(PDF) Posthumanism – ResearchGate

Universitetsforlaget 171

misleading, if taken as its ultimate state: on a subatomic level, everything is in con-

stant vibration. As famously demonstrated by Einstein (1905), matter and energy

are equivalent. Energy is intrinsically relational, as well as matter is irreducible to a

single determined entity; any reductionist approach has scientifically failed. From a

physics perspective, anything which has mass and volume is considered matter:

humans, for instance, are made out of matter, as well as robots. Let's now go back to

our initial question: who am I? We are material networks of relations, fluctuant

becoming in symbiotic interaction with the others, the environment, our sur-

roundings; we are constant potentials. In nietzschean terms: we are a bridge

(Thus Spoke Zarathustra, 7). Human existence is related to any other form of

existence; nothing, in this dimension, is completely autonomous or totally inde-

pendent. In this sense, the field of epigenetics is significant, with its emphasis on the

heritable changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms which are external to

the underlying DNA sequence. Posthumanism approaches the potentials opened by

biotechnology, nanotechnology, cybernetics, robotics and space migration, in an

ontological way, through Heidegger: technology is no mere means, but a way of

revealing (1953:12). We can thus talk of technologies of existence. Posthumanism

has to do with theoretical philosophy as well as with applied ethics. More extensiv-

ely, posthumanism can be perceived as a path of knowledge, which may eventually

turn into full awareness: we literally are what we eat, what we think, what we

breathe, what and who we connect to. Currently, posthumanism seems the most

open and sensitive critical frame to approach intellectual tasks, as well as daily prac-

tices of being. Since any existential performance has interconnected agency, post-

humanism will add to your perspective as much as your perspective will add to the

posthuman shift. More than an exchange (ex comes from Latin, meaning out),

it is an intra-change, a fluid entanglement of being, an expansion of material aware-

ness, a fractal movement of energy which will have simultaneously affected your

existence as well as the evolution of spacetime. This is why I think posthumanism is

something you want to know about.

references

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Frontera: The Ne w Mestiza. San Francisco:

Aunt Lute Book s.

Barad, Karen 2007. Meeting the Universe Half-

way: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of

Matter and Meaning. Durham et al.: Duke Uni-

versity Press.

Braidotti, Rosi 1994. Nomadic Subjec ts:

Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemp-

orary Feminist Theory. New York: Columbia

Universit y Press.

Braidotti, Rosi 2013. The Posthuman. Cam-

bridge, UK et al.: Polity Press.

Butler, Judith 1999 [1990]. Gender Trouble:

Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New

Yor k et a l.: Rou tle dge.

Crenshaw, Kimberle 1989. Demarginalizing

the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black

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trine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.

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167.

Einstein, Albert. 1905. Ist die Trgheit eines

Krpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhngig?

Annalen der Physik 18 (13):639643.

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What Is Posthumanism? University of Minnesota Press

What does it mean to think beyond humanism? Is it possible to craft a mode of philosophy, ethics, and interpretation that rejects the classic humanist divisions of self and other, mind and body, society and nature, human and animal, organic and technological? Can a new kind of humanitiesposthumanitiesrespond to the redefinition of humanitys place in the world by both the technological and the biological or green continuum in which the human is but one life form among many?

Exploring how both critical thought along with cultural practice have reacted to this radical repositioning, Cary Wolfeone of the founding figures in the field of animal studies and posthumanist theoryranges across bioethics, cognitive science, animal ethics, gender, and disability to develop a theoretical and philosophical approach responsive to our changing understanding of ourselves and our world. Then, in performing posthumanist readings of such diverse works as Temple Grandins writings, Wallace Stevenss poetry, Lars von Triers Dancer in the Dark, the architecture of Diller+Scofidio, and David Byrne and Brian Enos My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, he shows how this philosophical sensibility can transform art and culture.

For Wolfe, a vibrant, rigorous posthumanism is vital for addressing questions of ethics and justice, language and trans-species communication, social systems and their inclusions and exclusions, and the intellectual aspirations of interdisciplinarity. In What Is Posthumanism? he carefully distinguishes posthumanism from transhumanism (the biotechnological enhancement of human beings) and narrow definitions of the posthuman as the hoped-for transcendence of materiality. In doing so, Wolfe reveals that it is humanism, not the human in all its embodied and prosthetic complexity, that is left behind in posthumanist thought.

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What Is Posthumanism? University of Minnesota Press

UN Denounces Muzzling of Teachers Union in Jordan – Voice of America

GENEVA - The U.N. human rights office calls the decision to close Jordans Teachers Syndicate another blow to the unions freedom of association and to its ability to operate without governmental interference.

U.N. rights officials say they are deeply disturbed by the increasingly restrictive and heavy-handed measures being imposed on the independent trade union right to freedom of opinion and expression. They cite worrying reports of excessive use of force by security forces late last month against hundreds of demonstrators who were protesting the arrest and suspension of the Teachers Syndicates leaders.

U.N. human rights spokesman Rupert Colville says his agency has serious concerns about a growing clampdown on press freedoms. He says a recent order by the attorney general to ban all news stories about the syndicates closure and the arrest of its board members tramples on peoples civic rights.

The actions against the Teachers Syndicate, which has over 100,000 members, and its supporters, are emblematic of a growing pattern of suppression of public freedoms and the restriction of civic and democratic space by the Jordanian government, including against labor rights activists, human rights defenders, journalists and those who have peacefully criticized the government, said Colville.

The government and the Teachers Syndicate have been engaged in disputes over low teacher salaries in public schools since the union was formed in 2011. After a four-week strike last October, the government agreed to raise teacher salaries from 35 to 74 percent, depending on their professional level.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Colville says salary increases have been frozen until the end of the year, raising tensions with the syndicate.

While Jordan is clearly facing an economic crisis, like many other countries, partly because of the COVID-19 restrictions, we encourage the government to engage in good faith negotiations with the Teachers Syndicate about their concerns rather than imposing measures that unlawfully restrict the rights to freedom of association, peaceful assembly, opinion and expression, said Colville.

Schools are closed for summer holidays but are due to reopen at the end of the month. However, the U.N. human rights office warns further pressure on the Teachers Syndicate may trigger more strikes, resulting in additional school closures. Among the losers, it says, would be the children, who would be deprived of their right to education.

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UN Denounces Muzzling of Teachers Union in Jordan - Voice of America

Jordan to ramp up repatriation of nationals – Arab News

GAZA CITY: The Gaza Strips rulers Hamas fired rockets into the sea on Monday after repeated exchanges of fire with Israel in recent days, Palestinian security sources and eyewitnesses said.At least eight rockets were seen in the sky, heading toward the Mediterranean Sea, said AFP journalists in the coastal strip, which has been under Israeli blockade for more than a decade.The interior ministry of the Palestinian enclave under Hamas control since 2007 referred to an act of resistance.The rockets were a message to Israel to let it know that armed groups in Gaza will not remain silent in the face of an Israeli blockade and aggression, a source close to Hamas told AFP.The source noted that Mondays rocket fire coincided with the recent launch of incendiary balloons into Israel.In the past week, such balloons have flown three times from Gaza into Israel, each time triggering retaliatory strikes against Hamas positions.The latest came Sunday night when the Israeli military announced that one of its aircraft had struck at a Hamas observation post in northern Gaza.Hamas and Israel have fought three wars since 2008.Despite a truce last year, backed by the UN, Egypt and Qatar, the two sides clash sporadically with rockets, mortar fire or incendiary balloons from Gaza and retaliatory strikes by Israel.Palestinian analysts say fire from Gaza often aims to pressure Israel to give the green light for the transfer of financial aid into the strip.I dont expect a war because neither side wants a war at this stage, Jamal Al-Fadi, professor of political science at Gazas Al-Azhar University, told AFP.These rockets and incendiary balloons are messages from Hamas to Israel to improve economic conditions in the enclave, ease the blockade and implement part of the agreements reached by the two sides, he added.

According to the World Bank, around 53 percent of Gazas population lived below the poverty line before the novel coronavirus crisis.That number could rise above 60 percent due to economic fallout from the pandemic, it has said.So far 81 cases of the novel coronavirus, including one death, have been recorded in the enclave of two million people, where schools reopened this weekend after a five-month shutdown.Israeli Defense Minister and alternate prime minister Benny Gantz said Monday he would be happy to see Gaza develop and for Palestinians in the strip to be able to work in Israel.But that can only happen on one condition: that the boys come home, he said.Gantz was referring to the bodies of two soldiers believed to have been killed in the 2014 Gaza war and their remains held by Hamas, and possibly to two Israeli civilians thought to be held captive by Hamas after they crossed into Gaza over five years ago.In 2011, Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was freed in exchange for more than 1,000 Palestinians held in Israeli prisons.

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Jordan to ramp up repatriation of nationals - Arab News

You’re Going to Like the Union x Air Jordan IVs, Even If You Hated Them – Complex

One of the biggest shoes of 2020 is one that no one liked at all at first. The Union x Air Jordan IV, the follow up to the brand's much-talked-about collaboration on the Air Jordan 1 from 2018, was destined to be a "sneaker of the year" since rumors started to swirl about its existence last year. People didn't need to know what it looked like to want it. It was an Air Jordan by Union. It was going to be great. It was going to resell for $1,000. And everyone who mattered was going to wear them and make you want them even more.

To talk about the Union x Air Jordan IV, we need to go back in time a bit first. Union was started by James Jebbia in New York City in 1989, before he founded Supreme in 1994. The store became one of the first outlets for a burgeoning streetwear culture that would help overlap skateboarding, hip-hop, sneakers, and surf into a style and aesthetic unlike anything before it. Chris Gibbs bought Union in 2008. The NYC store closed in 2009. And now only a Los Angeles store represents the business.

Union became known as a taste-leader in the streetwear world. It wasn't a typical sneaker boutique, although some of its past collaborations include its era-defining take on the Nike Air 180. It was a shop that sold the brands and products that it liked, whether they were the biggest labels at the time or not. (Union was one of the first shops in the U.S. that sold Visvim.) Its Air Jordan 1 collaboration came out not long after the retailer worked with Gary Aspden on an Adidas SPZL collection.

The Air Jordan 1 project was debuted in a unique way. It was placed at a booth at the Rose Bowl Flea Market without any promotion online and organically, at least to our knowledge, discovered by influencers such as Sean Wotherspoon and Emily Oberg, who didn't think the shoes were real.

The sneakers, with their mismatched uppers combining Air Jordan 1 colorways that first released in 1985, took some time to grow on people. Not everyone was sold on them at first. black/red combined with white/blue was a jarring mix. But the hype on the sneakers spiraled out of control, with pairs eventually selling for nearly $2,000.

This wasn't the first time that hype was seen on a Union x Air Jordan 1. A year earlier at ComplexCon, riots nearly broke out as the retailer attempted to release a mismatch pair of black and gold Jordan 1s.

"I underestimated the demand and fervor of the Jordan customer. 2,000 kids lined up yesterday. We were just caught off guard and it messed things up," said Gibbs about the release then. "We love to have the Jordans, but we have other good product and a regular non-Jordan hooligan that's trying to see some of our other shit. Obviously, there's other normal Jordan fans, but there are rough guys fucking it up for everything. They almost pushed over our wall."

Whether by coincidence or design, hype tends to follow Union Air Jordan 1s. Since the release and critical acclaim of the 2018 Air Jordan 1s, the brand's Twitter account tweeted on a regular basis about the shoes, making the sneakers part of the company's identity.

Another collaboration with Jordan Brand has been teased for quite some time. Rumors started to circulate that it would be an Air Jordan IV, unarguably a top-five Air Jordan of all timemaybe even the greatest, depending on who you ask.

"We're definitely circling the wagons around the Jordan IVs," Gibbs told Complex in a July 2019 interview. "It's not 100 percent confirmed yet, but that's kind of where it's at."

One of the few ways that Union could have upped the hype ante on their previous collaborations was with this Air Jordan IV. This time, though, unlike the previous two sneakers (the black/gold pair was released without anyone's prior knowledge at ComplexCon) everyone saw it coming. It was going to be big from the start.

But then there was a lulla letdown when the sneakers were unofficially unveiled. And some could have predicted that outcome. The last sneakers weren't exactly what you'd expect from one of the biggest collaborations of that year, but they became it over time. The sneakers grew on people.

The Air Jordan IVs were different. They had a flapped over tongue, a mesh toebox, and a shape unlike any previous Air Jordan IVs. They didn't appeal to purists of the brand or those simply in it for the hype. But once people were able to see high-definition photos of the shoes, see them styled the right way, and notice that they look more traditional than they thought, the tide on the internet started to turn.

Today, Aug. 6, Union finally gave an official look at the Air Jordans, as well as two pairs of non-retro sneakers that will be included in the collection. And the shoes look much different from the earlier leaked photos. For starters, the tongue can come to full length with the removal of a few stitches.

In a short blog post, Gibbs said: "First time around we took a crack at the AJ I, which was my all time favorite. For our sophomore album... we pivot to my 2nd favorite; the AJ IV. Back in the day, I had always liked to wear my IV's with a short tongue, so I would fold them over themselves and tie them down."

Gibbs used to the sneakers rollout to explain the design of the shoe. "The other major thing we did was that we edited the paneling of the shoes to create a slightly different shape to the shoe. You might not catch this at first, but when you compare our design to the OG AJ IVs. you can tell we added an extra panel, he says. We did this for 2 reasons; first off, it created a dope toe vamp view when you look down... my favorite view is when you look right down at kicks; the 'birds-eye view.' Secondly, It allows for a more balanced ratio of mesh to suede, which is something I was trying to achieve as well."

The sneakers make a lot more sense now, and it's started to change people's minds. Seeing the shoes with a full-length tongue makes the difference to some. Seeing better quality pictures of the shoes also helps. For others, they've simply warmed up to the design or appreciated the story behind them. Needless to say, the hype is afoot on the Union x Air Jordan IVs.

As for me? I'm undecided on my critical analysis of the sneakers (which have been shown in Noir and Guava colorways). I'm not going for Air Jordan IVs anyway, but can still hold a favorable view of the sneaker through a removed lens.

No matter how people feel about these sneakers, this hype was bound to happen. They will be limited. They will resell for a ton of money. The high-profile celebrities and cool internet folks will wear them and kids across America will view them as their grails. Guests on Sneaker Shopping will buy them. The prices will shoot up and people will forget that they hated the shoe to begin with.

It's a sneaker collaboration that's too big to fail. It's weird to lump a Union x Air Jordan IV in with Nike's string of Travis Scott sneakers, Dior x Air Jordan 1s, Ben & Jerry's x Nike SB Dunks, but that's the expectation at this pointeven if Union is the consistently-low-resting heart-rate of a shop that's cool on all accounts, but still beats to its own drum.

Those sneakers take zero convincing to like before consumers even see them. A Union x Air Jordan IV, in theory, should be the same thing. But theres something challenging about the design. Its not a shoe you need to understand to like, but its something you need to consider a few times before you make up your mind. Even with all that said, theres always going to be people who like the shoes anyway, even if they dont know why. As Ive said before, its a Union Air Jordan. Its going to resell for a lot and be worn by famous people.

It's what Gibbs alluded to earlier, their Air Jordans bring in a different consumer from their everyday shopper. It's someone who's going to have different expectations. When the stakes are higher, that's harder to communicate, but that's the case here. It's not a bad thing, either. It's growth and recognition for a small shop that's been the pulse of the streetwear scene since its inception. It just comes with new levels of stress and people to satisfyones that will like the product once someone they deem as cool wears it. Just wait for it to happen with the Union x Air Jordan IVs, they're one Instagram photo away from sneaker of the year.

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You're Going to Like the Union x Air Jordan IVs, Even If You Hated Them - Complex

Adolescent well-being in Jordan: Exploring gendered capabilities, contexts and change strategies – A synthesis report on GAGE Jordan baseline findings…

By Jones, N., Baird, S., Presler-Marshall, E., Maachowska, A., Kilburn, K., Abu Hamad, B., Essaid, A., Amaireh, W., Sajdi, J., Banioweda, K., Alabbadi, T., Alheiwidi, S., Ashareef, Q., Altal, S., Kharabsheh, W., Abu Taleb, H., Abu Azzam, M. and Abu Hammad, B.

Introduction

Situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Jordan has a long history of hosting the regions refugees. Beginning with Palestine refugees in 1948, followed by Iraqi refugees in the 1990s and, since 2011, accepting hundreds of thousands of Syrians fleeing both drought and civil war, it is estimated that of Jordans approximately 10 million inhabitants, 1 in 3 is a refugee. Of those, more than 2 million are Palestinian (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), 2019b), just over 660,000 are Syrian, and nearly 100,000 are from Iraq, Yemen and Sudan (UNHCR, 2019). While the country is ranked high in terms of human development (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2019), Jordan has faced significant economic and social challenges in seeking to absorb its large refugee population. Its public schools, many of which are running double-shift, cannot meet demand and the country faces severe and escalating water shortages. The labour market is also struggling to keep up with the burgeoning population. It is estimated that the real unemployment rate is twice that of the officially reported rate of 15% (CIA World Factbook, 2019; World Bank, 2019b).

Jordans refugee populations are especially vulnerable. While most Palestine refugees have been granted full citizenship, which affords them the same rights and services as other Jordanian citizens, the nearly 20% who remain living in refugee camps (especially those originally from Gaza) are legally barred from doing many types of work, which means they have a poverty rate approaching one-third (31%) (Tiltnes and Zhang, 2013; Palestinian Return Centre, 2018). Jordans Syrian refugees of whom approximately 85% live in urban host communities and 15% live in one of two formal camps are in many ways even more vulnerable, despite assistance from the international community. Approximately 85% live below the Jordanian poverty line (UNHCR, 2018).

Girls and women face additional gender-related barriers, due to social norms and laws that position them as second-class citizens. The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ranks Jordan as very high in terms of gender inequality, and notes that womens rights within the family and access to civil liberties are particularly limited (OECD, 2019b). The World Bank (2019b) reports that womens labour force participation rates in Jordan are among the lowest in the world, while the World Economic Forum (WEF, 2018) notes that Jordans ranking in terms of womens economic opportunity has dropped significantly from 105th to 144th in the past decade.

This report draws on baseline evidence from GAGE (Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence) a unique longitudinal mixed-methods research and impact evaluation study focused on what works to support the development of adolescents capabilities during the second decade of life (1019 years). Recognising that the transformations that take place during adolescence are second only to those experienced in infancy and early childhood in terms of their scope and speed, and that the current generation of adolescents (1.2 billion) is the largest ever, the development community is increasingly focused on how to capitalise on the window of opportunity that is adolescence, to reap a triple dividend: for adolescents today, for their adult trajectories, and for their children.

GAGE brings to this global movement a focus on gender. Our starting point is that adolescent transitions often shape lives in highly gendered ways, due to the prevailing norms of socio-cultural environments. These norms especially around sexuality start to become more rigidly enforced and more consequential in early adolescence, forcing girls and boys trajectories to diverge as they approach adulthood. Understanding this divergence, and tailoring programme interventions accordingly, is critical if we are to fast-track social change.

Drawing on GAGEs mixed-methods research in Jordan, this report synthesises findings about adolescent girls and boys capabilities across six key domains: (1) education and learning; (2) health, nutrition, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH); (3) bodily integrity and freedom from violence; (4) psychosocial well-being; (5) voice and agency; and (6) economic empowerment. It concludes with policy and programming implications viewed through a multidimensional capability lens.

GAGE framing and methods

Conceptual framing

GAGEs conceptual framework takes a holistic approach that pays careful attention to the interconnectedness of what we call the 3 Cs capabilities, contexts, and change strategies to understand what works to support adolescent girls and boys development and empowerment, now and in the future (see Figure 1). This framing draws on the three components of Pawson and Tilleys (1997) approach to evaluation, which highlights the importance of outcomes, causal mechanisms and contexts. However, we tailor that approach to the specific challenges of understanding what works in improving adolescent girls and boys capabilities.

The first building block of our conceptual framework is capability outcomes. Championed originally by Amartya Sen (1984; 2004), and nuanced to better capture complex gender dynamics at intra-household and societal levels by Martha Nussbaum (2011) and Naila Kabeer (2003), the capabilities approach has evolved as a broad normative framework exploring the kinds of assets (economic, human, political, emotional and social) that expand the capacity of individuals to achieve valued ways of doing and being. Importantly, the approach can encompass relevant investments in girls and boys with diverse trajectories, including the most marginalised and hardest to reach, such as those who have a disability or girls who are already mothers.

The second building block of our conceptual framework is context. Our 3 Cs framework situates girls and boys ecologically, recognising that their capability outcomes are highly dependent on family or household, community, state and global contexts.

The third and final building block of our conceptual framework acknowledges that girls and boys contextual realities can be mediated by a range of change strategies, including: empowering individual adolescents; supporting parents; engaging with men and boys on gender inequalities; sensitising community leaders; enhancing adolescent-responsive services; and addressing system-level deficits.

Research questions

Stemming from our conceptual framework, there are three sets of questions that are central to GAGEs research.They focus on:

adolescent experiences and the ways in which these are gendered and also differ according to adolescents economic, social and geographical positioning;

the ways in which programmes and services address adolescent vulnerabilities and support the development of their full capabilities; and

the strengths and weaknesses of programme design and implementation in terms of ensuring programme efficacy, scale and sustainability.

At baseline, we are focusing on the first two questions. We will explore the third question in more detail during subsequent rounds of research currently scheduled for 2019/2020 and 2021/2022.

Research sample and methodology

GAGE is using both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore these research questions. Our baseline data was collected between mid-2018 and early 2019 and included a survey of nearly 4,000 adolescents and their caregivers. We also conducted in-depth individual interviews with 240 young people and their caregivers, held focus group discussions with adolescents, with parents and with community leaders, and conducted key informant interviews with service providers, governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders.

Research sample overview

GAGE research sites were informed by two complementary considerations: (1) a review of existing data and evidence on adolescents and gender in Jordan, which highlighted where the evidence base is especially thin (see Presler-Marshall et al., 2017; Presler-Marshall, 2018); and (2) the design of UNICEF Jordans integrated adolescent and youth programme for vulnerable girls and boys, through which we are exploring questions related to change strategies (as per the GAGE conceptual framework) and how they shape the development trajectories of adolescents from refugee and host communities alike.

GAGE is working in five governorates in Jordan Amman, Mafraq, Irbid, Zarqa and Jerash where most of the Syrian refugee population live. In order to explore the complexity of adolescent realities in refugee and host communities, we spread our sample across three very different contexts: host communities , informal tented settlements (ITSs), and United Nations (UN) refugee camps (see map in Annex 1). Recognising that recent attention has been focused on the Syrian population, and that Jordans Palestinian population is increasingly invisible to development actors, we have also included the ex-Gazan Palestinian population in Jerash refugee camp, which has high rates of child marriage and is particularly disadvantaged economically and socially due to residents lacking national identity documents.

To understand the effects of UNICEFs programming especially its Makani centres (see Annex 2) it was important that our sample included participants and non-participants. For participants, we were able to select adolescents using data from UNICEFs Bayantati (Our Data) database. For non-participants, we undertook a twostep process. In host communities, to minimise differences between the participant and non-participant sample, we selected adolescents whose families were either receiving UNICEFs Hajati cash transfer for vulnerable households, or those who were eligible but due to resource constraints were still on the waiting list (as of mid-2018). In the camps, because there is no equivalent cash transfer programme, we relied on the Refugee Assistance Information System (RAIS) of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and selected adolescents from families with similar vulnerability scores.

Our final quantitative sample consisted of 4,000 adolescents, equally split by sex (girls and boys) and by age cohort (younger adolescents aged 1012 years, and older adolescents aged 1517 years). Because sampling was based on household vulnerability, and refugee households are more vulnerable than Jordanian households, our sample is tilted towards refugees (with 15% Jordanians) (see Table 1 and 2 for details) (Baird et al., 2018). In line with the mandate of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to leave no one behind, we also deliberately over sampled some groups of especially marginalised young people, including those with disabilities and girls who were (or had been) married. Our qualitative sample, which consisted of 240 adolescents, was purposively selected out of the larger sample (for more details on the research methods and research ethics, see Jones et al., 2018).

Read the full report, executive summary, and executive summary in Arabic

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Adolescent well-being in Jordan: Exploring gendered capabilities, contexts and change strategies - A synthesis report on GAGE Jordan baseline findings...

Kevin Hart Tried to Explain Michael Jordan’s Greatness to Joe Rogan – Showbiz Cheat Sheet

It should come as no surprise thatMichael Jordans impactstretches well beyond the basketball court. Athletes, entertainers, and ordinary people around the world look at Jordan for inspiration across all walks.One of these fans is Kevin Hart.

Hart, who prides himself on his hard work drive to always get better, recently sat down with Joe Rogan on his podcast to discuss the impact that Jordan had on his life.

Hart might be known to the casual audience as the loud, funny leading man of several comedies and television shows. While this is true, he did not get to where he is by chance. Comedy, like sports, is a competitive field in its own right, and reaching Harts status requires an equal amount of talent and savvy in getting his name out there.

Hart isnt just a comedian; after all, he.is a media mogul, an entrepreneur, and an innovator in many ways. Seeing somebody like Michael Jordan, who showed that athletes could become a brand unto themselves, likely played dividends in getting Hart to where he is today, and it shows.

Hart is always thinking ahead about what he can do on camera, on the stage, and wherever else hes needed.

He spoke on this to Rogan.

RELATED: Joe Rogans Classic American Muscle Car Set Him Back Over $100k

Speaking aboutThe Last Dancedocumentary with Rogan, Hart, who once famously madeJordan angry with his jabs at a charity event (per NESN), was taken aback byhow otherworldly Jordan seemson and off the court. Amazed, he beamed about what it was like to see a man reach Jordans heights the way he did.

Hes an alien, Hart told the podcast host. Hes one of us. Hes one of those aliens [that] other aliens identify with.

To outsiders and people who never had to reach a Jordan or hart level, Jordans career seems as unlikely as getting superpowers or winning the lottery. However, for Hart, it gives him a benchmark for what he can aspire to be, even as his name grows bigger across the globe.

What this shows you is how different MJ was. That man was a f**ing winner. He was a winner. And thats it. Thats it. MJ won. There is no other conversation. When you watch this doc, and you watched how he approached his days, and why he approached it, and the things that he did, and his reason for doing them, and ultimately what he did, and what his priority and what his goals were, you go, F***.

This is nothing new to those who paid attention. Kobe Bryant was notorious for looking up at Jordan not just as the greatest basketball player ever, but one of the greatest workers.

Just because the diminutive Hart cant go out there and win NBA championships, however, it doesnt mean that he cant use Jordan as inspiration in his field.

Jordan goes beyond sports. While other athletes like Tiger Woods, LeBron James, Serena Williams, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Tom Brady have become international games, none have done so at the level Jordan did. No one ever calls somebody the Tiger Woods of baseball, football, or basketball. They almost always call somebody at the peak of a sport the Michael Jordan of whatever it is.

Hart might be a multi-millionaire celebrity now, but in the 1990s, he was another young man who watched Jordan ascend from NBA All-Star to a worldwide juggernaut. It makes sense, looking back, that Hart could see a man like that and grow inspired to use his methods in another world. Harts story is the story of a lot of people around the world.

This is what separates Jordan from every other athlete in history, and he will likely do so for many years to come, as well.

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Kevin Hart Tried to Explain Michael Jordan's Greatness to Joe Rogan - Showbiz Cheat Sheet

Meet the Leather Expert That’s Ripping Apart $1,000 Air Jordans – Complex

Weston Kay stands in front of a brick backdrop wearing a pair of oversized glasses, a denim shirt, and a patchy beard while brandishing a razor in hand and says, "It's time to put an end to all the speculation and cut these Shattered Backboard Jordans in half to see if the leather quality's that good.and if they're worth the $1,000 I paid for them."

Kay, who runs the leather goods brand Rose Anvil and YouTube page of the same name, has gained notoriety for cutting apart sneakers on the internet to inspect the quality of the product. He's inspected the aforementioned Air Jordan 1s, as well as a pair of lesser-quality Air Jordan 1 mids, Air Force 1s, Common Projects, Vans, and more. And he's found out whether the sneakers are good or poor in quality and amassed nearly 200,000 subscribers in the process.

"I make wallets, belts and our biggest selling thing is camera harnesses for photographers," says Kay, who is located in northern Utah, where he says there is no sneaker culture, aside from a skate shop in town. "I'm not a cobbler, I'm just a general leather worker."

Kay's videos have drawn interest mainly for two reasons: first, nearly every person with an above average interest in sneakers pays attention to quality, and second, there's something very Good Internet about cutting a sneaker in half.

His videos show that cheaper shoes, such as an Air Jordan 1 Mid, aren't even made out of real leather, while the "Shattered Backboard" Air Jordan 1s are constructed of higher-quality leather in parts of the shoe.

"I'm kind of ignorant to the whole hype game and what's hot," says Kay. "I go in fairly blind to the cultural significance of shoes and what people think of shoes. It makes it easier for me to stay unbiased and look at it from a real world sense without being swayed by hype."

The Common Projects Achilles, which retails for over $400, has long been touted as "the only sneaker you'll ever need" by men's style experts who don't know much about sneakers. It's an all-white sneaker made in Italy and renowned for its quality. Kay deconstructed a pair of these and found out quite the opposite was true.

"It really surprised me that that was one that I kind of fell victim to the hype behind it. I heard in my comment sections, online, and just throughout my life that Common Projects were this ultra high-quality sneaker," says Kay. "I was expecting something a little bit more like a boot out of them, like full leather and a lot higher quality. They ended up just being an average shoe. It was a little bit overpriced."

In his video, Kay found out the shoes were made out of "chrome-tanned leather," which is a leather made from a cheaper process than vegetable-tanned leather. He also found out that shoes have a softer sole than Vans or Converse, which means it will wear down faster.

When it came time to dissect the Shattered Backboards, Kay says he felt hesitant. He's not the first person to destroy a sneaker online, although many have done so without the purpose of actually learning about the shoe, rather lighting it on fire or dipping it in fudge for Instagram likes or YouTube views.

"That's a lot of people's holy grail shoes and then they just see some guy cutting it apart on YouTube," says Kay about the Shattered Backboards. "A lot of people were really interested and a lot of people were upset."

He found that the toebox leather on the shoe, which is perceived to be some of the best Jordan has ever put out, was a "pretty good leather for the price." The black leather that's on the toe and heel, Kay says, was a "cheap" leather without grain. Given the $160 retail price on the sneakers, Kay was impressed.

"They're far from really high quality," he says. "They're decent quality for a sneaker."

As far as leather quality in sneakers, goes Kay says many are average, and there may be several factors that cause that. "I think it's planned obsolescence," says Kay. "I also think that when you get these big companies, you have so many people that are trying to make a buck all the way up the corporate ladder. It's all about the bottom line, and they know their shoes are gonna sell no matter what. I think companies are trying to make more money. I think they want people to buy shoes more often."

As far as the future of the channel goes, Kay says he's interested in dissecting an original 1985 Air Jordan 1, although he admits it's probably too expensive. He's also had unnamed boot companies mad at him for exposing what's in their products. Through the whole process, Kay admits that he's gotten a few things wrong (which has been called out by the commenters).

What the future holds for Kay, as far as YouTube goes, remains unknown, but he's going along with it and seeing where it takes him.

"I never intended to be a guy that cuts shoes and boots and half on YouTube. It's funny, right?" says Kay. "It makes me appreciate the sneakers a lot more. It's just really fun seeing what people are paying and how much hype dictates quality in that world."

Go here to read the rest:

Meet the Leather Expert That's Ripping Apart $1,000 Air Jordans - Complex

Meet Jordan Hawkins: Heres what to know about the newest UConn mens basketball recruit – Hartford Courant

UConn will have three scholarships opening next spring, with forwards Tyler Polley, Josh Carlton and Isaiah Whaley all in their senior years. Diggins and Hawkins account for two, and could be the replacements if Bouknight, who is appearing in mock drafts, moves on to the NBA. UConns next recruiting target will probably be a frontcourt player, such as Samson Johnson, 6-10, who played with Adama Sanogo at the Patrick School in New Jersey. Once UConn fills the three spots, Hurley and his staff will be able to wait and see how the season plays out and what additional needs they will have from the Class of 2021. The nationwide recruiting battle has been brewing for 7-0 Bristol Central center Donovan Clingan, clearly a top UConn priority in the Class of 2022.

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Meet Jordan Hawkins: Heres what to know about the newest UConn mens basketball recruit - Hartford Courant

Armstead excited to team up with Jordan again on 49ers – Comcast SportsNet Bay Area

During these uncertain times just a month before the scheduled beginning of an NFL uncertain season, versatility is more important than ever.

Moments before 49ers right tackle Mike McGlinchey followed teammate Arik Armstead to the podiumfor the start of his briefing with Bay Area reporters, McGlinchey took ahold of a spray bottle and rag.

Typically, a staff member disinfects the area in the auditorium at Levi's Stadium between interviews. On Monday, McGlinchey insisted on doing the chore himself.

Its going to be important this season for players --especially backup players --to fill a variety of roles. McGlincheys status as a starter is not in question, but he is getting into the act, too.

Versatility is going to be absolutely huge, McGlinchey said. Its going to make or break guys having jobs and make or break situations to fill our roster because we can get in any situation at any point this year that were not just looking out for injury, were looking out for something we cant really defend ourselves from at times.

To be able to plug and play guys in different positions at different times is really going to allow us to keep moving as smoothly as operationally possible.

Through Sunday, 105 players throughout the NFL have spent time on the reserve/COVID-19 list in the opening weeks of training camp. Seventy-five of those players have been activated, leaving 30 players who are unable to return to their teams practice facilities until cleared.

Both 49ers added to the list, receiver Richie James and running back Jeff Wilson, have been activated.

Teams must prepare for the possibility that they will have to come up with solutions for such problems as several players at one position going on reserve/COVID-19 at the same time. Each team is allowed to carry 16 players on their practice squads this season to help alleviate any concerns.

[49ERS INSIDER PODCAST:Listen to the latest episode]

It is reasonable to expect teams will have players on the practice squad getting familiar playing both ways. Teams will certainly have reserve defensive backs cross train at cornerback and safety. Some defensive linemen and linebackers will have to know all the spots within their position groups. And backup offensive linemen must be functional at multiple positions as insurance, too.

Two of the 49ers' newcomers fit that description, McGlinchey said.

Daniel Brunskill and Tom Compton are rotating during walk-throughs as they compete for the starting job at right guard. Brunskill started at three different positions for the 49ers last season, so he is a fit at nearly every position on the offensive line.

[RELATED:How Jimmy G, Trent Williams feel about fan-less games]

Compton is a veteran who has played right tackle and both guard positions in the course of his eight-year career.

Rookie Colton McKivitz, a fifth-round draft pick, started at left tackle and right tackle at West Virginia. He also is likely to be available to play guard for the 49ers.

Its two guys come in and compete really hard for us and give us added depth not just at the one position, but a bunch of them, McGlinchey said of Compton and McKivitz. Its going to allow us to do certain things with those guys and push other guys forward.

Link:

Armstead excited to team up with Jordan again on 49ers - Comcast SportsNet Bay Area

SLC Police and Fire crews pull children from car in Jordan River Canal – fox13now.com

SALT LAKE CITY A teenager and a young child are in critical condition at Primary Childrens Hospital after a car accident late Saturday night.

According to Salt Lake City Police, a car was speeding while driving west on Indiana Avenue. As the car turned onto Delong Street, it flipped and rolled into the Jordan River Canal.

The 20-year-old driver and two juveniles escaped the car before first responders arrived.

A 15-year-old and a 2-year-old were pulled from the wreckage in the canal.

Two officers with the Salt Lake City Police Department were the first to arrive on the scene.

They jumped into the canals murky water to rescue the trapped children from the almost fully submerged car.

They jumped out of their cars and into action. Its unknown how long the juveniles were in the water at the time, said Sgt. Andrew Cluff of the Salt Lake City Police Department. With the situation being as it was, officers felt compelled to jump in and do all that they could do to get them out of the car.

Crews from Salt Lake City Fire arrived shortly after and assisted the officers in getting the children out of the water.

We are more than willing to put our lives on the line to save anyone, Cluff said. With regard to this incident, with the car completely submerged, officers were completely submerged in the car trying to get the juveniles out.

Investigators believe speed was the ultimate factor in this crash. It is unlikely the driver will face any criminal charges. The speed limit for that section of Indiana Avenue and Delong Street is 30 miles per hour.

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SLC Police and Fire crews pull children from car in Jordan River Canal - fox13now.com

Commentary: Shades of the past at City Hall – SW News Media

The Jorda nCity Council meeting on Aug. 3 ran about three hours and 20 minutes. It ended after 10 p.m., having started at 6:30 p.m. Two councilors were not there.

When I was on the city council, and even before, there was much discussion about how long the meetings were, and what was to be done to shorten them. One of the changes made was to eliminate a second public comment session at the end of the meeting.

Back then I did a little research and learned that the two public comment periods ran an average of seven to eleven minutes combined. The council, in its wisdom decided to eliminate one public comment period.

Meetings continued to run long, Most of the length came from councilors repeating themselves ad infinitum, and debating things during council comment. Often the things being debated had been decided earlier in the meeting. Sometimes councilors brought up things for discussion which would have been more appropriately handled as an agenda item. Those ambushes deprived (and still deprive) co-councilors of an opportunity to make a reasoned response, and opposed to just knee-jerking it.

Even back then, the councilors (well, some of them anyway) wanted to behave like unruly children, talking over each other, interrupting, holding side discussions, and generally ignoring Roberts Rules, which were then the legally mandated form for conducting a council meeting in Jordan.

So here we are again, with the council having a meeting running over three hours, just like in 2011.

Roberts Rules is gone. Audience participation is all but gone. The only ones to blame for long council meeting are the councilors themselves.

So heres my suggestion. The mayor, as chair of the meeting has the power to instruct each councilor to take turns speaking, and to limit each turn to some set time (three minutes is what the council deems adequate for the unwashed masses). The chair has the power to tell the council no one will speak until each councilor has taken his or her turn, after which each councilor may take a second, time constrained turn if he or she wishes.

The mayor, as chair has the power to tell anyone (including MnDOT) their presentation may not exceed a predetermined length. Id say 10 minutes is fair.

The mayor, as chair, also has the power to table agenda items if it looks like the agenda is too long, or contains especially time consuming items (like closed session legal issues).

And finally, the chair has the power to require that councilors not discuss during council comment any topic that has been on the agenda during the meeting. Rehashing what went on earlier in the meeting is just a waste of time.

The Quote: Talk low. Talk slow. And dont say too much. -John Wayne

Thom Boncher is a retired marketing communications manager, former Jordan City Council member and Jordan resident since 2003.

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Commentary: Shades of the past at City Hall - SW News Media

Jordan King Abdullah II is gifted with quilt crafted in Granby – masslive.com

Every quilt, as they say, has a story. With gold metallic thread, this one links all the way to Jordan from a dot on the map in the Pioneer Valley.

I was commissioned to make a quilt for King Abdullah II in Jordan by Bill Schenker, explains Brenda Knight, of Granby.

Schenker, who is the retired police chief in South Hadley, was among the group of law enforcement members from across Western Massachusetts who were part of a security team for Jordans king, Abdullah II, decades ago. The team provided security to the king and his brother when they attended the Eaglebrook School and Deerfield Academy.

Through the whole school year, he would guard him from Friday night through Sunday, every weekend, Knight explains. Bill got to know him really well over the years. They had him and his brother over to their home for barbecues and ball games. They are still very good friends. He went to visit him in Jordan a few times. They even went to his wedding.

More than a year ago now, Schenker thought hed like to get a quilt made for his old friends birthday. Someone mentioned Knights name, and thus began the story of the quilts creation.

Measuring a little over 7-feet square, the quilt, now en route to the king, is composed of star blocks, the colors chosen from a jelly roll which is a collection of fabric strips with complementary colors and patterns. It features tan shades that Knight says represented the desert and blues which reflect the sky. I also wanted to depict the ancient ruins (of Jordan), she added.

In the center, on a large square, were sewn the royal crown, a map of Jordan showing its major cities, and the flag of Jordan. The border and backing is royal blue, though upon close inspection there is royal purple as well.

The fabric is batik, says Knight, manufactured in Indonesia.

Once the squares were sewn together, she passed the project on to her daughter, Selena Krajewski, in Pennsylvania. Krajewski machine quilted the piece with the gold thread. She did a masterful job, said Knight. It came out very well.

Knight herself is masterful. As a child she learned to sew from her mother. She didnt pick up quilting until she was a young mother. I went to a lot of quilting classes, explains the long-time member of the Hands Across the Valley Quilters Club.

She has tried her hand at basket weaving. In addition, in her home hangs a number of paintings reflecting her love of the countryside in which she lives. She has tried oils and acrylic, but likes watercolor the best.

Quilting remains her favorite craft. Sewing I Spy quilts for the children at the Shriners Hospital gives me joy. But I was a bit stressed while working on the Kings quilt, she admits. I wanted everything to go right.

The first priority in quilting is planning. When Knight met with Schenker, she had the initial idea of something Americana, reminiscent of the kings years in New England. But Schenker had an idea of his own. How about two quilts? One to represent Deerfield Academy and the other to represent King Abdullahs new Kings Academy in Jordan?

Schenker told Knight he knew that the new academy, designed much like Deerfield and built in 2008, was close to the kings heart. That seemed a bit of a reach with Knights time constraints, so she brought quilt samples and he brought literature about Jordan. Together, they came up with a plan.

Before being sent to Jordan, the completed quilt hung in the Granby Public Library for a few hours. Many quilting friends and curious townsfolk came, said Knight.

It was the Schenkers first time seeing the completed quilt. It was emotional, she adds. I was happy that they were so pleased with it.

The quilt is en route to Jordan, where, Knight has been told, it will hang in a place of honor in a government building near the kings office.

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Jordan King Abdullah II is gifted with quilt crafted in Granby - masslive.com

‘Atheist Overreach’ and the Law of Conservation of Worship – Patheos

Hello and welcome back! Recently, I got a little book with a title Id consider clickbait in a blog post:Atheist Overreach.Its author, Christian Smith, says he wrote it to help normies achieve greater insight and perhaps, dare I say, enlightenment. Oof. I wanted to show it to you because its a relatively new book that rehashes a lot of the same old bad arguments we see in apologetics most especiallythe Law of Conservation of Worship. Today, lets review this law and see how Christian Smith falls afoul of it.

(Interestingly, this book doesnt seem to push Christianity as a divinely-fueled supernatural-driven faith system. It seems to deal more with coercive religion as a means of social control of a communitys citizens and about how he thinks thats a good thing.)

Christian Smith wroteAtheist Overreach. According to his Amazon biography, he teaches sociology at Notre Dame. According to this link from the school, hes the former director of the Center for the Study of Religion and Society.

Interestingly, Smith is one of the co-authors ofDivided by Faith, a book that we actually like around here.

I suspect hes a fervent Catholic, because hes also written books arguing against biblical literalism and offering instructions for how evangelicals can convert to Catholicism. Theres this reportabout former young Catholics, too, which he co-authored.

I also dont think he likes atheists or atheism itself all that much. (Source.)

Atheist Overreachcame out just last year (2019). Thus, Smith wrote this book well after Christianitys decline had begunandwell after the vast majority of Christian leaders had recognized and accepted the fact that they were, in fact, in decline. That understanding of decline permeates the books pages like the scent of cigarette smoke. You can really perceive a difference between it and, say, that silly Lee Strobel puffery we reviewed just a bit ago. The difference starts looking even more dramatic when we compareOverreachto that soulwinning book from 1959.

So thats the author of the book.

We first discussed this idea back in 2016. Clint came up with it.A while ago, he smacked down a Christian over onGodless in Dixie with it, and it immediately got stuck in my head forever.

Here is the Law of Conservation of Worship in full form:

For every action and belief Christians hold, their enemies and sales targets have an equal and opposite reactionary action and belief. Spiritual practices are neither created nor destroyed; as beliefs change, they simply transfer to another method of expression.

And here is how it works:

Christians often assume that people of other faiths do and believe all the exact same things they do and believe, practice the same devotions, talk the same ways, and suffer the same dysfunctions in their relationships and groups. Those non-Christians just utilize different jargon for their stuff.

Since this book deals with atheism, heres how thatd look for atheists:

Obviously, atheists dont go to church; they go to science lectures. Atheists dont have priests and popes; instead, they answer to Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens. Atheists dont evangelize for Jesus; they evangelize for science. Atheists dont revere the Bible as a holy book; they revere Charles Darwins bookOn the Origin of Species. Atheists dont use apologetics to PROVE YES PROVE that Jesus really exists; they use science to PROVE YES PROVE that he totally doesnt (COUGH: except they fail all the time, poor little dears, unlike Christians using apologetics). They dont trust in the teachings of their faith, but rather in the Scientific Method.

Most of all: atheists dont worship Jesus; they worship themselves.

The projection this Law inspires just goes on and on and on.

As the saying goes, every accusation they make is really a confession.

In this re-imagining, atheists seek to enshrine the persecution of Christians into the public sphere and from there, punish their enemies (Christians). Atheists seek to indoctrinate children in atheism instead of Christianity. They accept without even questioning all the things their scientists tell them. And oh, one fine day atheists hope to dance over the corpse of Christianity with delight and then make atheism Americas new official religion.

See what I mean? No wonder so many Christians imagine atheists as toddlers angry about not getting candy for dinner. Their entire conceptualization of atheism is justwrong in every single direction. They seriously see it as a sort of childish warping of their own religion!

And if atheism actually worked like they think, well, they wouldnt be wrong.

It doesnt. However, a huge number of Christian leaders are deeply invested in making the flocks think thats what it looks like. And it seems like Christian Smith is one of them.

Now then. With all that in mind, lets examine the cover ofAtheist Overreach. Seriously. Thats how far I got before head-desking.

You see, we immediately encounter a false accusation and the Law of Conservation of Worship on the cover. Heres the books full title:

Atheist Overreach: What Atheism Cant Deliver

And anybody who actually is an atheist or knows what it actually involves immediately knows that this book is not going to be helpful to anybody seeking real answers.

First of all, atheists do not commit overreach.

Instead, atheist activists fight Christian overreach. But theyre not the only ones fighting against that tyranny. Christians, too, fight the overreach of their more power-lusting peers.

And Smith oughta know this! Remember, he helped writeDivided by Faith.

For example, lets check out the website of Americans United (AU). There, we see a tab called Our Issues. These are the issues they actively fight:

In every single one of the listed items, we discover that the problem being fought is Christian overreach in that area.

Under Schools, as just one example, we discover that AUs concern centers around Christians trying to get taxpayer dollars to cover religious education at religious schools, a system which tends to be really substandard if not harmful to children.

If Christians werent constantly trying to insert their beliefs into the public sphere and force their cruel and impossible religious rules on everybody else, this organization would not even be a thing. I could say much the same thing regarding any other atheist group out there. Atheists organize to stop Christians from turning America into a theocracy.

Secondly, Smiths subtitle tells us that atheism doesnt deliver.

I saw that and thought, Of course it doesnt. What a ridiculous thing to say.

Atheism never promises to deliver anything to anybody in the first place. Its non-belief, not belief; the absence of a package of claims, not a package of claims.

But thats the Law of Conservation of Worship for ya.

Christians expect Christianity to deliver all kinds of results to them. Of course, it delivers precisely none of them outside of purely earthly stuffsometimes, like social interaction. If any Christians yowl too loudly about not getting oft-promised results, they get yelled at and gaslit into silence. If they deconvert when they realize nothing in the religion is what it says it is, they get insulted by Christians cuz they wanted a pony and didnt get it.

(Indeed, when Christians of all stripes talk about praying for stuff, many of them invoke this exact phrase to illustrate how silly it is to be upset over not getting what they pray for. Usually, they describe their own small children praying for the ponies in question. The metaphor of a silly little child praying for a pony has become very popular among Christians as a means of insulting ex-Christians for taking Christian marketing and indeed the Bible itself at their word.)

So Christians often assume thatother religions and philosophies and ideologies and mindsetsalso make similar promises to their adherents. Since Christianity promises all kinds of stuff, obviously atheism must promise all the same stuff!

I really dont know what these Christians think atheism actually promises. I could find not one example of even one of these supposed promises. Maybe the book will tell us. But whatever atheism promises to atheists, Christian Smiths subtitle asserts, it does not deliver.

Unlike Christianity. Which always delivers. Unless it doesnt. Which totally still counts as a delivery. Because shut up, thats why.

Gosh, itd really just super-suck for Christian Smith if the entire operating premise for his book turned out to be based on a really flawed misunderstanding of exactly what atheism is and what it really promises (or rather, doesnt promise at all, ever, to anybody).

But that seems to be exactly whats going on here.

Starting with the initial claim that atheists commit any kind of overreach and then continuing with a subtitled claim that atheism somehow doesnt deliver something it promises to atheists, hes already set himself up for absolute failure.

I know why hes set up this unnecessary showdown, of course.

He needs to make atheism look really unappealing. And he does so by warping atheism into a strawman that will be familiar to Christian readers.

That is the entire purpose of the Law of Conservation of Worship. Christians invoke it when they want to make other religions and mindsets look like pale imitations of their own religion, which will then be offered up as the onlyreal dealin the world.

As we saw above in his biography, Christian Smith feels deeply concerned about how quickly his religion is bleeding young adults. Catholicism in particular facesan even more rapid decline than other flavors of Christianity do. A 2015 Pew survey found that about half of young Catholics end up leaving the church, with only about 11% returning to church at some later date. Its 2018 survey gave Catholic leaders no reason for optimism either.

Absolutely, positivelynothingCatholic leaders are doing is changing anything there, either. Consequently, I imagine their ongoing panic attack over retention is entering its fourteenth-ish straight year at this point. They can demonize atheism all they want: its still growing, while Catholicism is shrinking. Even just Nones (adults who are unaffiliated with any religion) are growing rapidly.

In addition to making atheism look unappealing, then, Smith needs to make his own religion look like the Last Ideology Standing. He wants Christianity to look like the literal only option on the shelf if someone wants to lead a good, moral, decent life.

So from the very beginning,Atheist Overreachmakes two assertions that I know already are flat-out incorrect. Thats unfortunately completely expected from Christian authors, but its especially disappointing from this one.

And thats our review of thecoverofAtheist Overreach, yall!

NEXT UP: The introduction ofAtheist Overreachproves that your fourth-gradeteacher and Carl Sagan were both wrong aboutdumb questions. Get your desks nicely-padded for this one. See you soon!

Come join us onFacebook,Tumblr,Pinterest, andTwitter!(AlsoInstagram, where I mostly post cat pictures.)

Also please check out our Graceful Atheist podcast interview!

Ifyou like what you see, I gratefully welcome your support. Please consider becoming one of my monthly patrons viaPatreon with Roll to Disbelievefor as little as $1/month! MyPayPal is captain_cassidy@yahoo.com(thats an underscore in there) for one-time tips. You can also support this blog throughmy Amazon Affiliate linkand, of course, by liking and sharing my posts on social media! This blog exists because of readers support, and I appreciate every single bit of it.

(Dont worry. Its a really short book. This wont be aThis Present Darkness situation type deal. I just got frosted over the title of the book and had some things to say.)

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'Atheist Overreach' and the Law of Conservation of Worship - Patheos

Richard Dawkins admitted ONE thing would make him believe in God – Daily Express

Professor Dawkins is highly regarded for his assertive take on atheism and his rejection of religion, but made the bombshell confession while chatting to iconic star - and fellow atheist - Mr Gervais. The pair discussed the topic in detail while appearing in a church, in which both dissected the true meanings behind God and why people believe in religion. During the talk, Prof Dawkins admitted that if he had lived in a pre-Charles Darwin era, before the theory of evolution was truly understood, then he would likely be a believer in God.

Prof Dawkins said: "Some people would say that the scientific view is rather bleak and cold. Here we are on a cloud - well a bit of dust really - that is orbiting the Sun and it's going to go and it's all going to be destroyed one day.

"Do you find that bleak?"

Mr Gervais, who is often outspoken in his views on religion, criticised the opinion, explaining: "There's no god-fearing person of any religion who feels as much awe as me when I see a mountain or a tree, or the star or anything in science and nature and art, I don't buy it.

"I just don't buy it. The fact that this is a miraculous mistake."

Prof Dawkins interjected: "And you and I are privileged to be here to enjoy it even if it's for a short time, that's wonderful."

Mr Gervais then swiped: "Oh yeah, it's good that we were born after they discovered fossils and dinosaurs isn't it?"

Prof Dawkins then explained that it was good that "we were born at all", before Mr Gervais asked: "What would you be like if you were pre-Darwin?"

The atheist replied in 2012: "Oh I would probably believe in God if I were pre-Darwin."

JUST IN:Richard Dawkins fury: How atheist hit out at religion's 'pathetic bid'

It isn't the first time Mr Gervais has been critical of those who rally against atheism, which is described as being a "disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods".

Mr Gervais, who is also a major force in the battle for animal rights, criticised those who claim atheism is a form of arrogance in a discussion with Nicky Clark in 2015.

He explained that among some of the biggest misconceptions about his beliefs were likening it to Satanism, or even defining atheism as there being "belief there is no God" as opposed to understanding it as a lack of belief.

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The star added: A particularly annoying one is that atheism is smug or arrogant.

"What can be more arrogant than believing that the same God who didnt stop the Holocaust will help you pass your driving test?"

Throughout his career, Mr Gervais has sought to defend himself and his beliefs following major rows in the past, especially when people cite arrogance among atheists.

The rest is here:

Richard Dawkins admitted ONE thing would make him believe in God - Daily Express

‘Atheist Overreach’ Blames the Wrong People | Roll to Disbelieve: ‘Atheist Overreach’ Blames the Wrong People – Patheos

Hi and welcome back! Yesterday, we checked out the 2019 bookAtheist Overreach: What Atheism Cant Deliver by Christian Smith. Amazingly, we didnt even get past the title of the book. Today, we dive into the books introduction where we discover that yes, indeed, wecanjudge a book by its cover. Let me show you how this book completely mischaracterizes Christianitys decline and then blames the wrong people for it.

Immediately at its start,Atheist Overreachutterly mischaracterizes Christianitys decline. Im not exaggerating. Here is the very first sentence of his Introduction (p. 1; you can follow along with a lot of this on Amazons preview):

People the world over today are engaged in big struggles over the viability and importance of religion in personal and private life.

Annnnnnd let me stop us right there.

See, that is not the problem. Thats not why the struggle exists.

What the struggle actually involves is exactly how much power Christian leaders will be allowed to wield over the lives of people who do not want to comply with their demands.

More and more of us dont want Christian dominance enshrined into law and government, nor to subsidize its social clubs when well never enjoy a single benefit (even indirectly) from their operations. We fight to stop its culture wars gaining the teeth to rend human rights, and most of all its fists gaining iron gloves to batter others into obedience.

This aint aboutviability and importance. Rather, its aboutcoercive power over others.

By the same token, non-Christians dont care about Christianitys value in adherentspersonal and private lives. Instead, we despise toxic Christiansongoing efforts to force us to play along with theirhappy pretendy fun time game.

Im guessing that a Christian wont want to talk about their tribes own role in ending their dominance, though.

Smith continues:

Religions throughout human history have been an important feature of most cultures and have been practiced by billions of people.

So?Hes trying to make religion sound like a wondrous thing that people practiced for millennia, and his implication is not lost on me: those mean ole atheist meaniepies are out there trying to destroy this venerable human practice.

But its easy to demolish this argument.

An appeal to antiquity in the second sentences of his book?

Thats not a good look for an academic.

Smith introduces his villains early on at least. Heres the rest of his first paragraph:

But the modern worldhas set in motion powerful forces of secularization and, as part of that, recurrent waves of activist atheism have confronted and criticized religion. Most recently in the West, the so-called New Atheism has pressed hard to discredit belief in God and undermine religious influences in society.

Annnnnd hes wrong again.

Yes, the modern world trends increasingly toward secularization. That trend began centuries ago and has only accelerated despite the Catholic Churchs kicking and screaming. Its not even complete yet, largely because of that kicking and screaming.

Catholics (and their pals in fundagelicalism) are not kicking and screaming against secularization because theyre just so saaaaad about their imaginary friend religion being discredited or their influence being undermined.

Rather, these leaders are visiblypanicky andfurious over losing their coercive power over nonconsenting people. What Smith complains about ultimately reflects that loss of power. Nobodyd be doing that stuff if Christianity still held all the power it did once.

And Christians like Christian Smith want that power back.

He doesnt assign 100% of the blame for Christianitys decline on atheists or even New Atheists, just to keep the air clear. He appears to view atheists as one aspect of secularization (p. 131), not the entirety of it. However, atheists are in fact the only group he specifically names as driving secularization. He names no others, at least in this introduction. Though he also seems to understand that not all atheists hold the same views about morality, he presents them overwhelmingly as a mostly-unified group of smug cranks who just hate Christians for their, um, I dunno, theirepistemic justificationI guess?

I dont even know what New Atheism even means to Christian Smith in Atheist Overreach.The phrase itself lost relevance years ago. Smith names some of the big names from years ago but doesnt specifically explain what New Atheism might involve. Maybe hell do that later.

However, whoever Smith thinks is involved with Christianitys decline, theyve had next to nothing to do with the matter.

Atheists didnt do this.

Nor even Nones.

This ones all on his fervent tribemates.

Christians and in particular Catholics are losing their power because they have a solid history of abusing it. From the very first day they gained the kind of coercive power I describe, they began using it and they have always used it to its fullest extent.

Nothing any non-Christians could say could ever compare to the hundreds of skeletonsCatholics hid in Tuam. Or to the brutality they inflicted with the Magdalene Laundries. Or to the Crusades and the Inquisition, or to their long-standing habit of stealing babies from poor women to adopt out to nice Christian families. And the mind boggles at exactly how far and how deep the entire child-rape scandal really goes.

No. New Atheists, whoever they are, had almost nothing to do with the exposure of any of these scandals or the deep financial scandals Catholic leaders appear to be doing their best to conceal even now.

However, Christian Smith wants to point at those darn dirty ATHEISTS as the cause of all this trouble!

Blame atheists! Not toxic Christians! Not the people actually doing the scandalous stuff!

Now, lets move on ahead to page 2. (Yes, we have finally made it to the second page, yall! Were blazing full steam ahead now! Red hot maximum overdrive, thats us!) Smith writes:

At stake in this global struggle is the long-term character of human civilizationswhether religions will continue to have a significant place in human life or instead fade into implausibility and irrelevance.

And well pause there.No, that is not whats at stake unless by significant he means coercively dominant.

I think hes using very euphemistic language here. He sets up a false dilemma as well, because the truth of Christianitys ultimate fate will likely be found between those extremes.

But yes, Christian leaders will lose their coercive power eventually. Not a single chance they wont. If nothing else, theyll lose that critical mass of butts-in-pews (BIPs) they must have to raise the funds ($$$) they need to keep their operations going.

Hey, lets be fair, now. Buying politicians must cost a lot of money.Heres more stuff that seems very spendy: endless church programs; potentially-illegal political meddling; fruitless evangelism campaigns; forced-abduction indoctrination/re-education camps; constant payouts to abuse victims; luxuries (like yachts) for their Dear Leaders; real-estate scams; and eyesore statues.

All of that stuffs at stake too!

Gosh, yall! Wont anybody think of theyacht partiesthat are soon to be lost forever?

The biggest thing at stake is Christian dominance itself, however. Thats the Big Kahuna Burger of this whole struggle.

Without dominance, Christians cant reverse their decline.

Indeed, Christians have never been able to sell their religion without coercion. For most of their history, they havent had tosellit at all. They hadforceto do the talking for them.Thus, they never developed the skills necessary to persuade new people to join up. Nor do they want to develop those skillsnow for a variety of awful reasons.

But things are changing quickly, whether Christians like it or not.

We are quickly entering a whole new world: one where almost everybody can freely reject or accept Christian demands without fear of retaliation or repercussions.

Christianitys decreasing coercive power is a game-changer, yall. Thats why they keep losing people and why fewer and fewer people care what they think about anything. Thats why their leaders scandals keep getting exposed and why all the shielding around their criminals and abusers seems to be disintegrating all at once.

The more we learn about how Christians use power, the firmer our resolve grows to never let them have it back.

In that new world, Christian leaders wont be able to stop people from leaving their ranks. Nor will they be able to stop even their own flocks from freely choosing their desired level of engagement in devotions like tithing and church attendance, which directly translate to $$$ and BIPs.

Oh, but their losses will go even further than that into cultural declines in power.

Soon and very soon, almost everybody will feel perfectly free to criticize Christians/Christianity and be very vocal about rejecting their demands and overreach. Every Christian leader guilty of shocking hypocrisy and criminal deeds might even be caught and held accountable in that future world.

Best of all, almost nobody will fear Christian love.

What I describe is already the case formostof us.

But soon, oh soon! Itll be the norm for almost everyone. You watch and see.

And well,Atheist Overreachsees this societal change as an awful, terrible, no-good disaster for literally everybody.

So inAtheist Overreach, we have an author who doesnt seem able to engage with exactly why his religion isdeclining. Consequently, he blames the wrong people and the wrong forces for that decline.

Weve seen this problem many times in apologetics and Christian how-to roadmaps. If Christians cant even correctly identify the causes of the problems theyve identified and if they cant actually accurately identify the problems themselves in the first place then theyre not bloody likely to come up with solutions that actually address even their misidentified problems.

Instead, theyre going to offer go-nowhere, do-nothing non-solutions that amount to busy-work while their damaged yacht sinks under the waves.

It wont work. Thatll keep some of the flocks in place for a little while longer, but it wont persuade normies outside the sheepfold to obey. Not while Christian leaders are still out there committing crimes, being shockingly hypocritical, and abusing people.

And whats really offensive about this book so far is that it assigns atheistseven a bit of the blame for Christianitys decline. Thats nothing more than scapegoating, and really offensive scapegoating at that.

No, #sorrynotsorry, this ones entirely Christians own fault. Thered be nothing to criticize if they had actually abided by their own moral code and wielded their power well and justly and wisely. Nobodyd be chipping away at that power and publicizing their scandals if Christians werent such hypocrites. That hypocrisy is what led to Christianitys decline not a very few atheists being meaniepies about Baby Jesus and Mother Theresa.

Christians were never worthy of the power they held. When they had it, they hurt and abused people. This pain and abuse went on for centuriesand eventually touched almost every family under their thumb.

And that in a nutshell is why Christians are now losing dominance and will never get it back.

When Christian Smith points his finger at atheists, maybe he needs to notice the three fingers pointing back at himself.

NEXT UP: The actual product being sold inAtheist Overreach. (Its not what we usually see from Christians!) Ill show you what it is tomorrow. See you then!

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'Atheist Overreach' Blames the Wrong People | Roll to Disbelieve: 'Atheist Overreach' Blames the Wrong People - Patheos

Influential actor leaves atheism and turns to God – Uganda Christian News

Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins CBE is a Welsh actor, director and film producer. COURTESY PHOTO.

By Agencies

Sir Anthony Hopkins is one of the most well-known actors of our time. For years, he was a well-known atheist, too. But all of that changed when a woman at an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting challenged his disbelief with one, simple question. That was the beginning of the inspiring Anthony Hopkins testimony.

No matter how successful someone may seem from the outside, we all have our own internal struggles. During the earlier years of Anthony Hopkins career, he found himself in his own battle with alcoholism.

Anthonys addiction started innocently. He adopted a worldly mindset and drank because thats what you do in theater, you drink.

But as is the case too often, the social pastime soon took over his life. By 1975, Anthonys drinking had spiraled out of control.

I was hell-bent on destruction, the award-winning actor said, according to Godtv.com. It was like being possessed by a demon, an addiction, and I couldnt stop. And there are millions of people around like that.

But its in our weakest moments that Gods strength works best!

Sir Anthony Hopkins realized he needed help. So, he turned to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Up until then, Anthony Hopkins had been an atheist. But during an AA meeting, a woman asked him a simple question.

Why dont you just trust in God?

Its not something Anthony had ever tried. But as desperate as he was, he thought, Well, why not? Deciding to believe and trust in God was the moment everything changed for the desperate actor.

I could not stop [drinking], but I just asked for a little bit of help and suddenly, pow. It was just like, bingo, Anthony Hopkins recalled.

Miraculously, Anthony says the craving to drink was taken from him, never to return again. And hes believed in God ever since, working day after day, year after year, to grow in his faith.

When asked in a CNN interview with Piers Morgan if he believed in God, former-atheist Anthony Hopkins replied wholeheartedly, Yes, I do. I do.

Years after finding faith, Anthony Hopkins is regarded as one of the greatest actors of our time. In fact, he earned the title of Sir Anthony Hopkins when Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1993, for his contributions to the performing arts.

As such an esteemed actor, Anthony was invited to speak to a crowd of nearly 500 high school and college students at the annual Leadership, Excellence and Accelerating Your Potential conference (LEAP). And he shared with them the dangers of conforming to the world.

If you chase the money, its not gonna work. And if you chase success, its not gonna work, he said.

In fact, in a separate interview, Anthony opened up about how unfulfilling success alone is.

You know, I meet young people, and they want to act and they want to be famous, the acclaimed actor explained. And I tell them, when you get to the top of the tree, theres nothing up there. Most of this is nonsense, most of this is a lie. Accept life as it is. Just be grateful to be alive.

After sharing how he was saved from the depths of alcoholism, Anthony Hopkins explained the power our words and our beliefs have over our lives. He also touched on how God can use anything, even our biggest messes, for good.

I believe that we are capable of so much, Anthony said. From my own life, I still cannot believe that my life is what it is because I should have died in Wales, drunk or something like that. We can talk ourselves into death or we can talk ourselves into the best life weve ever lived. None of it was a mistake. It was all a destiny.

While Anthony Hopkins has, at times, played characters who are truly evil, the actor lives out his real life with Christ in his heart. Hes been an atheist before finding God and now he just feels sorry for atheists, comparing a life of disbelief to living in a closed cell with no windows.

Id hate to have to live like that, wouldnt you? Sir Anthony Hopkins asked.

What a beautiful reminder the Anthony Hopkins testimony was of the hope we have through Jesus!

h/t:GodTV

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Influential actor leaves atheism and turns to God - Uganda Christian News

Rendezvous with Rama: India can comfortably straddle the crossroads of science and religion – The Times of India Blog

In Arthur C Clarkes acclaimed sci-fi story The Nine Billion Names of God, monks at a Tibetan lamasery aspire to list all possible names of God. They believe once this list is completed, God will bring the Universe to an end. Writing out the estimated nine billion names by hand, as they have been doing, would take 15,000 years, so they hire a computer (it is 1953) and two programmers for the purpose. The Western programmers are sceptical, but as they play along (for good money), they worry the lamas will get upset at the end of three months when the computer is expected to finish churning out all the names and nothing happens. So they plan to bolt the monastery just as the computer is printing out the final pages.

Lets save the climax of the magnificent story for the end, as Clarke did. But the tale brings us to the crossroads of science and religion, often seen as being at odds to each other. This debate is particularly vigorous in the US and India, two countries that are avowedly purportedly, to some secular in different ways. India asserts its secularism constitutionally, albeit through an (42nd) amendment; it is more implicit in the US in its founding documents. Both have been imperfect in the practice of secularism, the fundamental principle of which is separation of the state from religious institutions.

For the longest time, Indian and American leaders, going back to founders of the two republics, forsook overt religious outreach. Although Mahatma Gandhi identified himself as a Hindu, he was more spiritual in its practice, seldom going to a temple or conducting rites and rituals associated with Hinduism. He called himself both an idolater and iconoclast, and in one instance said he found the tree worship instinct with a deep pathos and poetic beauty symbolising true reverence for the entire vegetable kingdom which, with its endless panorama of beautiful shapes and forms, declares to us, as it were with a million tongues, the greatness and glory of God.

Americas Christian Founding Fathers notably Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin were also deists who possessed a scientific temperament and rejected revelation, believing reason and observation of the natural world was sufficient to consider the existence of a Supreme Being or Creator.Several surveys have shown that India is now among the most religious countries in the world. According to the 2012 WIN-Gallup Global Index of Religion and Atheism report, 81% of Indians polled said they were religious, 13% were non-religious, 3% were convinced atheists, and 3% were unsure or did not respond. In the US, polls have shown anywhere from 60-70% of people are religious and 5-10% identify themselves as atheists or agnostics.

Fast forward to 2020, an age of immense scientific progress and there is growing display of religiosity. From President Donald Trumps walk across from the White House to a church to use the Bible as a prop, to Prime Minister Narendra Modis participation in the Ram Temple ceremony in Ayodhya, there is a sense they are appealing to their respective base of Bible-thumpers and beatific bhakts.

But are religion and science really incompatible? While it is said that science provides answers and religion offers comfort (and generates no small degree of strife), at the highest and purest level, both search for answers to similar questions about creation and existence. It is no accident that it was a Belgian Catholic priest-physicist, Georges Lemaitre, who first proposed what later became known as the Big Bangtheory, deducing from Einsteins work and the recession of nearby galaxies that the universe is expanding, and that it may have begun at a single point a primeval atom.

India seems particularly well-equipped to reconcile science and religion. Its principle faith and its canonical texts such as Rig Veda deal with cosmic issues such as the origin of the universe and the nature of god. Others emphasise values such as conservation and progression, even evolution. Even elements of nature agni, prithvi, akash were deified long before missiles were named after them. Small wonder many of Government of Indias scientific advisers are transparently and comfortably religious. We are the only country that conducts pujas ahead of rocket launches ostensibly to propitiate the space gods.

By some accounts, Clarkes finest work is said to be Rendezvous With Rama, where Rama is the name of an alien starship, an interstellar visitor to the solar system. One never discovers the purpose of Ramas journey in Rendezvous before it leaves. Which is probably why people often prefer the comfort that religion offers to answers that science strives to provide because the answers may not always be immediately comprehensible. There may even be no answers. For instance, what if, as the Tibetan lamas told the programmers, the answer to the question, Why are we here? is, For no particular reason just to list out all the names of god, and after that we will soon be gone in one instant.

Which brings us to the finale of Clarkes masterpiece. As the two American programmers depart the Tibetan monastery on ponies, they pause on the mountain path on their way to the airfield, where a plane is waiting to take them back home. Under a clear night sky they estimate that it must be just about the time the computer is printing out the last of the nine billion names of god. They look up to the sky Overhead, without any fuss, the stars were going out.

DISCLAIMER : Views expressed above are the author's own.

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Rendezvous with Rama: India can comfortably straddle the crossroads of science and religion - The Times of India Blog

IS THIS THE BEGINNING OF THE END? – Oherald

11 Aug 2020 | 04:27am IST

Mariano H Correia

If you read and ponder minutely the various happenings occurring in this chaotic and disorganised world, one cannot deny that it could be a bad omen to humanity. Most precisely now in the 21st century many distasteful events are on the rise. There is no justice and peace amongst Nations, one sees the other as its foe and as such it looks like the world is heading for a massive catastrophe.

In the newspaper it is routine to read more unpalatable news then otherwise. News of floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrorism, rapes and murders corruption at higher levels, cases of dacoity and terrible accidents both in the air and on land engulfs the whole newspaper. There is no space for good news as there exists none. Humankind is more prone to fast buck making by hook or by crook, come what may. Man has forgotten the idea of God and for most of them money and power are their Gods in this materialistic world.

Spirituality has taken a back seat and has been replaced by apostasy, debauchery, promiscuity, and sexual immorality. Atheism has prevailed over theism. The pandemic of COVID-19 that we are presently facing is the price we have to pay for our actions and wrongdoings. We know that the Almighty is just, all loving, merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and prompt to forgive and forget. This pandemic of COVID-19 which originated at Wuhan in China is giving sleepless nights to one and all, to the elite and the poor alike around the globe. The whole world so to say is waging a war on this invisible, tiniest of the tiny nano particle sized virus called the Novel Corona Virus 2019 as it started showing its ugly head in the fag end of December 2019.Millions and millions of people are affected and infected throughout the world and lakhs of people have succumbed to it. Its transmission is at a lightning speed.

The medical fraternity and research scientists the world over are burning midnight oil to come out with an effective vaccine to curb the same. It is still many more months away from being tried on humans, so as to ascertain its preventive effects on the deleterious symptoms and morbidity in acute and critical cases. You may say I am a pessimist, which I am. Some may agree, some may not.

Instead of worshipping, praising and thanking God, we adore mammon (money) and worldly power as our gods. Our God being a just, loving, merciful and compassionate one, at the same time a jealous God who does not want or tolerate other idol gods before him. That is why I say God has sent this scourge of this pandemic of COVID-19 to make his creation (mankind) aware of the apostasy that has been committed by man. God has lot of patience and is expecting to see how long will man keep aloof from Him, when He is waiting anxiously with open arms to embrace him. Likewise, the beginning of the universe God had warned humanity of the various possible catastrophes that would happen if His people desert Him, and go after other gods who are just idols having eyes, but cant see, having ears, but cant hear and having mouths but cant speak.

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IS THIS THE BEGINNING OF THE END? - Oherald

Adin Steinsaltz, 83, Dies; Created Epic Translation of Talmud – The New York Times

Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, a towering scholar of the bedrock Jewish texts who spent four and a half decades writing a 45-volume translation of the Babylonian Talmud and made it accessible to hundreds of thousands of readers, died on Friday in Jerusalem. He was 83.

Shaarei Zedek Medical Center confirmed his death. A publicist for the Steinsaltz Center for Jewish Knowledge said he had had acute pneumonia.

For centuries, the study of Talmud in 2,711 double-sided pages, the record of rabbinical debates on the laws and ethics of Judaism heard in the academies of Babylonia (modern-day Iraq) between A.D. 200 and 500 was confined mostly to yeshivas. There, students, young and old, hunched over dog-eared volumes of Talmud, sometimes without teachers, would teach one another the meanings of what they were reading, largely in Aramaic, and argue the implications.

Rabbi Steinsaltzs achievement was to take the Talmud out of this relatively exclusive sphere and, with a Hebrew translation, allow ordinary Jews, taking the Long Island Rail Road to work or gathering in a cafe in Tel Aviv, to study those texts on their own. The Hebrew edition has been translated by publishers into English, French, Russian and Spanish.

Rabbi Steinsaltz, a rumpled, bespectacled figure with an unruly white beard, completed the entire Talmud in 2010, often working 16 hours a day.

He brought the Talmud into the 20th century, said Samuel Heilman, distinguished professor of sociology at Queens College specializing in Orthodox Judaism.

Rabbi Steinsaltz embarked on his lifes great work in 1965, when he was 27. His translation encompassed the ancient commentaries along the margins in the Talmud, written by revered figures like the medieval scholar Rashi.

He also provided his own commentaries on the often labyrinthine text, added biographies of the various rabbinical commentators and offered explanations of Talmudic concepts. His work, he said, was intended to accommodate even beginners with the lowest level of knowledge.

My idea was that Im trying to substitute a book for a living teacher, he said in a 2005 interview with The New York Times.

President Reuven Rivlin of Israel called Rabbi Steinsaltz a modern-day Rashi and a man of great spiritual courage, deep knowledge and profound thought who brought the Talmud to Am Yisrael the Jewish people in clear and accessible Hebrew and English.

Random House, its American publisher, translated and published 22 English volumes then stopped. Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd. has since 2009 been publishing the Steinsaltz English translations and completed the entire 45-volume set.

The Steinsaltz edition of the Talmud was not the first English translation. Soncino Press, a venerable British firm, completed a 30-volume translation in 1952, but it did not have the line-by-line commentary that can sustain self-study.

In 2005, Art Scroll/Mesorah Publications of Brooklyn brought out a 73-volume edition that has become the most popular version for many Orthodox Jews, and for tens of thousands of others who participate in Daf Yomi, the seven-and-a-half-year challenge to complete a study of the entire Talmud by analyzing a page a day.

Rabbi Steinsaltz was a disciple of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who died in 1994, and his Chabad-Lubavitch school of Judaism, which embraces nonobservant Jews and proselytizes among them. That sometimes put Rabbi Steinsaltz at odds with more hard-line Orthodox rabbis, including prominent ones, who treated him as a heretic and told their followers to spurn his works.

Rabbi Steinsaltz, a prolific and wide-ranging writer and a sharp observer of humanity, wrote more than 60 books on philosophy, mysticism, theology and even zoology. His study of kabbalah, The Thirteen Petalled Rose, is considered a classic and has been translated into eight languages.

He also translated the Jerusalem Talmud, the less comprehensive and less studied record of legal debates by rabbis in Jerusalem between A.D. 350 and 400 A.D.

Invited to impart some spiritual guidance to the staff of a magazine, The Jerusalem Report, in the early 1990s, Rabbi Steinsaltz gave lessons on lashon hara, the Jewish injunction against speaking evil. He taught that while most parts of the human body had their limits arms could carry only so much weight, legs could run only so fast the tongue could do infinite harm and therefore was set in a cagelike jaw as a reminder to guard it.

Surprisingly, he was raised in a secular household and was drawn to observant Judaism only as a teenager, when he studied with a Lubavitch rabbi.

By nature I am a skeptical person, he said in an interview with The Times a decade ago, and people with a lot of skepticism start to question atheism.

Rabbi Steinsaltz who adopted the additional surname Even-Israel (Rock of Israel) at Rabbi Schneersons urging that he take a Hebrew name was born on July 11, 1937, in Jerusalem in what was then the British mandate of Palestine. His parents, Avraham and Leah (Krokovitz) Steinsaltz, were active in a socialist group, and his father went to Spain in 1936 to help defend the leftist Republican government against Nationalist rebels led by Gen. Francisco Franco.

He attended Hebrew University, where he studied chemistry, mathematics and physics, while also undergoing rabbinical studies at a yeshiva in the Israeli city of Lod. At age 24 he became a school principal; he went on to found several experimental schools.

He lived most of his life with his family in Jerusalem, although his travels took him in one instance to the Vatican, where he had a private audience with Pope Francis in 2016. He is survived by his wife, Sarah; his sons Menachem and Amechaye; a daughter, Esther Sheleg; and 18 grandchildren.

In 1965, Rabbi Steinsaltz founded the Israel Institute for Talmudic Publications and began his monumental work of interpreting the Talmud for the masses. Since he was running schools at the time, he called the Talmud translation his hobby, but it became his crowning achievement. He told the Israeli daily newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth in 2009 that he hadnt fully considered the immensity of the work that would be required.

Sometimes when a person knows too much, it causes him to do nothing, he said. It seems its better sometimes for a man, as for humanity, not to know too much about the difficulties and believe more in the possibilities.

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Adin Steinsaltz, 83, Dies; Created Epic Translation of Talmud - The New York Times