When you reach out to an acclaimed expert and scientist, its usually not under the guise of asking some incredibly futile question. But we here at VICE have an obligation to bring the people what they want, what they need, and what they desire. In this case its, Why does vaping make me want to take a big hearty dump?

Sometimes even the most disturbing questions need an answer and who said that you cant make dumb things smart? Not us.

So, we contacted newly-appointed Honorary Professorial fellow at The University Of Melbourne, Joel Borstein, who actually retired two months ago. Before that, he worked at the university's department of anatomy and physiology, his primary interest being the relationship between intestinal movements and secretion.

Heres what he said.

SOWHAT HAPPENS FROM THAT FIRST HIT OF A VAPE?

According to Bornstein with the assumption that the vape is inhaled orally your first hit of a vape will travel through the lungs and through the wall of the intestine. The nicotine will then excite the gut wall and the enteric nervous system a part of the body that controls motor functions, blood flow, mucosal transport and the endocrine system. Most of the neurons in that system will be sensitive to nicotine so they will be stimulated.

Then it will enter the bloodstream and affect a variety of areas of the body including the brain, where its main stimulant effect occurs.

WHY DO VAPES MAKE THINGS FEEL A LITTLE FUNNY DOWN THERE?

There are several different reasons why that could happen, Borstein says.

The first one is simply that the nerve cells that detect what's going on within the gut transmit to their target cells through terminals that relay acetylcholine (a chemical that triggers motor neurons and affects voluntary movement) to excite nicotine receptors.

Because nicotine activates these receptors, with continuous exposure this reduces the overall number of them. As a result, you're going to have dysfunction due to poor ability of your body to detect nicotine.

That's going to affect things like appetite and coordination of activity within the system (digestion etc).

The second one is that if you vape you get a rapid hit of nicotine, that's going to activate many of the neurons that would normally not be activated unless you were eating, he says.

According to Bornstein, there are three different control systems that use nicotine receptors as part of their normal functioning, which are activated by the presence of nutrients and stimuli inside the gut. Others lie within the brain and are indirectly activated through nicotine receptors somewhere along their pathways. They then go back to the gut and change its overall behaviour, especially in the upper gut. These include things like sight, smell and taste.

Nicotine will activate the neurons that cause acid secretion which is going to make you feel a little bit uncomfortable as you do after you've been drinking, says Bornstein.

Alcohol is converted to acid as part of its metabolic process. So it increases stomach acidity. Nicotine will also do that in a more minor way.

So that's one of the reasons why people who smoke and presumably who vape when they go to the pub they're combining two stimuli that are going to cause increased acid secretion in the stomach might feel uncomfortable down there.

AND SO HOW DOES THAT AFFECT POOPING? AND WHY DOES IT MAKE US WANT TO?

So I could make predictions, says Bornstein.

The nerves that are involved in generating a bowel movement live within the spinal cord in a special nucleus group of neurons, and they use acetylcholine to activate the nervous system that activates both the gut movements and defecation.

By taking a hit of a vape, youre producing a spike in the system which then decreases as the nicotine is cleared away. If youre constantly taking hits, the system will continue to spike and decrease.

So your system gets used to this up and down, and each time you take a new hit you will get a quick stimulus, he says.

That will start activating the region in the spinal cord that's involved in producing this whole process, you've got a descending pathway coming from the brain itself that either allows or prevents that activity. So, you might feel an urge to defecate, which is a whole reflex of its own.

This pathway is consciously controlled, thank God, otherwise youd be defecating whenever.

The nerves that run from the spinal cord into the enteric nervous system can be activated by the surge in nicotine. Then the adjusted system is going to be operating between surges.

If the surge coincides with an urge to go, then you'll likely get an increased response. Which basically means youll poo.

My prediction would be that the easiest way to go (poo) would be to take a vape just before you want to.

This can then be behaviourally reinforced.

SO THEN THE GUT RELIES ON NICOTINE TO WORK PROPERLY?

Everything adjusts to get it to work just the same as it does with opiates, heroin, and so on. The system resets itself. With nicotine addiction, it's the same thing, the system resets itself, so you don't get normal function without the nicotine, says Bornstein.

That's why people use nicotine patches, or vapes to get off cigarettes. The whole system re-tunes itself.

If you were to stop vaping, or consuming nicotine, you would probably become constipated. Probably, for a couple of days.

This article is not intended to encourage or promote the use ofvapingor othertobacco products. The consumption of tobacco is harmful for your health and can cause lung cancer.

Follow Julie Fenwick onTwitterandInstagram.

Read more fromVICE Australiaand subscribe to our weekly newsletter,This Week Online.

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We Asked an Expert Why Vaping Makes You Want To Poo - VICE

The health hazards of cigarettes are becoming more evident with every published work on the health of the human lungs. As a result, smokers are actively searching for viable alternatives. These smokers are considering switching to vaping based on queries on major search engines.

But is vaping safer than cigarette smoking? How much nicotine is in one cigarette compared to a vape?

In this article, well try to provide answers to these questions and more. Also, if you arent a smoker but are curious about the nicotine content in cigarettes and vapes, you will find the contents and answers proffered in this article informative.

Similarly, if you plan to take up vaping, you will find the information in this article instructive. With that said, lets get started with everything nicotine, cigarettes, and vaping.

Nicotine is a name forged from the scientific name for tobacco plants, Nicotiana species. These tobacco plants are members of the nightshade family.

Tobacco originated in South America before its influence spread to nations in Africa, North America, and Australia. Natives of these regions originally used tobacco leaves as edibles and smokable joints. Some used them for ritual purposes that made sense to the recommendations of their traditions.

In recent times, tobacco has found use in many other areas.

Nicotine is the major chemical substance found in tobacco. Its percentage composition in the plant is greater than any other chemical constituent of the leaves.

Hence, youll find nicotine in many tobacco products like cigarettes, smoke-free tobacco, Hookah tobacco, cigars, vapes, and most e-cigarettes.

Also, youll find that the most significant impact of nicotine occurs in the brain. This explains why smoking or using substances that contain tobacco can be addictive.

Shortly, well consider the nicotine content of cigarettes and vape juice. Well also consider the effects of the chemical and provide answers to common questions related to it.

Since cigarettes come from different manufacturers with different manufacturing processes, nicotine levels in cigarettes cannot be the same across the board. Based on the results of frequent practice, a regular stick of cigarette can contain an estimated 6 mg of nicotine. In extreme cases, a single stick of cigarette have as much as 28 mg. However, most cigarette sticks contain mg of nicotine on average.

When users smoke cigarette sticks, not all of the nicotine is inhaled. Some parts of the substance escape into the atmosphere as the smoker blows smoke into the air. According to findings and research, smokers can inhale up to 1.04 mg of nicotine with every stick they smoke. This means a pack of 20 cigarettes will deliver about 20-21 mg of nicotine into the smokers body.

This brings us to the common question that smokers and non-smokers ask, how many puffs are in a cigarette?

Well, there isnt a particular answer to this question since there are some factors that can determine how much puff a cigarette puff holds:

The level of nicotine in vapes varies from brand to brand. With improvements in technology, some brands now manufacture cartridges free from nicotine. In contrast, others offer cartridges containing salts-derived nicotine and are fortified with about 50 mg for every ml. Regular smoker who wish to restrict their nicotine consumption to cigarette levels will prefer vapes with nicotine levels of 3 to 15 mg per ml.

Smokers with higher daily tolerance prefer vapes containing vape juice with higher nicotine levels of up to 24 mg per ml.

With vapes having varying nicotine content levels, many users wonder how much vape juice theyll need to consume to match smoking an entire cigarette stick.

It is difficult to answer the question above since hundreds of vape nicotine levels are available on the market. However, to arrive at an estimated amount, you will have to consider all of the following:

However, manufacturers suggest a single ml of vape juice should generate at least 100 puffs. With this estimated number in mind, we can conclude that 1 ml vape juice will make up about five regular cigarette packs.

Furthermore, the effects of the substance released and inhaled when vaping are much stronger than that inhaled when you smoke cigarettes. Youll find that this situation plays out even more when using sub-ohm devices. Vaping with sub-ohm devices generates big and thicker clouds rich in stimulants. However, you can also look for best THC vape pens, if you are interested.

To fully grasp the effect of stimulants like nicotine, you must understand what neurotransmitters are and what they do. The human brain is constantly active, with billions of neurons sending and receiving information every second from every part of the body.

When nicotine finds its way into the body, it mimics acetylcholine functions. Hence, it increases brain activity, making you feel energized whenever you draw in a smoke. After a while, the neurons of your brain compensate for this hyperactivity by reducing natural acetylcholine receptors. This creates a cycle of addiction because your bodys nicotine storage reduces when you quit smoking. Youd find yourself craving it more because your brain has gotten used to not producing enough acetylcholine by itself anymore.

Nicotine triggers a temporary feeling of wellness and relaxation. It also increases the heart rate and the amount of oxygen it burns. As soon as cigarette smoke delivers nicotine into the body, it causes a rush of endorphins, the chemical that relieves stress and pain. It is also known to improve general mood.

The body quickly absorbs the stimulant into the body system to reach the brain fast enough. However, quick nicotine absorption causes its levels to peak fast, and the rewards disappear too quickly.

Furthermore, nicotine mimics the feel good neurotransmitter or dopamine hormone. So, you get a great feeling when you smoke your favorite cigarette and increase the mg of nicotine in your body.

In many ways, your bloods nicotine level alters the brains chemical functions and leaves you wanting more of it every time. So, quitting its intake is an uphill task.

Thanks to its chemical composition, nicotine may briefly improve your concentration levels and boost your memory. Unfortunately, continued use of cigarettes and smoking may gradually lead to a decline in vital cognitive abilities and increase your chances of developing Alzheimers disease. This means that the short-term rewards of improved cognitive functions do not outweigh the long damage that nicotine may cause.

Furthermore, when people quit nicotine, they are bound to experience withdrawal symptoms. People who quit smoking after long years of intense use may experience sleep impairment.

Consistent use of nicotine can affect major functions in the body. It may cause conditions such as headaches, high blood pressure, increased heart rate, irregular sleep patterns, high risk of blood clotting. Peptic ulcer, dry mouth, disrupted blood flow, shortness of breath, indigestion, diarrhea, joint pains, and more may also occur.

Some special nicotine products can trigger unique side effects like skin irritation, aching muscles, occasional stiffness, racing heartbeat, and sleep challenges.

A racing heartbeat could be an indication of an overdose of nicotine. In this case, users should seek the advice of healthcare professionals.

As stated earlier, the amount of nicotine you consume while vaping varies greatly. So, it may be correct to say that the amount of nicotine you consume while vaping may equal or more than what you get when you smoke regular cigarettes. However, many vapers have larger vape mods that refill vape juices with stronger nicotine than regular cigarettes. Vaping delivers nicotine into your body system the same way cigarettes do.

With the number of vaping instruments out on the market, it is hard to say how many puffs a vaper will need daily. However, there is a general belief that regular vapers take an average of 140 puffs daily. And only 14.60% of the daily vaping surpasses 300 puffs. Also, less than 1% of users exceed 600 puffs per day, depending on how much vaping they do.

Again, there isnt a specific answer to this question. The number of puffs a cigarette can generate depends on how the smoker conducts the smoking exercise. The size of the puff created and the time spent dragging it in can determine the lifespan of the cigarette and, ultimately, the number of puffs it can generate.

So, if you want to enjoy more puffs while smoking your cigarette, you may want to consider drawing on it with less intensity and reducing the magnitude of puffs you generate.

It is unclear how many puffs from a vape will equal the puffs from a cigarette. It all depends on the size and type of atomizer you use and how you set up the cartridge. As we stated, sub-ohm devices operating at higher wattages generate higher vaporization levels and burn vape juice much faster. Furthermore, the nicotine levels in your e-juice compared to the cigarette brand can also play a role in determining how many puffs you can generate.

Generally, the nicotine content of vape juice is the same as the quantity of nicotine available measured by the quantity of nicotine in mg per ml of the e-juice. These levels are not the same in all models or cartridges. You can adjust them to reduce your overall calorie intake.

Industry-standard vape nicotine levels come in different doses. You will find that commercial quantities of vape juice come in doses of 3 mg, 6 mg, 12 mg, 14 mg, and 18 mg per ml. You will also find zero milligrams. In the same vein, cartridges with high nicotine levels of about 24-36 mg per ml are also available for users with high endurance and tolerance for the stimulant.

These are electronic nicotine delivery devices. They heat liquids or e-juice (containing nicotine, solvents, and flavors) into vapor. These devices are portable, and you can take them with you anywhere.

The use of nicotine is not suitable for pregnant women since it may cause prenatal developmental challenges.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently published a report on the potential dangers of using vaping products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This is the component in cannabis responsible for euphoria.

Furthermore, the FDA warns against using vape products from unapproved sources. These poorly manufactured devices can lead to lung conditions and other heart diseases.

So far, there isnt a lot of research to completely discredit the use of vapes. The effects of the chemicals they contain on general health remain widely unknown. However, people switching to vaping to quit smoking should explore other means.

According to Public Health England, vaping is a safer form of inhaling nicotine than smoking cigarettes. In cigarette smoke, you will find different chemicals and carcinogens that can cause irreparable damage to your body. These substances may not be present in vapes. Furthermore, vaping is not as expensive as smoking. Most vaping devices are reusable and will save you extra cash. Cigarettes, on the other hand, are meant for one-time use, and thats all.

Nicotine levels and strengths change as soon as you move from one style of cigarette or vape to the other. Hence, if you wish to switch from cigarettes to vapes, youll need to adopt proven therapies before making the switch. There isnt sufficient information about the long-term effect of vaping on human health yet. However, some publications insist that vapes are significantly less harmful than cigarettes. You can also look for vapes with no nicotine, as it will reduce the effect of nicotine on your health.

Vapes provide you with a lot of options. You can choose vape devices that are low in nicotine to reduce your nicotine intake.

See the rest here:

How Much Nicotine Is In A Cigarette Compared To Vape: Vaping VS Smoking - The Island Now

A Volkswagen dealership employee was taken to a hospital in Seattle after an explosion in the store's designated smoking area, firefighters said.

The Volkswagen of Kirkland employee was burned, but conscious when taken to a local hospital around 6 p.m. local time Monday, according to Kirkland Fire Battalion Chief Seth Buchanan.

The Kirkland, Wash., fire department said the dealership's smoking area is next to 55-gallon containers that were empty at the time but were previously filled with flammable liquid. The employee was vaping in that area when the explosion occurred, according to a news release from Kirkland Fire.

"We believe that it flashed, so the fire in the container was immediately out. It was just a flammable gas, but it kind of exploded and blew up a 55-gallon drum and, unfortunately, it was the patient that caught on fire," Buchanan said.

The resulting explosion caught the employee's clothes, hair, hands and face on fire, Buchanan told Automotive News.

The fire remains under investigation, Buchanan said.

Investigators suspect the vape's electronic heater, which creates the vapor, contributed to the fire's ignition, Buchanan said.

No damage was reported at the business, the release said.

Volkswagen of Kirkland did not respond to a request for comment.

See the article here:

Firefighters: Vaping triggered explosion at VW dealership - Automotive News

Secaucus has again amended regulations and licensing for to electronic smoking devices and establishments.

The ordinance updates Chapter 141 of the Town Code, which was previously adopted and placed restrictions on smoking in public areas, and setting licensing requirements for establishments that sell electronic smoking devices in the interest of public health.

Upon the review and recommendation of the Board of Health, the mayor and council have determined that updates to this chapter are needed to reflect updated licensing regulations and fees.

Specifically, the ordinance updates the regulations to note that there will be no more than 11 licenses may be issued to operate a retail electronic smoking device establishment in town. The ordinance also adds sections outlining disqualifying violations.

Mayor Michael Gonnelli and the Town Council introduced the ordinance at its October 12 meeting. Town Administrator Gary Jeffas described the changes that would be made under the ordinance to the Hudson Reporter.

So we did an ordinance within the last couple of months, Jeffas said. We had it down as nine vendors. But after the ordinance came through, I was talking to the Health Department and we actually have currently 11 licensed vendors.

The previous ordinance adopted in June limited the amount of vaping establishments to nine. But they are actually 11 existing establishments, so the new ordinance was necessary because the town wasnt trying to eliminate current establishments.

So we realized that the number that was in the ordinance was actually less than our current vendors, Jeffas said. So it was not the towns intent to revoke and remove licenses, but we didnt want them to expand it any further. So this ordinance is really correcting and the only change really is to that number to come in line with the actual licenses we currently have out there. So 11 would be the maximum the town has available for licensing going forward.

Outlining disqualifying violations

Jeffas also noted that the other provisions regarding disqualifying violations were something the town was already contemplating.

We put that in to further identify that if it was a shop that was not adhering to the law, selling a product thats not really permissible for sale, has cannabis, or something like that, Jeffas said. So if youre getting violations from a policing standpoint and the public health, obviously we would have the right to remove that license due to the behavior of the establishment.

The sections on disqualifying violations and related topics were included in the new ordinance since the town was already amending the regulations to update the number limited.

When myself and the town attorney were speaking, I said that since we were changing it, to put in the other mechanisms by which if theyre conducting any illegal activities or having any issues with the police and stuff that they could be subject to revocation of a license if theyre not adhering to the way they are legally able to sell the products, Jeffas said.

According to Jeffas, this ordinance and the previous one aim to restrict the number of vaping vendor establishments in Secaucus because the town doesnt want there to be too many.

The Board of Health in their meeting had asked for this ordinance because they didnt want the vape businesses to keep expanding, Jeffas said. They wanted to have a limitation so the town wouldnt be overrun by them. So that was one of their pressing goals.

Read the full ordinance at: secaucusnj.gov/government/meeting-documents/2022-mayor-council-meeting-documents/2022-agendas-mayor-council/1035-10-12-2022-mayor-council-meeting-agenda/file.

For updates on this and other stories, check http://www.hudsonreporter.com and follow us on Twitter @hudson_reporter. Daniel Israel can be reached at disrael@hudsonreporter.com.

Excerpt from:

Secaucus ordinance would iron out regulations for vaping vendors - The Hudson Reporter

How can I protect my pet from e-cigarettes?

E-cigarettes are not dangerous for pets unless they ingest the nicotine. Cats are different though because propylene glycol (PG) is very dangerous to them. To avoid any risks, store your e-liquids somewhere they cant access, preferably in a closed cupboard. Keeping them out of reach works for children, but not for our 4-legged friends as it only piques their curiosity.

We love our four-legged friends and all our pets. But do we really take proper care when it comes to protecting them from the dangers of coming into contact with our e-liquids? You keep bottles of e-liquid out of reach of children to stop them from ingesting the liquid, so why not do the same for your pets? After all, our pets are more inquisitive than almost any other creatures on Earth and it doesnt take much to get them exploring! Just watch what happens when you put something out of reach suddenly your pet thinks its the most interesting thing in the world.

We know these days that e-liquids are not really harmful to human health. Sure, if you decided to drink several bottles* of your favourite e-liquid, it would do you no good at all. But e-liquids wont harm your health if you use them properly. However, this is not always true for animals depending on the size of the pet that ingests the liquid. Its common sense: the smaller the animal the less it can tolerate nicotine. For a human who accidentally drinks half a 10ml bottle of e-liquid, its hardly life-threatening. But if its a small dog, the effects of ingesting the liquid will be much more severe and can even lead to the animals death.The only ingredient in e-liquids that is really harmful to our pets is nicotine, except for cats which are a special case. The other ingredients in e-liquids are relatively benign for humans and for our four-legged friends. Its fairly common to even find some of them in pet food. Even so, its vital to prevent them from ingesting any by accident, so how exactly do you do it?

Its easy to store your liquids out of reach of children to keep them safe. Most of the time you just have to put them somewhere high enough to be out of their reach. However, even if something is out of the reach of a child, our agile pets may still be able to reach it. They are naturally attracted to anything thats high up. They also have a sense of smell thats far more developed than ours, making them curious to find out just what is making that delicious strawberry smell they cant ignore. So, to prevent accidents, we recommend that you store your e-liquids high up and in a closed cupboard so that they cant get to them.

Although most e-liquid ingredients are not in themselves dangerous to our pets, its very different for cats. Propylene glycol, or PG, is highly toxic to them. In cats, PG causes a form of anaemia which means they have far fewer red blood cells in their bodies. This leads to lethargy and other serious consequences.So, to keep your animals and your children safe, please store all of your e-liquids in a high cupboard with a door.

* According to Dr Bernd R Mayer from the Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute at the University of Graz, Austria (Institut fr Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften), the lethal dose of ingested nicotine is at least 500 to 1,000 mg, or 6.5 to 13mg/kg.

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Vaping and our pets - Vaping Post

Oct. 17 updateIn a statement released Oct. 13, Magellan Technology admitted the FDA had issued marketing denial orders (MDOs) for 32 Hyde disposable vaping products on Oct. 6, but said the agency issued its press release announcing the action before notifying Magellan. The company had previously questioned whether the FDA had issued MDOs at all.

It wasnt until that evening that the Agency acknowledged in writing that it had erred in failing to inform the company and actually sent notice of the MDOs to Magellan, the company said in its statement. The FDA blamed the lack of notification on an inadvertent error.

More interesting is the fact that the products in question were all made with tobacco-derived nicotine, and the premarket tobacco applications (PMTAs) for those products were submitted by Magellan before the Sept. 9, 2020 PMTA submission deadline. The agency waited two years to take action on them.

Did the FDA use a different review method for the Hyde PMTAs than the so-called fatal flaw standard that allowed it to issue thousands of denial orders with the stroke of a pen, based on the lack of certain kinds of studies? If the agency used a "fatal flaw" review, the MDO could have been issued as early as last year, since it required no actual effort to complete. And if the FDA actually conducted a thorough scientific review, how did agency scientists manage to complete their work at exactly this very opportune moment for FDA leadership?

The FDA announced the denials the same day and in the same press release as its comments on the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey, which for the first time showed that Hyde was a popular brand among school-age vapers. The agency used the occasion to trumpet the Hyde MDOs, obviously intended to please tobacco control groups that have criticized the agency for weak enforcement action on disposables.

In conducting its scientific review, wrote the agency in the Oct. 6 press release, the FDA determined that the applications lacked sufficient evidence demonstrating that these flavored e-cigarettes would provide a benefit to adult users that would be adequate to outweigh the risks to youth. Therefore, the FDA has determined that permitting the marketing of these products would not be appropriate for the protection of the public health. The company must stop selling and distributing these products, and those currently on the market must be removed or risk enforcement action.

It would be an amazing coincidence for FDA scientists to just happen to complete a two-year scientific review of the Hyde PMTA submissions on the very same day that preliminary NYTS numbers were released, and the agency needed a recognizable disposable vape manufacturer to publicly chastise.

Because the affected PMTAs had been pending with the Agency for over two years, said Magellan, we can only surmise that what the FDA deemed an inadvertent error in failing to inform the company was caused by an apparent rush to include the MDO action with the Agencys press release on the National Youth Tobacco Survey data, which shows youth vaping down 50% since 2019.

Regarding the other Hyde products for which Magellan received Refuse to Accept (RTA) letters (but not MDOs), the company explained that technical SNAFUs with the applications were to blame, and said it had asked the FDA to reconsider its initial determination so that Magellans application review can progress forward. Magellan said it would seek a stay in federal court if the FDA refuses to reconsider the RTA.

Oct. 10, 2022

On Oct. 6, the FDA marked the release of preliminary 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) results with a press release. A large part of that document was dedicated to playing up the agencys get-tough approach to disposable vapes, and specifically highlighted new actions taken against Puff Bar importers and the manufacturer of Hyde disposables.

Hyde was named as the sixth most popular vape brand (7.3 percent) among vaping middle and high school students who listed a brand in their NYTS responses, according to the authors of the CDC report released last week. Only Puff Bar, Vuse, JUUL, SMOK and NJOY were listed more often by students who had vaped in the previous 30 daysalthough not listed (32.2 percent) and not sure/dont know.(28.3 percent) were the only answers that vied with Puff Bar (29.7 percent) for the top response.

The FDA said in its press release that the agencys Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) had issued marketing denial orders (MDOs) for 32 Hyde-branded products for which PMTAs had been submitted by Magellan Technology, Inc., a well-known manufacturer and distributor based in Buffalo, New York.

In conducting its scientific review, the agency wrote, the FDA determined that the applications lacked sufficient evidence demonstrating that these flavored e-cigarettes would provide a benefit to adult users that would be adequate to outweigh the risks to youth. Therefore, the FDA has determined that permitting the marketing of these products would not be appropriate for the protection of the public health. The company must stop selling and distributing these products, and those currently on the market must be removed or risk enforcement action.

But, according to Magellan, the FDA has not issued an MDO for any Hyde products.

In a statement released soon after the FDAs, Magellan said that the agency had issued a Refuse to Accept (RTA) letter for the Hyde PMTAsan entirely different FDA response than an MDO. An RTA letter is a notice that some basic technical requirement for successful PMTA submission has not been met. When an RTA determination is made, the application is unable to proceed to scientific review.

According to the company, the FDAs communication to Magellan made clear that the agency did not conduct the scientific review on which it claims to have based the alleged marketing denial orders. In fact, Magellan says the Refuse to Accept determination was based on a single missing document: a sworn certification related to the translation of certain components of the application.

Magellan calls the FDA claim it issued an MDO a glaring error. But if Magellan is correct in its assertion that no MDO has been issued, the FDAs statement goes far beyond an error. It is either evidence of supreme incompetence, or an outright lie intended to deceive the public and the many reporters that published stories claiming that Hyde products had received MDOs and had been ordered off the market.

Magellan says its attorney has demanded that FDA not only retract the press statement it made but also issue a corrective statement making clear that FDA did not issue an MDO to Magellan and that it has not yet conducted a scientific review of Magellans products.

The FDA was granted regulatory authority over synthetic nicotine products by Congress in March. The law took effect in April, and manufacturers were given a monthuntil May 14to submit premarket tobacco applications (PMTAs), and two additional months to continue selling products with pending PMTAs. When the grace period ended July 13, all synthetic nicotine-based products became subject to FDA enforcement, although the agency has apparently not yet taken action against products for which PMTAs are still pending.

We reported more than two months ago that the FDA had changed some forms required for PMTA acceptance just before the submission deadline for vape products made with synthetic nicotine. This may have been done deliberately to allow the agency to easily eliminate thousands of applications by making RTA determinations, rather than have to slog through the full PMTA review process. In fact, CTP Director Brian King bragged in August that In the past three weeks alone, FDA has issued refuse-to-accept (RTA) letters for more than 88,000 products in applications that do not meet the criteria for acceptance.

Dozens of small vaping manufacturers have challenged FDAs marketing denials in court. Magellan Technology already has pending litigation against the agencya petition for review in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals of an MDO issued last year for Magellans pod-based Juno vaping products.

Vaping360 has asked the FDA for confirmation that it issued MDOs for the Hyde products in question, but press officials are off today (for the federal holiday). We will update the story when the agency responds.

Link:

FDA Conveniently Denied Hyde PMTAs Just in Time for NYTS Press Release - Vaping360 News

Vaping is much less damaging to the lungs than smoking.

The research team aimed to determine the presence of respiratory symptoms by asking questions regarding wheezing and nighttime cough at a cutoff score associated with poorer functional health status. They then compared the responses with past 30-day tobacco use in never-tobacco users (reference) vs. combustible users, noncombustible-only users, and former users; or frequency of use of cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes.

The compiled data indicated that smoking cigarettes, marijuana use, and secondhand smoke exposure were cross-sectionally associated with functionally-important respiratory symptoms in adolescents/young adults. Moreover, the risk increased with the frequency of cigarette use but not e-cigarette use.

Functionally-important respiratory symptoms were present in 10.0% overall: 13.8% of combustible users, 9.0% of noncombustible users, 8.2% of noncurrent users and 9.7% of never users. Functionally-important respiratory symptoms were associated with combustible tobacco use (relative risk [RR]=1.52[95% CI 1.29, 1.80]), marijuana use (RR=1.54[1.34, 1.77]) and secondhand smoke exposure (RR=1.04[1.03, 1.05]). Higher cigarette smoking frequency was also associated with functionally-important respiratory symptoms for frequency categories >14 days/month (e.g. RR=1.93[1.50, 2.49] for 15-29 days/month). Frequency of e-cigarette use was not associated with functionally-important respiratory symptoms, explained the study Abstract.

An earlier study by award winning and renowned expert in respiratory health and tobacco harm reduction, Prof. Riccardo Polosa titled Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up, had indicated that patients suffering from the serious Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and had completely switched from cigarettes to e-cigarettes, reported improved respiratory symptoms. Meanwhile those who continued to smoke, experienced no change in either measure of disease severity.

Similarly, a comprehensive review also conducted by Polosa in August 2019, which was carried out with the aim of analysing the effects of vaping on lung health in comparison to those of smoking, had indicated once again that vaping is much less damaging to the lungs than smoking.

We critically assess published research on the respiratory system investigating the effects of ECs in pre-clinical models, clinical studies of people who switched to ECs from tobacco cigarettes, and population surveys. We assess the studies for the quality of their methodology and accuracy of their interpretation. To adequately assess the impact of EC use on human health, addressing common mistakes and developing robust and realistic methodological recommendations is an urgent priority, read the study Abstract.

Smokers Who Quit Before Age 45 Significantly Reduce Risk of Lung Cancer

Read this article:

Study Looked Into Tobacco Product Use And Respiratory Symptoms in Youth - Vaping Post

Todays cannabis customers by and large believe that the stronger, the better. With the ultra-potent strains that are in circulation, its no surprise that many people out there have a high tolerance to THC-based cannabinoids, and even crave something that will get them as high as possible.

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Originally posted here:

Strongest THC Vapes You Need To Try - High Times

The Flagler Beach City Commission Thursday is set to approve banning smoking almost any tobacco product in any way on beaches, in parks and on the citys boardwalk, starting this weekend. Enforcement will be an issue: there are no intentions to police the ban, which does not extend to the beaches under county jurisdiction. The ordinance is silent on vaping and marijuana products.

The ban applies to cigarettes, filtered cigars, pipes, or any device used to inhale smoke from burning tobacco products. It will extend to the beach, public parks, and the boardwalk unless such activity occurs in an area designated for smoking or tobacco use by posted signage.

Unfiltered cigars are exempt from the ban. The reason: the ban is primarily targeting the discarding of cigarette butts, which take eons to biodegrade and can harm wildlife. Unfiltered cigars have no such synthetic butts. Their remnants degrade more rapidly.

The ordinance is silent on marijuana, but that doesnt mean beachgoers may smoke pot on the beach, even though, as City Commissioner James Sherman noted, Im sure people smoke pot on the beach. Smokable marijuana has been allowed since 2019 for people with medical marijuana cards. But the law prohibits smoking pot in public places. That ban has always applied to Flagler Bachs shoreline and public parks, and still will. (See a briefing on the smoking of medical marijuana here.)

Vaping is a different issue. Its fully exempt.

I am working specifically within the language that the statute authorized, City Attorney Drew Smith, referring to the 2022 law that gave cities and counties authority to ban smoking along the states 825 miles of beaches and in 13,000 parks or recreational facilities.

The Legislature first approved an indoor smoking ban in 1985. Voters 20 years ago approved a constitutional amendment broadening restrictions in places such as restaurants, bars, workplaces and certain other locations. The 2022 law removes the word indoor from the Florida Indoor Clean Air Act, now that bans can extend outdoors. In 2018, another constitutional amendment extended indoor workplace bans to vaping. But the vaping ban neither in the constitutional amendment nor in the 2022 law applies to public recreation areas.

Because the legislative language was specific to tobacco, for now, Ive tracked it, Smith said. The authorizing legislation says tobacco products. He added: If you ever have a constituent who youre trying to help understand how powerful certain lobbies are in this state, just show him this legislation or this ordinance, where we have to exempt out unfiltered cigars, because a certain lobby made sure that the product was protected from this. But City Clerk Penny Overstreet clarified about cigars: The theory was, they dont have a butt, it burns all the way to the end.

City Commission Chairman Ken Bryan suggested the ban and won consensus from the commission in early September. City Attorney Drew Smith drafted the five lines to be added to the rules and regulations ordinance controlling beaches and recreation facilities.

A lot of this stems from a lot of our experiences on the beach and the parks, and also because the legislators gave us the ability to be able to pass this particular ordinance within the municipalities. From what I can tell I dont think the county has any pleasure or desire to do anything of this nature, but we control most of the beach here in Flagler Beach and all of us have personally been out on the beach to pick up cigarette butts, and also been exposed to some of the secondhand smoke of individuals that choose to use product. But at any rate in consideration for the health of the people and our visitors, we brought it forward. So here we are.

Yall know I never agree with about anything. But Im going to say Yeeeees to this. Yeeees, Commissioner Eric Cooley said. Cooley owns the 7-Eleven downtown, at the beach, and sells cigarettes that get smoked on the beach, but nevertheless favors the ban.

Theres nothing worse than standing under the A frame at the pier and being smoked out by a bunch of cigarettes in the morning while youre trying to host a beach cleanup, Mayor Suzie Johnston said. Im literally watching people who smoke drop cigarettes, and then another person come behind them to clean up. Cant fix stupid. But, the mayor asked, how would the ordinance be enforced, and are we even going to make an attempt to enforce it? Thats my biggest question on this. We have lots of rules in this city. Thats all we have are rules. We dont have enforcement.

The city has a similar anti-littering ordinance, but doesnt enforce it. On the other hand, its 10-year-old ban on bonfires between May and October has been respected, likely because its difficult to hide flaming lawbreaking, though the ordinance, as Commissioner Jane Mealy noted, does not spell out the months when fires are banned. She noted several inconsistencies in the ordinance, whose language the commission had not examined in a while. For example, it has a broad, vague ban on alcohol anywhere in parks and beaches, although alcohol has not, in fact, been banned from the citys beaches. Alcohol may not be sold on the beach. The commission will be clarifying those clauses.

As for enforcement of the smoking ban, it falls under the citys code enforcement powers, but no penalties are spelled out.

You have peer pressure, and also pure consideration and the respect of the law itself, Bryan said. A lot of is going to be educational, as far as I can tell, and hopefully the word gets out. Theres always going to be someone thats going to throw a McDonalds bags on the street. Theres always going to be people that are going to smoke where theyre not supposed to smoke. And Im sure that there will be some issues with enforcement.

You can see what San Francisco did their streets are smoke free, the mayor said.

San Francisco bans smoking outside entrances, exits and operable windows and vents of all buildings, and bans it even in apartment buildings, hotels and motels, but not on streets. The ban is primarily directed at secondhand smoke. It does not apply to marijuana, since smoking marijuana in public is prohibited, and a ban on smoking it in ones apartment would have removed the only place residents could legally smoke it. In Flagler Beach, smoking marijuana is prohibited without a medical marijuana card.

Cooley said the new ordinance language is a starting point only, with no expectation that police will be issuing tickets for violations. We put the structure in place to get this started, he said. From there, later, we kind of start figuring out how do we get our arms around this. He mentioned an education campaign, drafting the countys tourism division to help, angling at a green-beach sort of message.

The County Commission has shown no interest, so far, in applying such a ban to its beaches and parks.

The rest is here:

Flagler Beach Smoking Ban on Beaches Set to Take Effect This Weekend, Cigars and Vaping Exempt - FlaglerLive.com