A Theme Park of Donald Trumps Dreams – The New Yorker

On Friday, Donald Trump signed an executive order, On Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes. It is a snapshot of his view of the world and his place in it, but unlike some of his other executive orders, it isnt explicitly cruel and vengeful, or empty and threatening; it is, rather, the creation of a theme park. At the moment, he feels that he is losing his grasp on Trumps America, so he wants to build it in stone and fence it off, perhaps so that he can live there when all is lost.

Americans, in the largest protest movement in this countrys history, have been toppling monuments. When nations topple monuments, they often place them in parksor, more often, in unmarked and unlandscaped spaces that are gradually reconfigured as parks after they are suddenly decorated with statuary. New Delhi didnt start toppling its colonial monuments until a decade after independence; in the nineteen-sixties, a number of British nobles likenesses were transported to a vast, empty space that became known as the graveyard of statues. There they lay for another thirty years, decaying, as birds defecated on them and visitors marked them up. In the nineteen-nineties, local authorities decided to transform the space into a park designed to celebrate Indias triumph over its fallen rulers. The plan never came to fruition, though, and the park is now unfinished and overgrown, a ruin.

In Moscow, when a hard-line coup failed in August, 1991, bringing down the Soviet state, monuments to a variety of Soviet leaders, from the founder of the secret police to the first education minister to Stalin himself, were toppledor, in the case of Stalin, dug up, for this particular monument had been buried in a sculptors yard for three decadesand hauled to what was then an empty lot opposite Gorky Park. Bolsheviks in bronze, granite, and plaster lay on the grass for a number of years. People jumped and climbed and drew all over them. As Russia began to grow nostalgic for its Soviet past, the lot transformed: the formerly fallen leaders were set upright, then cleaned of graffiti, then restored to their pedestals, and finally fenced off, viewable only from a distance, which made them seem grand again. By the time Vladimir Putin officially assumed the office of the Presidency for the third time, in 2012, the formerly empty space, which by then was called the Sculpture Park and charged admission, had become a theme park of Soviet glory.

Trump seems to want to leap over a process that took Russia twenty years and proceed directly to creating a theme park of American grandeur. On June 26th, he signed an executive order that painted demonstrators protesting Confederate and other monuments as a violent mob of Marxists intent on destroying American history itself. It directed the federal government to step in and prosecute people who damage monuments and to withhold federal funds from jurisdictions that permit the desecration of monuments, memorials, or statues. A week later came the executive order on building and rebuilding, which puts the story told in the first order in loftier words: My Administration will not abide an assault on our collective national memory. To preserve this memory, the order creates a task force charged with establishing a statuary park named the National Garden of American Heroes (National Garden).

The garden, which has a planned opening for before July 4, 2026, is intended to house statues of American heroes, some of whom are listed in the order: John Adams, Susan B. Anthony, Clara Barton, Daniel Boone, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Henry Clay, Davy Crockett, Frederick Douglass, Amelia Earhart, Benjamin Franklin, Billy Graham, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, Douglas MacArthur, Dolley Madison, James Madison, Christa McAuliffe, Audie Murphy, George S. Patton, Jr., Ronald Reagan, Jackie Robinson, Betsy Ross, Antonin Scalia, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Tubman, Booker T. Washington, George Washington, and Orville and Wilbur Wright. The list suggests a Trumpian view of what constitutes American greatness. The Presidency is represented by Washington, Adams, Madison, Jefferson, Lincolnand Reagan. The First Lady singled out for inclusion in the park is Dolley Madison. No F.D.R., no J.F.K., no Eleanor Roosevelt. The twentieth century is represented by two generals, a soldier, a pilot, an astronaut, the inventors of the airplane, a baseball player, a conservative Supreme Court Justice, two members of the clergy (Graham and King), and Reagan. There are no artists or scientists on this list. The only writer is Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin. This is America as Trump sees it: a skeletal, heroic history, with a lot of shooting, a lot of flying, and very little government. Excluded from this history entirely are Native Americans; this is made explicit in Section 7, which defines the term historically significant American as an American citizen or someone who lived prior to or during the American Revolution and were not American citizens, but who made substantive historical contributions to the discovery, development, or independence of the future United States. The proposed park, in other words, is one of settler-colonialist history.

The executive order also dictates aesthetics: All statues in the National Garden should be lifelike or realistic representations of the persons they depict, not abstract or modernist representations. This passage appears twice. It is as though Trump is stomping his foot in the order, to make it clear, once and for all, that he wants his past comfortable and easy to read. The author of the document really seems to hate the few existing American monuments that are modernist or abstract, such as the Wall of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. In the history that the National Garden will tell, there is no modern or contemporary art, and there are no social movements that such art may represent.

Earlier this year, the White House considered issuing an executive order that would have instituted a unified style for federal architecture, dictating that the classical architectural style shall be the preferred and default style. The American Institute of Architects, among others, objected, and the order appears to have been shelved. But, as Trump often does, he has returned with the same desire expressed in a different package. The aesthetic represents Trump well: classical architecture in the twenty-first century is always an imitation, an act of plagiarism performed artlessly, as when Melania Trump borrowed the words of a Michelle Obama speech, or when Inauguration bakers copied the design of Obamas cakeas though the Trumps just thought that this was what power looks like. Even the name of the executive order betrays this aspiration-free view of human achievement: building and rebuilding stand in parallel, as though they are in effect the same thing. The original and its hollow, mass-produced copy do look the same from a distance. The gold curtains that Trump hung in the Oval Office and the gilded cherubs that litter his apartment belong in the same category; we might call it kitsch, if we thought Trump capable of play or irony.

For all its hand-wringing and foot stomping, the executive order is also a gesture of retreat, or at least retrenchment. In the face of a changing history and a country in uprising, Trump wants to create a landa gardenin which he can walk among the statues of men whom he imagines to have been great. There would probably be a fence. This is a territorial cordoning off of history, which is what the entire Trumpian project has been.

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A Theme Park of Donald Trumps Dreams - The New Yorker

Donald Trump fakes history in order to divide us – Brookings Institution

Our nation is witnessing a merciless campaign to wipe out our history, defame our heroes, erase our values, and indoctrinate our children, Donald Trump said in his pre-Independence Day rally in front of Mount Rushmore. He reprised the same themes on the White House lawn the following day. In the midst of a national catharsis on race and social justice, in front of a monument to great American leaders, and then on the lawn of the iconic symbol of American leadership, Trump chose a dog whistle message to stoke the us vs. them that has become his stock in trade.

It wasnt a new message, just new venues. At his last rally in Tulsa, Trump used similar rhetoricThey want to demolish our heritageto describe the ongoing debate over removing statues to Confederate figures. This time he doubled down. In the first quote above, he made four specific assertions that he attributed to a left-wing cultural revolution. Lets look at each of those claims, especially as they relate to the matter that continues to haunt the nation: the symbolism of Confederate statues and the naming of military bases for Confederate figures.

Wipe out our history. The statues of Confederate soldiers may be part of our history, but not in the way Donald Trump sees that history. These men were traitors, and their celebration is a reminder to Black Americans that the oppression for which they fought is still alive.

A few years ago, I was making a presentation in a former slaveholding state based on my book Leadership Lessons of the Civil War. When I referred to those who fought for the Confederacy as traitors, you could feel the air being sucked from the room. Afterward, some who had been in the audience confronted me over the statement.

But the judgment is unassailable. To take up arms against your country is a traitorous act. Erecting statues is just a way to obfuscate that reality while celebrating what caused it. In a similar manner, naming American military bases for generals who fought against America helps keep that traitorous tradition alive.

Defame our heroes. Donald Trumps least favorite word, it would seem, is loser. He frequently weaponizes it against those with whom he disagrees. It is particularly strange, therefore, that the heroes he seeks to aggrandize are the losers of the Civil War.

The veneration of those who led the insurrection we call the Civil War is the exception to the old rule that history is written by the winners. And that was exactly why the statues were erected: to rewrite that history and send a message that the cause that drove the treason continued.

You do not find statues of Erwin Rommel in Germany. On the battlefield, he was a strategic genius on par with Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas Stonewall Jackson (whom he studied). Recognizing the rotten core of Nazism, Rommel participated in the attempted assassination of Hitler (which cost him his life). But statues are not erected to celebrate national shames. Even if the individual may have been a genius, using that genius for the wrong purpose is nothing to memorialize.

Erase our values. The values celebrated by the memorials whose loss Trump mourns are not those of bravery or strategic brilliance, but of continuing oppression. According to the American Historical Association, the Confederate monuments erected in the Jim Crow era of the late 19th and early 20th century were part and parcel of the initiation of legally mandated segregation and widespread disenfranchisement across the South. The monuments were symbols of white supremacy whose purpose was intimidation, a reminder that the so-called Lost Cause was not over and a reiteration of the racial oppression that it was all about.

The Civil War wasnt about slavery, the refrain of Lost Cause supporters goes, it was about states rights. That state right was the perpetuation of human bondage.

Indoctrinate our children. I have written two books about the Civil War. One was about the Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, the other about the battlefield leaders on both sides. Without a doubt, until President Lincoln finally found the general he deserved in Ulysses S. Grant, the South had the best battlefield leaders. Their battlefield behavior was often brilliant. The cause for which they fought, however, was despicable.

So, how do we rationalize that contradiction? It is the nuance of this conversation that our children need to understand. The purpose of history is to tell the story of previous decisionsincluding their imperfectionsin order to inform our lives today. The tactical skills of the generals on the battlefield is worthy of study. The decision that put them on that battlefield, however, forever stains their memory.

It is historys relevance to today that must be understood. History is the story of how humans, when confronted with challenge, acted imperfectly. It is precisely this multifaceted and imperfect history that our children should learn. We owe the next generation an appreciation of what it means for ordinary citizens to rise to hero statusas well as how to define hero status.

It was particularly telling that on his way to Mount Rushmore, Donald Trump helicoptered over Native American demonstrators. The Original Americans were protesting what was happening on their sacred land.

Had Trump truly cared about history as something more than a campaign stunt, there was another message he could have delivered. It could have been an inclusive message. It could have been a message to challenge us, rather than divide us. It could have been the story of Robert E. Lees surrender at Appomattox on April 9, 1865.

Accompanying General Grant was his aide, Lt. Col. Ely S. Parker, who was a Seneca Indian. When Lee entered the McLean house for the surrender, he saw Parker and commented, I am glad to see one real American here. Lt. Col. Parker responded, We are all Americans. It is a message that is as valid today as it was then, but it is lost on a man who wants to use history to divide us.

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Donald Trump fakes history in order to divide us - Brookings Institution

Donald Trump Jr. touts the shrinking of Utah’s Bears Ears as opening land to public – Salt Lake Tribune

Washington While presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden vows to restore the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah and curtail oil and gas leasing on public lands, President Donald Trumps son says his dads efforts to open up access to federal tracts and fix up national parks is a better selling point for reelection.

The Democrats have been able to spin the Bears Ears notion as, Oh, my God, theyre getting rid of a national monument, Donald Trump Jr. said on a conference call Friday with regional news outlets.

It just couldnt be further from the truth, he continued. The Trump administration is getting rid of belt-and-suspenders-type regulations to allow people access to be able to enjoy these monuments and to be able to do it for everyone to enjoy their public lands.

So this administration has gone above and beyond opening up more access to public lands, I believe [more than] anyone since [President Teddy] Roosevelt, you know, when they started the whole public parks program.

The president's eldest son was answering a question by The Salt Lake Tribune about Biden's stance on Bears Ears but didn't mention Biden in doing so.

The presumptive Democratic nominee has previously announced that if elected his administration would protect Americas natural treasures by permanently protecting the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and other areas impacted by President Trumps attack on federal lands and waters, and establishing national parks and monuments that reflect Americas natural heritage, including reversing President Trumps proclamation on Bears Ears.

Biden said he'll reverse the changes to Bears Ears and also ban new oil and gas drilling on public lands and waters and increase royalties for existing mineral development.

The president's son said tossing out the Obama monument declaration allowed more access by the public to public lands.

This is a big issue for people in Utah as well as all of those out in the West, he said. The Trump administration has opened, as of Sept. 1, its going to be like 4.8 million new acres of public access that was previously inaccessible for sportsmen/women, for those who are, you know, recreational outdoorsman and women. So this administration has created access for Americans to their public lands.

Separately, Trump Jr. declined to weigh in on whether Utah Gov. Gary Herbert should mandate mask wearing amid a spike of coronavirus cases in the state.

Despite the cries of, you know, Donald Trump is a dictator, hes a dictator,' you know, hes let the states make these sort of decisions, the presidents son said. And so he trusts that those governors will make the right decision with the information on the ground. So if there is a spike in Utah, then maybe you know thats up to the governor to decide.

Excerpt from:

Donald Trump Jr. touts the shrinking of Utah's Bears Ears as opening land to public - Salt Lake Tribune

She Sounded The Alarm On Donald Trump A Decade Ago. Now, Shes A Cofounder Of The Lincoln Project. – Forbes

Jennifer Horn, former chair of the New Hampshire Republican party, helped co-found The Lincoln ... [+] Project.

In an op-ed published in the New Hampshire Union Leader, Republican mainstay Jennifer Horn painted a damning picture of Donald Trump.

She repeatedly slammed him as unpresidential, warning he was unable to stop himself from spouting outrageous comments and concluding that, as a country, We are looking for a commander in chief, someone who can be the leader of the free world, not a reality show character with an attitude.

Her words might seem especially damaging coming from someone inside the Republican Party, but perhaps more surprising than who wrote it, is when: 2011, almost a decade ago and more than 5 years before President Trump was elected.

I go back and re-read that op-ed sometimes and every single line, every single concern, has come to fruition, Horn said.

I essentially said, If the Republican Party takes this guy seriously, they deserve what they get.

Today, Horns words seem almost prescient. They certainly echo those of countless Democrats and some moderate members of the GOP, as President Trump gears up for an uphill reelection effort that shows him trailing presumptive Democratic nominee and former Vice President Joe Biden by double digits in multiple polls.

Now Horn, a former chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party and Republican Congressional candidate, has cofounded The Lincoln Project, a PAC deadset on publicly condemning Trump's actions. Created in December 2019, the group consists of current and former Republicans working to prevent Trump from being re-elected - something Horn never thought she'd have to do when she entered politics 12 years ago.

It became clear there was no effort, or candidate campaign out there, that was getting any traction or would be at all effective in protecting America from a second term of Donald Trump, Horn said.

The day after the election, Republicans and Democrats will have plenty of philosophical and policy issues to continue to debate. But until that time comes, we have to put it aside. We have to come together. Its imperative. We must do this for the preservation of the republic.

Jennifer Horn and her family.

At 44, Horn, who was a stay-at-home mom, had a laundry list of accomplishments. She had a thriving newspaper column, a radio talk show, and she was involved in several nonprofit efforts.

But there was one thing the wife, mother of five and grandmother wasn't involved in: politics.

Then came 2008. Horn decided to run for congress in New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional District, becoming the first woman nominated by the Republican Party in the states 232-year history.

"I won the nomination. Barack Obama won the White House, and I won nothing," Horn said, laughing.

But running for office in New Hampshire, where Horn spent 18 years of her life and raised her family, opened the door to politics. She never looked back.

"Everything I have ever done in politics has been motivated, I would say, by the same thing that has motivated me in almost everything I have done, and that's being a mom," Horn said. "I know for some people that sounds hoaky, but that's it."

In 2013, Horn was elected as the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party, where she served for two terms, until January 2017. She also served as co-chair of the New Hampshire Log Cabin Republicans for two years and on the Log Cabin Republican National Board of Directors. She advocated for removing anti-LGBTQ language from the New Hampshire and National GOP platforms. Her goal was always to bring leadership and a clear, principled voice to the party and to preserve and protect American ideals for her children and grandchildren's future. She says, working in politics to her, is an "extension of parenting."

But in the year leading up to the election of Donald Trump, everything changed.

At the time, Horn was still chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party, a position that requires neutrality through by-laws, during a primary election.

Jennifer Horn and Senator Marco Rubio.

"Repeatedly throughout that cycle, I was forced into this position of having to choose between defending Donald Trump or defending what I thought were the Republican principles of our party," Horn explained.

"Every time I defended the principles of our party. I defended John McCain; I defended the women. That didn't get me a lot of friends."

Horn recounted a moment during the 2016 election when one of "the top guys" in Trump's New Hampshire campaign approached her. He also happened to be a long-time friend of Horn's, someone she admired and who helped her during her campaigns. She said he wanted to talk about the incident involving Billy Bush, who was heard on an "Access Hollywood" tape laughing with the future President, as he bragged about groping women. He called her to ensure she wouldnt say anything publicly about the situation.

"I said, 'Of course I am going to say something. I've already said something.' He said, 'Why? Why do you have to do that? Our teams are working together so well now, and the election is almost over. Can't you just let it go?'

I think my exact words to him were, 'I promised myself a long time ago that I would never say or do anything I can't defend to my children. I can't be silent now.'"

Jennifer Horn and fellow Lincoln Project co-founders.

In 2019, as politicians and political leaders began planning for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, a group of current and former Republican leaders were making plans, too.

But they weren't focusing on how to help re-elect President Trump - they were working to create an initiative to take him down from the right side of the aisle.

Reed Galen, John Weaver, Rick Wilson, Steve Schmidt, all lifelong republicans and political strategists, began talking about what they could do to ensure Trump's defeat in 2020. Their experience within the party varied - some had worked for President George W. Bush, Senator John McCain, and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. They were all on similar paths since the 2016 presidential election, committed to speaking out against Trump.

They decided to team up and recruit other Republican leaders to assist. Horn was one of the first people they reached out to, because of her party politics and understanding of what moves Republican voters from a state that consistently has a rough and tumble primary at the presidential level.

"Jennifer has a depth and breadth of experience, and she has taken on the president publicly as a party chair in a very important state like New Hampshire," Galen said.

"From our perspective, she is someone who has the courage to take on the president directly, when so many in the party, at this moment, have refused to do so."

When approached, Horn immediately jumped on board and became a cofounder of The Lincoln Project; she is also the only woman in the pack.

In only a few months, The Lincoln Project has gone from new-to-the-game PAC to social media juggernaut. Since it publicly launched and joined Twitter in December, it has garnered more than 1.2 million followers, an average of 170,000 a month. The founders cite President Trump as a clear and present danger to the American Constitution and Republic, describing him as a racist and narcissist who is destructive and dangerous to the country and world. They also denounce him as a Republican and say he doesn't understand or respect actual GOP ideals and principles.

The groups mission statement, plastered front and center on its website, is just as unambiguous and unapologetic.

Our many policy differences with national Democrats remain, it reads in part. However, the priority for all patriotic Americans must be a shared fidelity to the Constitution and a commitment to defeat those candidates who have abandoned their constitutional oaths, regardless of party.

It concludes, Electing Democrats who support the Constitution over Republicans who do not is a worthy effort.

On the night of June 20, President Trump boarded Air Force One and left Tulsa, Oklahoma, after fronting a rally largely considered to be a disappointment. Prior to the event, Trump boasted on social media that close to a million people registered to attend. The Tulsa Fire Department later put official attendance at around 6,200, less than a third of the arenas capacity of 19,000.

An ad from The Lincoln Project circulated less than 24 hours later mocking the president for the rallys turnout and equating it to his dwindling popularity. Entitled Shrinking, the 45-second video opens with a shot of a lone Trump supporter sitting in a sea of more than 120 empty seats in the BOK Center in Tulsa. As it ends, the ads female narrator addresses Trump directly while intercutting shots of yawning rallygoers and Trump appearing dejected as he steps off Air Force One. You talk a big game...and cant deliver, she says. Sad, weak, low energy. Just like your presidency. Just like you.

Two weeks later, the ad has close to 6 million views on Twitter alone.

The Lincoln Project is blanketing broadcast stations and social media with critical, oftentimes devastating ads like these, and doing so with remarkable turnaround speeds. Their digital efforts increased after COVID-19 derailed many of their plans to travel and be on the ground in states leading up to Election Day.

The close to 50 videos they've released undermine Trump and describe what they call his presidential failures. Horn says its all in an effort to convince Republicans and Independents who lean Republican to vote against President Trump in November. They measure their effectiveness in a variety of ways.

"We know we're effective when they [the President and his team] respond to us, she said.

The President is tweeting at us at one in the morning."

One such tweet from President Trump falsely accuses Horn of being thrown out of the New Hampshire Republican Party.

Horn says they know they've struck a chord when Trump is talking about the Lincoln Project's videos instead of campaigning.

One example she cites was an advertisement they did showing Trump making his commencement speech at West Point and accusing him of being unwell. The footage showed the President appearing to have trouble walking down a ramp and picking up a glass.

"What does the President do the next week when he is in Tulsa? He spends 25 minutes explaining his walk down the ramp," Horn said. And proving to the crowd he could lift a glass and drink out of it."

"So the President spent 25 minutes at his first campaign rally since the coronavirus restrictions were implemented, not talking about anything that would move voters to vote for him. I think we were effective, and I checked it off as a success."

The Trump Campaign did not respond to multiple requests for a comment.

The Lincoln Project also measures success by merely looking at Trump's approval numbers and loss of support from some of his base, from white working-class women to Evangelicals. The latest Pew Research Center national poll shows a disheartened American public and Trump trailing Biden on "most personal traits and major issues."

The poll also shows those who are satisfied with how things are going in America has plummeted from 31% in April to just 12% at the end of June.

It also states if the election were held today, 54% of registered voters say they would support Biden vs. 44% for Trump.

The Lincoln Project isnt just targeting President Trump.

Several ads have gone after GOP senators seen as too close to Trump, in battleground states like Arizona, Colorado and North Carolina - efforts that could prove fruitful for Democrats trying to take back senate control for the first time in years. Democratic candidates are either tied or leading in polls for several competitive senate races against Republican incumbents. (If Biden wins in November, Democrats need to flip three seats; if Trump wins, theyll need to flip four.)

"If you don't defeat the people who empowered him the last four years, then Trumpism continues," Horn said.

One such ad, bluntly called Martha McSally is a Trump Hack, accuses the Arizona senator of going full Trump and concludes by proclaiming, Youll be remembered as just another Trump hack, if youre remembered at all.

The group is also using their platform to show support for Democratic candidate Joe Biden, even going so far as to create a sub-project called "Republicans and Independents for Biden." Horn says she and her team are going to be hyper-focused in coordinating efforts to organize and persuade Republicans and right-leaning independents to vote on Election Day for the former vice president. She acknowledges it won't be easy for some to do.

"Part of what we do at The Lincoln Project is make it OK. We want to make sure the message is clear: you are not alone. There are millions of other Republicans and Independents just like you who are not going to vote for this guy in November," Horn said.

While Horn and her Lincoln Project counterparts encourage Biden voters, they want to make sure the public knows that clear policy and philosophical differences with Democrats remain.

"You want to make sure that there is a clear path in 2024 for a Republican presidential candidate who can run against Trump," Horn said.

"Because you know there will be plenty coming forward saying, 'I'm the continuation of Trump in America' and we want to make sure there is a voice there that says, We defeated him in 2020, let's make sure Trumpism is buried and gone."

Since The Lincoln Project began, the founders have heard from both Democratic and GOP politicians.

At first, Horn says, many Democrats didnt understand or trust The Lincoln Projects intentions, but that has quickly changed. She says she hears often how unhappy some Republican politicians are with their decision to seemingly turn against the party. Horn says they often tell her its her responsibility to protect the party. Horn disagrees.

"I need to protect the country. I need to protect the constitution. I need to make sure that when I am dead and gone and when my children are talking about me to my grandchildren, that they stand up and say mom did the right thing."

Some are going so far as to call Horn and The Lincoln Project Trump's toughest opponents, because of the influence they have as Republicans going against a Republican incumbent.

"I am a woman trying to take down Donald Trump. Yes!" said Horn.

"I never imagined I'd ever be a part of such an effort," Horn said. "But I never, for a moment imagined, that all of these people in my party who I had so much respect and affection for, would elect Donald Trump to the White House."

Horn is just as much of a Republican as she was when she first ran for office 12 years ago. After Barack Obama was elected in 2008, Horn spent eight years campaigning against him. She disagreed with his policies, and regardless of his intentions, she says, he missed the boat repeatedly.

But there is one moment from his presidency that stands out to her: when he spontaneously sang Amazing Grace at the eulogy for Rev. Clementa Pinckney, one of nine African Americans killed in the Charleston Church shooting of 2015.

"That was an extraordinary moment where the President of the United States felt the pain of the American people and reacted in a decent, compassionate, comforting way that touched me as a leader of the opposition party."

"We must have presidents who can do that, whether they are from your party or not. If my party doesn't understand that anymore and can't produce that, this moment in time, then I have to support the other guy."

That's why she's voting for Biden this November, and even went so far as to resign from her GOP group, the Log Cabin Republicans, who endorsed Trump last summer.

"I'm voting for decency and constitutional leadership and for a return to checks and balances and separate but co-equal branches of government. I'm voting for a return to the constitutional institutions that have made America unique amongst all the countries in the world," Horn said.

"If you vote for Donald Trump, regardless of your reasons why, you are also voting for a man who is a racist, a narcissist who is destructive and dangerous to the country, and to the world, that future generations will live in. That's yours to make peace with."

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She Sounded The Alarm On Donald Trump A Decade Ago. Now, Shes A Cofounder Of The Lincoln Project. - Forbes

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Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market Report covers the manufacturers data, including shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including Weight Loss Dietary Supplements market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market competition by top Manufacturers:

Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market Classification by Types:

Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market Size by End-user Application:

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Cataloging the competitive terrain of the Weight Loss Dietary Supplements market:

Unveiling the geographical penetration of the Weight Loss Dietary Supplements market:

The report of the Weight Loss Dietary Supplements market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

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A 360-degree approach to getting the perfect glowy skin this summer – Emirates Woman

The glow

When it comes to supplements, are we too reliant on these miracle capsules for skin-deep beauty? We look at a 360-degree approach instead.

Over the years of curating our routines and discovering hero products that deliver exactly what we need, one thing we all have come to realise is that beauty isnt only skin-deep. There has been an evolution of products on the market that promise to nourish our complexion, and they are not just the formulas you apply on the surface. Many well-known brands have extended their skincare lines beyond topical products by introducing supplements that help tackle concerns from the inside. See it as a 360-degree approach to your daily routine.

The glow heroes:C.E.O. Glow Vitamin C + Turmeric Face Oil Dhs155 Sunday Riley at Sephora; Charlottes Magic Serum Crystal Elixir Dhs285 Charlotte Tilbury

Some specialists believe that topical products only address around 20 per cent of skin issues, which naturally forces us to look to supplements as well as personal habits. Skin is the largest organ of our body. It is meant to protect us, but it is also a mirror a mirror that reflects our health and the faults in the body, Zuzana Hrdinova, a Lifestyle Consultant and Health Coach, explains.

Despite the nutritional supplement market being a multi-billion-dollar industry, the data to support the use of most of these products is poor. There is very little evidence that any supplement or a multivitamin can reverse the course of a disease or play a role in our skin health, she adds.

Shirley DSouza, a Certified Ketogenic & Primal living coach, agrees that there are a lot of decoy supplements out there in the market, especially when claiming a whole list of benefits, but does believe some supplements can be beneficial in replenishing the nutrients that are lost through the agricultural process.

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Supplements may be useful for people who are unable to get adequate nutrition from diet alone, adds health coach, Sheetal Ramchandani. For example, it is recommended that vegans take a supplement of vitamin B12 since it isnt adequately available in plant foods and some specific conditions, like gastrointestinal issues that can affect nutrient absorption, call for more than high nutrition and require extra support that supplements can provide.

Zinc is one of the widely recommended supplements that support the immune system, while Omega 3 repairs the skin barrier. Iron can also be extremely beneficial, especially for those prone to eczema or psoriasis. But like with anything, seeking professional advice is the best way for you to know for sure that what you are taking is beneficial, as Hrdinova points out: If you take calcium, magnesium or zinc, but you are deficient in Vitamin D, you will not be absorbing those minerals and hence you will not see any results.

Vitamin C and E are emerging as skincare heroes among the beauty insiders as they are seen as powerful antioxidants. Collagen supplements are also on the rise. As we age, we produce less collagen that results in wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. It is still hard to judge whether the collagen you ingest will have the same properties when it reaches your skin as the digestion process breaks it down, so perhaps its more beneficial to look at products that encourage collagen production. Chicken soup, for example, is rich in amino acids which encourages our bodies to produce collagen. One big change I would add to a diet is bone broth chicken or beef which is full of collagen but more importantly full of electrolytes and has properties that help, our gut health a lot more. Our gut health is important as it is our main communication to the brain, hormones and nerves, DSouza reveals.

The glow heroes:Skinesis Stem Cell Collagen Activator Dhs685 Sarah Chapman at Harvey Nichols Dubai; Super Seed Supplement Dhs162 Votary

It appears that all of our supplement trails lead us back to something we can easily change our diet. There are certain nutrients that help us to get the look of glowing, healthier skin and slow down the ageing process, Hrdinova explains. Essentials are vitamin C, E, A, antioxidants, essential fatty acids, copper, zinc, selenium, but also vitamin B and iron. All these nutrients are available in a balanced diet. My advice for anybody who wants to have smoother and clearer complexion and glossy, silky hair is to eat healthy food including lots of fruit and vegetables, drink sufficient water, exercise frequently, get out in the fresh air, get proper rest and learn to manage your stress levels.

DSouza also champions a healthy lifestyle, promoting a balanced diet and cutting down on junk food. Cucumber and kale added to our diet has properties of naturally hydrating our skin, the nutrient silica is a trace mineral found in high levels inside cucumbers, she explains. Silica contributes to the growth and maintenance of connective tissue throughout your body.

We need to limit eating things in plastic or packets with long shelf life and eat more natural basic ingredients, she continues. If you cannot pronounce the additive or do not know the added preservative do not eat it.

Hrdinova echoes this saying, Excessive consumption of refined sugars and artificial sweetener and trans fats (fried food) can cause inflammation which may lead to a breakdown in collagen and elastin and have a negative impact on the skins strength and elasticity. Too much of caffeine from coffee or energy drinks have an impact on the hormonal levels in our body and may lead to breakouts of acne.

The only additional supplement DSouza would add for a glowing complexion is a probiotic at least with a minimum of 1 billion colony forming units and containing either genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or Saccharomyces boulardii.

Looking at the busy skincare industry promising a miracle solution with every new launch, it is easy to become overwhelmed at the options that are before you. The bottom line, take a closer look at your diet, seek advice if you want to introduce supplements, and continue to enhance your skincare routine. A glowing and healthy complexion requires attention from all angles, especially if you want to achieve long-lasting results.

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A 360-degree approach to getting the perfect glowy skin this summer - Emirates Woman

Global Marine Omega-3 Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Marine Animals Source Omega-3, Marine Plant Source Omega-3); By…

Global Marine Omega-3 Market Report Industry Analysis, Market Size, Historical-Current-Future Trends, Competitive Landscape and Forecasts to 2026

The markets growth and development depends on the factors such as the modernization and the current technological advancements. This research study on the Marine Omega-3 market has considered all these aspects and the information provided is based on the current market trends. TheMarine Omega-3 marketreport includes all the minute and important information about the Marine Omega-3 market which aids the clients to rethink on their current market strategies and implement new ones as per the market standards. The major data points that are mentioned in the Marine Omega-3 report includes the growth factors, limitations of the market, future market opportunities, market challenges, and others. All these facts about the market are explained in detail so as to the client understands the market condition easily.

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The major market players that are operating in the Marine Omega-3 market areDSM, BASF, EPAX, Golden Omega, TASA, Omega Protein, Croda, KD Pharma (Marine Ingredients), GC Rieber, Polaris, Auqi, Kinomega, Skuny, Xinzhou, Anti-Cancer, Sinomega, Orkla Health, LYSI, OLVEA Fish Oils, Hofseth BioCare, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Bioprocess Algae, Shandong Yuwang Pharmaceutical, Maruha Nichiro Foods, Solutex. The market has been segmented based onMarine Animals Source Omega-3, Marine Plant Source Omega-3. The market segmentation is not only restricted toDietary Supplements, Fortified Food and Beverage, Infant Formula, Pharmaceuticals, Pet Foods, Othersbut also includes the sub segments which also contributes to the market growth and development. The geographical prominence of the Marine Omega-3 market is categorized into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Again the market data is not restricted to regional presence but every prominent country-wise data is also included for understanding the Marine Omega-3 market in-depth.

Certain conditions that were considered while making Marine Omega-3 market data analysis include the current market situation, if any kind of restrictions were imposed by any of the regulatory bodies that would have impacted the market growth or development in any kind, the investments that are being made for the market development, for instance, the research and development activities, among others. This extensive data on the Marine Omega-3 market will prove constructive for all the existing industry players and the new market entrants to improve their decision-making skills to improve their position in the global Marine Omega-3 market.

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Significant aspects of the Reports and Main Highlights:

A detailed look at the Marine Omega-3 Industry Changing business trends in the global Marine Omega-3 market Detailed market bifurcation analysis at different level such as type, application, end user, Regions / countries Historical and forecast size of the Marine Omega-3 market in terms of Revenue (USD Million) Recent industry development and market trends Competitive Landscape and player positioning analysis for the Marine Omega-3 market Key Product Offerings by Major players and business strategies adopted Niche and Potential segments (ex. types, applications, and regions/countries) anticipated to observed promising growth Key challenges faced by operating players in the market space Analysis of major risks associated with the market operations

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Global Marine Omega-3 Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Marine Animals Source Omega-3, Marine Plant Source Omega-3); By...

Vitamin P: Overview, Benefits, and More – Healthline

Vitamin P is a term that was once used for a group of plant compounds called flavonoids. However, these compounds are not actually vitamins.

There are several types of flavonoids found in fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. They give certain foods their color, provide plants with protection from ultraviolet (UV) rays and infection, and may offer health benefits (1).

This article provides an overview of vitamin P, including info on the different categories of flavonoids, food sources, and possible benefits.

Flavonoids, also known as bioflavonoids, are a family of polyphenol plant compounds with six subclasses. There are currently over 6,000 known flavonoids (2).

When first extracted from an orange by scientists in 1930, they were thought to be a new type of vitamin and, therefore, named vitamin P. This name is no longer used, as flavonoids are not vitamins (1).

Flavonoids exist in plants to help prevent infection, protect against the sun and environmental stresses, and attract insects for pollination. Theyre also responsible for the color of many deep-colored fruits and vegetables, such as berries, cherries, and tomatoes (1).

Here are the major classes of flavonoids and their food sources:

The major classes of flavonoids include flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. Different types of flavonoids are abundant in fruits, vegetables, red wine, cocoa, and teas.

Flavonoids are thought to offer a variety of health benefits and help prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases.

Perhaps the best-studied function of flavonoids is their ability to act as antioxidants. They have been shown to reduce the formation of reactive molecules called free radicals, which can lead to cell damage and disease (1, 3).

Most research on the benefits of flavonoids has been conducted in test tubes. Thus, the activity of flavonoids in the body is not well understood.

In fact, its generally thought that theyre poorly absorbed and not very bioavailable.

For one, it appears that your metabolism largely influences the bioavailability of flavonoids in your body. They may also be rapidly excreted (4, 5).

When flavonoids are consumed, theyre broken down into compounds called metabolites. Some of these metabolites may exhibit properties similar to those of the flavonoid from which they were derived, but others do not (4, 5).

Whats more, studies suggest that whether flavonoids are consumed with carbs, proteins, or fats can affect their bioavailability and absorption. These factors are also affected by the composition of your gut bacteria (6, 7).

Thus, its difficult to determine how and whether a particular flavonoid affects human health.

While limitations exist, some human studies suggest that flavonoids have possible health benefits.

Below are some of those benefits, many of which stem from their antioxidant activity, as well as other mechanisms that are not fully understood:

While results from some observational studies suggest that flavonoids may help protect against disease, more extensive research is needed to fully understand how flavonoids affect human health.

Furthermore, this article highlights just a few of the possible health benefits of flavonoids. A growing body of research is examining the functions of flavonoids, as well as the specific classes of flavonoids.

Flavonoids are thought to offer a number of health benefits, but most research has been conducted in test tubes. Some observational studies in humans suggest that they may boost brain health and decrease the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Currently, there is no Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for flavonoids, as theyre not considered essential for human development. A diet rich in healthy, whole foods will naturally contain flavonoids and contribute to good health (11).

Therefore, supplemental versions are unnecessary, but they do exist. Some of the most common flavonoid supplements include quercetin, flavonoid complexes, and rutin (12).

Theres no standardized dosage for flavonoid supplements, and each kind may have specific instructions for its use. The side effects and potential dangers of many of these supplements are unknown.

Experts warn that while theres no risk of toxicity from the amount of flavonoids commonly consumed through food, there may be risks associated with high dose supplements (11).

High doses of flavonoids may negatively affect thyroid function, interact with medications, and affect levels of other nutrients in your body (12).

Whats more, supplements are not tightly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, therefore, can be contaminated or contain amounts of flavonoids that differ from whats reported on their labels.

Finally, many research studies have shown that eating whole foods that contain certain nutrients offer greater benefits than their supplement-form counterparts.

If you want to try a supplement, consult your healthcare provider, especially if youre pregnant or breastfeeding.

Flavonoids are widely available in foods, but supplements are available. These supplements are not regulated and may have unknown harmful side effects. Always consult a healthcare provider before trying one.

Flavonoids, once known as vitamin P, are a large class of plant compounds found in deeply colored fruits, vegetables, cocoa, tea, and wine.

Studies suggest that they act as antioxidants and may help protect against chronic diseases. However, the beneficial effects of flavonoids in the human body may be limited by metabolism and other factors.

To reap the possible benefits of flavonoids, eat a variety of plant foods. Supplements are also available, but they should only be taken after consulting a healthcare provider, as their effects are not well understood.

Eating a variety of whole foods that are good sources of flavonoids is likely more beneficial to your overall health.

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Vitamin P: Overview, Benefits, and More - Healthline

Increase in the Adoption of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements to Propel the Growth of the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Between 2020-2030 – 3rd…

The research study presented here is a brilliant compilation of different types of analysis of critical aspects of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. It sheds light on how the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market is expected to grow during the course of the forecast period. With SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces analysis, it gives a deep explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market and different players operating therein. The authors of the report have also provided qualitative and quantitative analyses of several microeconomic and macroeconomic factors impacting the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. In addition, the research study helps to understand the changes in the industry supply chain, manufacturing process and cost, sales scenarios, and dynamics of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market.

Each player studied in the report is profiled while taking into account its production, market value, sales, gross margin, market share, recent developments, and marketing and business strategies. Besides giving a broad study of the drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, the report offers an individual, detailed analysis of important regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Furthermore, important segments of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market are studied in great detail with key focus on their market share, CAGR, and other vital factors.

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Market Participants

The market participants in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market identified across the value chain include

among the manufacturers of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements across the globe.

Opportunities for the Market Participants in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market

The rising concerns over the animal or based products and protein, growing vegan population, enriching preference for meat alternatives, propelling demand for healthy and nutritional products has made Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market popular in various regions of the world. Rising health consciousness, surging food and beverages industry and booming economy are some of the reasons behind the growth of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market in the forecasted period.

Outpouring demand for nutritional and functionally augmented processed food products are driving the growth of the market. Some of the factors like diseases caused due to feeding fortification, and vitamin deficiencies, increased per-capita income and increased health awareness among people, rising incidence of obesity and related diseases is making consumers opt for food and beverages products that are low in fat and rich in minerals, are fueling the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market growth

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Table of Contents Covered In Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Are:

Industry Overview: The first section of the research study touches on an overview of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, market status and outlook, and product scope. Additionally, it provides highlights of key segments of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, i.e. regional, type, and application segments.

Competition Analysis: Here, the report brings to light important mergers and acquisitions, business expansions, product or service differences, market concentration rate, the competitive status of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, and market size by player.

Company Profiles and Key Data: This section deals with the company profiling of leading players of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market on the basis of revenue, products, business, and other factors mentioned earlier.

Market Size by Type and Application: Besides offering a deep analysis of the size of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market by type and application, this section provides a study on top end users or consumers and potential applications.

North America Market: Here, the report explains the changes in the market size of North America by application and player.

Europe Market: This section of the report shows how the size of the Europe market will change in the next few years.

China Market: It gives analysis of the China market and its size for all the years of the forecast period.

Rest of Asia Pacific Market: The Rest of Asia Pacific market is analyzed in quite some detail here on the basis of application and player.

Central and South America Market: The report explains the changes in the size of the Central and South America market by player and application.

MEA Market: This section shows how the size of the MEA market will change during the course of the forecast period.

Market Dynamics: Here, the report deals with the drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. This section also includes the Porters Five Forces analysis.

Research Findings and Conclusion: It gives powerful recommendations for new as well as established players for securing a position of strength in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market.

Methodology and Data Source: This section includes the authors list, a disclaimer, research approach, and data sources.

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Key Questions Answered in Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Report are:

Research Methodology of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements

Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Report uses trustworthy primary and secondary research sources to compile its reports. It also relies on latest research techniques to prepare highly detailed and accurate research studies such as this one here. It uses data triangulation, top down and bottom up approaches, and advanced research processes to come out with comprehensive and industry-best market research reports.

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Increase in the Adoption of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements to Propel the Growth of the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Between 2020-2030 - 3rd...

Nutribio aims to beat Brexit with 2.5m food facility in Cork – Business Post

Nutribio, the Cork-based animal nutrition business, will open a 2.5 million facility in Little Island later this year to manufacture high-value food supplements for export markets.

Donal OSullivan, chief executive at Co-Operative Animal Health (Cahl), Nutribios parent company, said the 20,000-square-foot facility was part of its Brexit-proofing strategy.

He said the move would enable Nutribio to target new export markets and attract British clients looking for a manufacturing partner in the EU.

Brexit will be a much bigger challenge for us than Covid-19. The pandemic caused some supply chain issues for us, but we would see it as a temporary problem, whereas Brexit is long term, OSullivan said.

The impact of Brexit on the agri-food sector in Ireland could be transformational, he added, particularly in the event of a no-deal outcome.

We could be looking at additional tariffs on food exported to the UK and that could hit producers here. If farmers in Ireland are hit hard, that would have a knock-on effect on our business, he said.

The new facility, which will open later this year, would allow Nutribio to pick up high-value contracts overseas, OSullivan said.

We want to build up our export business more and talk to companies in the UK to see if we can do work for them, because well be in the EU. Those are the two ways were trying to fight our way out of Brexit, he said.

Nutribio makes nutritional products primarily for cattle farmers in the beef and dairy sector, but also for pig and sheep farmers worldwide.

The company sells its own products, including Immuboost and Ruminlix, through distributors such as Origin in the North and Wynnstay Group in Britain.

It is also a contract manufacturer, developing, manufacturing and packaging animal nutrition products on an outsourced basis for clients in Ireland and overseas, such as Techmix and Tonosity.

We make concentrate products. Our history has been to sell into the Irish market. About 50 per cent of cows here eat something out of our factory, OSullivan said.

Thats still our core business, but in more recent years weve started to get involved in international business and export.

OSullivan said Nutribio exported to about 40 countries, including Britain, France, Germany and Hungary.

More recently weve gone into Pakistan where there is less competition, he said. Were targeting places where our competitors are less active and engaged.

Were selling in countries in east Africa through the Irish governments Africa Agri-Food Development Programme (AADP). Thats about helping small farmers to look after their animals better and maximise their potential. Its been quite a success for us and quite a valuable piece of business.

Nutribio is the animal nutrition arm of Cahl, which is owned jointly by Dairygold and Glanbia. The company was formed in 1998 following the merger of Master Farm Nutrition, a Cahl subsidiary, and Preference Products, the Cork-based subsidiary of British animal feed business Rumenco.

Nutribio employs just over 40 people and is a client company of Enterprise Ireland, the state agency.

I think people underestimate the value of the education Enterprise Ireland offers, OSullivan said.

Weve taken part in their Leadership 4 Growth and Innovation 4 Growth programmes and they helped us to create a culture, a common understanding and language.

It means that when we are talking to potential clients who are heavily invested in innovation, they can see that we know what were talking about. Its opened up opportunities for us.

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Nutribio aims to beat Brexit with 2.5m food facility in Cork - Business Post

The Covid-19 opportunity for Ayurveda – Fortune India

The Coronavirus crisis has reminded people of the necessity of staying healthy. A special emphasis has been on building immunity. The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) had also issued an advisory on boosting immunity. Among the measures suggested: drink warm water throughout the day, or a herbal tea (kadha)a concoction of tulsi (Indian basil), dalchini (cinnamon), kalimirch (black pepper), shunthi (dry ginger), munnaka (raisin) and golden milk (half a teaspoon of turmeric in hot milk).

There has been a 1.2x spike in online searches for health and immunity, says a recent survey by Facebook India and the Boston Consulting Group. It adds that 49% consumers intend to buy more vitamins, herbs and supplements in the coming days.

Across the world, people are gravitating towards proactive and preventive healthcare, driving the demand for food supplements and immunity boosters. A recent Invest India report, titled Invigorating Ayurveda in the times of Covid-19, says that the pandemic has dramatically increased consumer demand for dietary supplements that improve nutrition, assist with sleep and stress relief, support strong immune function and improve resistance to health threats. The national investment promotion and facilitation agency adds that a growing geriatric population and its increased awareness of nutritional values and preventive healthcare has further augmented the global herbal supplements market, which is expected to expand to $8.5 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 6.2%.

Himalaya Drug Company, a leader in the nutrition and wellness segment, has confirmed that during the lockdown, there has been a significant increase in demand for immunity and wellness products containing pure herbs such as guduchi, tulsi, amalaki, and ashwagandha, among others, along with propriety formulations such as Septilin and Immusante, the report says.

Despite being a millennia-old tradition, the Ayurveda industry is actually at a nascent stage and therefore, primed for investments in several areas that are sure to yield high returns. The governments approval for 100% foreign direct investment in the sector has opened doors for all stakeholders to work together to harness Ayurvedas potential in India and across the world, says the Invest India report.

The report identifies investment opportunities in two categories: standardisation and marketing. Product standardisation, the report says, must be the first area of investment both nationally and globally. While Ayurvedic remedies are popular in India, the near absence of standardisation does not permit wider acceptability of Ayurveda products.

Globally, the lack of international licensing norms makes it difficult to push the products overseas. It becomes nearly impossible to prove the safety, purity and efficacy of Ayurveda products which leads to insufficient market penetration, the report says. Selling the products globally in the absence of licensing norms is also expensive for manufacturers. Since there are no standardisation norms in India that could be presented to overseas regulations bodies before sale in those countries, manufacturers have to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in clinical trials that match each countrys certification norms.

Coming to marketing, the report says that proven knowledge of Ayurvedas benefits needs to be disseminated widely in order to develop a global interest in the sector. The demand for all-natural and herbal products has led to some Indian startups using Ayurveda to solve contemporary problems, the report says, citing the example of the women-focussed &Me.

The other problem the industry faces, according to the report, is that Ayurveda is not that well understood. Helping people globally better understand the benefits of Ayurveda, clearly articulating its proven records and how it fits into ones life are key first steps that can greatly improve Ayurvedas reception in the global market.

The report suggests that one marketing strategy could be developing products with specific target audiences, say for example senior citizens. Another option is to use digital platforms to target audiences and tailor products to their needs. The report suggests that the 70-million-strong global yoga audience be targeted by the Ayurveda industry.

These investments, the report says, will allow Ayurveda to evolve itself to a form that is cognisant of the needs and trends of new generations.

The good thing is that the total value of Ayurvedic and herbal exports has been steadily rising since 2015, and was at $446 million in FY19, according to Statista. According to leading player Baidyanath Group, India roughly exports about 5% of its manufactured products every year. Exports usually include ingredients or single-ingredient products, the report says.

Just how big is the Ayurvedic market? According to a 2019 report by Maximize Market Research, the global Ayurvedic market was valued at $4.57 billion in 2017, and was forecast to touch $14.62 billion, at a CAGR of 16.14%.

What is significant is that India is one of the largest producers of raw materials for Ayurveda products. The ingredients used in in Ayurvedic products are almost entirely sourced from India. For example, turmeric is sourced from the North-East, while saffron comes from Kashmir. Some specialised ingredients, though, are sourced from Indonesia. As herbal medicines become mainstream in many developed countries, India can emerge as a strong market leader for herb-derived drugs and dietary supplements. The sale of turmeric, for instance, is increasing manifold every year and India, as one of the largest cultivators of this anti-allergen, can use this opportunity to establish its presence as a preferred global supplier of such raw materials used in the production of natural and Ayurvedic products, the Invest India report says.

The report concludes that the pandemic has reminded us that our bodys immunity is our first and best line of defence. Healthy living and good nutrition are crucial for self-preservation. It predicts that Ayurveda is poised to re-enter our lives in unique ways. This ancient wisdom has taught us that the more things change, the more they stay the same.

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The Covid-19 opportunity for Ayurveda - Fortune India

Global Laminarin Market 2020 COVID-19 Updated Analysis By Product (20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others); By Application (Food &…

Laminarin Industry Overview Competitive Analysis, Regional and Global Analysis, Segment Analysis, Market Forecasts 2026

TheLaminarin marketreport begins with the market overview/market definition and the market scope. This helps in understanding what exactly is the report study dealing with. The next section includes the target audience of the Laminarin market. It is very important for the clients to understand what type of users or what kind of consumers deal with Laminarin market in order to determine their focus goals.

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In the last section, the Laminarin market report incorporates detailed information on the demand & supply chain analysis, import and export, industry size, sales volume, market shares, as well as value analysis of all the industry players operating in the Laminarin market. Some of the major market players that are included areShaanxi Huike Botanical, Hangzhou Skyherb Technologies, Shaanxi Senfu, Xian SR Bio, Xian Tianrui Biotechnology, Guilin Fengrunlai Biotech, Nutra Green, Xian Yunuo, Xian Haijia. Each market player is profiles in detail within the report by the research analysts.

In the next section, the Laminarin market report includes the research tools and methodologies that were incorporated while studying the Laminarin market. For instance, Porters Five Force analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, top-down or the bottom-up approach that was used for market data analysis. It also includes details about the primary research and the secondary research that were conducted by the research analysts.

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The next major section of the Laminarin market study includes the market segmentation. To understand any market with ease the market is segregated into segments, such as its product type, application, technology, end-use industry. By dividing the market into small components helps in understanding the market with more clarity. The market segments of the Laminarin market includes{20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others}; {Food & Beverages, Dietary Supplements, Others}. The data that is provided within the study is both quantitative and qualitative. Data is represented with the help of tables and figures that include graphical representation of the numbers in the form of histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, etc.

Another major segment of the Laminarin market is its geographical presence on the global platform. The major regions that have been considered include Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Middle East and Africa. The Laminarin market study is not restricted to regional level but also includes country-wise data.

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Major Advantages for Laminarin Market:

Well-organized description of the international Laminarin market along with the ongoing inclinations and future considerations to reveal the upcoming investment areas. The all-inclusive market feasibility is examined to figure out the profit-making trends to obtain the most powerful foothold in the Laminarin industry. The Laminarin market report covers data which reveal major drivers, constraints, and openings with extensive impact analysis. The current market is quantitatively reviewed from 2019 to 2028 to pinpoint the monetary competency of the global Laminarin market. Last but not least, PORTERS Five Forces Analysis shows the effectiveness of the customers and providers from a global perspective.

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Global Laminarin Market 2020 COVID-19 Updated Analysis By Product (20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others); By Application (Food &...

FNB News – Impact on the nutraceuticals industry amidst the pandemic | FNB News – fnbnews.com

While the world was battling with various geopolitical, economic and religious issues, a virus rapidly crept in and helped us realise what really matters. Health indeed is the only wealth we have. As over eight lakh people are infected with the novel Corona virus or Covid-19 (with the number increasing at an alarming rate), the path to build immunity is crucial to fight the virus. And it is no secret that the role of nutrients in supporting the immune system is extremely important. However, this is not easing commercial woes for the nutraceuticals industry.

A lowdown on the lockdownMajor organisations across the world are facing a financial crunch, and it is not surprising that the nutraceuticals industry has an arduous journey ahead. Not only are various expos and international meets getting postponed (with a bleak chance of resuming), the export and trade relations between countries are on a complete halt, and maybe even strained, posing a threat to the manufacturing process.

Meanwhile, government restrictions have not made it easy on the customer front. However, the consumption of potential nutrients and micronutrients like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and B 12, folate, zinc, iron, copper and selenium for immunity defence is pivotal. It is imperative for the government to allow dietary supplements and natural product retailers to remain operational as essential businesses. The dietary industry associations in the US are also urging their government to do the same.

In times like these, having the nutraceuticals industries operate is very important now more than ever. It will get challenging for the government to fulfil the basic nutritional needs of our population of 1.2 billion with minimum labour in such difficult times.

Additionally, food-based nutrition may take a dip, as the prices may hike due to the scarcity, making it challenging for the people falling under low economic strata to sustain their needs. This poses another challenge of being vulnerable to the virus and its spread. Thus, the FSSAI must suggest that nutraceuticals supplements can offer vital nutritional benefits to keep the immune system at its optimal. Additionally, for urban consumers its easy storage will help sustain the healthy habit.

Situational needs of nutraceuticals brandsCovid-19 is presenting an almost never-seen-before situation that will compel nutraceuticals companies to evaluate their supply chains and adapt to new systems faster than ever before. Most companies are running from pillar to post in order to put together a business continuity plan to ensure that their customers remain unaffected or at least, minimally affected.

Given the current market scenario, emerging nutraceuticals brands targeting the preventive healthcare segment must thoroughly understand and ascertain the degree of work that is required to establish consumer trust with regards to the efficacy promise of the brand. There is also a real threat of an unforeseeable crisis that could disrupt a very interdependent and convoluted supply chain.

On the other hand, it is important for dietary supplement brands to not overreact in this situation. In all likelihood (and we hope), that this change and a shift in the policies, consumption and manufacturing may be temporary. While it may impact our business and commercials significantly, it might also fuel the need for supplements for the end-consumer. A key shift in the markets would be that India could be the next big source of raw materials as well as finished goods, as the Chinese trade experiences a slump.

Nutraceuticals brands need to continue doing their best to create awareness amongst the people about the ongoing situation. Most consumers are seeking information through social media. Hence, it becomes important to educate the customers digitally, to ensure this message reaches out in a wider magnitude.

It is also crucial that in this time of crisis, nutraceuticals companies and healthcare service and product providers come together to spread knowledge and not fear, as there is already a lot of panic due to all the fake news available on the Internet, given the disproportionate amount of information asymmetry that exists.

(The author is CEO & director, Purenutrition.me. He can be reached at customercare@purenutrition.me)

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FNB News - Impact on the nutraceuticals industry amidst the pandemic | FNB News - fnbnews.com

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 -…

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Bioflavonoids Supplements Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Bioflavonoids Supplements industry. With the classified Bioflavonoids Supplements market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

The research report of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market is predicted to accrue a significant remuneration portfolio by the end of the predicted time period. It includes parameters with respect to the Bioflavonoids Supplements market dynamics incorporating varied driving forces affecting the commercialization graph of this business vertical and risks prevailing in the sphere. In addition, it also speaks about the Bioflavonoids Supplements Market growth opportunities in the industry.

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Report covers the manufacturers data, including shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including Bioflavonoids Supplements market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market competition by top Manufacturers:

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Classification by Types:

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Size by End-user Application:

Listing a few pointers from the report:

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Cataloging the competitive terrain of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market:

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The report of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Bioflavonoids Supplements Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Bioflavonoids Supplements Market report

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Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 -...

Chitosan Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 – 3rd…

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Chitosan Supplements Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Chitosan Supplements Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Chitosan Supplements industry. With the classified Chitosan Supplements market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

The research report of the Chitosan Supplements market is predicted to accrue a significant remuneration portfolio by the end of the predicted time period. It includes parameters with respect to the Chitosan Supplements market dynamics incorporating varied driving forces affecting the commercialization graph of this business vertical and risks prevailing in the sphere. In addition, it also speaks about the Chitosan Supplements Market growth opportunities in the industry.

Chitosan Supplements Market Report covers the manufacturers data, including shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including Chitosan Supplements market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

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Chitosan Supplements Market Size by End-user Application:

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The objective of the Chitosan Supplements Market Report:

Cataloging the competitive terrain of the Chitosan Supplements market:

Unveiling the geographical penetration of the Chitosan Supplements market:

The report of the Chitosan Supplements market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Chitosan Supplements Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Chitosan Supplements Market report

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage, and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, the market value for regions and countries, and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

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Chitosan Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 - 3rd...

COVID-19 Impact On Global Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Research Report Strategies, Shares, Trends, Growth Analysis Forecast to 2027 – Daily…

"Global Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Assessment Report: Present & Forecast Evaluation"is a comprehensive blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis in terms of Food and Beverage Air Filtration market size, demand, revenue, gross margin, value, and volume. The whole research study is segmented based on regions, product type, application, and top companies operating in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market. The report begins with the introduction on Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry, drivers, restraints, trends, PEST analysis, PORTERs Five Forces analysis. The macro-economic factors, Food and Beverage Air Filtration manufacturing cost, industry chain structure and pricing analysis are conducted. The pandemic impact in terms of production, demand, profit, growth scope is covered in our latest report updated in June 2020.

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The Food and Beverage Air Filtration production, market performance over past and present years, opportunity mapping, investment feasibility and growth orbits are specified in this research report. The regional markets share of every industry player, product type and application is studied which is as follows:

Top Companies Involved in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry are:GEMU Gebr. Muller Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KGDonaldson Company, Inc.Porvair Filtration Group Ltd.Spirax Sarco Engineering PlcParker Domnick HunterAPC Filtration, Inc.General Electric CompanyPall CorporationNano Purification Solution Ltd.Camfil Group3M

Top Product Types Evaluated are:Dust CollectorMist CollectorCartridge CollectorHEPA FilterBaghouse Filter

Top Applications studied are:Food & IngredientsDairyBottled WaterOthers

To derive the vital Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry aspects like market share, revenue, production, demand various primary interviews and interactions are carried out with industry experts like VPs, CEOs, Marketing Managers, R&D Managers, distributors, national sales mangers of top companies. Primary and performance analysis is carried out by interviewing the distributors, traders, dealers and more. The most crucial segment like Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market competition and trends is studied in this report.

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The report evaluates the positive and negative impact of ongoing situations on Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry with forecast opportunities and CAGR value. The historical and present industry situations, market trends, technological innovations, regulations, upcoming technologies, and challenges are covered. The Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market revenue is expected to surpass US$ XX Million by 2021 with a growth rate of xx.xx% from 2021-2027.

Regional Perspective and Food and Beverage Air Filtration Analysis:

The market scope and regional division include North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa, South America, and Rest of the World. The industry presence in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to expand at a good pace due to the increase in production facilities, existing players developing new opportunities and new players emerging in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market. North America is expected to reach a higher market share followed by the European region. Demand for Food and Beverage Air Filtration products and its relevant applications across different market segments is growing rapidly.

Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Analysis Based on Top Companies:

After the market competition and overview by top players, company profiles of every Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry player is provided in detail. This segment covers the company overview, business portfolio, production details & description, vital financials, developments, SWOT analysis, and more. Top companies across the globe are profiled in this research study. The report can be customized based on the users choice and more players can be added as per requirements.

The forecast Food and Beverage Air Filtration industry vision covers the market size estimation, growth driving factors, risk analysis & mitigation, new entrants SWOT analysis, and investment feasibility.

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Penn Museum to remove Morton Cranial Collection from public view after student opposition – The Daily Pennsylvanian

Samuel George Morton's collection of about 1,000 crania will be removed from public display. (Photo by Eric Sucar, University Communications)

Penn Museum will remove the Morton Cranial Collection, a collection of about 1,000 crania with some belonging to enslaved individuals, from public view after students called for the crania to be repatriated.

The collection is the work of Samuel George Morton, an 1820 Perelman School of Medicine graduate who used the skulls of enslaved people to argue that there are inherent differences between the brains of people of different races.

Morton, who is from Philadelphia, was an active participant in the medical and scientific community in the early 19th century.

During the Penn & Slavery Projects 2019 symposium, students presented findings that the Morton Cranial Collection includes 53 crania belonging to enslaved individuals from Havana, Cuba and two crania belonging to enslaved Americans. A portion of the collection is currently in public view in a Center for the Analysis of Archaeological Materials classroom in the Museum.

The collection on display in the CAAM classroom will be removed from public view by the end of the summer, but will still be accessible for research, Williams Director of the Penn Museum Julian Siggers wrote in an email sent to The Daily Pennsylvanian on Wednesday.

Morton used the findings from his cranial collection as a scientific justification for slavery and is known as the founding father of scientific racism, according to Discover Magazine. His research, as described on Penn Museum's website, was taken as proof that Europeans, especially those of German and English ancestry, were intellectually, morally, and physically superior to all other races.

Morton's personal views were largely white supremacist, according to the Museum site, and his work contributed to the development of racist thought through his suggestion of innate hierarchies among different races. Credit: Kylie Cooper The Penn Museum released a statement explaining that the Museum is working to change the racist narratives it was built on.

Biases within the Morton collection have been criticized for years, including in a June guest column in the DP by rising College sophomore Gabriela Alvarado.

Alvarado said the statement the Museum recently released in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement is ironic as it still has the Morton Cranial Collection on display to the public.

The statement reads that the Museum is working to change the racist narratives it was built on.

"Racism has no place in our Museum," the statement reads. Recognizing it was built on colonialism and racist narratives, the Museum wrote it is working to change these narratives and its associated institutional biases.

I think it's really clear that they're not being sincere, Alvarado said. They are fully aware that they have [The Morton Collection], and theyre fully aware that people arent okay with it but they keep it anyway.

In their guest column, Alvarado argued the Museum should repatriate the crania in addition to moving them out of their current public display.

Through the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, the Penn Museum repatriated various Native American crania from the collection. NAGPRA, however, only protects the remains and certain cultural objects of federally recognized tribes, native Alaskan corporations, and native Hawaiian organizations. This leaves many crania in the collection unprotected, allowing the Museum to continue to keep and display the Morton Cranial Collection.

Were committed to exploring what we should do with repatriation of the crania of the enslaved individuals within this collection, Siggers wrote to the DP. He added that the repatriation process it is complicated because there is little information about the individuals other than that Morton acquired them from Cuba.

School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. second-year VanJessica Gladney, who studies history and is a Penn & Slavery Project fellow, said that while she understands that repatriation of the crania may be difficult, she is excited to see the Museum take action.

Im glad theyre committed, Gladney said. So are we. Im excited to start working together.

Alvarado said removing the crania from public view is a good first step, adding that the Museum must do more than consider repatriation.Its going to be tough, but that makes it all the more important, and Im sure there are many people who want to help with repatriation, Alvarado said.

Police Free Penn, a newly formed assembly calling on Penn to abolish policing and transform community safety at the University, has also called for the abolition of the Morton Cranial Collection. School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. third-year Jake Nussbaum, who studies anthropology and is a member of PFP, said entirely abolishing Morton's collection is complicated.

When we say abolish we are talking about finding ways to return all of those remains or either give them proper burials or return them to descendent communities, and that's going to vary a lot from the different communities that are within the collection, he said.

Nussbaum said Penn Museum's plan to remove the collection from display is great, but said any repatriation process should include students and represent the interests of BIPOC communities.

School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. fifth-year, Paul Mitchell, who is also studying anthropology, said that despite the removal of the collection from display, the injustice surrounding Morton's collection should not be forgotten. Facing the injustices embodied in the collection requires a commitment to restorative methodologies which address the impact of the scientific racism Morton helped construct, he said.

Just as these remains were transformed into objects through their collection, they must now be uncollected, [and] recognized as persons, Nussbaum said. Approaching this ethical challenge is as complex as it is crucial.

Get our newsletter, Dear Penn, delivered to your inbox every weekday morning.

On July 2, Penn announced that it will remove the century-old statue of George Whitefield, a former slave owner, from the Quad, and stated it will create a Campus Iconography Group to research and advise the University about memorialization on Penn's campus.

Gladney said that the Morton Cranial Collection should be included in this University-led research endeavor.

It's important to note that many of these remains are traced back to people in descendant communities who would not want their kids on a shelf in the museum, Mitchell said. And the Museum needs to acknowledge that if its going to make statements about solidarity.

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Penn Museum to remove Morton Cranial Collection from public view after student opposition - The Daily Pennsylvanian

National View: Defunding police would only prove that Black lives don’t matter – Duluth News Tribune

Thats because, in the wake of the memorial services, protests, and riots, there has been a steady call for changing the police by defunding them.

On the June 14 edition of Face the Nation, an interview with Seattle Police Chief Carmen Best was prophetically titled, Policing will never be as it was. Truer words have yet to be written.

Chief Best appeared to be at odds with Seattle Mayor Jenny Durkan over how to deal with protesters who created CHAZ, or the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. Later called CHOP, or Capitol Hill Organized Protest, this occupation of several square blocks of the Emerald City best showed how the sides lined up in this raging debate.

While she said there was not a cop-free zone in her city, Bests decision not to forcibly disband the CHAZ/CHOP reflected a hesitancy among departments in dealing with protesters. CHAZ/CHOP insisted they were free of a police presence, and the mayors office wanted only a limited first-responder presence there.

Whichever side had the upper hand, the bottom line was that governments are anxious to avoid the next high-profile police use of deadly force and rioting thereafter. Consider what happened in Atlanta, which was the latest city to suffer arson and vandalism after Rayshard Brooks was killed by an officer there. That officer was immediately fired and charged with murder. Incidents like this will only increase demands for defunding.

Defunding may actually be more of a wish than reality given complex webs of municipal, state, and federal law in addition to civil-service and police-union regulations to be untangled before what is an obviously dangerous goal can be attained. While there still may be cops, however, they may have to deal with significant funding cuts like those already proposed in Los Angeles and New York City.

But people like me safety citizens who value our communities and want to work with authorities to keep them crime-free must take these radical activists at their word. The screaming protesters and slightly less shrill elected officials are demanding defunding. Safety citizens need to make it clear we support fully funded and empowered police departments. Period. And they need to know that we also support punishing rogue officers.

Both safety citizens and police critics hoped earlier community policing policies would be the solution to long-term tensions between law enforcement and urban communities. Its focus on relationship-building at all levels, however, seems to have fallen short of the mark. In fact, it appears that relationship-building between police and the public gave way to calls for diminished police powers and even abolishing the profession altogether.

Defunding proposals couldnt come at a worse time. Culturally, American law enforcement became increasingly unpopular since the 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. This tipping point birthed "de-policing," where officers who feel they are under too much scrutiny cease being proactive for fear of termination or even prosecution by state and federal authorities.

A bitter irony emerges with the rise of Black Lives Matter activism. Less empowered and underfunded police departments will effectively be set up to fail in underserved low-income, high-crime communities. My grassroots security consulting began in such an area. I know firsthand that less-monied and less-empowered departments mean more misery for majority-black communities.

These poorly funded departments already experience personnel shortages and lengthy 911 response times. Residents in the occupied CHAZ/CHOP complained about a lack of first responders. How will matters be made worse by withholding or terminating police budgets there and across America?

Regardless of whether defunding demands are wishful thinking or determined steps toward an abolition of the police profession, one inescapable conclusion remains: Defunding police is defeating public safety. This defeat would be acutely felt in the very communities screaming that black lives matter.

Nadra Enzi is a member of the Project 21 black leadership network and is a grassroots security consultant in New Orleans. He wrote this originally for InsideSources.com.

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National View: Defunding police would only prove that Black lives don't matter - Duluth News Tribune

Who Were The Enslaved People Who Fought For The Abolition Of Slavery? – BBC History Magazine

When the African-American Frederick Douglass who was a towering figure in the history of US slavery and its abolition was born into bondage in 1818, a resurgence in slavery was about to begin in the US, Brazil and Cuba. Indeed, despite 1791s seismic slave uprising in Haiti, which had destroyed that nations slave trade and sown the seeds of defiance across the Americas, slavery remained profitable. Yet by the time Douglass died in 1895, slavery had not only vanished from the Americas but had become universally reviled.

It was a staggering turnaround. In the course of a lifetime, slavery had been overthrown across the western hemisphere. The story of this transformation is a complex, sometimes confusing one and at its heart lie the efforts of slaves themselves.

An undated photograph of African-American abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Born into slavery in 1818, by the time he died in 1895, slavery had been eradicated in the Americas. (Bettmann/Getty Images)

In the early 19th century, enslaved Africans, their offspring and their descendants were ubiquitous across the Americas. Though African slaves travelled with Columbus, and were later settled in the Spanish Caribbean, the enslavement of Africans in the western hemisphere essentially started with the Portuguese traffic of people from the continent early in the 16th century. Slavery did not take secure root until the Portuguese settlement of Brazil and the introduction of sugar plantations there in the late 16th century. Over the next 300 years, more than 12 million Africans were loaded on to slave ships bound for the Americas.

In the 17th century, slavery spread throughout the English and French Caribbean colonies, where slave labour serviced tobacco, cotton and then sugar industries, and in the North American colonies, where enslaved people worked primarily in tobacco and rice cultivation.

In North America, the Caribbean and Brazil, these people formed a mighty, vital force, though elsewhere they were more marginal. All of Europes major colonial powers Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain and France were eager participants in the Atlantic slave trade, and all shipped staggering numbers of Africans across the ocean to tap the bounty of their American possessions.

Until the mid-18th century, this had provoked hardly a whimper of objection or resistance by religious, legal or moral commentators. Yet by the late 19th century those same nations, and their churches, laws and politics, had utterly renounced slavery. The British ended slavery in 1838; the French after earlier false starts followed suit in 1848. The 13th Amendment of 1865 formally ended slavery in the United States, but it continued in Cuba until 1886 and Brazil until 1888.

The slave poachers of earlier centuries had become the aggressive gamekeepers of the 19th century. It was little less than a revolution and the story of the fall of slavery in the Americas is also the story of slave defiance.

Though only one major colony fell to slave revolt Haiti (known then as Saint-Domingue) on Hispaniola it would be wrong to diminish the significance of such defiance. Douglass was often asked why, if slavery was as violent and repressive as he claimed, slaves not did overthrow their oppressors across the Americas as they had in Haiti. The answer, as he knew, was that slavery was a system sustained by draconian control and management.

True, slavery was also sustained by other elements such as inducements and small rewards, but enslaved people everywhere were left in no doubt about what would happen to those who openly resisted. Planters capricious blows and whippings, as well as the daily rigours of plantation life, were reinforced by bloody penal codes in all slave societies. Whenever revolts erupted as they did regularly on Atlantic slave ships and in the colonies suppression was swift and extreme, and invariably out of all proportion to the initial violence of the uprising.

Even so, African slavery was peppered with open revolt across the Americas, though it was less widespread and less violent in North America than in the Caribbean and Brazil. In the long years before the last enslaved Africans stumbled ashore in Cuba in 1867, there were many who were prepared to take a risk and turn to violence in an effort to win liberty. Indeed, many had been enslaved during conflicts in Africa, and brought that combat experience to the Americas.

Though most slave defiance fell well short of open revolt, it remained a feature of all slave societies. Enslaved people dragged their feet at work, feigned ignorance, took revenge on crops and animals, and measured out their days and tasks in ways that suited them, but were always careful not to transgress too flagrantly. Complaints about slave behaviour of apparent laziness, stupidity, inattention and downright disobedience echo through the literature of slave-holding life.

Just as common was the universal sense that slaves could not be trusted. Although slave-owners often lived close to their possessions some even living with them as common-law partners and although many slaveholders felt that they had gained their slaves trust and loyalty, most nursed deep-seated concerns. Time and again, trusted slaves turned: they hit back, ran away and proved disloyal in ways their owners had not expected. Hence there was a widespread, recurring and abiding sense of betrayal among slave-owners.

After the Declaration of Independence of the United States cut that countrys ties from Britain in 1776, the new nations ideals (all Men are created equal) seemed to augur an end to slavery. Yet, ironically, several of the Founding Fathers who drafted and proclaimed those ideals were slave-owners. The American republic ushered in a new form of democracy, while being anchored in slavery. Moreover, slaverys value increased after 1800, thanks to the dramatic impact of the cotton boom in the American South. The United States was, then, born arguing about slavery and those arguments had repercussions throughout the enslaved Caribbean. What followed in Haiti, however, was totally different.

After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Frances most valuable possession, Saint-Domingue, was propelled into a maelstrom of conflicts that lasted from 1791 until the colony gained independence in 1804. Saint-Domingue was worked during that period by around 600,000 enslaved people, a huge proportion of whom had been brought to the colony in the previous ten years. They produced enormous volumes of sugar and coffee; indeed, the value of the French colonys exports exceeded those of Brazil and Mexico combined, and was double that of the entire British Caribbean.

Yet this was a fragile system, powered by an army of recalcitrant slaves owned and supervised by 30,000 white people and a similar number of gens de couleur (people of mixed race). After the outbreak of revolution in the mother country, it rapidly splintered into conflicts with colonial authority and between and among the colonys social groups. Each group fought for its own interest: for dominance (the white population), for an equal role (the gens de couleur) or for freedom (the enslaved population). The French struggled to maintain their colonial control, and revolutionary upheavals and violence swept the colony on an apocalyptic scale.

The conflicts in Haiti destroyed slavery, swallowed invading British and Spanish armies, and devastated the economy. They sent refugees fleeing often with their slaves for the safety of Jamaica, Cuba or the United States; indeed, memorials in the Catholic graveyards of New Orleans and Charleston bear witness to the presence of slave-owners from the French colony. By the time the independent nation of Haiti emerged in 1804, the population of the former Saint-Domingue had fallen by a third and the lush landscape was pockmarked by the ruins of plantations and devastated properties.

However badly damaged it was, though, Haiti was the first independent black nation outside Africa, and its leaders notably Toussaint LOuverture were elevated to heroic status among slaves everywhere. For the enslaved and the freed alike, the complexities of the Haitian revolution were easily distilled into a simple issue: black freedom had been won by the defeat of a colonial system and its imperial armies. Whatever the cost and whatever the flaws, Haitis independence offered a beacon of hope for millions of slaves elsewhere. It was an inspiration for those who yearned for freedom.

An engraving from a British anti-slavery publication of 1826 shows an overseer whipping an exhausted black slave on a plantation, where violence and bloody penal codes subdued resistance (Photo 12/Getty Images)

Slaveholders, naturally, viewed it differently. For them, it was a terrifying tale with a cautionary lesson: slavery was a volatile system, and you tampered with it at your peril. All subsequent slave troubles in Brazil, the Caribbean and the United States were viewed through the historical prism of Haiti, which hardened slaveholders hearts. The events in Saint-Domingue in the late 18th century strengthened slave-owners belief that if you gave slaves an inch they would take an African mile. The story of slave freedom evolved thereafter in the shadow of Haiti.

Throughout the 19th century, violence and unrest preceded or accompanied slave freedom everywhere. The British Caribbean colonies worked by enslaved people had always been volatile, but the first half of the 19th century witnessed large-scale uprisings in Barbados (1816), Demerara (1823) now in Guyana and Jamaica (183132). The last of those, the 11-day rebellion dubbed the Baptist War, came close to defeating the British, and was a sign of the profound changes taking place among the enslaved. The British slave trade had ended in 1807, and enslaved populations increasingly comprised local-born people, growing numbers of whom were Christians. Chapels, slave preachers, the Bible (with its powerful imagery of freedom and salvation) and huge gatherings of enslaved people away from plantations combined to create a radicalising brew. Planters had once feared African defiance; now they worried about enslaved Christians.

Equally, the violent suppression of enslaved Christians caused outrage among fellow worshippers in Britain. Thousands of Christian voices were added to growing demands for an end to slavery, and abolition became a widely popular movement that British parliament was unable to resist though the pill was somewhat sweetened by a growing sense that sugar might be more easily acquired from non-slave sources in Asia.

Economic criticisms of the system, observing that free labour was more economic than slave labour, were not applied to US cotton or Brazilian coffee, however. Both of those huge slave-based industries, which helped transform the western hemisphere in the 19th century, were made possible by new large-scale domestic slave trades that replaced the supply of labour from across the Atlantic. Almost one million slaves were forcibly moved across North America to the southern cotton empire, and an even greater number were transported from older Brazilian settlements to newly developing areas of the country.

The abolition of slavery in the French colonies is proclaimed on 27 April 1848, depicted in a contemporary painting by Franois-Auguste Biard (Heritage Images/Getty Images)

As people were transferred from old slave-powered industries to new slave regions to feed the voracious labour demands of the US cotton and Brazilian coffee plantations, a miserable story of violation and upheavals was repeated, with many families broken up. This reignited slave defiance, so that fugitives and resistance became even more pressing problems for slave-owners. In response, tighter controls and more severe management strategies were implemented to keep the enslaved at their tasks.

This brutal repression by these slaveholding regimes sparked growing outrage among a swelling band of opponents. Christian sensibility was again critical, especially in the US. Though the South found biblical justifications for slavery, the growing tide of criticism was also rooted in American faith, sharpened by evidence of the violence meted out to slaves in their moments of defiance notably fugitives seeking freedom in the North.

The entire story changed with the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, when enslaved people began to tip the balance. They abandoned the plantations in their thousands, undermined the Souths economic ability to fight the war, and provided massive collective evidence if more were needed of their detestation of bondage. For all its military uncertainties, the Civil War proved the coup de grce for US slavery.

A similar pattern was evident across the old Spanish empire in Central and South America. There, wars for independence in the 1810s and 1820s had undermined local slavery, which in other areas had already withered. Numbers of enslaved people were in any case small compared with other regimes: in 1800, there were about 250,000 enslaved people across Spains vast empire, compared with 1.5 million in the US and 1.2 million in Brazil.

War and upheaval proved corrosive to Spanish slavery. The major exception was in Cuba, where initially, at least slavery was revitalised by a massive expansion of tobacco and sugar plantations, thanks in large part to US investment during the 19th century leading to modernisation and industrialisation. Yet there, too, slave insurgency and the inevitable violent repression by planters and colonial authorities fuelled demands for freedom from both slaves and their supporters on the island and in Spain. As with earlier Spanish colonial revolts, Cubans fighting for independence encouraged slave rebellion and flight. Slavery began to unravel in the military and political confusion of the struggle for independence in the second half of the 19th century. Abolition finally came in 1886.

Two years later, Brazil where African slavery had proved so vital to European settlers three centuries before became the last country in the Americas to abandon slavery. Again, warfare and the tumultuous struggle for independence from Portugal (finally achieved in 1822) had provided the backdrop for slave resistance. After independence, revolts continued to punctuate Brazils slave expansion in the 19th century, these uprisings often led by recently imported Africans, many of them Muslims and others with experience of African warfare. The flight of slaves from the plantations to free communities in the wilderness or to the anonymity of the expanding cities was a constant drain on enslaved populations. So, too, was recurring social disorder, allowing slaves to flee from the fighting or to join it. Violence, again, enabled slaves to seize their freedom. Brazils slaves were also backed by a growing band of supporters, mainly urban-dwelling, literate, educated people increasingly outraged that Brazil was the sole Christian nation left sustaining slavery.

Opposition to slavery flourished on both sides of the Atlantic. The outrages of slavery were reported and disseminated in cheap printed publications, and from pulpits and in crowded lecture halls, to an increasingly literate and educated urban population. The voice of popular, often reforming politics turned decisively against slavery. So, too, did churches, which earlier had been silent bystanders.

So, by the end of the 19th century, slavery fell. It had been denounced and reviled by both secular and religious interests but the balance was tipped decisively by the subversion of the slaves themselves. In that transformed climate, the old traditions of slave defiance came into their own. Slaves took their chances, and finally helped to overthrow the system that had held them and their forebears in miserable bondage for so long. It is time we recognised fully the role played by the enslaved themselves in bringing down the slave empires that had lasted for so many shameful centuries.

James Walvin is professor of history emeritus at the University of York. His latest book is Freedom: The Overthrow of the Slave Empires (Robinson, 2019)

This article was taken from issue 16 of BBC World Histories magazine

Link:

Who Were The Enslaved People Who Fought For The Abolition Of Slavery? - BBC History Magazine