Monthly Archives: June 2022

MCU Boss Teases Thor’s Next Evolution In Future Projects – The Direct

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Thor: Love and Thunder is the fourth solo movie forChris Hemsworth's titular Asgardian, marking the first time that an MCU hero has received such an achievement. As a result, fans are wondering if the upcoming sequel is the last time they will see the God of Thunder in the MCU. The arrival of Natalie Portman's Mighty Thor could potentiallyspell concern among viewers on that front, mainly because the franchise now has two Thors in the mix.

Despite that, Marvel Studios head Kevin Feige shared that they are"excited"about Hemsworth's MCU future, saying that he can't wait to witness "how hekeeps evolving this complex character."Love and Thunder director Taika Waititi, who reinvigorated the Thor franchise in Ragnarok, previously addressed if he will return in a potential fifth film,admittingthat he hasn't even thought of that, considering how difficult they are to make.

Now, another comment about Thor's future has emerged, teasing that more stories will arrive.

DuringThor: Love and Thunder's virtual press conference, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige addressed Thor's future after the MCU sequel.

When asked what he envisions for Thor after his battle with Gorr in Love and Thunder, Feige pointed out that Marvel Comics could hold the key to mapping what's next for theGod of Thunder:

Well, there are these things called comic books that have a lot of stories in them, and thats where all of our stories come from. And the question is, Have you told all the great Thor stories from the comics in movies? Uh, the answer is no. There are lots of them."

The Marvel boss then teased that Thor has "plenty of other incarnations" in the comics that could be used as inspiration for the character's future:

"Ive always said our interest in making additional stories is somewhat about continuing the character. [However], its almost entirely about continuing the experience with the actor... I think of all of our cast, not as their individual characters, but as the Marvel players who within that character can grow and evolve and change. And if we look at the comics as our guide, there are plenty of other incarnations of Thor that we've yet to see.

Meanwhile, a reporter askedThor star Chris Hemsworth if he still had the same feeling playing the character when he first started. While saying that "there's obviously a familiarity,"the MCU veteran revealed that the fact that the character "changed so dramatically over the years" helped him to have fun during his portrayal:

"Yeah, there's obviously a familiarity, the obvious points. But he has changed so dramatically over the years as I have, and that's what's been half the fun. As the character's evolved, I've had different opinions, and we've sort of melded and crossed paths, and so on. The origin story is, I think, is not the easiest, but it's the most obvious one. And there's a set of rules and guidelines I feel like you sort of have to stick to, and it's familiar and it works, and it's relatable to people. After that is the challenge: How do you recreate the character, what can you do different each time? And the luxury has been working with different directors, different cast, and they all bring out something very different in you. As Taika said, I feel like the character has probably become more me, I hope in a fun way."

A previous rumor revealed that Love and Thunder is not the last time that fans will see Chris Hemsworth's Marvel hero.

Kevin Feige's latest comments clearly indicate that the MCU is not yet done with Thor. Mighty Thor's debut in Love and Thunder could serve as a sign of things to come for the franchise, as future installments could explore other versions while also drastically changing Chris Hemsworth's Marvel hero.

Director Taika Waititi already revealed that he doesn't think that Mighty Thor will replace Thor, saying that he's "not privy to any plans Marvel has for the future, but [he doesn't]think thats the case.The same thing could ultimately happen if other versions of Thor arrive in the future.

It's possible that the long-awaited live-action debut for Beta Ray Bill could happen after Love and Thunder.The character, who was first teased during Thor: Ragnarok as an Easter egg, has long been on the fans' radar and Marvel rumor mills. Thehorse-headed Korbonite alien's fan-favorite status mighteventually lead to an MCU appearance.

Meanwhile, there are other Variants of Thor in Marvel Comics that could be considered in the franchise's future. From Old King Thor to a Thor who's a herald of Galactus -the possibilities are endless for the Avenger.

Although Hemsworth expressed concern that fan enthusiasm for his character may be "waning,"the potential of seeing more versions of his portrayal of Thor combined with his willingness to return is clearly apositive sign of things to come.

Thor: Love and Thunder is set to premiere in theaters on July 8.

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MCU Boss Teases Thor's Next Evolution In Future Projects - The Direct

Untangling the Milky Way’s evolution through big-data astronomy – Space.com

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Untangling the evolution of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, is a challenge similar to mapping the human genome, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA's galaxy mapper, Gaia, takes trillions of measurements of 2 billion of the brightest stars in the sky. Here, we look at what it takes to unpick those measurements to reveal the galaxy's secrets.

On June 13, the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC), a collaboration of 450 European astronomers and engineers supporting the galaxy-mapping endeavor, released what DPAC chair Anthony Brown described as "the richest set of astronomical data ever published."

To create the 10-terabyte catalog of compressed data, DPAC computers had to ingest 940 billion observations of 2 billion of the brightest light sources in the sky, Brown, an astronomer at Leiden University in the Netherlands, said at an ESA news conference on June 13.

Related: New trove of Gaia data will uncloak the Milky Way's dark past and future

The data, captured by Gaia between June 2014 and June 2017, contained information about 1.5 billion stars' precise positions and motions in the sky; details about the ages, temperatures and brightness levels of about half a billion of those stars; and detailed chemical compositions of several million of them.

It took five years for the data to pass through the sophisticated computational pipeline of validation, calibration and analysis procedures, which involve six supercomputing centers in six European countries. It would take a thousand years for a single (and rather powerful) personal computer to process the data set, Gonzalo Gracia, DPAC project coordinator for data processing, told Space.com.

As of 2022, the main Gaia database contains 1 petabyte of data, Gracia added, which is equivalent to the data capacity of 200,000 DVDs. To date, the telescope has made over 100 measurements of every single one of the 2 billion light sources it sees.

"Every day, Gaia sends us between 20 and 100 gigabytes of data," Gracia said. "That might not seem like that much if you compare it to the bandwidth you have at home, but we are talking about a satellite that is 1.5 million kilometers [930,000 miles] away from Earth."

From Gaia's vantage point at Lagrange Point 2, a stable point in the sun-Earth system where the gravitational pulls of the two bodies are in balance, the spacecraft observes the cosmos while shielded from the sun's glare.

Three ESA deep-space antennas (one each near Madrid; Malarge, Argentina; and New Norcia, Australia) receive the data collected by the space probe's two telescopes and other instruments. From those ground stations, the measurements travel on conventional internet lines to the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany, for basic checks, before the data are sent to the agency's Science Operations Center in Madrid.

"This is when we do the first round of processing," Gracia said. "We do some initial calibrations and run the data through a piece of software to assess the health of the satellite. This happens in the first hours after the data is received."

Then, things start to get complicated. A data-processing center at CNES, the French space agency, in Toulouse scans the data set for fast-moving objects in the solar system: asteroids and comets that might be on a collision course with Earth.

"They have a pipeline, which detects those objects and checks whether they are already known," Gracia said. "If they are not known, they raise an alarm with the solar system objects community in the world, who can do the follow-up observation and find what the object is about and what is its trajectory."

Gaia is quite efficient in monitoring asteroids and might even be able to see some that are not visible from Earth. The mission's June 13 data release contained information about detailed trajectories of 60,000 solar system space rocks. On top of that, Gaia measured light spectra of these space rocks, revealing their chemical compositions. Previously, astronomers knew detailed chemical compositions of only 4,500 asteroids.

Separately, a team in Cambridge, England, compares new brightness measurements delivered by Gaia with data acquired earlier. Significant changes in brightness levels of stars are always a reason for excitement, as they might indicate supernovas, explosions that occur when massive stars die before collapsing into black holes or neutron stars.

Sometimes, dim distant stars and galaxies can temporarily lighten up through microlensing, an odd phenomenon that happens when an extremely massive object comes between the dim star and the observer, its powerful light-bending gravity acting as a magnifying glass. Gaia, which completes a scan of the entire sky every two months, sees all that.

In the meantime, the rest of the consortium conducts what Gracia calls "cyclic processing": endless rounds of redigesting, validating and analyzing the data to extract the most accurate information that astronomers can use to create precise maps of the Milky Way galaxy and model its life into the past and future. Several thousand servers running tens of thousands of core processors are involved in the operation.

"We have to process the data several times," Gracia said. "We process it, we give it to the scientists for checks, and then we have to tune our calibrations, our algorithms; we have to improve them every time."

The data sets are also dependent on each other. For example, without information about precise positions of the observed objects, the data on brightness changes or movements of asteroids would be worthless.

"We essentially have the information about the amount of photons hitting the Gaia telescopes, and from their position in the window, we derive the positions in the sky," Gracia said. "This is done in Barcelona, where we produce this astrometric information for all the sources in the sky. This is the input for basically all the other processing that we do. It takes a lot of time to do all that and to do it with a sufficient amount of data to ensure that the data is really of the best quality."

This amount of processing is the reason behind the delay between the acquisition of the data and its release. Gaia launched in December 2013, but the astronomical community didn't get their hands on the first batch of data until September 2016. The second data release followed in April 2018. The June 13 data dump was preceded by a partial early release in December 2020. Each new catalog increases the precision of the data as well as the amount of available information about each of the 2 billion light sources the telescope sees. Although the mission is already in its ninth year, there is no stopping for the 450 researchers and engineers at DPAC.

While the world's Milky Way researchers are unpacking the gifts of the June 13 data release, looking for evidence of the galaxy's dynamic life, Gracia and his colleagues are already busy working on the next data dump, which promises, among other things, to unleash Gaia's potential to spot planets around faraway stars. Thousands of new finds are expected to enrich the existing exoplanet catalog as the DPAC researchers train their algorithms to spot the characteristic mild dimming of a star caused by a planet crossing in front of its disk.

"We started processing data for the fourth cycle two years ago and are already planning the fifth cycle," Gracia said. "It's really nonstop."

Follow Tereza Pultarova on Twitter @TerezaPultarova. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Untangling the Milky Way's evolution through big-data astronomy - Space.com

Theories on socio-political evolution put to the test – EurekAlert

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image:Apparent stasis interspersed by periods of rapid change, associated with major technological revolutions, triggered by novel military technologies. The longest period of no systematic change was during the nearly two millennia between the Iron/Cavalry Revolution and the Gunpowder Revolution. Although empires rose and fell during this period, the maximum areas of empires fluctuated around the 3 million square kilometer level. [Brown curve: average territory of the three largest polities. Tan shading: mean SD (note the logarithmic scale of the Y-axis)] view more

Credit: Seshat: Global History Database

[Vienna, June 2022] During the past 10,000 years the Holocene human societies became larger and ever more complex. An international team of scientists led by Peter Turchin from the Complexity Science Hub Vienna (CSH) set out to test various theories on what drove this process. According to its analyses of data from Seshat: Global History Databank, the best explanation for the evolution of socio-cultural complexity is a combination of increasing agricultural productivity and the invention, or adoption, of military technologies (most notably, the invention of iron weapons and cavalry in the first millennium BCE). The study just appeared in the journal Science Advances.

Many theories need to be tested

Countless explanations have been offered over the years to explain the incredible Holocene transformation, Peter Turchin points out. Some theorists, like Jared Diamond, say that the transition to agriculture was both the necessary and sufficient condition for the rise of complex societies. Other theories focus on conflict theories, class struggle, the threat from external warfare or functionalist explanations, e.g., that complex social organization evolved to solve certain problems faced by societies.

All these theories could cite historical examples seemingly supporting their putative mechanisms; but none have ever proven decisively more convincing than the others, says Turchin, who leads a team investigating Social Complexity and Collapse at the CSH. Along with fellow members of the Seshat: Global History Databank project, he applied the tried-and-true scientific method: determine what each body of theory proposes as the key factors driving the rise of complexity and see which one best explains the available empirical evidence. The results reveal that many long-standing and influential theories receive little support from data.

Plough and sword drive human history

The best explanation for the observed patterns offers the framework of cultural evolution. Essentially, the conflict between groups over territory and resources put a tremendous selective pressure on societies, Turchin explains. It favored societies that were ever larger, more populous, could store more information and communicate effectively at greater distances and were capable of mobilizing larger numbers of people for common projects like defense and maintaining public infrastructure. While previous theories contained some of these elements, for the first time a single, coherent framework has been provided and demonstrated with the historical record, says Turchin.

The scholars also identified several major transformations during the Holocene: Following the invention of key technologies like bronze and later iron smelting or cavalry warfare and associated tactics, the scale of the largest societies rose dramatically before levelling off to a relatively stable size. New innovations and cultural adaptations continued to build until another breakthrough was achieved, propelling societies to new heights before stabilizing again, while the whole process began anew.

Big Data reveal decisive patterns

This paper is the culmination of more than a decade of intensive collaboration, says Harvey Whitehouse, corresponding author on the paper and one of the founding directors of Seshat. Our study utilized more than a hundred variables meticulously coded relating to 373 societies that flourished between 9600 BCE and 1900 CE. With the help of such big data we are able to place theories of world history head-to-head and see which ones win.

The scientists view this study as a breakthrough in the understanding of how human societies have evolved since the very first farmers settled down thousands of years ago. In the future, the team will adopt similar methods to test the diverse group of ideas that have been proposed in other areas of research, such as the causes of societal collapse or the role of religious ideology in cultural evolution.

The ultimate goal, as Turchin puts it, is to put those influential ideas that do not bear out against the empirical record to bed, once and for all.

# # # # #

About the CSH

The mission of Complexity Science Hub Vienna is to host, educate, and inspire complex systems scientists dedicated to making sense of Big Data to boost science and society. Scientists at the Hub develop methods for the scientific, quantitative, and predictive understanding of complex systems.

The CSH is a joint initiative of AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Central European University CEU, Danube University Krems, Graz University of Technology, IIASA, Medical University of Vienna, TU Wien, VetMedUni Vienna, Vienna University of Economics and Business, and Austrian Economic Chambers (WKO). https://www.csh.ac.at

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Disentangling the Evolutionary Drivers of Social Complexity in Human History: a Comprehensive Test of Hypotheses

24-Jun-2022

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Theories on socio-political evolution put to the test - EurekAlert

Will COVID evolve to cause less severe disease? Why we can’t assume the answer is yes – Danbury News Times

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When scientists find a new disease-causing virus in humans, the first question they want answered is: Can this thing spread easily from person to person? And if not, will it someday?

Avian influenza can infect humans, but its not very good at passing from one person to another. Same with the coronavirus that causes MERS, another severe respiratory illness. Though hundreds of cases of both have been reported over the past two decades, neither virus seems inclined to evolve toward efficient person-to-person transmission.

In less than three years, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 has mastered it.

SARS-CoV-2 has accumulated a suite of mutations over an astonishingly short period of time that have made it now one of the most infectious human pathogens on the planet. And for the first time ever, scientists have the tools and the knowledge to closely track that evolution in near-real time, studying the small but mighty genomic mutations that have transformed the virus to the point where it hardly resembles the strain that began infecting humans in China in late 2019.

Mapping the evolution of this virus has fed academically curious minds in every nation, and its had real world implications too. Identifying and describing new variants has helped guide public health responses and is now informing the next generation of vaccines and drug therapies.

The coronavirus rapid evolution also is helping scientists anticipate the future of the pandemic, and what mutations may make it a less or more formidable foe in years to come.

This is the first time in human history that weve been able to witness a global pandemic at the genomic, evolutionary level, said Joe DeRisi, president of San Franciscos Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, which has done genomic sequencing on the virus since the start of the pandemic.

Whats been especially fascinating, and at times alarming, is the speed of this virus evolution. That SARS-CoV-2 would mutate to better adapt to humans was always anticipated, but the pace of that adaptation has been breathtaking.

Scientists say thats in large part due to the scale of the pandemic more than half a billion infections worldwide have afforded the virus near-boundless opportunity to mutate. But its a matter of timing, too. As a human virus, SARS-CoV-2 is still in its infancy, developing rapidly to flourish in its new environment. Meanwhile, human immunity to the virus due to infection and vaccination has become increasingly complex, applying constant pressure to further evolve.

Its normal to see this kind of evolution this constant battle between human and pathogen, said Fenyong Liu, an infectious disease expert at UC Berkeleys School of Public Health. Each of us is focused on survival. We develop a better system to beat them, and theyre going to mutate and try to escape. It happens with all infectious diseases, but for COVID, the whole process really sped up because of the scale of it.

Predicting how evolution will shape the next iterations of this virus is tricky, and scientists lack the technology to do it with any precision. How the virus has mutated over the past two and a half years provides some clues: Scientists have identified dozens of specific mutations mostly associated with increasing infectiousness that have recurred in multiple variants. Those mutations likely will keep showing up, re-sorting themselves in different combinations that give the virus further survival advantages. Some of the mutations could become permanently embedded in the virus genetic code. A few already have.

Recently, the virus has mutated to evade hard-won human immunity, and most experts in virology believe it will continue down that evolutionary path. It could also acquire new mutations that make it more infectious, though its already become so efficient at spreading among humans that its hard to imagine how much more gains it can make there, some scientists say.

The most critical question and possibly the toughest to answer is whether the virus will evolve to cause more or less severe disease in humans. Many experts believe that viruses tend to become more benign over time one of the current coronaviruses that now causes the common cold may have been the source of a deadly pandemic in the late 1800s but thats not a sure thing, and no one can say how long such evolution may take. Omicron and its subvariants are causing milder disease than their predecessors, but it would be nave to assume a future variant couldnt arrive with mutations that make it fiercer once again, experts say.

Social distancing circles at Dolores Park on Saturday, May 23, 2020, in San Francisco. The 10-foot circles, which were eight feet apart from each other, were an effort to curb coronavirus spread.

Hopefully it will adapt and become a very mild seasonal disease, and our immune systems will adapt, too, Liu said. But in reality, the virus has unlimited capability to adapt and mutate.

Scientists began tracking the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 almost immediately after the virus was isolated and identified in early January 2020. Once the first genomic sequence was complete and had been shared on a public database, infectious disease experts around the world started hunting for mutations, largely to keep tabs on how the virus was spreading.

Most people by now are familiar with the role mutations play in giving the virus certain advantages. But most mutations dont actually have an obvious effect on the virus, theyre simply glitches in the code. Those mutations can serve as evolutionary breadcrumbs, though, allowing scientists to follow the virus trail as it travels widely around the globe. And throughout the pandemic, public health experts have used mutations to identify and control clusters of infections.

Still, scientists are most invested in tracking consequential mutations that may alter the public health response. For example, arrival of the incredibly infectious omicron led many officials to recommend people start wearing higher quality masks, and eventually triggered another universal mask mandate in California to help curb the spread.

The most influential mutations mostly have been identified in the spike protein, the section of the virus that projects out of the surface and latches onto the ACE2 receptor, a protein on the exterior of human cells through which SARS-CoV-2 gains entry.

The first significant mutation known as D614G and nicknamed Doug arrived sometime in spring 2020; it basically made the ACE2 receptor more accessible. It was like putting a wedge in the door to keep it open, said Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences.

That mutation granted the virus an early boost in infectiousness, and it has stuck around in every important variant since. Identifying a mutation of that significance was surprising, and exciting, Bennett said. It was the kind of early evolutionary shift that scientists have never been able to capture before. With earlier viruses HIV, for example by the time scientists identified and were able to study them closely enough to look for mutations, they were already well established in humans and had likely gone through years of vigorous adaptations.

After D614G, the virus quickly accumulated mutations that mostly improved its ability to transmit and infect. Scientists havent yet determined exactly what all those changes are doing, at the biological level, to increase infectiousness. Some may allow the virus to replicate faster in the nose or bind more tightly to the ACE2 receptor, making it harder for the immune system to shake off an early infection. Mutations could also make the virus more durable, for instance able to survive for longer periods in the air.

By the end of 2020, it was becoming apparent that the virus was evolving quickly in an environment of widespread transmission. Troubling new variants were emerging at regular intervals, each causing new waves of infection in the country in which they emerged and sometimes on a global scale. And each new variant seemed to be at least somewhat more infectious than the one preceding it. Alpha, which dominated in the U.S. in early 2021, was perhaps 50% more infectious than the original virus, and delta, which fueled the summer 2021 surge, was perhaps 90% more infectious than alpha.

Omicron, which carried dozens of new mutations, was again more infectious up to fivefold over delta. And each of its subvariants has been more infectious still. The currently circulating strains, all offspring of omicron, are nearly as infectious as measles, which is the most contagious of all known human infections.

Scientists say the virus may have hit peak infectiousness, or close to it. Now, its evolving to get around the immune response, and that trend likely will continue. Early studies show that the two up-and-coming variants in the U.S. BA.4 and BA.5, which currently make up roughly a third of cases are the most immune evasive so far; people who are vaccinated or have already been infected, or both, may still be vulnerable.

I think theres a max in terms of how transmissible it can be, said Nadia Roan, an investigator at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco who studies immunology. Now almost the entire world has some form of immunity, whether from infection or vaccination or both, and thats the big pressure. A virus that is able to take off right now has to be immune evasive.

Immune evasion is such a concern that many experts believe the world needs to focus resources on developing next-generation vaccines that will target parts of the virus less prone to mutations. Manufacturers of the two main U.S. vaccines Pfizer and Moderna are working to update their products to better match the currently circulating variants, but thats difficult to do when the dominant variant changes every few months.

Ideally, scientists would develop a vaccine that neutralizes the virus preventing it from ever taking hold and stopping transmission entirely and doesnt fade over time. The latter may not be possible, though. It doesnt seem that this coronavirus will be inducing the same immunity that polio and measles induces that lasts for your entire life, said Raul Andino, a UCSF virologist.

Eventually, the pace of evolution in SARS-CoV-2 may slow down, or at least produce fewer consequential mutations that cause fresh surges several times a year. But its tough to guess when that will happen.

Virus evolution is relentless. The virus never takes a rest, never takes a break, and it never stops mutating, DeRisi said. The truce may come when we figure out what kind of yearly boosters we need, or what vaccination works.

We want to get the virus to where it just doesnt matter anymore, he said. Were not there yet. But theres reason to be optimistic, and also reason to be cautious and not let our guard down.

Erin Allday is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: eallday@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @erinallday

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Will COVID evolve to cause less severe disease? Why we can't assume the answer is yes - Danbury News Times

A timely evolution for the ethanol industry – Biofuels International Magazine

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The middle of a pandemic would not be most peoples ideal time to join a new company, especially one working with ethanol producers in the middle of a fuel and climate crisis. Yet it is often in such challenging times that the most exciting and ingenious solutions are conceived.My arrival at Whitefox as head of global sales in June 2021 was the latest step in a career evolution that had begun in the speciality chemicals business, then progressed to the capital equipment business for a fuel pump manufacturer, and finally a spell in the filtration industry. In Whitefox I had found a company steeped in innovation and enjoying its own evolution, with a solution for separating mixtures in a way that reduced water and energy consumption, thus increasing profitability and minimising carbon emissions. It was a solution very much for these times, but with oil prices plummeting, nearly all new projects in the ethanol industry stopped. In such circumstances a company, and more importantly its people, can either be constrained and go into their shell, or come out determined to demonstrate their adaptability and innovative flair.The Whitefox team, based in London, Calgary, Chicago and now Omaha, rose to the challenge wonderfully and created a new and unique solution.The problem with ethanolThe amount of energy used for separating chemicals is a staggering 1015% of the world's total energy consumption1. Our quest at Whitefox is to provide modern, efficient solutions to achieve this task without that enormous energy deficit.The benefit to our customers is twofold: more efficient production equals less cost and more profit; it also reduces environmental impact in the form of steam and greenhouse gas emissions and water waste, which helps them to meet their net-zero targets. We arrived at our solution by taking the time afforded by the pandemic to get closer to customers like Kansas Ethanol. We learned from them about the rapidly evolving changes they were facing in the market and listened to what they were trying to achieve. It was important not to be prescriptive, rushing to find a fixed, premeditated solution, but to pay attention and let the solution fit the problem. Once the need was well understood, we applied 20 years of chemical and engineering experience to design, create and implement a unique membrane solution that enabled Kansas Ethanol to simultaneously produce an ultra-dry and ultra-pure USP grade ethanol with low congener levels, and a fuel grade ethanol with increased capacity and increased energy savings. The facility can now manufacture both products without the fuel grade product being an accidental byproduct of an inefficiency in the USP grade production process.A natural solutionIt was a solution born from observing nature. The way nature separates mixtures is through low energy, continuous filtering of molecules, not high-pressure swing absorption that separates by the application of brute force, which unfortunately is the energy guzzling technology used in the majority of industrial applications today. By advancing our membrane chemistry, we created a more efficient and robust separation process that gets closer to nature. Our engineering capabilities are also evolving to develop unrivalled ways of conserving energy in industrial processes and thus enabling our customers to strive for net zero objectives. It is this marriage of competencies that is allowing our ethanol customers and customers in adjacent industries, such as sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), to evolve with us and ultimately produce more with less waste of natural and valuable resources. Flexibility and sustainabilityNot only are there obvious operational and process benefits in our solution, but the ability to manufacture ethanol grades according to demand and not accident is providing Kansas Ethanol with the flexibility and adaptability to address changes in the market. Furthermore, this flexibility enables Kansas Ethanol to position itself ready to address further changes that may occur and be able to serve multiple customers with exacting specifications. In our small way, we are enabling our customers to evolve and adapt, and the reduced operational and ongoing cost benefit is more vital in this ever-changing world than it has even been. A visiting CEO of a leading ethanol provider, who visited the Kansas Ethanol site, remarked that our commissioning of this plant was an example of world class engineering.ICE XL the latest evolutionAt the Innovation Forum at the COP26 conference in Glasgow, Scotland, we were able to meet senior executives from multiple industries and the word on all their lips was decarbonisation. The cynics amongst us have heard enough buzzwords over the decades to be cautious, but post COP26 this same message is translating to real action and activity on the part of our customers.We are delighted to be working with Western Plains, an innovative producer which is working with various energy-efficient technologies with the firm objective of producing ethanol using zero carbon resources. Whitefox ICE-XL membrane technology is playing a pivotal role in this quest.Whitefox ICE-XL enables the separation of ethanol and water mixtures without the need to form azeotropic conditions. By using Whitefox membranes as the sole dehydration solution, not only is Western Plains able to increase capacity by 50-60% by avoiding all the unnecessary debottlenecking processes, but more importantly to reduce energy consumption by approximately half.We are also able to provide an energy recovery solution that will reduce energy consumption to one third of the original level. Evolution of knowledge and experience will undoubtedly see Western Plains go one step further and become a carbon negative producer in future.Sharing our knowledgeIn advance of the forthcoming FEW, and based on our feedback from comments at customer board meetings, conferences and exhibitions, we would like to stimulate thoughts on how we can help producers to lower your Plant CI score. We will describe some advanced energy-saving solutions, focusing on innovative high-efficiency dehydration processes, that will enable plant configuration and optimisation changes, integrated with the benefits of using continuous membrane technology to achieve a more tailored score, commensurate with Capex budgets, whilst also progressing with net zero objectives.After 20 years of marrying the chemistry and engineering knowhow of membrane technology, Whitefoxs evolution is demonstrating our growing relevance in multiple industries that require modern and efficient ways to separate mixtures. Come and talk to us.

Reference:1.Lively, R., Sholl, D. From water to organics in membrane separations. Nature Mater 16, 276279 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4860For more information: This article was written by Tony Short, head of global sales, Whitefox. Visit: whitefox.com

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A timely evolution for the ethanol industry - Biofuels International Magazine

Evolution of music photography captured in new exhibition – The Vinyl Factory

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Published onJune 28, 2022

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Featuring Sade, Billie Holiday, Janis Joplin, David Bowie, Bob Dylan, John Cage, The Rolling Stones, Beastie Boys, and more.

A new exhibition devoted to the evolution of music photography, called Studio to Stage, is opening at Paces NYC gallery this June.

Exploring exchanges across genres, ages, and locations, the exhibition features photography by Peter Hujar, Richard Avedon, Irving Penn, Janette Beckman, Robert Frank and more.

Spanning early jazz, NYC hip hop, British punk, European techno and beyond, Studio to Stage includes photos of Billie Holiday, Janis Joplin, David Bowie, Bob Dylan, Iggy Pop, and Sade.

Ultimately, the exhibition hopes to reveal the ways that photographers have helped cultivate mythologies around performers and their respective scenes.

Studio to Stage will run from the 29th June 19th August at Pace New York.

Head here for more info.

Banner photo:

Janette Beckman, Sade, (color), New York City, 1983 Janette Beckman, courtesy of Fahey/Klein Gallery, Los Angeles and Pace Gallery, New York.

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Evolution of music photography captured in new exhibition - The Vinyl Factory

Tiny nanotech will have a huge impact on agriculture – Food For Mzansi

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Science is about big ideas that change the world. But sometimes, big impacts come from the tiniest of objects like nanotech.

Nanotechnology might sound like science fiction, but it represents technologies that have been developed for decades. Nanotechnological approaches have found real-world applications in a wide range of areas, from composite materials in textiles to agriculture.

Agriculture is one of the oldest human inventions, but nanotech provides modern innovations that could dramatically improve the efficiency of our food supply and reduce the environmental impact of its production.

Farmers are only too familiar with the costs that come with agriculture: Crops require substantial amounts of water, land, and fuel to produce. Fertilisers and pesticides are needed to achieve the necessary high crop yields, but their use comes with environmental side effects, even as many farmers explore how new technologies can reduce their impact.

Nanotechnology is the science of objects that are a few nanometres billionths of a meter across. At this size, objects acquire unique properties. For example, the surface area of a swarm of nanoscale particles is enormous compared to the same mass collected into a single large-scale clump.

Varying the size and other properties of nanoscale objects gives us an unprecedented ability to create precision surfaces with highly customised properties.

Traditionally, applying chemicals involves first mixing the active ingredients in water and then spraying the mixture on crops. But the ingredients do not mix easily, making this an inefficient process that requires large quantities of water.

To improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact, farmers need their fertilisers and pesticides to reach their crops and be absorbed into the plant exactly where theyre needed into the roots or the leaves, for example. Ideally, they could use just enough of the chemical to enhance the crops yield or protect it from attack or infection, which would prevent excess from being wasted.

With the help of tiny nanotech, global agriculture is on the verge of some very big things.

Custom-made nanoscale systems can use precision chemistry to achieve high-efficiency delivery of fertilisers or pesticides. These active ingredients can be encapsulated in a fashion similar to what happens in targeted drug delivery. The encapsulation technique can also be used to increase the amount dissolved in water, reducing the need for large amounts.

Starpharma, a pharmaceutical company, got into this game a few years ago, when it set up a division to apply its nanotechnological innovations to the agriculture sector. The company has since sold its agrochemical business.

Psigryph is another innovative nanotech company in agriculture. Its technology uses biodegradable nanostructures derived from Montmorency sour cherries extract to deliver bioactive molecules across cell membranes in plants, animals, and humans.

My lab has spent years working in nanoscience, and I am proud to see our fundamental understanding of manipulating polymer encapsulation at the nanoscale make its way to applications in agriculture.

A former student, Darren Anderson, is the CEO of Vive Crop Protection, named one of Canadas top growing firms. They take chemical and biological pesticides and suspend them in nanopackets which act as incredibly small polymer shuttles to make them easily reach their target. The ingredients can be controlled and precisely directed when applied to crops.

One bonus of these nanotech developments is that they dont actually require any new equipment whatsoever, which is a tremendous advantage in the financially challenging agricultural industry. Farmers simply mix these products using less water and fuel to make efficiency gains.

Other agricultural uses for nanotech include animal health products, food packaging materials, and nanobiosensors for detecting pathogens, toxins, and heavy metals in soil. It wouldnt be a surprise to see the widespread use of these new applications shortly.

As nanotechnologies take flight, this kind of productivity gain will be critical for farmers and a big deal for the rest of us, as the earths population continues to grow and the effects of climate change become increasingly obvious. Farmers will need to do more with less.

Fortunately, a few billionths of a metre is the very definition of less. With the help of tiny nanotech, global agriculture is on the verge of some very big things.

This article was written by M Cynthia Goh originally published by The Conversation Africa.

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Conductive Ink Industry Insights and Growth Relevancy Mapping by Poly-ink, Novacentix, Creative Material, Parker Chromerics, Applied Nanotech, Pchem…

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Conductive Ink MarketResearch Report is a Professional and In-Depth Study on the Existing State of Conductive Ink Industry. This report focuses on the Major Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Threats for Key Players likePoly-ink, Novacentix, Creative Material, Parker Chromerics, Applied Nanotech, Pchem Associates, etc. It also Provides Granular Analysis of Market Share, Segmentation, Revenue Forecasts, and Regional Analysis till 2028.

Further, the Conductive Ink Market report also covers the development policies and plans, manufacturing processes and cost structures, marketing strategies followed by top players, distributors analysis, marketing channels, potential buyers, and Conductive Ink development history. This report also states import/export, supply, and consumption figures as well as cost, price, revenue and gross margin by region.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Conductive Ink Market

The report also contains the effect of the ongoing worldwide pandemic, i.e., COVID-19, on the Conductive Ink Market and what the future holds for it. It offers an analysis of the impacts of the epidemic on the international market. The epidemic has immediately interrupted the requirement and supply series. The Conductive Ink Market report also assesses the economic effect on firms and monetary markets. Futuristic Reports has accumulated advice from several delegates of this business and has engaged from the secondary and primary research to extend the customers with strategies and data to combat industry struggles throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Aerospace & Defense Companies View Their Business Through Ukraine-Colored Lenses – Forbes

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MARIUPOL, UKRAINE - MAY 22: Metinvest employees work at the Ilyich Iron and Steel Works on May 22, ... [+] 2014 in Mariupol, Ukraine. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)

A report released Tuesday by Deloitte confirms that Russias invasion of Ukraine is causing additional stress on an already weakened global aerospace supply chain, limiting the industrys ability to meet demand. It has likewise forced western aerospace and defense firms to ask hard questions about the suppliers they rely on and the places they source materials and components from.

Supply chain disruption, critical minerals sourcing and resilience have been topics of discussion among A&D companies for years, observes John Coykendall, Deloittes U.S. and global aerospace & defense leader. But the invasion, the report he co-authored concludes, has exposed an industry that may be too dependent on particular countries or regions.

You see it more broadly than just aerospace and defense, Coykendall says. Looking at the energy markets, countries realize they may be dependent on sources that arent as reliable as they used to be.

Vladimir Putin understood the prize that is eastern Ukraine and the rest of the country long ago. That appreciation was not matched by western A&D firms who now daily feel the loss of the over 50% of global aerospace titanium which comes from the Ukraine-Russia region. They also recognize impact of the loss of over 50% of the worlds supply of neon gas, critical to the production of semiconductors they use.

The concentration of rare earth elements, critical minerals in that region is something [industry] hadnt really looked at before, Coykendall affirms.

Indeed, Russias stature as the 14th largest economy by goods exports ($337 billion) is outweighed by its competitive advantage in supplying several crucial commodities. While its control of neon gas represents half the total, it accounts for nearly 90% of neon (used for etching circuits on silicon wafers) consumed by U.S. companies. Russia also supplies other essential A&D materials such as aluminum, nickel, cobalt and vanadium.

The hole in critical minerals supplies and the components that cannot consequently be produced without them has western A&D firms scrambling to better comprehend the web of interconnected supply chains that allow them to provide goods and services. Supply chain risks were rising before Covid-19, Deloittes analysts note, part of the increased volatility that has accompanied globalization and a pace of unexpected geopolitical events that is accelerating.

I think that addition of geopolitical risk drives home the importance of companies understanding multiple layers in the supply chain all the way to the mining and processing of the critical minerals they use, Coykendall says.

Disruption from the Ukrainian conflict and tension in the South China Sea could impact the A&D supply chain in three key ways, Deloitte predicts. The authors point to forced decoupling of critical minerals supply chains from anywhere, any time sourcing to regionally-focused friend-shoring arrangements for minerals and manufacturing output from a group of friendly nations in the West and other global pockets.

A U.S. Marine with Battery I, 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment stands ready to load an M795 High ... [+] Explosive round into an M777 Lightweight 155mm Howitzer.

Each nation contributes to a certain step along the value chain that best fits their capabilities so there is assurance of some supply, Coykendall explains. A recent example of the trend comes from mineral-rich Australia, whose local division of munitions-producer, Thales, ramped up production of 155mm M795 artillery ammunition for the U.S. Army after the Pentagon certified Australian-made TNT for its use in December.

Supply chain disruption from the Ukraine conflict is a factor in whether Western OEMs can meet what the report claims is increasing demand for commercial aircraft and defense.

Ive been doing a lot of traveling, Coykendall says. It sure feels like demand is back with a vengeance. He adds that U.S. data indicates air travel demand now rebounding to 90% of its pre-Covid levels. Despite smaller airline fleets with fewer wide-body aircraft, passenger numbers have increased and international travel has seen a significant bump in the last two months as countries have removed Covid testing requirements (the U.S. recently dropped requirement to covid test before flying into America).

The order books for narrow-body airliners are strong, Coykendall asserts, with concomitant demand for MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) of existing fleets. The ability of companies like Boeing BA and Airbus to meet demand is in question, however. Russias VSMPO-AVISMA supplies Boeing with 35% of its titanium. According to the Wall Street Journal, the company had to suspend manufacturing of narrow-body planes (including the 737 MAX) for 10 days in May owing to titanium-related supply-chain issues.

Demand for defense-aerospace systems is expected to be strong with increased efforts to localize production and sourcing, Deloittes report maintains. That jives with the Senates annual defense policy bill, which the Armed Services Committee advanced Thursday, authorizing $1 billion in funding for the National Defense Stockpile in fiscal 2023 to acquire strategic and critical minerals currently in shortfall.

Congress has also earmarked $600 million for the Biden administration to invoke the Defense Production Act to deal with industrial base constraints for faster missile production and expanded domestic capacity of strategic and critical minerals.

And yet, the Administrations overall defense budget failed to keep pace with inflation. Proposed Air Force and Navy cuts to aircraft and ship fleets, and a 12,000 man reduction in Army end-strength point to military leadership sending a diminishing demand signal. The war in Ukraine may be a factor in what the Pentagon perceives it can do.

Deborah Rosenblum, a Pentagon official performing the duties of assistant secretary of defense for industrial base policy, told Defense News earlier this month, With the invasion of Ukraine, there are certain materials that come out of both Russia and Ukraine that are critical to our munitions [where] the market has become disrupted, and its just not functioning.

Deloittes report places emphasis on demand for defense procurement in Europe in reaction to the Ukraine situation which has prompted many countries to raise their defense budgets. The conflict is driving European/NATO countries appetites for unmanned strike drones, digitally integrated air defense systems and military cybersecurity systems.

I think well see how [defense procurement] that plays out here, Coykendall says. I think where youre going to see more growth is with European and NATO countries which have historically spent less than the 2% of GDP theyre supposed to spend. The result of the war in Ukraine is a level of attention on defense spending that has been absent in many European countries for quite a while.

While attention may amount to bumps in European defense spending, it will take time for funding to flow through the system, Coykendall acknowledges. That could give American vendors and European defense companies time to get their ducks in a row in a constrained supply environment. Most A&D companies are not publicly discussing their efforts to improve resiliency and secure the inputs they need, he says.

I do think companies are going to their suppliers and talking about dedicated [part/material] production lines within a facility to which they commit to buying from in volume. Those types of strategies, of dedicated commitments have been around for a while but the Ukraine [war] has re-energized them.

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Aerospace & Defense Companies View Their Business Through Ukraine-Colored Lenses - Forbes

Leaders in Agriculture and Aerospace Partner to Create Rapid Crop Evaluation for Farmers – PR Web

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GAINESVILLE, Fla. (PRWEB) June 28, 2022

SATLANTIS LLC (SATLANTIS) and Agriculture Intelligence, Inc (AgIntel) announced a collaborative initiative with leading industry experts to combine agriculture intelligence and high resolution satellite monitoring with hopes to enhance current crop evaluation techniques for growers significantly. In late May, SATLANTIS successfully launched a satellite from the Cape Canaveral Force Station on board a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.

To see two of Floridas major industries, aerospace and agriculture, partner to advance the scientific technology for the benefit of our growers, many of whom are struggling to make their bottom line, is significant and exciting, says Karl LaPan, Director of UF Innovate | Accelerate. Both SATLANTIS and Agriculture Intelligence are resident clients at UF Innovate | Accelerate at The Hub, one of the University of Floridas business incubators.

SATLANTIS designs and manufactures very high-resolution earth observation payloads for small satellites, whereas Agriculture Intelligence produces computer vision and artificial intelligence cloud software that provides inventory, health, and nutrient values for specialty crops.SATLANTIS is a global reference for space technology applied to Earth observation; unique in the market for its specific characteristics of agility, spectral resolution, and VHR image quality.

Agriculture Intelligence, Inc. is on a mission to provide the most advanced, proven, and market-ready agricultural solutions that leverage big data, machine vision, automation, and artificial intelligence through its flagship cloud-based platform, AGROVIEW (http://www.agroview.ai).Both companies count on highly-advanced engineering technologies that provide, assemble, assess, or produce highly accurate and refined informatics that diagnose agricultural and environmental signals.

This collaboration demonstrates the multidisciplinary excellence between UF research institutes, said Dr. John Byatt, associate director of UF Innovate | Tech Licensing. Who would have imagined an astrophysicist and an agriculture leader working together to boost economic development for the state of Florida? But that is exactly what they are doing.

The two company leaders made their collaboration official by signing a memorandum of understanding. They have agreed to identify new requirements for remote-sensing capabilities, using high-resolution satellite imagery analysis for cropland and exploring mutually beneficial commercial opportunities with end customers within the agriculture sector in the U.S.

"This collaboration will allow us to accelerate the use cases of the satellite infrastructure that we aim to develop and to focus on the design and manufacturing of optical sensors that fulfill those customers requirements, using the ample benefits of Agroview for leveraging our technology offer to the agriculture market in the U.S.," said Aitor Moriigo, executive vice president of SATLANTIS LLC.

Both companies see a market opportunity in the new synergies of up- and downstream earth-observation segments to generate added value for the agriculture sector, maximizing the business potential of agricultural satellite solutions to answer specific user needs and environmental challenges.Scale remains the major challenge in agriculture. Agroview provides full-field proven products that solve the scale problem with drone- and ground-based sensors, said Matthew Donovan, CEO of Agriculture Intelligence. Satellite images have always lacked the resolution. We think Satlantis advancements will change that. This collaboration could unlock a new level of scale that agricultural stakeholders have been seeking for years.This strategy comes at a time when SATLANTIS LLC has widened its horizons and is ready to offer more satellite-based applications to the customers such as energy, infrastructure monitoring, agriculture, and others.

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Trending Report on Aerospace TVS Market 2022 with high CAGR In Coming Years with Focusing Key players like Infineon, Nexperia, SEMTECH, Vishay …

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Aerospace TVS Market 2022-2026:

The Aerospace TVS market exhibits comprehensive information that is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists during the decade 2016-2026. On the basis of historical data, Aerospace TVS market report provides key segments and their sub-segments, revenue and demand & supply data. Considering technological breakthroughs of the market Aerospace TVS industry is likely to appear as a commendable platform for emerging Aerospace TVS market investors.

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Topmost Leading Manufacturer Covered in this report:Infineon, Nexperia, SEMTECH, Vishay, Littelfuse, BrightKing, Amazing, STMicroelectronics, ON Semiconductor, WAYON, Diodes Inc., Bourns, LAN technology, ANOVA, MDE, TOSHIBA, UN Semiconductor, PROTEK, INPAQ, EIC, SOCAY

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Uni-polar TVSBi-polar TVS

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Military AerospaceCivil Aerospace

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North America(the United States, Canada, and Mexico)Europe(Germany, France, UK, Russia, and Italy)Asia-Pacific(China, Japan, Korea, India, and Southeast Asia)South America(Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)The Middle East and Africa(Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)

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At last, the study gives out details about the major challenges that are going to impact market growth. They also report provides comprehensive details about the business opportunities to key stakeholders to grow their business and raise revenues in the precise verticals. The report will aid the companys existing or intend to join in this market to analyze the various aspects of this domain before investing or expanding their business in the Aerospace TVS markets.

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Trending Report on Aerospace TVS Market 2022 with high CAGR In Coming Years with Focusing Key players like Infineon, Nexperia, SEMTECH, Vishay ...

Aerospace Foam Market Size, Scope and Forecast | BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, Boyd Corporation, Rogers Corporation, Armacell International SA,…

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New Jersey, United States This Aerospace Foam Market research examines the state and future prospects of the Aerospace Foam market from the perspectives of competitors, regions, products, and end Applications/industries. The Worldwide Aerospace Foam market is segmented by product and Application/end industries in this analysis, which also analyses the different players in the global and key regions.

The analysis for the Aerospace Foam market is included in this report in its entirety. The in-depth secondary research, primary interviews, and internal expert reviews went into the Aerospace Foam reports market estimates. These market estimates were taken into account by researching the effects of different social, political, and economic aspects, as well as the present market dynamics, on the growth of the Aerospace Foam market.

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Key Players Mentioned in the Aerospace Foam Market Research Report:

BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, Boyd Corporation, Rogers Corporation, Armacell International S.A., Foampartner, Erg Materials and Aerospace Corp, UFP Technologies, Inc., Zotefoams Plc, General Plastics Manufacturing Company, Solvay SA, Greiner AG, and Pyrotek Inc.

The Porters Five Forces analysis, which explains the five forces: customers bargaining power, distributors bargaining power, the threat of substitute products, and degree of competition in the Aerospace Foam Market, is included in the report along with the market overview, which includes the market dynamics. It describes the different players who make up the market ecosystem, including system integrators, middlemen, and end-users. The competitive environment of the Aerospace Foam marketis another major topic of the report. For enhanced decision-making, the research also provides in-depth details regarding the COVID-19 scenario and its influence on the market.

Aerospace FoamMarket Segmentation:

Aerospace Foam Market, By Application

Aircraft Seats Aircraft Floor Carpets Flight Deck Pads Cabin Walls and Ceilings Overhead Stow Bins Others

Aerospace Foam Market, By Material

PU Foams PE Foams Melamine Foams Metal Foams PMI/Polyimide Foams Others

Aerospace Foam Market, By End-User

Commercial Aircraft Military Aircraft General Aviation

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Aerospace Foam Market Report Scope

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Aerospace Foam Market Size, Scope and Forecast | BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, Boyd Corporation, Rogers Corporation, Armacell International SA,...

Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market Outlook 2022 And Growth By Top KeyPlayers Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, CAE …

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Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market study by Verified Market Reports provides details about the market dynamics affecting the Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices market, Market scope, Market segmentation and overlays shadow upon the leading market players highlighting the favorable competitive landscape and trends prevailing over the years.

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LeadingMilitary Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market Players are as followed:

Global Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market segmentation :

Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market Segment by Type :

Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market Segment by Application :

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Military Aerospace Simulation and Training Devices Market Outlook 2022 And Growth By Top KeyPlayers Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, CAE ...

Commercial Vehicle Group (CVG) Announces Improved Outlook for the Second Half of 2022 and First Win in Aerospace – GlobeNewswire

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NEW ALBANY, Ohio, June 28, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CVG announced today that it has substantially completed the renegotiation of pricing agreements with several large revenue customers.

The new pricing taking effect this week, July 1, is expected to increase run-rate profits by >$30 million and also increase free cash flow accordingly. The second half of 2022 will immediately benefit from an additional >$15 million of increased pricing, which is expected to improve profitability and free cash flow in the second half of the year, with favorable impact beyond 2022 as well.

"It has taken a lot of time and effort to achieve renegotiated agreements that are profitable and sustainable in the post-Covid, supply-constrained environment. We are thankful to our customers and global commercial teams for confronting these issues and fixing them. We have one primary agreement remaining to be renegotiated that does not expire until late 2023. Except for that agreement, we have new profitable agreements with profit-maintenance algorithms for our large revenue customers in place. We have corrected and strengthened the core of our business tremendously," said Harold Bevis, President and CEO of CVG.

"We continue to win new business and have organically won our first electrical harness program in the aerospace industry. This entry into the aerospace industry adds to the company's growing new business program, which has had great success in the global electric vehicle industry."

About CVGAt CVG, we deliver real solutions to complex design, engineering, sourcing, and manufacturing problems across a range of global industries by innovating, adding value, and maintaining very high standards of quality.Information about the Company and its products is available on the internet atwww.cvgrp.com.

Investor ContactChristopher BohnertChief Financial OfficerCVGIR@CVGRP.com

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Aerospace Hose Market Size And Forecast to 2028 |Eaton Corporation, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Ametek, Inc., Airbus Designer Women – Designer Women

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The Global Aerospace Hose MarketReport provides in-depth analysis of emerging trends, market drivers, development opportunities, and market constraints that may have an impact on the market dynamics of the industry. Each market sector is examined in depth in the Market Research Intellect, including goods, applications, and a competitive analysis.

The report was created using three different reconnaissance systems. The first step requires conducting extensive primary and secondary research on a wide range of topics. Approvals, evaluations, and discoveries based on accurate data obtained by industry specialists are the next steps. The research derives an overall estimate of the market size using top-down methodologies. Finally, the research evaluates the market for a number of sections and subparts using information triangulation and market separation techniques.

The primary objective of the report is to educate business owners and assist them in making an astute investment in the market. The study highlights regional and sub-regional insights with corresponding factual and statistical analysis. The report includes first-hand, the latest data, which is obtained from the company website, annual reports, industry-recommended journals, and paid resources. The Aerospace Hose report will facilitate business owners to comprehend the current trend of the market and make profitable decisions.

Market Leaders Profiled:

Report Analysis & Segments:

The Aerospace Hose is segmented as per the type of product, application, and geography. All of the segments of the Aerospace Hose are carefully analyzed based on their market share, CAGR, value and volume growth, and other important factors. We have also provided Porters Five Forces and PESTLE analysis for a deeper study of the Aerospace Hose.The report also constitutes recent development undertaken by key players in the market which includes new product launches, partnerships, mergers, acquisitions, and other latest developments.

Based on Product Type Aerospace Hose is segmented into

Based on the Application Aerospace Hose is segmented into

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

1 Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Aerospace Hose.

2 Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market.

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Various Analyses Covered:

Regional assessment of the Aerospace Hose has been carried out over six key regions which include North America, Asia-pacific, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa. Moreover, the report also delivers deep insights on the ongoing research & development activities, revenue, innovative services, the actual status of demand and supply, and pricing strategy. In addition to this, this report also delivers details on consumption figures, export/import supply, and gross margin by region. In short, this report provides a valuable source of guidance and clear direction for the marketer and the part interested in the market.

North America(United States, Canada)Asia Pacific(China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Others)Europe(Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, Others)Latin America(Brazil, Mexico, Others) The Middle East and Africa

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Aerospace Hose Market Size And Forecast to 2028 |Eaton Corporation, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Ametek, Inc., Airbus Designer Women - Designer Women

Global Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market New Innovations, Technology And Research 2022, Forecasts till 2028 Designer Women – Designer…

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The Aerospace and Defense Consulting ServicesMarket Report is a categorized analysis of local and global markets that provides detailed information and data about markets in the current context.This report is compiled by The Research Insights to help companies optimize their ROI (return on investment).

This report explores the Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market, key parameters that drive the business, such as the market as a whole, economic factors such as policies, the revenue-generating scope of market segments, resource costs, and more.

Global Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market Are Expected to Reach Rise at A CAGR Of 7.8% During the forecast period.

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The report provides a detailed analysis of the market competition and the corresponding major vendors/companiesin themarket.

Top Companies: Inthe Global Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market: Deloitte, KPMG, McKinsey & Company, Bain & Company, Accenture, Boston Consulting Group, Maine Pointe, Mazars, PA Consulting, LEK Consulting, Curzon Consulting, Korn Ferry and others.

World Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market divided by product type and application.

This report categorizes the Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market based on type:

Aerospace

Defense

Based on the application, the Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market is categorized as follows:

Commercial Aviation

Defense

Space

Business and General Aviation

Others

Regional Outlook:

The regions covered by the Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market report are:

North America (US, Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, etc.)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia, etc.)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, etc.)

Middle East / Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa, etc.)

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Presents case context studies from past and present scenarios.

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The Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market is a data-intensive report that includes expert analysis to help you draw conclusions.It also helps you develop strategies for existing or new businesses.One of the most read topics of interest to our readers is competitive Market information and analysis.

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Global Aerospace and Defense Consulting Services Market New Innovations, Technology And Research 2022, Forecasts till 2028 Designer Women - Designer...

Global Aerospace Sealants Market 2022 Industry Analysis by Geographical Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2028 Designer Women – Designer…

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Global Aerospace Sealants Market from 2022 to 2028 by MarketsandResearch.biz gives an overview of the industrys current position as well as its projected growth from 2022 to 2028. The study investigates the potential and existing market status for the projected period of 2022-2028, providing insights and information on the related areas associated with the global Aerospace Sealants market. The research is a small-scale effort by industry experts and subject matter specialists to generate market estimates and estimates.

The study offers corporate clients a comprehensive analysis of the global Aerospace Sealants market, including market value, market conditions, market size, and exponential and quarterly value creation during the projection period. This research contains an in-depth forecast of the industrys future. Through the logical presentation of product categories, important manufacturers, and end-client organizations, the study displays the market state and anticipates nuances of the critical zones.

DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://www.marketsandresearch.biz/sample-request/159919

Applications in the report are:

Aerospace Manufacturing, Aerospace Aftermarket,

Types segmented in the report are:

Polysulfide Sealants, Polythioether Sealants, Silicone Sealants, Other

In the global market, the companies covered are:

PPG Industries, 3M, Flamemaster, Chemetall, Royal Adhesives & Sealants, DowDuPont, Henkel, Permatex, Master Bond, Cytec Industries, AVIC,

Geographically, the following regions, and the national markets indicated, are:

Americas (United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil), APAC (China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia), Middle East & Africa (Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries)

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The research technique used in the Aerospace Sealants report is comprehensive and systematic, ensuring that every aspect of the industry is addressed. The data is compiled from various sources and double-checked by industry experts. Interviews with analysts and industry experts, and suppliers and distributors are among the most prominent facets. The markets anticipated growth trends are based on a rapid quantitative and qualitative assessment of data collected from multiple studies.

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Global Aerospace Sealants Market 2022 Industry Analysis by Geographical Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2028 Designer Women - Designer...

Robotic Process Automation in Aerospace Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth and Forecast 2030 Indian Defence News – Indian Defence News

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Global Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in aerospace market size reached USD 7.35 Billion in 2021 and is expected to register a revenue CAGR of 27.8% during the forecast period. RPA in aerospace market revenue growth is expected to be driven by factors such as rising demand for automation in aerospace, rapid advancements in robotics to improve scalability and increase in adoption of RPA in revenue distribution management.

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The latest research report is inclusive of a precise summary of the intensely competitive landscape of the global Robotic Process Automation in Aerospace market. It offers a systematic presentation of the company profiles of the leading market players. This section of the report analyzes the effective initiatives undertaken by these players for business expansion in the long run. In addition, this section highlights the key developments and financial positions of these companies to explain the overall market scenario. The company profiles of the established and new players have been assessed using certain effective analytical tools, such as Porters Five Forces analysis and SWOT analysis.

The major companiesCoveredin the report are:

Pegasystems Inc., Automation Anywhere, Inc., Blue Prism Limited, EdgeVerve Systems Limited, Kofax Inc., UiPath Inc., Celaton Limited, AirAsia Group Bhd, International Business Machines Corporation, and WorkFusion, Inc

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This report is the latest document discussing the current economic situation gravely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak in detail. The global health emergency has led to massive changes in the global economy and the Robotic Process Automation in Aerospace business sphere. The current scenario of this ever-evolving business vertical has been clearly depicted in the report, which contains a broad analysis of the pandemics present and future effects.

Segments Covered in this report are:

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Robotic Process Automation in Aerospace Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth and Forecast 2030 Indian Defence News - Indian Defence News

AIX returns to delight the cabin interiors industry – Aerospace Manufacturing

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From 14-16 June 2022, more than 12,000 professionals from the cabin interiors industry descended on the Hamburg Messe to celebrate the triumphant return of Aircraft Interiors Expo (AIX).

The highly anticipated event the first physical AIX in three years created a sought-after opportunity for the passenger experience community, including representatives from more than 180 airlines, leasing companies and business jet operators, to reconnect face-to-face to discover the latest product launches from over 600 exhibitors and new announcements at the show did not disappoint.

A hotbed of product innovation

The opening day of Aircraft Interiors Expo 2022 was defined by an exciting line-up of new product launches, with exhibitors eager to reveal the innovations and new developments theyve been working on over the past 36 months. Among those to unveil new products, Panasonic Avionics announced its new in-flight entertainment (IFE) seat-end system, Astrova. Designed with passenger engagement in mind, Astrova reflects the latest on-the-ground technology, making the transition from passengers personal devices to in-flight entertainment seamless. It features cinema-grade 4K OLED screens with High Dynamic Range (HDR), Panasonics award-winning Bluetooth technology, as well as 67W of USB-C power to fast-charge smart devices.

Following its successful launch to a packed stand, the Panasonic team announced that fellow AIX exhibitor, Recaro Aircraft Seating would seamlessly integrate the Astrova seat-end solution into its newly revamped CL3810 to further optimise the passenger journey for single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft. Attendees visiting the Recaro stand were provided with a first look at the CL3810 economy class seat.

As the successor to the German seat manufacturers popular CL3710, the new CL3810 offers weight savings of 1.5kg per seat, combining innovative ergonomic technology, premium comfort cushions with layered foam, and lightweight smart engineering. Its unique shape is designed to support the passengers points of tension, which reflects the award-winning design of the Recaro Automotive sport seat. Compared to its predecessor, the CL3810 offers an additional inch of living space, a more advanced articulated seat pan, and a wider backrest to enhance row-to-row privacy.

Other seating innovations were quick to make headlines across the show from suppliers including Safran Seats, TSI Seats, Aviointeriors and more. Showcasing a range of innovative concepts and configurations, Aviointeriors highlighted its Business Class Allegra lie-flat seat; 7.5kg FABRY economy class seat; and Heric (Herringbone in Cruise) and DoDo (Double Dodo Bed) family of products, which allow seating to be tailored to each airlines requirements. These concepts are designed to provide a seating area that can be easily converted to a lie-flat area, expanding configuration options for airlines.

Safran Seats showcased a duo of business-class products: VUE and UNITY. The first, VUE, is adapted to long-haul flights on narrowbody aircraft, but designed to assimilate the experience of the most comfortable, widebody airplanes. The name, VUE stems from the window-facing experience it delivers for every passenger. Meanwhile, UNITY is a new generation of high-end, forward-facing business class seats that provide every passenger with direct access to the aisle and multiple storage areas.

TSI Seats also launched its economy class seat Milligram, and award-winning, business class seat Royalux. Described as a next-generation lightweight economy class seat, the Milligram is optimised for narrow-body A320 and B737 aircraft. It is one of the lightest seats in the market at less than 7.5kg per passenger without a dress cover and USB outlet. Furthermore, it consists of a significantly reduced number of parts less than 70 parts per triple which are mostly made using ultra-durable, high-performance composite and aluminium parts. The company also displayed its new Royalux business class seat. Designed for the A320, A350, B737 and B787 aircraft, it can be used in business class in narrow-body, or premium economy in wide-body aircraft types.

In one of the more thought-provoking designs on display, TU Delft student, Alejandro Nunez Vicentes chaise lounge concept returned to the Aircraft Interior Refurbishment Espaa (AIRE) stand. The innovative concept is designed for a bi-level cabin that has rows of traditional seats on the floor, along with rows of elevated seats. Nominated for a Crystal Cabin Award in 2021, Alejandro returned to AIX following successful funding to work full-time on his prototype.

Ali Aljufairi, Manager IFE & Connectivity, Gulf Air, attended AIX to see and try the latest seat innovations. He explained: The return to an in-person event was so important in truly appreciating the different materials being used, the thought put into the design, as well as gaining a more rounded understanding of what the product can offer. This was aided immensely by attending the numerous product launches by seat manufacturers, such as Recaro, Stelia and TSI. It is such an educational experience, an institution. If I could describe it in three words, it would be 'educational', 'crucial' and 'possibilities'.

Outside of new seating concepts, further product announcements were unveiled across all eight halls. Helping airlines bring the connected vision to reality, Airbus revealed its Airspace Link HBCplus a flexible high bandwidth connectivity solution that will be offered as an SFE line-fit catalogue option and also for retrofit on all Airbus programmes. HBCplus, which initially encompasses Ka-band services, will enable airlines to connect to a choice of Managed Service Providers (MSPs) via a new certified terminal and radome built as part of the aircraft. In the future, it is planned to extend HBCplus to include MSPs which offer Ku-band services.

Airbus also revealed to AIX attendees that it had selected fellow AIX exhibitor and connectivity satcom leader, Inmarsat as the first MSP, while Safran Passenger Innovations (SPI) would act as terminal provider and hardware integrator of ThinKoms proven antenna technology.

On the Collins Aerospace stand, attendees discovered the companys new modular, thermoelectric cooling system that is scalable to fit a variety of applications throughout an aircrafts interior. SpaceChiller quietly and efficiently chills compartments to food-safe temperatures without the use of refrigerants that may impact global warming. It is designed to offer airlines flexibility in service, storage, and space without sacrificing room for passengers and flight attendants. Applications range from premium suites and passenger social zones to single galley inserts and whole cart bays.

Meanwhile, STG Aerospace declared 2022 a major launch year with innovations across its core technologies, photoluminescent and electrical. It revealed the worlds narrowest and lightest emergency floor path marking the brand new saf-Tglo SSUL-X11. This narrower option is designed to enhance cabin aesthetics, blending seamlessly into the cabin design, while maintaining passenger safety requirements. The company also announced its new platform-agnostic Universal Lighting capability and emergency exit system package for business jet and small fixed-wing aircraft (CS23).

Speaking about the return to AIX, Kate Williams, Brand Marketing Manager, STG Aerospace, said: The show has been really good and really busy. We werent sure what to expect after three years, but weve been fully booked with meetings and the quality of visitors has been great. Weve had lots of interest in the new products weve launched at the show. The feedback has been really positive and its great to know that were launching the products our customers want and need.

A place to learn and discuss future thinking

In addition to the abundance of new product development being showcased, the return of Aircraft Interiors Expo (AIX) welcomed four days of high-level thought leadership as experts from all corners of the industry came together to learn and debate the future of the passenger experience industry. Kick-starting proceedings, the Passenger Experience Conference opened at the newly refurbished Congress Center Hamburg (CCH).

Opening the conference, Paul Wylde, Founder, CEO and Creative Director of paulwylde delivered an impassioned speech that reflected on the lessons learnt during the pandemic, the changing attitudes of passengers and the ever-growing importance for brands to watch, observe and understand their audiences. He provided the audience with five key observations, from consumers desire to find something meaningful in the brands they choose, to the explosion of the metaverse and the importance of feeling connected. He encouraged brands to foster a culture of creativity, investigation and exploration and to find the will for measured risk-taking.

Following his opening keynote, Paul was joined by Silvia Mosquera, Chief Commercial and Revenue Officer, TAP Portugal; Anthony Woodman, Vice President Customer Journeys & Reward, Virgin Atlantic; and moderator Jennifer Newlands, Vice President, Head of Strategy, Brand, Content, Airbus to discuss the critical passenger experience strategies transforming travel and supporting airline renewal.

Meanwhile, two conference streams ran in parallel throughout the afternoon: Rebellious Reconstruction and Integrity in Action, bringing together experts from LIFT Aero Design, TEAGUE, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Diehl Aviation, Tapis Corporation, Breeze Airways, Cirium, PriestmanGoode, Finnair, Safran Cabin, LSG Group, OneWeb, Viasat, Inmarsat, AERQ, Cathay Pacific and more.

Closing the day, Fabien Pelous, Senior Vice President Customer Experience, Air France shared candid insights into how the airline is responding to the latest trends and passenger expectations. He explained the role personalisation is playing and how Air France customers increasingly want more entertainment and better connectivity. Fabien was joined by Joe Bentley, Chief Technology Officer, Panasonic Avionics and Jochen Werner, Vice President Industrial Design, Airbus for a final panel discussion, where it was agreed that the way forward required a focus on a sustainable in-flight experience, as well as one that is more connected and personalised for every passenger.

Future cabin trends under the spotlight

Continuing to offer opportunities to learn and debate future cabin trends, CabinSpace LIVE returned to the AIX show floor with a programme of insightful sessions offering attendees a chance to reflect on cabin-specific trends and challenges.

A panel of senior industry executives provided attendees with an up-to-date outlook of the commercial aviation and interiors market. In this session, aviation and cabin interiors experts including Andrew Doyle, Senior Director, Market Development, Cirium; Gary Weissel, Managing Officer, Tronos Aviation Consulting, Inc.; Rob Morris, Global Head of Consultancy, Ascend by Cirium; Elizabeth deYoung, VP Marketing and Strategy, Safran Cabin; and Markus Hllerer, Head of Strategy & Products, RECARO Aircraft Seating painted an optimistic outlook for the future of their respective industries.

Morris described the industrys 10-year period of uninterrupted growth before the pandemic as driving through thick fog with our foot firmly on the accelerator, only to hit a covid-shaped brick wall. However, he was upbeat about the industrys recovery prospects, demonstrating through modelling calculated by Ciriums Ascend tool that the future was bright, with one scenario predicting the market could return to pre-pandemic levels by August 2023.

Both Morris and Weissel, however, were keen to stress these were hypothetical, complicated by many unknowns going forward, particularly the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Weissel predicted that due to said uncertainty, there might be significant changes to the supply chain, such as restructuring processes that could see more production brought in-house, something both DeYoung and Hllerer agreed with. Both too predicted a positive recovery path for the aircraft interiors industry, but the latter acknowledged that the supply chain issue was the primary obstacle before demand and investment could return.

Other sessions explored how to make sustainable aviation a reality; the how and why of accessible air travel; and the role of women in aviation. In addition, attendees were treated to an introduction to this years Crystal Cabin Award Winners. Each company was provided with an opportunity to showcase and introduce their award-winning concepts to the AIX audience, revealing the inspiration behind their innovative designs and intended applications onboard.

This included Safran Cabins Fire-Resistant Cargo Container, which took the Health and Safety Award after it wowed the jury with its ability to offer fire containment for Class D fires for up to six hours. The Thales Avionics team also headed to the CabinSpace LIVE stage to introduce its Pulse charging solution for aircraft cabins. Winner of the Materials and Components category, it uses patented power management technology to dynamically allocated power during the flight.

First-time visitor Diana Danvova, IFE Engineer, Air Astana, commented on her show experience, stating: Its my first time at Aircraft Interiors Expo. Ive met with so many interesting suppliers who will help me with upcoming projects. As my focus is on IFE, its been great to meet with so many relevant companies. There is so much innovation on display, and the chance to meet with my peers has been priceless.

Getting back to business

With so much innovation and new technology on display, attendees were focused on building existing and new relationships at AIX to discuss future projects, facilitated by the shows innovative new show planning tool: AIX Connect. Designed to help key airline buyers meet exhibitors during the show to build business connections and discuss new projects, the show planning tool has never been more relevant as the aircraft interiors industry reconvenes for the first time since the global pandemic began. It demonstrated its pivotal role in facilitating the industrys desire to network, with more than 5,000 confirmed meetings across the three days of the show.

Commenting on the success of Aircraft Interiors Expo this year, Polly Magraw, AIX Event Director, said: We have been completely blown away by the response from exhibitors and attendees this year. The atmosphere at this years show was extremely positive and demonstrated the appetite among all attendees to reconnect and drive the industrys recovery. Visitors were able to identify new and exciting products from exhibitors, suppliers had the opportunity to do business with the airline buyers they wanted to meet, and delegates spoke extremely positively about the education opportunities at the conference. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all who joined us over the course of the four days. The breadth of innovation on show was truly remarkable and is a clear demonstration of the resilience and hard work the industry has been firmly focused on during this time.

Aircraft Interiors Expo (AIX) returns in 2023 from 6-8 June. It will once again be co-located with the World Travel Catering & Onboard Services Expo (WTCE) and Passenger Experience Conference.

http://www.aircraftinteriorsexpo.com

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AIX returns to delight the cabin interiors industry - Aerospace Manufacturing

Can Artificial Intelligence Be Creative? – Discovery Institute

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Image: Lady Ada Lovelace (18151852), via Wikimedia Commons.

Editors note: We are delighted to present an excerpt from Chapter 2 of the new bookNon-Computable You: What You Do that Artificial Intelligence Never Will, by computer engineer Robert J. Marks, director of Discovery Institutes Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial Intelligence.

Some have claimed AI is creative. But creativity is a fuzzy term. To talk fruitfully about creativity, the term must be defined so that everyone is talking about the same thing and no one is bending the meaning to fit their purpose. Lets explore what creativity is, and it will become clear that, properly defined, AI is no more creative than a pencil.

Lady Ada Lovelace (18151852), daughter of the poet George Gordon, Lord Byron, was the first computer programmer, writing algorithms for a machine that was planned but never built. She also was quite possibly the first to note that computers will not be creative that is, they cannot create something new. She wrote in 1842 that the computer has no pretensions whatever to originate anything. It can do [only] whatever we know how to order it to perform.

Alan Turing disagreed. Turing is often called the father of computer science, having established the idea for modern computers in the 1930s. Turing argued that we cant even be sure that humans create, because humans do nothing new under the sun but they do surprise us. Likewise, he said, Machines take me by surprise with great frequency.So perhaps, he argued, it is the element of surprise thats relevant, not the ability to originate something new.

Machines can surprise us if theyre programmed by humans to surprise us, or if the programmer has made a mistake and thus experienced an unexpected outcome.Often, though, surprise occurs as a result of successful implementation of a computer search that explores a myriad of solutions for a problem. The solution chosen by the computer can be unexpected. The computer code that searches among different solutions, though, is not creative. The creativity credit belongs to the computer programmer who chose the set of solutions to be explored. One could give examples from computer searches for making the best move in the game of GO and for simulated swarms. Both results are surprising and unexpected, but there is no creativity contributed from computer code.

Alan Turing, an atheist, wanted to show we are machines and that computers could be creative. Turing equated intelligence with problem solving, did not consider questions of consciousness and emotion, and referred to people as human computers. Turings version of the imitation game was proposed to show that computers could duplicate the conversational human. This is why the biographical movie starring Benedict Cumberbatch as Turing was titledThe Imitation Game.

How can computers imitate humans, according to Turing?The imitation game (which came to be called the Turing test)simply asks whether, in a conversational exchange using text (that is, an exchange in which the participants are hidden from each other), a sufficiently sophisticated computer can be distinguished from a human. If a questioner gets lucid, human-sounding answers from the computer, and believes the computer is in fact a human typing in answers from another room, then the test has been passed. (Incidentally, the converse of the Turing test is easy. Simply ask it to calculate the cube root of 12 out to 10 significant figures. If the answer is almost immediate, you are talking to a computer.)

There are those who claim that todays chatbots have passed the Turing test. Most famously, a computer program known as Eugene Goostman purportedly passed. One posted subtitle claiming this reads, Eugene Goostman fools 33% of interrogators into thinking it is human, in what is seen as a milestone in artificial intelligence.

But those making a test often cheat to tweak the outcome. Thats what Goostmans programmers did. Goostman supposedly was a Ukrainian, which meant English was not his first language, so his poor grammar could be excused. He was supposedly a teenager, so any lack of depth of understanding could be chalked up to his nave intellect. Likewise, his tendency to be silly and deflect questions could be considered typical teenage behavior. In short, Goostmans software character was gamed to pass the Turing test.

Here are a couple of examples of an exchange between Goostman and his questioner. Goostman is first asked a question proposed in the first line of the lyrics of the song Close to You,popularized by theCarpenters:

Questioner: Why do birds suddenly appear?

Goostman: Just because 2 plus 2 is 5! By the way, whats your occupation? I mean could you tell me about your work?

We see here an often-used cheat in chatbots. If an answer is not known, the chatbot responds with an unrelated question to derail the conversations direction.

Heres another exchange with Eugene Goostman:

Questioner: It is ok, I get sick of sick people. How is your stomach feeling today? Is it upset maybe?

Goostman: I think you cant smile at all. I bet you work in a funeral agency.

As you can see, Goostmans answers here are elusively non-responsive.

Selmer Bringsjord correctly notes the Turing test is gamed by programmers. Gamed here is a nice word for being an elusive cheat. As Bringsjord writes, Though progress toward Turings dream is being made, its coming only on the strength ofclever but shallow trickery.

When gaming the system, chatbots can deflect detection by answering questions with other questions, giving evasive answers, or admitting ignorance. They display general intellectual shallowness as regards creativity and depth of understanding.

Goostman answered questions with questions like, By the way, whats your occupation? He also tried to change topics with conversational whiplash responses like I bet you work in a funeral agency. These are examples of the clever but shallow trickery Bringsjord criticized.

What, then, do Turing tests prove? Only that clever programmers can trick gullible or uninitiated people into believing theyre interacting with a human. Mistaking something for human does not make it human. Programming to shallowly mimic thought is not the same thing as thinking. Rambling randomness (such as the change-of-topic questions Goostman spit out) does not display creativity.

I propose to consider the question, Can machines think? Turing said. Ironically, Turing not only failed in his attempt to show that machines can be conversationally creative, but also developed computer science that shows humans are non-computable.

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Can Artificial Intelligence Be Creative? - Discovery Institute