. It even includes mutants, aliens, and those with technologically-enhanced abilities. The Marvel Anatomy book will be available on October 25, 2022 but you can pre-order it now.Below are exclusive pages of Throg, Howard the Duck, and Daredevil from the upcoming book.

The books premise is that TChalla and Shuri are compiling the information as a result to the threat of a Skrull invasion. As we know, they can shape-shift and trick even Earths mightiest heroes. The Skrulls from the comicsare more nefarious than those weve seen so far in Captain Marvel. Eventually Reed Richards of the Fantastic Four figured out a way to identify Skrulls.

This could be a hint about some plot points of Marvels upcoming Secret Invasion TV series.Or it could just be for fun. The anatomical illustrations are from concept artist Jonah Lobe. Marc Sumerak and Daniel Wallacewrote the text that is careful not to reveal any secret identities in case it falls into the wrong hands.The publishers site shows off more artwork, including for Red Hulk, Jocasta, the Thing, and symbiotes like Venom.

Fun facts from Marvel Anatomy include that Daredevil can recognize anyone by their scent from 50 feetaway. When it comes to Throg, theres speculation about his origins and whether a prank from Loki was involved in his creation.A bit of TChallas personal opinions color each entry. He approves of Throg, calling him the Frog of Thunder.Meanwhile, his disdain for Howard the Duck is clear. The text includes that Howard undoubtedly stands out when measured against our planets heroes and villains, but only because of his remarkable mediocrity.

After devouring the Marvel Anatomy book, you can also learn real-life anatomy lessons by studying Pokmon anatomy.Or check out how wildly differenthumans would look if we had anatomy similar to animals. Basically, science is cool, even with it is wrapped up in fiction.

Melissa is Nerdists science & technology staff writer. She also moderates science of panels at conventions and co-hosts Star Warsologies, a podcast about science and Star Wars. Follow her on Twitter @melissatruth.

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MARVEL ANATOMY Book Illustrates the Science of Superhuman Abilities - Nerdist

Its been over seven years since Derek McDreamy Shepherd was killed off of Greys Anatomy, meeting his demise by way of car crash and incompetent doctors at the end of Season 11. So it goes to show how strong his relationship with Meredith Grey was that going into Season 19, they are still considered by many to be the series flagship couple. Thats a burden that Scott Speedman has to bear, as he talked about what it's like to play Meredith's new beau, Nick Marsh, for an audience that is so passionately invested in Meredith's love life.

Scott Speedman will be back when Greys Anatomy Season 19 premieres on October 6, but his role this season has been reduced to recurring, as Ellen Pompeo announced well also be seeing far less of Meredith Grey. It seems like Nick has earned a stamp of approval from the fandom, and the actor told InStyle he knows thats not something to take for granted. Speedman said:

I dont really know how [Dr. Marsh] measures up to her past romantic partners. But viewers, especially with her, theyre very protective of that character and whoever shes linked with. I dont think Ive ever done anything with this much fandom. Or maybe, over the years, I just havent been doing shows where theres such a link between the show and their fans and how fierce they are on social media and all that kind of stuff. So, its been interesting and fun.

With a loyal fandom that still wishes MerDer were a real-life couple, perhaps filling Patrick Dempseys shoes was a more daunting task than Scott Speedman was ready for. (He did compare fans reactions to The Shining, after all.) Meredith dated other men after Dereks death, with Nathan Riggs and Andrew DeLuca likely being the most serious, but Nick might just be Merediths endgame, since Ellen Pompeo said she will not return to Greys full time.

Whether or not Nick and Meredith ride off into the Minnesota sunset together remains to be seen, but that did seem like the plan Ellen Pompeos character hoped for at the end of Season 18. At least it was before Miranda Bailey quit her job and left Meredith as the chief of surgery, and Meredith sent Nick back to the Land of 10,000 Lakes alone. A preview for the new season shows Miranda and Nick both returning after six months, and I cant wait to get caught up on whats been going on. Check out the trailer for yourself:

Meredith had chosen at the end of last season to accept a full-time position at The Grey Center in Minnesota a decision that was not met with support from her colleagues. Her rant to Nick about being the only one not allowed to leave to pursue other opportunities felt a little too real, after a year-plus of headlines that centered around Pompeo wanting the show to end.

It seems Ellen Pompeo has found an eventual way out, and by proxy, Meredith as well, as Season 19 goes back to the beginning, with a new group of five interns. The drama starts at 9 p.m. ET Thursday, October 6, on ABC. In the meantime, check out our 2022 TV Schedule to see what other premieres are coming up, and you can rewatch any of Greys Anatomys first 21 seasons with a Netflix subscription.

Read more from the original source:
Grey's Anatomy Actor Scott Speedman Talks 'Measuring Up' To McDreamy In The Eyes Of The Fans - CinemaBlend

Grey's Anatomy star Sarah Drew has addressed the possibility of a spin-off for her character April Kepner and Jesse Williams's Jackson Avery.

Fans last saw the couple in season 18 as they rekindled their romance following their departure the season before.

However, many fans are keen to follow 'Japril's' exploits aways from Grey's, and Drew admitted in a new interview that she gets asked a lot about it.

Related: Grey's Anatomy boss explains how new recruits will fill Ellen Pompeo's absence

"So many people ask me about a 'Japril' spinoff, and Jesse and I have both been very verbal about how much we would love to see something like that happen," she told Entertainment Tonight.

"We love working together. We love that relationship and any opportunity to get to see them onscreen together more, I think a lot of people would be happy about that. We'd be happy with that, so we'll see."

Drew admitted there weren't any plans at the moment to bring the couple back for season 19, though did stress: "When I came back for the 400th it was like three weeks before we started shooting. So you never know! That door is always open."

Related: Grey's Anatomy star Sandra Oh reunites with co-star and creator

Last month, Williams himself spoke to Digital Spy about a potential Japril show, quipping that it may be difficult to fit in with his "movie star" schedule.

"Really? Well, I think that there would be an audience for that, but who knows," he said. "I'm a big superhero villain franchise movie star now, so I don't know that I have time in my schedule for that."

Grey's Anatomy returns for season 19 on October 6, airing on ABC in the US. In the UK, seasons 1-17 are streaming on Disney+, while season 18 is available via Sky Witness and NOW.

Grey's Anatomy Season 17 DVD [2021]

Watch Grey's Anatomy with Disney+

Disney+Disney+

How to Save a Life: The Inside Story of Grey's Anatomy by Lynette Rice

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Grey's Anatomy's Sarah Drew teases spin-off with Jesse Williams - Digital Spy

Grey's Anatomy is finally returning for its 19th season on Oct. 6, and star Chandra Wilson, who plays Dr. Miranda Bailey, revealed a funny behind-the-scenes story while promoting its premiere on The Jennifer Hudson Show.

After Wilson and Jennifer Hudson spoke about how amazing it is that Grey's Anatomy has been on for so many years, the host asked Wilson, "How do you remember all of those medical terms?"

In response, the 53-year-old said, "I still don't know what I'm saying half of the time," before she launched into a story about one particular example of a word she had trouble pronouncing.

Wilson began, "The first time I knew this was gonna be a trip wasbecause I'm from Houston, TexasI had a piece of dialogue that said some kind of line in reference to the ambulance, and so when I got to it, I would just say, you know, 'I have to go out to the ambulance,' and then they would say, 'Cut.'"

As Wilson told the story, you could hear a distinct difference in how she said "ambulance" when she introduced the story versus when she re-enacted the line from the show.

During her reenactment, the actress mispronounced the word, making a "boo" sound when saying the second syllable of the word.

(scroll to keep reading)

The Grey's Anatomy star continued, saying that they kept asking her to do the line again; to her confusion, she didn't realize what she was doing wrong.

Then, the script supervisor, Nicole Rubio, walked in and asked her to "read this word."

Wilson recounted, saying to Rubio, "What? I said it! 'Ambulance.' What's the problem?" She told Hudson that was when she realized she'd been saying the word wrong the whole time.

As Hudson and the audience laughed at the funny story, Wilson admitted that she still has to remind herself how to correctly pronounce it sometimes.

For the more complex medical terminology, she has to "play games" to remember the correct pronunciation, like with the word "anastomosis." Apparently, to remember the diction, the show's medical director, Linda Klein, told her to "Think of 'nasty Moses,'" and then it stuck.

You can watch Wilson recount the tale in the embedded video above.

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Chandra Wilson Recalls Mispronouncing This Common Word in Early Seasons of 'Grey's Anatomy' - Parade Magazine

The timing of the governments action against the Popular Front of India was a secret till the end, but it carried a sense of the inevitable. Vijaita Singh, Abdul Latheef Naha, K.S Sudhi and Devesh K. Pandey report on the chronology and the reaction

The timing of the governments action against the Popular Front of India was a secret till the end, but it carried a sense of the inevitable. Vijaita Singh, Abdul Latheef Naha, K.S Sudhi and Devesh K. Pandey report on the chronology and the reaction

In the early hours of September 22, when a joint team of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) and the Delhi Police raided a flat in Shaheen Bagh in southeast Delhi, it first removed a huge iron board erected outside. The green-and-white board, on which Popular Front of India (PFI) was painted in bold letters, would have made it easy for people to gather at the building, said Shahnawaz Khan, a real estate agent who was present when the raids took place.

The raid was not restricted to the Delhi headquarters of the PFI, located in rented accommodation on the ground floor of the building in the congested area of Shaheen Bagh; the Union Home Ministry and the Intelligence Bureau (IB) had chalked out a plan to detain and arrest key PFI functionaries across India that day. This gave the PFI no time to react or mobilise people in protest. Barring Kerala, which saw large-scale violence the next day on account of a flash hartal called by the outfit, no incident was reported from any other region even though the PFI has a presence in 23 States and Union Territories. In a coordinated operation, 109 members of the PFI were picked up from different States by the NIA and the police and detained under the stringent Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), under which it is near impossible to secure bail.

A second round of raids followed on September 27, when second-rung leaders and supporters of the PFI were taken into preventive custody. Hours later, the Home Ministry declared the PFI and its eight front organisations, including its student wing, the Campus Front of India (CFI), as unlawful associations for five years. The operation, code-named Octopus, was kept under wraps, with IB Director Tapan Kumar Deka and National Security Adviser Ajit Doval monitoring the situation from September 21 from a control room. No one in the top leadership of the PFI was absconding or had gone underground.

They first broke into the homes of the national leadership [of the PFI]. The arrests were not based on any findings; the real intention was to detain the leadership. The NIA has levelled several allegations [against the PFI]. Many leaders had no cases against them in the past. Our founding chairman, E. Abubacker (72), is a cancer patient. He has also been taken to Delhi, said Ahmad Kutti, who handled media relations for the PFI in Kerala, a day before the ban was imposed.

Aneesh, an accused detained during a raid by the Special Cell of the Delhi Police for his alleged association with the PFI, at Amar Colony police station, in New Delhi.| Photo Credit: PTI

The ban on the PFI had been in the works for a few years, but the perception that the Central government led by the Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) was dithering on account of a possible backlash from friendly Muslim countries in West Asia, especially after the Nupur Sharma episode, expedited the move. (Sharma made controversial remarks on Prophet Mohammad and was suspended from the BJP following a diplomatic storm.) The upcoming Assembly elections in Karnataka, where the PFI, the CFI and the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI), regarded as the political wing of the PFI, have gained considerable electoral ground, were also a factor, an official from the Home Ministry said.

The PFI was founded in 2006, a year after the merger of three Muslim groups the National Democratic Front in Kerala, the Karnataka Forum for Dignity, and the Manitha Neethi Pasarai in Tamil Nadu. It described itself as a non-governmental organisation and a neo-social movement striving for the empowerment of marginalised, deprived and oppressed sections of India. While its origins were in south India, the PFI soon expanded across the country by merging with other organisations. There were no women among the 13 members of the national leadership of the PFI, who were all Muslim. The PFI had a strong cadre-based presence in Kerala. In its ban order, the Home Ministry said that some of the leaders of the PFI were members of the outlawed Students Islamic Movement of India.

The ban order cited the first major instance of violence which propelled the PFI to the limelight: the attack on Professor T.J. Joseph of Newman College in Keralas Idukki district in 2010. A question paper Joseph had set for an internal exam was perceived by some as offending Muslim religious sentiments (denigrating the Prophet). In July that year, when Joseph was returning from church one evening, his hand was chopped off by activists allegedly belonging to the PFI. He was then suspended from college. Joseph was reinstated in service only in 2014 on a Friday and accorded a retirement farewell the following Monday. But he had already suffered another tragedy by then: his wife had died by suicide.

Soon after this incident, cases against the PFI started mounting. The activities of the PFI cost some of its members their jobs. On January 26 this year, the PFI launched a seven-month Save the Republic campaign from Tamil Nadu. Speaking at the inaugural programme in Kanniyakumari, Anis Ahmed, the national general secretary of the PFI, who is now imprisoned, thanked those present because in todays India it takes extraordinary courage to attend a PFI programme. A post-graduate in computer application, Ahmed regularly participated on TV debates. He was sacked in July by the mobile phone company in Bengaluru, where he held the position of global technical officer. In 2020, O.M.A. Salam, chairman of the PFI, who holds a masters degree in chemistry from the University of Calicut, was suspended from the Kerala State Electricity Board where he was employed.

Since 2010, more than 1,400 criminal cases have been registered against leaders and members of the PFI and its affiliates across the country. The NIA registered 19 PFI-related cases and filed charge sheets against 355 persons; five cases were registered this year. The agency secured convictions of 46 arraigned persons, including 21 members of the PFI and the SDPI found guilty of participating in an arms training camp in 2013 at Narath in Kannur, under various provisions of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the UAPA. The NIA alleged in court that the PFI conspired to indulge in unlawful activities to create enmity among members of different religions and groups, thereby intending to disrupt public tranquility and cause disaffection against India.

In this context, the ban on the PFI and its affiliates has not come as a surprise. Although most organisations were circumspect in their reactions to the Central governments action, sources within the PFI camp said they had been expecting the ban to take place. What more can you anticipate in a country ruled by the biggest communal organisation, asked K.P.O. Rahmathulla, Kerala general secretary of the National Confederation of Human Rights Organisations (NCHRO), one of the organisations banned by the Home Ministry. He said the NCHRO has now stopped all its activities. We will not be responsible if anyone acts or makes statements in the name of the organisation, he said. Some PFI leaders arrested by the NIA, including P. Koya, a retired college lecturer and a national council member of the group, had apparently geared themselves up for incarceration.

The SDPI said the ban was the latest instance of the ruling dispensation muzzling opposition. SDPI national president M.K. Faizy said all those who spoke against the BJP regime were being ruthlessly suppressed. The general secretary of SDPI Kerala, Ajmal Ismail, described the ban as part of an undeclared emergency. A ban could not exterminate a group, h
e said. The RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) was banned thrice; today, it rules the nation. The Communist Party of India was banned in the country, but today it rules Kerala, Ismail said. He claimedthat it was thefailure of secular parties that Hindutva groups had tightened their grip over the country. The problem with the secular parties is that they view the hunter and victim with the same eye. This stand will never strengthen democracy. We dont expect justice when forces like the RSS are in power.

The Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) said it had opposed the PFIs ideology since its inception and would continue fighting all forms of communalism. The PFI has done great harm to minorities. Its activities fuelled majority communalism in the country, said IUML national general secretary P.K. Kunhalikutty, a legislator in the Kerala Assembly. But banning the PFI while allowing a communally extremist organisation like the RSS to act according to its whims is unfair.

In its report filed before the Special Court in Kochi in connection with the arrest of 11 PFI leaders from Kerala, the NIA alleged that the activists of the PFI and its feeder organisations had encouraged vulnerable youth to join terrorist organisations, including the Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Islamic State, and al-Qaeda. The accused had conspired to establish Islamic rule in India by committing terrorist acts as part of violent jihad, the report said. The PFI was also involved in spreading disaffection against India by wrongfully interpreting government policies for a particular section of people with a view of creating hatred against the state and its machinery, the NIA alleged.

Among those rounded up by the NIA as part of its countrywide crackdown on the PFI were Abdul Sathar, general secretary of the PFI in Kerala, and Karamana Ashraf Moulavi, who was in-charge of the education wing of the organisation. The leaders of the PFI were accused of propagating an alternative justice delivery system justifying the use of criminal force and creating enmity between people of different religions and groups.

Editorial | Sledgehammer approach: On PFI ban

The NIA said it had seized documents during the searches on September 22 that show that prominent leaders of a particular community were in the PFIs target. The ban order mentions nine murder cases between 2016 and 2022 in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in which PFI members are alleged to be involved; six victims belonged to the RSS or the BJP. Most killings were retaliatory. In 2018, for instance, the Kerala Police had arraigned some activists of the SDPI in connection with the killing of Abhimanyu, a student of a tribal community and leader of the left-wing Students Federation of India, in the Maharajas College premises in Ernakulam. The first accused, J.I. Muhammad, was the unit president of the CFI.

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has also been conducting a probe against the PFI and its related individuals and entities under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act since May 2018, on the basis of cases registered by the NIA and other agencies under various provisions of the Explosive Substances Act, the Arms Act, the UAPA and the IPC. Its probe has revealed that over 120 crore has been deposited in the accounts of PFI and related entities over the years, mostly in cash. Investigations have further established the criminal conspiracy of PFI in raising/collecting funds through unknown and suspicious sources from within the country as well as abroad and subsequent transfer, layering and integration of such funds for eventual use in their continuous unlawful activities over time, the ED alleged. The acts include inciting violence and fomenting trouble leading to the Delhi riots of 2020 and the visit of PFI/CFI members to Uttar Pradeshs Hathras in 2020 with an intent of disturbing communal harmony, said an ED official. In the Hathras case, the agency said K.A. Rauf Sherif, a PFI member and national general secretary of the CFI, had allegedly connived with others abroad to get 1.36 crore transferred from overseas on the pretext of payments related to the international trade of goods. His four associates were travelling to Hathras to conduct protests when they were arrested by the Uttar Pradesh Police. A case was registered under the UAPA. Sherif was later arrested by the ED and a charge sheet filed against him and the others in February 2021.

The ED alleged that PFI leaders and members associated with overseas entities were developing a residential Munnar Villa Vista Project in Kerala with the objective of laundering the money collected. Subsequent investigations led to the arrest of Abdul Razak B.P. and Ashraf M.K. The ED came across details of transactions to the tune of 22 crore. The then treasurer of the PFI, P. Koya, told the ED that the outfit did not receive funds from abroad under its policy. But the ED found that the PFI had thousands of active members in the Gulf countries and had been raising substantial collections from abroad. These funds were not reflected in the PFIs bank accounts, indicating that they were transferred through hawala channels or remitted into the accounts of the PFIs members, activists or office-bearers.

A day after the ban, Joseph said that the PFI, which wanted to establish a theocratic state and had resorted to violence for the purpose, should have been banned after the 2010 attack on him. That would have saved many lives, he said.

See original here:
The anatomy of a crackdown - The Hindu

The Drum has launched a new podcast series, which will take listeners behind the scenes on iconic work and discuss the latest creative trends with guests like British photographer Rankin and Ogilvy ECD Jules Chalkley.

Have you listened to the Anatomy of an Ad podcast yet? / The Drum

Throughout the episodes, reporter Amy Houston will be chatting to experts on topics such as LGBTQ+ representation in advertising, tackling ageism in adland and how big tech companies are hindering womens health campaigns.

The series features conversations with some of advertisings top thinkers, including creatives from Acast, Rankin Creative, MadeBrave and Ogilvy.

Leading independent podcast company Acast is sponsor of the series. In the debut episode, we hear from its global head of creative Jack Preston about what makes a good audio ad, some of his personal favorites and how brands can get a little bit more creative in the space.

Brands should be spending money [and] putting in time and effort to work with composers and audio sound designers to help craft ads, Preston said.

Podcasting is an area where spoken word rules and a lot of the time you can deliver a message succinctly and powerfully, but integrating those creatives within the process can be valuable.

Each week a new episode of Anatomy of an Ad will be available on The Drums newly-launched podcast hub, which also hosts The Drum Network show and TV Talks presented by John McCarthy and Hannah Bowler.

View post:
The Drum Launches Anatomy Of An Ad Podcast Series To Delve Into Creative Trends - The Drum

Location:ParkvilleRole type:Full time; Fixed-termfor 12 monthsFaculty: Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesDepartment/School:Department of Anatomy and PhysiologySalary:Level A $77,171 $104,717p.a. (pro rata for part-time) plus 17% super

The University of Melbourne would like to acknowledge and pay respect to the Traditional Owners of the lands upon which our campuses are situated, the Wurundjeri and Boon Wurrung Peoples, the Yorta Yorta Nation, the Dja Dja Wurrung People. We acknowledge that the land on which we meet and learn was the place of age-old ceremonies, of celebration, initiation and renewal, and that the local Aboriginal Peoples have had and continue to have a unique role in the life of these lands.

About the Department of Anatomy and Physiology

The Department of Anatomy and Physiology has only recently come into fruition and is an amalgamation between the Departments of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Physiology. Both Departments have long and illustrious history and have come together to produce a Department with a remarkable breadth and depth in research expertise that underpin our key research themes of neuroscience, metabolism and cardiovascular sciences, muscle biology, and cell biology.

The goal of the combined department is to remain at the forefront of scientific research aimed at understanding the structure and function of the human body in health and disease, employing novel and imaginative research methods.

About the Role

The Research Fellow will work within the Wells Laboratory on NHMRC funded research. The role will conduct supervised research using pluripotent stem cells to model macrophage biology. The role will also require the provision of support for research projects and programs within the laboratory, including administration and maintenance and use of information systems.

Responsibilities include:

About You

You will be an experienced research fellow with experience and expertise in pluripotent stem cell culture or human macrophage biology. Your excellent verbal and written communication skills allow you to demonstrate effective research collaboration and engagement. Your strong organisational skills allow you to maintain accurate and detailed laboratory records, and manage competing priorities.

You will also have:

About the University

The University of Melbourne is consistently ranked amongst the leading universities in the world. We are proud of our people, our commitment to research and teaching excellence, and our global engagement.

Benefits of Working with Us

In addition to having the opportunity to grow and be challenged, and to be part of a vibrant campus life, our people enjoy a range of rewarding benefits:

To find out more, visithttps://about.unimelb.edu.au/careers/staff-benefits.

Be Yourself

We value the unique backgrounds, experiences and contributions that each person brings to our community and encourage and celebrate diversity. First Nations people, those identifying as LGBTQIA+, females, people of all ages, with disabilities and culturally and linguistically diverse people are encouraged to apply. Our aim is to create a workforce that reflects the community in which we live.

Join Us!

If you feel this role is right for you, please submit your application including a brief cover letter, your resume and your responses against the selection criteria^ (found in the Position Description) for the role.

^For information to help you with compiling short statements to answer the selection criteria and competencies, please go tohttp://about.unimelb.edu.au/careers/selection-criteria

We are dedicated to ensuring barrier free and inclusive practices to recruit the most talented candidates. If you require any reasonable adjustments with the recruitment process, please contact us athr-talent@unimelb.edu.au.

Please note: To be considered for this role you must havecurrent valid work rights for Australia

osition Description:0057175 - PD.pdf

Applications close:27 Oct2022 11:55 PMAUS Eastern Standard Time

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Research Fellow, Department of Anatomy and Physiology job with UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE | 310587 - Times Higher Education

On the face of it, an election for the next Congress president is a welcome departure from the way political party leaders are picked for the top spot.

Inner-party elections are opaque. The high command of a party has the last word. The BJP is no exception. All its past presidents were hand-picked by the BJP high command in concurrence with the top leaders of the RSS. Most recently these included Nitin Gadkari, Rajnath Singh, Amit Shah and JP Nadda.

Other parties dont even go through the pretence of sifting through candidates before choosing one, ostensibly on merit.

The top dynastic leadership of Tejashwi Yadavs RJD, Akhilesh Yadavs SP, Jaganmohan Reddys YSR Congress, Mamata Banerjees TMC, MK Stalins DMK, Naveen Patnaiks BJD, Sharad Pawars NCP and others would be bemused by the suggestion that anyone outside the family could head their party.

The BJP and the Left make an attempt to arrive at a party leader by consensus. But everyone knows that consensus means the word of the eminence grise.

For several years after Independence, the Congress, as the only major party, tried to set a good example. Jawaharlal Nehru was happy to let other leaders take the partys presidency while he headed the government as prime minister. The separation of power and duties often blurred in the Nehruvian Congress, but the intent was honourable.

During Nehrus 17 years as prime minister, several Congress leaders served as party president. To his credit, Nehru was party president for only three terms (from 1951-54) throughout his long prime ministership.

Even under the authoritarian Indira Gandhi, the Congress tradition of separating the post of party leader from prime minister continued. During her 16 years in power, she held the party presidency for only six years.

The comparison with the Sonia Gandhi years is instructive. She took over as party president in 1998. The Congress was out of power. When the Congress-led UPA took office in 2004, the separation of powers continued Dr Manmohan Singh as prime minister and Sonia Gandhi as party president.

But there was a reversal of tactics. While Nehru and Indira ran the government and allowed other Congress leaders to run the party, Sonia Gandhi kept an iron grip on the party for 21 consecutive years as president. Meanwhile, during UPA rule, she picked the malleable Manmohan Singh as prime minister.

How is the forthcoming contest for Congress president between Mallikarjun Kharge and Shashi Tharoor different? First, it is at best a farcical exercise. The electoral college of around 9,000 Congress pan-India leaders who will vote on 17 October are Gandhi loyalists. They will vote for Kharge, the official Congress candidate and the Gandhis choice. Virtually every Congress leader has backed Kharge. Even a dissident like Manish Tewari, with a reformist agenda akin to Tharoors, has put his weight behind Kharge.

***

Also Read

Its official: Mallikarjun Kharge vs Shashi Tharoor in Congress president race; Digvijaya drops out

***

So why is Tharoor contesting an election he is preordained to lose? There are several reasons. First, the Congress high command needed a credible non-official candidate to give the contest a patina of legitimacy. Tharoor fits the bill. He has a relatively independent mind. But his mind is not so independent that it will go against the wishes of the Gandhi high command.

Tharoor was careful to meet Sonia Gandhi before deciding to contest. Was he seeking her permission? Not exactly. It was just to make sure the Gandhis had no objection to him contesting. Of course, they didnt. He was the ideal strawman. Tharoor is fully aware of that but is willingly playing along in the wider interests of the party and his own political future. He will be adequately rewarded by the Gandhis for being a sporting loser.

In the 13 years Tharoor has been with the Congress, he has not once criticised even mildly any of the Gandhis. In an email exchange some years ago initiated by Tharoor I asked him whether he could ever get away criticising Sonia, Rahul or Priyanka Gandhi.

Since the email exchange was private, I will not disclose his reply.

Despite the farcical nature of the Congress presidential election, it has done some good. Both candidates, Kharge and Tharoor, will articulate their vision for the Congress ahead of a slew of Assembly elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh later this year and key contests in Karnataka, Telangana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in 2023 before the Lok Sabha poll in 2024.

We will hear an old-school loyalist voice (Kharge) and a cosmopolitan loyalist voice (Tharoor) saying basically the same thing: secularism is good, majoritarianism is bad. Neither candidate will define secularism since its practice by Congress leaders is elastic. It varies between soft Hindutva (temple-hopping) and hard minority appeasement (hijabs).

Neither candidate will deal with the real issue: Why has the Congress disintegrated organisationally? A Rajasthan MLA rebellion of the kind witnessed last week would have been unthinkable a decade ago.

The answer lies in allowing the Congress to evolve from a family proprietorship into a modern political party. But that, as Tharoor knows, is a Utopian concept.

Congress leader Shashi Tharoor

Tharoor is good at fighting battles he knows he has no realistic chance of winning. In 2006, he contested for the post of United Nations Secretary-General against Ban Ki-moon, South Koreas former foreign minister, knowing fully well that, despite Prime Minister Manmohan Singhs backing, the United States would veto his candidature. It did and Tharoor duly lost.

But even in defeat, Tharoor knows there are rich pickings. Within three years he joined the Congress, won the Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha seat in 2009 and was appointed minister of state for external affairs in the UPA-I government.

The Gandhis are pleased that the first contest for Congress president in decades has acquired quasi-legitimacy by Tharoors presence.

But why rock the boat? The Kharges and Manmohan Singhs know their place in the party and act accordingly. Tharoor is cut from different cloth. His 29 years as a UN diplomat have taught him to say the right thing to the right people at the right time.

For the Gandhis that is not a firm guarantee of good behaviour in the future. In contrast, Kharge, at 80, is a safe pair of hands.

The writer is editor, author and publisher. Views expressed here are personal.

Read all the Latest News, Trending News,Cricket News, Bollywood News,India News and Entertainment News here. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

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Head-on | Kharge vs Tharoor: Anatomy of a farcical election for Congress president - Firstpost

As Grey's Anatomy season 19 prepares to launch, fans are formulating several theories about what may happen in the coming episodes, especially in light of the news that Ellen Pompeo will have a reduced role in the show. The Greys audience isnt sure whether they should be preparing to say goodbye to Meredith Grey or simply see you later.

Well, after hearing the online chatter, doing some research and using our own knowledge of the series, weve developed our own thoughts about what we imagine will happen in Greys Anatomy season 19. If you had a chance to read our season 18 finale predictions, youll know that were pretty good at reading producers.

Here are our predictions.

Despite Ellen Pompeo only signing up for eight episodes this season due to her commitment to film an upcoming Hulu series, we dont believe season 19 is not going to be Merediths farewell. For starters, Deadline (opens in new tab) recently reported that Pompeo confirmed that viewers will still feel her presence throughout the season as shell continue doing the voiceovers in the episodes.

Furthermore, Pompeo mentioned that shell be back to star in the season 19 finale, and stated "well see if we can keep it going" when speaking about her future on the show. Hear for yourself.

With all of that said, were making the bold prediction that to address Pompeos temporary absence on Greys that Meredith is going to leave to do some soul searching. In the season 18 finale, Richard (James Pickens Jr.) negatively compared Meredith to her mother and accused her of wanting to tear down the hospital after she unnecessarily took a risk that killed a patient.

Although shes been appointed interim chief of surgery at Grey Sloan Memorial, we think Richards words will weigh heavy on her, and with one bad surgery and a fatal outcome, everyones favorite doctor will go out in search of a new perspective in life. (Meredith taking a leave of absence wouldnt be new in the Greys world, as viewers should recall when Derek quit the hospital in season 5)

By the end of season 18, Grey Sloan was a bit short-staffed. With Teddy (Kim Raver) and Owen (Kevin McKidd) on the run from the authorities, Miranda (Chandra Wilson) quitting and Richard taking a leave of absence, the hospital could use a few attendings.

Enter Addison Montgomery. It was announced this summer (opens in new tab)that portrayer Kate Walsh will be back in season 19 on a recurring status.

Since leaving Greys Anatomy as a series regular, Addison has popped up several times whenever Grey Sloan has needed help. While she usually comes to the aid of the hospital at the request of Richard, it was clear last season that she and Meredith are not at odds despite being in that sordid love triangle with Derek (Patrick Dempsey) years ago. We foresee Addison returning to help her former foe in her time of crisis, just until the hospital reestablishes a solid foundation.

Having taken some time away from Grey Sloan, we think Miranda is ready to resume her duties as chief of surgery, and on her terms. Hospital personnel should beware. Gone are the days when attendings illegally medicated people off the books, when interns made knee-jerk decisions when treating patients and residents walked around the halls of the hospital as if they knew best. The new and improved Miranda will run a tighter ship with the mindset that her family is her family, and her employees are her employees.

During her former tenure, the line between family and coworkers often blurred and that wound up not serving Miranda well in the long run. We think with a new mindset, shell continue to help the program rank back among one of the best in the country. What we cant predict here is if her new approach will have some bad consequences for her relationship with her mentor Richard going forward.

Given Kevin McKidd and Kim Raver are returning to Greys for season 19, the question that immediately comes to mind is how? How will writers address the fact that Owen and Teddy are on the run for the crimes he committed last season?

Since were guessing, wed venture to say that viewers will see a few episodes in which the couple is in a hiding out in a home compliments of one of their old military buddies. Eventually though, theyll realize that life on the run is not good for their kids, and Owen will agree to turn himself into the police.

Next, we believe Owen will find himself in the midst of a criminal court case as he attempts to clear his name. Longtime fans will remember that when Meredith was on trial for insurance fraud, she managed to beat the charges against her and return to medicine. We dont think Owen will meet the same fate.

While we dont think hell be serving a long stint in prison, we do imagine his medical license will be temporarily suspended.

Given the number of new hires to the Greys Anatomy cast (Alexis Floyd, Niko Terho, Midori Francis, Adelaide Kane and Harry Shum Jr.) and the fact they were all hired as interns, its clear show execs are trying to recapture some of that season 1 magic when those in the light blue scrubs were at the forefront. Although producers obviously know viewers tune into the drama to catch up with the series vets, WTW believes theyll hope to pull some of the audiences attention to the new crop of would-be surgeons.

The new season of Greys Anatomy airs on Thursday, October 6, at 9 pm ET/PT on ABC. The episode becomes available to stream the next day over on Hulu.

Link:
Grey's Anatomy season 19 predictions: our 5 biggest theories | What to Watch - What To Watch

Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc.

- New data highlight that a single intravitreal injection of Ixo-vec can lead to stable and persistent aflibercept expression through three years resulting in fluid control supporting favorable vision outcomes, as well as decreasing treatment burden by an 81-98% reduction in mean annualized anti-VEGF injections

- The 2x10^11 vg/eye (2E11) dose meaningfully reduced fluid volume, including a 93% reduction in intraretinal (IRF) and 55% reduction in subretinal fluid (SRF) from baseline to week 48

- The Phase 2 LUNA trial of Ixo-vec is underway, evaluating the 2E11 and 6x10^10 vg/eye (6E10) dose with enhanced prophylactic steroid regimens for the treatment of wet AMD subjects

REDWOOD CITY, Calif., Sept. 30, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: ADVM), a clinical-stage company that aims to establish gene therapy as a new standard of care for highly prevalent ocular diseases, today announced new analyses from the OPTIC study treating wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) during the Late Breaking Developments portion of Retinal Subspecialty Day at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) 2022 Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois. New data presented include the effects of ixoberogene soroparvovec (Ixo-vec, formerly referred to as ADVM-022) on control of IRF and SRF after a single, in-office, intravitreal (IVT) injection in subjects requiring frequent anti-VEGF injections for their wet AMD.

We are pleased to see Ixo-vecs effects on reducing intraretinal and subretinal fluid in treatment experienced patients in our post-hoc analysis of data generated from the OPTIC trial, commented Richard Beckman, M.D., chief medical officer of Adverum Biotechnologies. These data suggest that continuous and consistent expression of aflibercept has a stabilizing effect on the volume of both intraretinal and subretinal fluid, something that bodes well long-term. The connection between fluid fluctuations and long-term visual acuity is the subject of active research and several studies have demonstrated that less fluid fluctuation is associated with better visual outcomes.

Story continues

Data Highlights

Following a single IVT injection of a 2E11 dose of Ixo-vec in OPTIC (n=15), there was a 93% and 55% reduction in mean IRF and SRF volume, respectively, from baseline to Week 48.

The percentage of subjects with dry SRF, across both the 6E11 and 2E11 dose groups, increased through Week 48 with a 200% increase in the 2E11 dose group (n=15).

Importantly, 60% of OPTIC participants receiving the 2E11 dose had dry IRF at Week 48, representing a 50% increase from baseline.

The meaningful drying of intraretinal fluid and subretinal fluid, as well as reduced exudative volatility observed in OPTIC is highly promising, as we have started to appreciate the relationship between these anatomical outcomes and the potential role on preservation of vision long term in patients with wet AMD, stated Justis P. Ehlers, M.D., who led the advanced optical coherence tomography analysis. In addition, the increase in percentage of OPTIC patients achieving complete fluid resolution over time, through Week 48, at the 2E11 dose further reinforces the potential benefits of a single IVT injection of Ixo-vec.

Patient enrollment and dosing are currently underway in LUNA, a double-masked, randomized, Phase 2 trial. Adverum expects to conduct the trial at approximately 40 sites in the U.S. and Europe. LUNA will evaluate Ixo-vec in subjects with wet AMD who are 50 years or older and have demonstrated a response to anti-VEGF treatment. Up to 72 subjects will be randomized equally between the 2E11 dose and new lower 6E10 dose and across four prophylactic steroid regimens. Specific regimens being evaluated include topical difluprednate (Durezol), IVT dexamethasone (Ozurdex), or a combination of either topical Durezol or IVT Ozurdex with oral prednisone, with the aim of establishing a prophylactic regimen with minimal need for inflammation management post prophylaxis.

The important learnings from the OPTIC trial, such as the association between anatomical improvements and the maintenance of vision and long-term durability, were particularly encouraging, especially as a physician who sees wet AMD patients on a daily basis, said Dante Pieramici, M.D., partner, California Retinal Consultants, OPTIC investigator, and presenter of the data at AAO. I am excited to serve as an investigator in Adverums LUNA trial, and provide my wet AMD patients with a single, in-office IVT injection that can potentially serve as a functional cure to this debilitating disease.

About Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Wet AMD, also known as neovascular AMD or nAMD, is an advanced form of AMD, affecting approximately 10% of patients living with AMD. Wet AMD is a leading cause of blindness in patients over 65 years of age, with a prevalence of approximately 20 million individuals worldwide living with this condition. The incidence of new cases of wet AMD is expected to grow significantly worldwide as populations age. AMD is expected to impact 288 million people worldwide by 2040, with wet AMD accounting for approximately 10% of those cases.

About LUNA Trial of Ixo-Vec in Wet AMD

Ixoberogene soroparvovec (Ixo-vec) is Adverums clinical-stage gene therapy product candidate being developed for the treatment of wet AMD. Ixo-vec utilizes a proprietary vector capsid, AAV.7m8, carrying an aflibercept coding sequence under the control of a proprietary expression cassette. Unlike other ophthalmic gene therapies that require surgery to administer the gene therapy under the retina (sub-retinal approach), Ixo-vec is designed to be administered as a one-time IVT injection in the office, deliver long-term efficacy, reduce the burden of frequent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, optimize patient compliance, and improve vision outcomes for patients with wet AMD. Ixo-vec received PRIME designation from the European Medicines Agency in June 2022.

The LUNA trial is a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group Phase 2 study evaluating two doses of Ixo-vec, the 2x10^11 vg/eye dose and a new, lower 6x10^10 vg/eye dose, in wet AMD. The trial is designed to randomize up to 72 participants equally across two doses and four prophylactic steroid regimens in approximately 40 sites in the U.S. and Europe.

About Adverum Biotechnologies

Adverum Biotechnologies (NASDAQ: ADVM) is a clinical-stage company that aims to establish gene therapy as a new standard of care for highly prevalent ocular diseases with the aspiration of developing functional cures to restore vision and prevent blindness. Leveraging the research capabilities of its proprietary, intravitreal (IVT) platform, Adverum is developing durable, single-administration therapies, designed to be delivered in physicians offices, to eliminate the need for frequent ocular injections to treat these diseases. Adverum is evaluating its novel gene therapy candidate, ixoberogene soroparvovec (Ixo-vec, formerly referred to as ADVM-022), as a one-time, IVT injection for patients with neovascular or wet age-related macular degeneration. By overcoming the challenges associated with current treatment paradigms for these debilitating ocular diseases, Adverum aspires to transform the standard of care, preserve vision, and create a profound societal impact around the globe. For more information, please visitwww.adverum.com.

Forward-looking Statements

Statements contained in this press release regarding events or results that may occur in the future are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include but are not limited to statements regarding the potential benefits of Ixo-vec and the timing of preliminary data from the LUNA trial evaluating the same. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of various risks and un
certainties, including risks inherent to, without limitation: Adverums novel technology, which makes it difficult to predict the timing of commencement and completion of clinical trials; regulatory uncertainties; enrollment uncertainties; the results of early clinical trials not always being predictive of future clinical trials and results; and the potential for future complications or side effects in connection with use of Ixo-vec. Additional risks and uncertainties facing Adverum are set forth under the caption Risk Factors and elsewhere in Adverums Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings and reports, including Adverums Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 11, 2022. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. Adverum undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.

Corporate & Investor Inquiries

Anand ReddiVice President, Head of Corporate Strategy, External Affairs and EngagementAdverum Biotechnologies, Inc.T: 650-649-1358E:areddi@adverum.com

Media

Megan TalonAssociate Director, Corporate CommunicationsAdverum Biotechnologies, Inc.T: 650-649-1006E:mtalon@adverum.com

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Adverum Biotechnologies Presents Anatomical Improvements in Intraretinal and Subretinal Fluid After a Single IVT Injection of Ixo-vec (ADVM-022) in...

There are plenty of factors that make atomweight queen Unstoppable Angela Lee one of the best fighters on the ONE Championship roster.

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Her expertise in seamlessly blending different aspects of her game and her champions heart are just two that spring to mind immediately.

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She exhibits an endless array of traits that prove she is a superstar every time she steps inside the Circle. What combat sports fans dont see, however, is how she gets herself mentally and physically prepared to do so.

But a recent documentary, released by Anatomy of a Fighter, captures this process with excellence.

The comeback story of Unstoppable Angela Lee which dropped on Wednesday, September 27 follows the Singaporean-American athlete as she prepares for her return to action against Stamp Fairtex at ONE X this past March, following a two-and-a-half-year break from competition.

The 39-minute video sheds light on Unstoppables mindset throughout her training camp, gives fans a glimpse of what goes on the mats inside United MMA, and breaks down how the mother of one balances her career with her home life.

Raising a young daughter while getting ready for a World Title defense is no easy task, and throughout the documentary, there are short interviews with her husband, Bruno Pucci, brother, Christian Lee, and father, Ken Lee, that help to highlight just how the Mom-Champ does it.

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Other clips featured are her ONE Championship debut against Aya Saber, her post-fight interview after claiming the inaugural ONE Atomweight World Title, and her comeback fight victory over Stamp.

The release of the fascinating film comes just in time for another pivotal moment in Lees career.

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At ONE on Prime Video 2, the 26-year-old hopes to make history by claiming the ONE Strawweight World Title against The Panda Xiong Jing Nan and become the promotions first female two-division MMA World Champion.

The fight, which broadcasts on U.S. primetime this Friday, September 30, will be the third time she has faced the Chinese superstar, and the second time she has challenged her for the strawweight gold after falling short in her first attempt back in March 2019.

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If she can produce the same level of performance that she did against Stamp earlier this year, there is every reason to believe that Unstoppable can unlock yet another significant milestone inside the ONE Circle.

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Shes Going to Get Angry Angela Lee Presses Stagnant Chinese WorldChampions Buttons Ahead of ONE Championship Clash

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Anatomy of a Fighter Drops Full Documentary Behind Mom-Champ Angela Lees Return to the Circle - EssentiallySports