Dublin, Feb. 10, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Global Pharmacogenomics Market 2020-2030 by Service (Genotyping, SNP, Diagnostics), Technology (PCR, Microarray, Sequencing, Electrophoresis, MS), Application, End User, and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global pharmacogenomics market will reach $12.83 billion by 2030, growing by 8.1% annually over 2020-2030 driven by increase in adoption of personalized medicine and surge in usage of pharmacogenomics for drug discovery and development amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Highlighted with 88 tables and 83 figures, this 181-page report "Global Pharmacogenomics Market 2020-2030 by Service (Genotyping, SNP, Diagnostics), Technology (PCR, Microarray, Sequencing, Electrophoresis, MS), Application, End User, and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity" is based on a comprehensive research of the entire global pharmacogenomics market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications. Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2015-2019 and provides forecast from 2020 till 2030 with 2019 as the base year.

In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects:

The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify global pharmacogenomics market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Service, Technology, Application, End User, and Region.

Based on Service, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2019-2030 included in each section.

Based on Technology, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2019-2030 included in each section.

Based on Application, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2019-2030 included in each section.

Based on End User, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue for 2019-2030 included in each section.

Geographically, the following regions together with the listed national/local markets are fully investigated:

For each aforementioned region and country, detailed analysis and data for annual revenue are available for 2019-2030. The breakdown of all regional markets by country and split of key national markets by Service, Technology, and Application over the forecast years are also included.

The report also covers current competitive scenario and the predicted trend; and profiles key vendors including market leaders and important emerging players.

Specifically, potential risks associated with investing in global pharmacogenomics market are assayed quantitatively and qualitatively through a Risk Assessment System. According to the risk analysis and evaluation, Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are generated as a guidance to help investors & stockholders identify emerging opportunities, manage and minimize the risks, develop appropriate business models, and make wise strategies and decisions.

Key Players (this may not be a complete list and extra companies can be added upon request):

Key Topics Covered:

1 Introduction1.1 Industry Definition and Research Scope 1.1.1 Industry Definition 1.1.2 Research Scope 1.2 Research Methodology 1.2.1 Overview of Market Research Methodology 1.2.2 Market Assumption 1.2.3 Secondary Data 1.2.4 Primary Data 1.2.5 Data Filtration and Model Design 1.2.6 Market Size/Share Estimation 1.2.7 Research Limitations 1.3 Executive Summary

2 Market Overview and Dynamics2.1 Market Size and Forecast 2.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on the Market 2.2 Major Growth Drivers 2.3 Market Restraints and Challenges 2.4 Emerging Opportunities and Market Trends 2.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis

3 Segmentation of Global Market by Service3.1 Market Overview by Service 3.2 Genotyping 3.3 SNP Identification 3.4 Diagnostics 3.5 Other Services

4 Segmentation of Global Market by Technology4.1 Market Overview by Technology 4.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 4.3 Microarray 4.4 Sequencing 4.5 Electrophoresis 4.6 Mass Spectrometry 4.7 Other Technologies

5 Segmentation of Global Market by Application5.1 Market Overview by Application 5.2 Oncology 5.3 Infectious Diseases 5.4 Neurology/Psychiatry 5.5 Cardiovascular 5.6 Pain Management 5.7 Other Applications

6 Segmentation of Global Market by End User6.1 Market Overview by End User 6.2 Hospitals and Clinics 6.3 Pharmaceutical Companies 6.4 Research Institutes

7 Segmentation of Global Market by Region7.1 Geographic Market Overview 2019-2030 7.2 North America Market 2019-2030 by Country 7.2.1 Overview of North America Market 7.2.2 U.S. 7.2.3 Canada 7.2.4 Mexico 7.3 European Market 2019-2030 by Country 7.3.1 Overview of European Market 7.3.2 Germany 7.3.3 UK 7.3.4 France 7.3.5 Spain 7.3.6 Italy 7.3.7 Russia 7.3.8 Rest of European Market 7.4 Asia-Pacific Market 2019-2030 by Country 7.4.1 Overview of Asia-Pacific Market 7.4.2 Japan 7.4.3 China 7.4.4 Australia 7.4.5 India 7.4.6 South Korea 7.4.7 Rest of APAC Region 7.5 South America Market 2019-2030 by Country 7.5.1 Argentina 7.5.2 Brazil 7.5.3 Chile 7.5.4 Rest of South America Market 7.6 MEA Market 2019-2030 by Country 7.6.1 UAE 7.6.2 Saudi Arabia 7.6.3 South Africa 7.6.4 Other National Markets

8 Competitive Landscape8.1 Overview of Key Vendors 8.2 New Product Launch, Partnership, Investment, and M&A 8.3 Company Profiles

9 Investing in Global Market: Risk Assessment and Management9.1 Risk Evaluation of Global Market 9.2 Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/iizyyb

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Outlook on the Pharmacogenomics Global Market to 2030 - Trend Forecasts and Growth Opportunities - GlobeNewswire

Introduction

Allopurinol is a common hyperuricemia drug and one of the top inducers of severe cutaneous drug reactions (SCARs), especially in Asian patients.1,2 One of the most well-defined risk factors for allopurinol-induced SCARs is the presence of polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles such as the HLA-B*58:01 allele,36 and to a lesser extent, the HLA-C*03:02 allele.7,8 The HLA-C*03:02 allele was found at 94% and 92%, respectively, of Han Chinese and Korean patients with allopurinol-induced SCARs. This allele was significantly associated with allopurinol-induced SCARs (OR = 97.7, p=1.4x109 in Han Chinese patients,7 OR = 82.1, p = 9.39x1011 in Korean patients).8 These studies implicated that the HLA-C*03:02 allele might be another pharmacogenomic marker together with the HLA-B*58:01 allele in allopurinol personalized treatment. Notably, the frequencies of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in several Asian populations including Vietnamese people are as high as that of the HLA-B*58:01 allele.9

A number of HLA-B*58:01 allele-specific detection methods have been commercialized to identify the patients at risk, change the prescription and therefore, minimize the SCARs risk. However, there is no protocol for specific detection of the HLA-C*03:02 allele. HLA-C*03:02 genotyping methods for research purposes include saturated tiling capture sequencing,10 next-generation sequencing,11 whole-genome sequencing,12 multiplex sequencing-based typing (SBT),13,14 sequence-specific oligonucleotides (SSO),9 and multiplex real-time PCR15 which uses series of primer sets for analysis of multiple HLA loci. All of those methods are very costly and would be difficult to be applied in clinical settings for allopurinol personalized medicine. There is a need for a simple and specific HLA-C*03:02 detection method for allopurinol personalized therapy, in order to avoid SCAR risk.

In this study, we established, for the first time, a simple allele-specific (AS) PCR method to detect HLA-C*03:02 allele carriers in Vietnamese Kinh people and identify their zygosities. This protocol was applied to determine the frequency of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in 810 unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people.

For protocol optimization, 10 DNA samples of known HLA-C genotype were provided by the Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. The HLA genotypes of those samples were determined using the SSO method.16

For protocol validation, 100 DNA samples were prepared from the whole blood of unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people, including allopurinol-induced SCAR patients (48) and healthy volunteers (52).

For the HLA-C*03:02 allele frequency identification, 810 DNA samples were prepared from the whole blood of unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people evenly distributed in the North, the Centre and the South of Vietnam.

The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (IRB-VN01057-6/2018). All of the participants provided their informed written consents.

Whole blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant tubes and stored at 20C until DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was isolated using the E.Z.N.A. Tissue DNA Kit (Omega Bio-tek, Atlanta, USA). The isolated DNA quantity and quality were assessed using Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, USA). The samples at the concentration of 35250 ng/L and the A260/280 of 1.651.95 were qualified for further experiments.

The PCR protocol consisted of two steps (Figure 1). The PCR primers were designed based on the alignment of 18 HLA-C alleles in the Vietnamese population reported by Hoa et al.9 The sequences of the 18 alleles were obtained from the IPD-IMGT/HLA database.17

Figure 1 Strategy for detecting and distinguishing homozygous/heterozygous genotypes of the HLA-C*03:02 allele. (A) PCR procedures: Step 1. The primer set HLACB1F/HLACB1R specifically amplified the exon 23 sequence of the HLA-C gene. Step 2. The 912 bp PCR product from step 1 was then used as a template for the step 2 PCR reactions, which used three primer sets. (B) Different patterns can be obtained with the three primer sets in the second PCR step according to the HLA-C*03:02 zygosity. (*): allele number.

In step 1, the primer set (HLACB1F/HLACB1R) was used to amplify specifically the exon 23 of the HLA-C locus. The first PCR was performed in a reaction mixture of 20 L containing 40 ng of genomic DNA, 0.5 pM of each primer (Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, USA) and 10 L of GoTaq Green Master Mix 2x (Promega Corporation, Madison, USA). The PCR conditions for the first step were 95C for 3 minutes, followed by 28 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds, and 65C for 30 seconds, 72C for 60 seconds; and finally 72C for 7 minutes. The first step PCR products were visualized by ethidium bromide under UV with 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. 1 L of the first PCR product was diluted 100-fold with distilled sterilized water and used as a template for step 2 PCR.

After the amplification of the exon 23 of the HLA-C locus, the HLA-C*03 alleles were amplified specifically in step 2. In step 2, the protocol can be flexibly used for two different purposes determination of zygosity and screening the allele HLA-C*03:02. For the differentiation of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of the HLA-C*03:02 alleles, three PCR reactions were performed with three primer sets. Each PCR reaction mixture of 20 L contained 1 L of the step 1 PCR diluted product, 0.5 pM of each primer (Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, USA) and 10 L of GoTaq Green Master Mix 2x (Promega Corporation, Madison, USA). For the purpose of HLA-C*03:02 screening only, one PCR reaction with the primer set (HLAC0302F/HLAC3CR) was needed. Touchdown PCR cycles were used in the second PCR step to increase specificity: 95C for 3 minutes, followed by 5 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds, and 70C for 30 seconds, 72C for 30 seconds; 5 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds, 67C for 30 seconds, 72C for 30 seconds, 10 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds, 65C for 30 seconds, 72C for 30 seconds, 20 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds, 58C for 30 seconds, 72C for 30 seconds, and finally 72C for 7 minutes. The PCR products were visualized by ethidium bromide under UV with 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.

DNA sequences were determined by the PCR-SBT method using the BigDyeTM Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and an ABITM 3500 analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Massachusetts, USA). The primer sets and sequencing procedures have been previously described.14

The sensitivity and specificity of the AS-PCR protocol were determined using MedCalc v19.2.3 (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Cohens Kappa coefficient for the comparison between the in-house protocol and the PCR-SBT method as well as the allele frequency was determined using SPSS 20 (Chicago, IL, USA). Raw data from direct sequencing were analyzed using Bioedit 7.0.5.3 (Informer Technologies, Inc).

The strategy for the HLA-C*03:02 allele detection is described in Figure 1. The first PCR step with the primer set HLACB1F/HLACB1R was performed to selectively amplify the exon 23 which is the most polymorphic region containing most of the SNPs of the HLA-C locus. Three primer sets were used in the second PCR to differentiate the HLA-C*03:02 allele from the other known HLA-C alleles in the Vietnamese population, especially the two highly homologous alleles HLA-C*03:03 and HLA-C*03:049. Results of the three parallel PCR reactions enabled the conclusion of either homozygous or heterozygous genotypes of the HLA-C*03:02 allele. Alternatively, only one PCR reaction with the primer set HLAC0302F/HLAC3CR is needed for the detection of HLA-C*03:02 carriers. The sequences of the primer sets designed for these purposes are shown in Table 1. Their binding sites are described in Figures 2 and 3.

Table 1 Sequences of Primer Sets Used for the Two PCR Steps

Figure 2 Binding sites of the primer set used in the step 1 PCR. (A) Forward primer HLACB1F: a mismatch (replacement of G with T) at the penultimate position of the 3 terminus is shown in grey. (B) Reverse primer HLACB1R. The reference sequences were obtained from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/.17

Figure 3 Binding sites of the primer sets used in the step 2 PCR. (A) HLAC0302F has one mismatch (replacement of C with T) at the penultimate position of the 3 terminus; HLAC2CF has one mismatch (replacement of T with C) at the third position from the 3 terminus. The mismatches are highlighted in grey; (B) HLAC3CR and HLAC15CR have two different nucleotides (highlighted in grey) at the 3 terminus that ensure the specificity of the primers. The reference sequences were obtained from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/.17

First, the AS-PCR protocol was tested on 10 samples of known genotypes. After the first PCR, a single band of 912 bp was obtained in all of the 10 samples (Figure 4A). After the second PCR with the primer set HLAC15CF/HLC15CR, a single band of 569 bp was obtained with 4 samples (numbered 4, 8, 9, 10) (Figure 4B). The PCR with the primer set HLAC2CF/HLAC3CR resulted in a single band of 241 bp with samples numbered 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 8, 9 (Figure 4C). The specific amplification of the HLA-C*03:02 allele with the primer set HLAC0302F/HLAC3CR resulted in a single band of 241 bp with samples numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Figure 4D). The comparison in Table 2 shows a hundred-percent agreement.

Figure 4 The detection of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in 10 samples of known genotype. (A) Step 1: HLA-C exon 23 amplicon, 912 bp; (B) Step 2: amplicon from the primer set HLAC15CF and HLAC15CR, 569 bp; (C) Step 2 amplicon from the primer set HLAC2CF and HLAC3CR, 241 bp; (D) Step 2: amplicon from the primer set HLAC0302F and HLAC3CR, 241 bp. (*): allele number.

Table 2 AS-PCR Results of 10 Samples of Known Genotypes

This protocol was used to genotype 100 samples of unknown HLA-C genotype, of which, we detected seven samples of homozygous HLA-C*03:02 carriers, 36 heterozygous HLA-C*03:02 carriers, and 57 HLA-C*03:02-negative samples. For validation, we used PCR-SBT with all the 100 samples. The results of the protocol highly agreed with the SBT results (=0.98, p < 0.001). For specific detection of the HLA-C*03:02 allele, the PCR protocol had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 91.6100%) and specificity of 98.3% (95% CI: 90.999.7%) (Table 3).

Table 3 Comparison of the AS-PCR Method with PCR-SBT

This protocol was applied to determine the frequency of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in 810 unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people, 14.2% of which were HLA-C*03:02 carriers, the allele frequency was 7.5% (Table 4).

Table 4 HLA-C*03:02 Distributions in Vietnamese Kinh People

The HLA-C gene is a polymorphic region of the human genome. According to the IPD-IMGT/HLA database, 6223 HLA-C alleles and 1540 distinct variant positions had been discovered.18 These SNPs are located mostly in the exon 23 region, and approximately one SNP is present every 2030 nucleotides.19 To date, few PCR-based methods for the specific detection of HLA-A or HLA-B alleles at the two-field classification have been published20,21 and there have been no reports on the detection protocol of HLA-C alleles in general or the specific detection of the HLA-C*03:02 allele.

Due to the polymorphic characteristic of the HLA-C gene, it is difficult to design specific primers for direct amplification of each allele of this locus, it is necessary to cluster the alleles before a specific detection of each target allele. The primer set in the first step PCR was designed for specific amplification of the exon 23 region of the HLA-C gene. A mismatch (replacement of G with T) was placed at the second nucleotide from the 3 terminus of the forward primer (HLACB1F) (Figure 2A) in order to avoid non-specific amplification of other class I HLA loci such as HLA-A, B, E, F, G.

This PCR protocol was customized for the Vietnamese population, with the 18 known HLA-C alleles.9 Therefore, an approach to differentiate the HLA-C*03:02 allele (presenting in 6.8% of the Vietnamese population9) from the other 17 alleles was designed. Three primer sets were used in the second PCR for differentiation purposes. The exon 23 sequences of HLA-C*03:02, *03:03, and *03:04 alleles are highly homologous. Moreover, they all have dinucleotide polymorphisms (at position 935936) that are different from those of the other 15 HLA-C alleles reported by Hoa et al.9 This is the favorable position for designing the reverse primer (HLAC3CR) which is specific for the three homologous alleles, and the reverse primer (HLAC15CR), which is specific for the other 15 HLA-C alleles (Figure 3B).

For the cluster of the three homologous alleles including HLA-C*03:02, *03:03 and *03:04, there are only two SNPs (at position 731 and 795) within the exon 23 sequence, that can be used to distinguish the HLA-C*03:02 allele from the other two alleles (Figure 3A). The SNP at position 731 was used to design the forward primer (HLAC2CF) which was specific to the HLA-C*03:03 and HLA-C*03:04 alleles and the forward primer (HLAC0302F) which was specific to the HLA-C*03:02 allele. The PCR reaction using these primers resulted in a longer PCR product which is more favorable for detection by electrophoresis. Additionally, a mismatch (replacement of C with T) was placed at the penultimate position of the 3 terminus of the HLAC0302F primer and another mismatch (replacement of T with C) was placed at the third nucleotide from the 3 terminus of the HLAC2CF primer (Figure 3A). The protocol was tested on 10 samples of known genotypes, resulting in a hundred-percent agreement, indicating the efficacy of the PCR strategy mentioned above. The validation by PCR-SBT of 100 samples of unknown genotypes showed a sensitivity of 100%, assuring no false negatives, which means that no patients at risk for SCARs due to the HLA-C*03:02 genotype would be missed if this test is applied in clinical settings.

The HLA-B*58:01 allele has been reported to be a predominant allele,22 for this reason, most of HLA-B*58:01 specific genotyping methods only aim to determine the presence or absence of the allele in the genotype. Meanwhile, there has not been any report on the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in the association with allopurinol-induced SCARs. Therefore, we established a flexible protocol that can either determine the presence or absence of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in the genotype or determine zygosity. For the first aim, only one primer set (HLAC0302F/HLAC3CR) is needed in the second PCR. This protocol thus can be used for both research and clinical purposes.

A limitation of this protocol is time-consuming in comparison with other methods such as real-time PCR which requires approximately two hours.23 Nevertheless, the total time for the test including DNA extraction is four hours, enabling to return genotyping results much earlier than sequencing by an outsourcing unit. In addition, this protocol does not require specially trained workers or expensive reagents and equipment; thus, it can be used for screening patients at risk of allopurinol-induced SCARs in local hospitals in developing countries. The total cost for reagents in this method is less than $2, while the costs for high-throughput methods are usually higher.23

Another limitation of this PCR-based protocol is the probability of false-positive results due to cross-contamination during electrophoresis or preparation of DNA template. The validation on 100 samples showed one sample with false-positive result (Table 3). For a screening test, sensitivity is more important than specificity. However, a validation on a larger sample size is needed for a comprehensive evaluation of the protocol.

To date, there has been a report on the HLA-C*03:02 frequency in 170 unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people in Hanoi (the North of Vietnam).9 The present study on 810 unrelated Vietnamese Kinh people evenly distributed in the North, the South and the Centre of Vietnam had a significantly bigger and more representative sample of Vietnamese population. The allele frequency (AF) of the HLA-C*03:02 allele in this study was 7.5%, higher than the AF in the North of Vietnam (6.8%). The HLA-C*03:02 AF of the Vietnamese Kinh people in our study was the same as that of the Korean people (7.42%)24 and the Thai people (7.77%),16 more than that of the Chinese people (5.9%)25 and much more than that of the Japanese people (0.6%),26 the Italian people (0.6%),27 the Swiss people (0.540.72%),28 the African American people (0.975%)29 or the European American people (0.358%).30 The frequency of HLA-C*03:02 carriers was notably high (14.2%), which was similar to that of the Thai people (14.68%).16 These comparisons indicate a diversity of the HLA-C*03:02 allele distribution among various populations and explain a significant association of the HLA-C*03:02 allele and the risk of allopurinol-induced SCARs in certain Asian populations with high HLA-C*03:02 AF such as the Koreans.8 This AS-PCR protocol can be used for the HLA-C*03:02 allele detection in not only Vietnamese people but some other Asian populations with similar genetic characteristics as well.

AF, allele frequency; AS, allele specific; DRESS, drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; SBT, sequencing-based typing; SCAR, severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions; SJS, Steven-Johnson syndrome; SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism; SSO, sequence specific oligonucleotide; TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis.

The authors would like to thank Dr. Duong Tuan Linh (National Institute of Nutrition) for his valuable supports and comments on the research.

All authors made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; took part in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; agreed to submit to the current journal; gave final approval of the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

This study was funded by Vietnam Ministry of Health, Grant# 4694/QD-BYT.

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.

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[Full text] A Novel Allele-Specific PCR Protocol for the Detection of the HLA-C*03 | TACG - Dove Medical Press

This report studies the Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and applications in the report.

The report offers valuable insight into the Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market progress and approaches related to the Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market with an analysis of each region. The report goes on to talk about the dominant aspects of the market and examine each segment.

Key Players: GeneDx, Assurex Health, 23andMe, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Future Science Group, Myriad Genetics, Pathway Genomics, and GeneTech

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics industry.

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The global Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market is segmented by company, region (country), by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on revenue and forecast by region (country), by Type, and by Application for the period 2020-2026.

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Research objectives:

To study and analyze the global Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market size by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2013 to 2017, and forecast to 2026.

To understand the structure of Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics market by identifying its various sub segments.

Focuses on the key global Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics players, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.

To analyze the Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.

To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).

To project the size of Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches and acquisitions in the market.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

The report lists the major players in the regions and their respective market share on the basis of global revenue. It also explains their strategic moves in the past few years, investments in product innovation, and changes in leadership to stay ahead in the competition. This will give the reader an edge over others as a well-informed decision can be made looking at the holistic picture of the market.

Table of Contents: Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Market

Chapter 1: Overview of Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Market

Chapter 2: Global Market Status and Forecast by Regions

Chapter 3: Global Market Status and Forecast by Types

Chapter 4: Global Market Status and Forecast by Downstream Industry

Chapter 5: Market Driving Factor Analysis

Chapter 6: Market Competition Status by Major Manufacturers

Chapter 7: Major Manufacturers Introduction and Market Data

Chapter 8: Upstream and Downstream Market Analysis

Chapter 9: Cost and Gross Margin Analysis

Chapter 10: Marketing Status Analysis

Chapter 11: Market Report Conclusion

Chapter 12: Research Methodology and Reference

Key questions answered in this report

What will the market size be in 2026 and what will the growth rate be?

What are the key market trends?

What is driving this market?

What are the challenges to market growth?

Who are the key vendors in this market space?

What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?

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Sports and Fitness Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Market Size And Forecast (2020-2026)| With Post Impact Of Covid-19 By Top Leading Players- GeneDx,...

Global Molecular Diagnostics Market: Global Size, Trends, Competitive, Historical & Forecast Analysis, 2021-2027. Increasing number of chronic & infectious diseases and technological advancements are key drivers for Global Molecular Diagnostics Market.

In its latest report on Molecular Diagnostics Market provides a concise analysis of the recent market trends. The report further includes statistics, market forecasts and revenue estimations, which in addition highlights its status in the competitive domain as well as expansion trends adopted by major industry players.

The term molecular diagnostics refers to clinical tests used to identify a disease or the susceptibility to a disease, by analyzing DNA / RNA or their proteins, in humans or in the case of infections, in microbes. Its scope includes the clinical testing devices, as well as their reagents and supplies that are utilized in hospitals, clinics, commercial laboratories, reference laboratories and research institutes to detect cells and proteins for the purpose of diagnosis and monitoring disease. Molecular diagnostics play an important role in infectious disease testing as they provide effective and fast results. So, during the study of Global Molecular Diagnostics Market, we have considered global molecular diagnostics products and consumables to analyze the market.

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Global molecular diagnostics market report is segmented on the basis of product, technology, application and end user. Based on product global molecular diagnostics market is classified as instruments, reagents and services. Based upon technology, global molecular diagnostics market is classified as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), INAAT (Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology), DNA sequencing, hybridization, microarray and others. Based upon applications, global molecular diagnostics market is classified as infectious diseases, chronic diseases, genetic testing, screening and pharmacogenomics. Based upon end user type, global molecular diagnostics market is classified as hospitals, laboratories and research institutes.

The regions covered in this global molecular diagnostics market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. On the basis of country level, market of Global Molecular Diagnostics is sub divided into U.S., Mexico, Canada, U.K., France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, South East Asia, GCC, Africa, etc.

Global molecular diagnostics market report covers prominent play Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Abbott, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Alere, Inc., Dako, Bayer AG, Hologic, Inc., Danaher, Sysmex Corporation, Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, Qiagen N.V., Becton Dickinson and Company, Roche Diagnostics, BioMerieux SA, Cepheid, Quidel Corporation, Debiopharm Group, Onkogen Diagnostik Sistemler Ltd., Myriad Genetics, Genomic Health, Luminex, GenMark Diagnostics, Biocartis Group and others.

Increasing number of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary respiratory diseases, arthritis have led to the growth of the molecular diagnostics market. Moreover, rise in awareness among people, demand for early diagnostics of diseases, improving healthcare facilities and technological advancements are majorly responsible for the continuous growth of the molecular diagnostics market. According to World Health Organization, infectious diseases kill over 17 million people a year. However, high costs and regulatory hurdles in approval process are the major restrains of the Global Molecular Diagnostics Market. Nonetheless, untapped market and technological advancements may generate new opportunities in forecast period.

North America dominates the market with highest market share due to increase in funding by governments and different organizations, rise in number of cases of infectious and chronic diseases and increase in awareness of personalized medicines. In U.S, every year, around 1.7 million Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are encountered, resulting in 99,000 deaths and costing an estimated USD 20 billion. Availability of robust healthcare infrastructure in this region has boosted the demand for molecular diagnostics

Europe is the second largest market for global molecular diagnostics. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing healthcare expenditure, growing awareness among people, extensive research and development activities are majorly responsible on growth of Global Molecular Diagnostics Market in Europe. According to National Statistics, total current healthcare expenditure of UK in 2016 was around 253.9 billion USD. The rising demand for point-of-care and rapid testing, primarily blood glucose testing, and the strong government support to promote early disease detection to prevent ill-health are some of the major factors driving the molecular diagnostics market in UK.

Asia Pacific region is showing robust growth in Global Molecular Diagnostics Market due to increasing population, rising disposable income among the population, high incidences of chronic diseases and infectious diseases and improving healthcare infrastructure. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the critical cause of disease burden and mortality in the Asia Pacific region, claiming 55% of total life in the South East Asia region each year and 75% in the Western Pacific region.

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By Product

By Technology

By Application

By End User

By Region

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Molecular Diagnostics Market by Services, Technology, Overview, Component, Industry Revenue, Cost Structure Analysis and Forecast to 2027 KSU | The...

Southern Arizona 2021 Heart Ball Co-chairs Joseph Alpert, M.D. and Qin Chen, PhD., and other supporters hope to raise at least $50,000 at the digital experience (tucsonheartball.heart.org), which is free and open to the public at 6 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 13.

By Loni NanniniSpecial to the Arizona Daily Star

The American Heart Association is giving a ball and you dont need a tux or a gown or even an invitation to attend.

The Southern Arizona 2021 Heart Ball has gone digital and for the first time ever, it is open to the community for free online at tucsonheartball.heart.org at 6 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 13.

Human beings are pack animals ... we love being together in groups. We will miss seeing folks face-to-face, but with the pandemic, that is not happening this year, said Dr. Joseph Alpert, co-chair of the event with his wife, Qin Chen. This digital event does present an opportunity for people around the country whether they are in Alaska or Portland, Maine to hear about all that the American Heart Association is doing and to participate in the online auction, so we are hoping people outside of Tucson will get involved. Hopefully this will help bring folks together across the country.

The couple are long-time supporters of the association, according to Alpert, a professor of medicine at the University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center. He and Chen, the director of pharmacogenomics and professor of pharmacology at the UA who also performs cardiac research, received grant funding from the association for research early in their careers.

The associations grants often serve as seed funding to enable researchers to qualify for larger grants from the National Institutes of Health and other organizations, said Krystal Webb, communications director for the heart association in Tucson.

Continued here:
Arizona Heart Association's 2021 Heart Ball is digital event this year - Arizona Daily Star