HPU Students, Faculty and Staff Recognized for Research and Innovation – High Point University

HIGH POINT, N.C., April 24, 2020 Members of the High Point University community frequently conduct, publish and share research and creative works in a variety of ways. Below is a recap of recent research initiatives.

HPU Biology Professor Leading Student Research on COVID-19

Dr. Davin Townley-Tilson, instructor of biology, is working with students to take the novel coronavirus genome and perform real-time phylogenetic analysis, which compares the new genomes to other coronavirus genomes. This allows students to see how their learnings can be applied in the real-world, while supporting efforts to understand the COVID-19 virus.

We are teaching students crucial genomic and bioinformatic techniques through experiential learning, using real-world data that is incredibly germane to current events, said Townley-Tilson. The students analysis of the novel SARS-CoV-2 genome may serve to be incredibly important for clinicians and scientists who are using this data to produce therapeutics and vaccines against the virus.

The research started in March as part of a class assignment in Townley-Tilsons Principles of Genetics Lab. Although students are currently learning remotely, they were able to monitor and analyze the evolution of the novel coronavirus in real-time through the National Center for Biotechnology Information, a genetic-sequence repository that is part of the National Institute of Health.

The students have been able to observe that, unlike influenza virus or rhinovirus, which are responsible for the flu and common cold, that this novel coronavirus actually mutates relatively slowly, Townley-Tilson said. Using multiple sequence alignment of several CoV-2 isolates, or viral strains, demonstrates the evolution, or mutation rate, of the virus is slow enough to allow for an effective vaccine, something that is exceedingly difficult with most other viruses.

Townley-Tilson plans to use both the teaching methodology and research findings in an upcoming National Science Foundation (NSF) Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) grant proposal.

HPU Faculty Research Recognized by Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior

Dr. Matthew Ritter and Dr. Sarah Vaala, assistant professors of strategic communication in the Nido R. Qubein School of Communication, were recognized by the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior for a co-authored article, titled, Child-Oriented Marketing on Cereal Packaging: Associations with Sugar Content and Manufacturer Pledge.

The research assesses sugar content and child-oriented promotional features on packaging among cereals manufactured by companies with varying Childrens Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) participation.

Consumers often confuse what they consider to be a single serving and what is listed as the products suggested serving size, generally eating more than what is recommended for a healthy diet, Ritter said. Through this research, we found child-oriented features were rare on low-sugar cereals and highest on cereals with higher sugar content per ounce produced by CFBAI-participating companies.

Findings suggest variable cereal-suggested serving sizes may contribute to consumers misunderstanding of sugar content, and CFBAI manufacturers continue to market cereals with high sugar to children.

There is a long history of the food industry being at odds with public health advocates when it comes to child-directed foods, said Vaala. Raising awareness of this issue is important.

HPU Religion Professor Published in Multiple Research Journals

Dr. Joe Blosser, associate professor of religion and philosophy and Robert G. Culp Jr. director of service learning, recently had three separate research articles published in national journals.

Maintaining an active research agenda is critical to being a relevant and innovative teacher who can prepare students for the world as it is going to be, said Blosser. I work at the intersections of economics and religion, helping students understand the ways our faith shapes our world and the economic choices we make.

The Journal of Business Ethics Education published Blossers piece titled, Faith and Ethics at Work: A Study of the Role of Religion in the Teaching and Practice of Workplace Ethics. The research is based on a study Blossers students conducted around young professionals in High Point, through a partnership with the High Point Chamber of Commerce.

This is a practical article that demonstrates how faith works to impact ethical decision-making in the lives of young professionals in High Point, said Blosser. As my students conducted this research, they met these young professionals, and a few of my students even ended up with internships based on the connections they made through these classes.

Secondly, Blosser was featured in Intgrit: A Journal of Faith and Learning, for his work, titled, Johnny Cash: An American Prophet. The article explores how Cashs faith shaped his music and his life, and includes original interviews with his family members.

I grew up in a small town, went to school in Texas and Nashville, and have always loved country music, said Blosser. Cash is a legend and lived out his faith in unique and powerful ways. I love teaching at local churches about Cash because his faith is a relatable way to connect people to the power of Christianity.

The third article, published by the Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, is titled, Relational History: Adam Smiths Types of Human History, which expands on how capitalism has shaped our world.

Adam Smith set the foundations for capitalism as we know it, and this work explores how he understood human development over time, said Blosser.

These three scholarly publications demonstrate Blossers commitment to an active research agenda in Christian ethics and economic thought. As the director of service learning, he uses insights gained from his research to ensure HPU students are doing the kind of service that makes the biggest impact on our local community so they grow to become responsible citizens in a global environment. He is available to local churches and civic groups for lectures on any of these topics.

HPU Faculty Research Recognized with National Award

Dr. Allie Blosser, assistant professor in the Stout School of Education, along with her co-authors Dr. Joe Blosser, HPUs Robert G. Culp Jr. director of service-learning, and Mrs. Pam Greene, volunteer coordinator with Communities in Schools High Point, were recently awarded the Service-Learning and Experiential Education SIG Outstanding Conference Submission Award from the American Educational Research Association (AARA) for research conducted in Blossers honors social scientific inquiry service-learning class.

Their paper, titled, How can I uproot the system?: Justice-oriented outcomes from community-based research in schools, analyzed student learning. The class partnered with local Title I schools to collect data and research topics the local schools wanted to address, like school readiness, parent engagement, teacher morale and student transiency. Then, students presented their recommendations to the schools based on the data they collected and analyzed.

We found that partnering with local Title 1 schools cultivated several justice-oriented learning outcomes for students, like a recognition of deficit perspectives, a deepened understanding of systemic poverty and the ability to distinguish empowering models of service from paternalistic ones, said Blosser. Essentially, the course prepared students for being better stewards in their communities because it taught them how research, as a form of service, can be used to promote positive social change in organizations like schools.

Through a rigorous blind review process by colleagues and experts in the field, Blossers work was identified as exceptional at the level of general AERA conference submission and again by the Service Learning special interest group, which is dedicated to bringing together researchers, practitioners and community partners to build and promote understanding and practice of service-learning and experiential education for the betterment of the field and the reform of PK-20 education, both in the United States and abroad. The AERA Conference is one of the most highly revered conferences in the field of education.

I am thankful to teach at a place like HPU that values experiential education and service learning because I believe that students learn more by doing, said Blosser. In this case, my students learned a lot and simultaneously empowered schools with the research they needed to make informed decisions that will benefit students and families.

HPU Psychology Professor Published in National Journal

Dr. Sarah Ross, assistant professor in the Psychology Department, was recently published in the peer-reviewed, American Psychological Associations The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention for her article, titled, The Suicide Prevention for College Student Gatekeepers Program: A Pilot Study.

American college students are exhibiting increasingly lower levels of mental health and higher levels of anxiety and depression, said Ross. Designed to provide college students with information about the warning signs of suicide, as well as how to intervene when indicated, I worked with a team of students to develop the Suicide Prevention for College Student Gatekeepers training program.

HPU graduate, Megan Deiling, co-authored the article, which highlights the campus suicide prevention program that Ross and colleagues developed based on evidence-based practice in suicide prevention. Ross and her team of student researchers implemented suicide prevention training across HPUs campus, and to-date, have trained over 500 students.

Because of the programs success, Ross and colleagues have received SAMSHA funding to disseminate the program across other campuses in the United States.

HPU Astrophysics Professor, Physics Student Publish Research in Top-Tier Journal

Senior physics major Stephen Walser and Dr. Brad Barlow, associate professor of astrophysics and director of the Culp Planetarium, recently published an article titled, Hot Subdwarf All Southern Sky Fast Transit Survey with the Evryscope, in the Astrophysical Journal,alongwith collaborators from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.The peer-reviewed article presents a survey of 1,400 stars and the discovery of more than two dozen new variable stars, including several rare compact binaries.

We have been working hard on this survey for several years, and its nice to publish our results and share our efforts with others, said Barlow. Stephen played an integral role in helping us nail down the properties of one of these exciting binaries by taking follow-up observations with a remote telescope in Chile.

The work was carried out with the Evryscope, the worlds first gigapixel-scale telescope built by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and deployed on Cerro Tololo in the Chile Andes mountain range. The work was also supported in part by a $349,621 research grant the group received from the National Science Foundation.

This is my first peer-reviewed publication, said Walser. I am grateful for the opportunity to work alongside Barlow and other great astrophysicists and gain this invaluable experience conducting astrophysics research and disseminating science results

Barlow is a member of the Evryscope Science Collaboration and has been working with their team over the past few years to identify and study new variable stars. He also helped advise and served on the Ph.D. committee of the lead author, Jeff Ratzloff.

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HPU Students, Faculty and Staff Recognized for Research and Innovation - High Point University

Global Machine Learning As A Service (Mlaas) Market : Industry Analysis And Forecast (2020-2027) – MR Invasion

Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Marketwas valued about US$ XX Bn in 2019 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 41.7% over the forecast period, to reach US$ 11.3 Bn in 2027.

The report study has analyzed revenue impact of covid-19 pandemic on the sales revenue of market leaders, market followers and disrupters in the report and same is reflected in our analysis.

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Market Definition:

Machine learning as a service (MLaaS) is an array of services that offer ML tools as part of cloud computing services. MLaaS helps clients profit from machine learning without the cognate cost, time and risk of establishing an in-house internal machine learning team.The report study has analyzed revenue impact of covid-19 pandemic on the sales revenue of market leaders, market followers and disrupters in the report and same is reflected in our analysis.

Machine Learning Service Providers:

Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market

Market Dynamics:

The scope of the report includes a detailed study of global and regional markets for Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market with the analysis given with variations in the growth of the industry in each regions. Large and SMEs are focusing on customer experience management to keep a complete and robust relationship with their customers by using customer data. So, ML needs to be integrated into enterprise applications to control and make optimal use of this data. Retail enterprises are shifting their focus to customer buying patterns with the rising number of e-commerce websites and the digital revolution in the retail industry. This drives the need to track and manage the inventory movement of items, which can be done using MLaaS. The use of MLaaS by retail enterprises for inventory optimization and behavioral tracking is expected to have a positive impact on global market growth.Apart from this, the growing trend of digitization is driving the growth of the MLaaS market globally. Growth in adoption of cloud-based platforms is expected to positively impact the growth of the MLaaS market. However, a lack of qualified and skilled persons is believed to be the one of the challenges before the growth of the MLaaS market. Furthermore, increasing concern toward data privacy is anticipated to restrain the development of the global market.

Market Segmentation:

The report will provide an accurate prediction of the contribution of the various segments to the growth of the Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market size. Based on organization size, SMEs segment is expected to account for the largest XX% market share by 2027. SMEs businesses are also projected to adopt machine learning service. With the help of predictive analytics ML, algorithms not only give real-time data but also predict the future. Machine learning solutions are used by SME businesses for fine-tuning their supply chain by predicting the demand for a product and by suggesting the timing and quantity of supplies vital for satisfying the customers expectations.

Regional Analysis:

The report offers a brief analysis of the major regions in the MLaaS market, namely, Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East & Africa.North America play an important role in MLaaS market, with a market size of US$ XX Mn in 2019 and will be US$ XX Mn in 2027, with a CAGR of XX% followed by Europe. Most of the machine learning as service market companies are based in the U.S and are contributing significantly in the growth of the market. The Asia-Pacific has been growing with the highest growth rate because of rising investment, favorable government policies and growing awareness. In 2017, Google launched the Google Neural Machine Translation for 9 Indian languages which use ML and artificial neural network to upsurges the fluency as well as accuracy in their Google Translate.

Recent Development:

The MMR research study includes the profiles of leading companies operating in the Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaas) Market. Companies in the global market are more focused on enhancing their product and service helps through various strategic approaches. The ML providers are competing by launching new product categories, with advanced subscription-based platforms. The companies have adopted the strategy of version up gradations, mergers and acquisitions, agreements, partnerships, and strategic collaborations with regional and global players to achieve high growth in the MLaaS market.

Such as, in April 2019, Microsoft developed a platform that uses machine teaching to help deep strengthening learning algorithms tackle real-world problems. Microsoft scientists and product inventors have pioneered a complementary approach called ML. This relies on people know how to break a problem into easier tasks and give ML models important clues about how to find a solution earlier.

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The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants by region. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors by region on the market has been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers.

The report also helps in understanding Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments and projects the Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by Application, price, financial position, Product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market make the report investors guide.Scope of the Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market

Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market, By Component

Software ServicesGlobal Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market, By Organization Size

Large Enterprises SMEsGlobal Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market, By End-Use Industry

Aerospace & Defense IT & Telecom Energy & Utilities Public sector Manufacturing BFSI Healthcare Retail OthersGlobal Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market, By Application

Marketing & Advertising Fraud Detection & Risk Management Predictive analytics Augmented & Virtual reality Natural Language processing Computer vision Security & surveillance OthersGlobal Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market, By Region

Asia Pacific North America Europe Latin America Middle East AfricaKey players operating in Global Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Market

Ersatz Labs, Inc. BigML Yottamine Analytics Hewlett Packard Amazon Web Services IBM Microsoft Sift Science, Inc. Google AT&T Fuzzy.ai SAS Institute Inc. FICO Predictron Labs Ltd.

MAJOR TOC OF THE REPORT

Chapter One: Machine Learning as a Service Market Overview

Chapter Two: Manufacturers Profiles

Chapter Three: Global Machine Learning as a Service Market Competition, by Players

Chapter Four: Global Machine Learning as a Service Market Size by Regions

Chapter Five: North America Machine Learning as a Service Revenue by Countries

Chapter Six: Europe Machine Learning as a Service Revenue by Countries

Chapter Seven: Asia-Pacific Machine Learning as a Service Revenue by Countries

Chapter Eight: South America Machine Learning as a Service Revenue by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Revenue Machine Learning as a Service by Countries

Chapter Ten: Global Machine Learning as a Service Market Segment by Type

Chapter Eleven: Global Machine Learning as a Service Market Segment by Application

Chapter Twelve: Global Machine Learning as a Service Market Size Forecast (2019-2026)

Browse Full Report with Facts and Figures of Machine Learning as a Service Market Report at:https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-machine-learning-as-a-service-mlaas-market/55511/

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Global Machine Learning As A Service (Mlaas) Market : Industry Analysis And Forecast (2020-2027) - MR Invasion

Is Machine Learning Model Management The Next Big Thing In 2020? – Analytics India Magazine

ML and its services are only going to extend their influence and push the boundaries to new realms of the technology revolution. However, deploying ML comes with great responsibility. Though efforts are being made to shed its black box reputation, it is crucial to establish trust in both in-house teams and stakeholders for a fairer deployment. Companies have started to take machine learning model management more seriously now. Recently, a machine learning company Comet.ml, based out of Seattle and founded in 2017, announced that they are making a $4.5 million investment to bring state-of-the-art meta-learning capabilities to the market.

The tools developed by Comet.ml enable data scientists to track, compare, monitor, and optimise model development. Their announcement of an additional $4.5 million investment from existing investors Trilogy Equity Partners and Two Sigma Ventures is aimed at boosting their plans to domesticate the use of machine learning model management techniques to more customers.

Since their product launch in 2018, Comet.ml has partnered with top companies like Google, General Electric, Boeing and Uber. This elite list of customers use comet.al services, which have enterprise-level toolkits, and are used to train models across multiple industries spanning autonomous vehicles, financial services, technology, bioinformatics, satellite imagery, fundamental physics research, and more.

Talking about this new announcement, one of the investors, Yuval Neeman of Trilogy Equity Partners, reminded that the professionals from the best companies in the world choose Comet and that the company is well-positioned to become the de-facto Machine Learning development platform.

This platform, says Neeman, allows customers to build ML models that bring significant business value.

According to a report presented by researchers at Google, there are several ML-specific risk factors to account for in system design, such as:

Debugging all these issues require round the clock monitoring of the models pipeline. For a company that implements ML solutions, it is challenging to manage in-house model mishaps.

If we take the example of Comet again, its platform provides a central place for the team to track their ML experiments and models, so that they can compare and share experiments, debug and take decisive actions on underperforming models with great ease.

Predictive early stopping is a meta-learning functionality not seen in any other experimentation platforms, and this can be achieved only by building on top of millions of public models. And this is where Comets enterprise products come in handy. The freedom of experimentation that these meta learning-based platforms offer is what any organisation would look up to. Almost all ML-based companies would love to have such tools in their arsenal.

Talking about saving the resources, Comet.ml in their press release, had stated that their platform led to the improvement of model training time by 30% irrespective of the underlying infrastructure, and stopped underperforming models automatically, which reduces cost and carbon footprint by 30%.

Irrespective of the underlying infrastructure, it stops underperforming models automatically, which reduces cost and carbon footprint by 30%.

The enterprise offering also includes Comets flagship visualisation engine, which allows users to visualise, explain, and debug model performance and predictions, and a state-of-the-art parameter optimisation engine.

When building any machine learning pipeline, data preparation requires operations like scraping, sampling, joining, and plenty of other approaches. These operations usually accumulate haphazardly and result in what the software engineers would like to call a pipeline jungle.

Now, add in the challenge of forgotten experimental code in the code archives. Things only get worse. The presence of such stale code can malfunction, and an algorithm that runs this malfunctioning code can crash stock markets and self-driving cars. The risks are just too high.

So far, we have seen the use of ML for data-driven solutions. Now the market is ripe for solutions that help those who have already deployed machine learning. It is only a matter of time before we see more companies setting up their meta-learning shops or partner with third-party vendors.

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Is Machine Learning Model Management The Next Big Thing In 2020? - Analytics India Magazine

Could Machine Learning Replace the Entire Weather Forecast System? – HPCwire

Just a few months ago, a series of major new weather and climate supercomputing investments were announced, including a 1.2 billion order for the worlds most powerful weather and climate supercomputer and a tripling of the U.S. operational supercomputing capacity for weather forecasting. Weather and climate modeling are among the most power-hungry use cases for supercomputers, and research and forecasting agencies often struggle to keep up with the computing needs of models that are, in many cases, simulating the atmosphere of the entire planet as granularly and as regularly as possible.

What if that all changed?

In a virtual keynote for the HPC-AI Advisory Councils 2020 Stanford Conference, Peter Dueben outlined how machine learning might (or might not) begin to augment and even, eventually, compete with heavy-duty, supercomputer-powered climate models. Dueben is the coordinator for machine learning and AI activities at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), a UK-based intergovernmental organization that houses two supercomputers and provides 24/7 operational weather services at several timescales. ECMWF is also the home of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS), which Dueben says is probably one of the best forecast models in the world.

Why machine learning at all?

The Earth, Dueben explained, is big. So big, in fact, that apart from being laborious, developing a representational model of the Earths weather and climate systems brick-by-brick isnt achieving the accuracy that you might imagine. Despite the computing firepower behind weather forecasting, most models remain at a 10 kilometer resolution that doesnt represent clouds, and the chaotic atmospheric dynamics and occasionally opaque interactions further complicate model outputs.

However, on the other side, we have a huge number of observations, Dueben said. Just to give you an impression, ECMWF is getting hundreds of millions of observations onto the site every day. Some observations come from satellites, planes, ships, ground measurements, balloons This data collected over the last several decades constituted hundreds of petabytes if simulations and climate modeling results were included.

If you combine those two points, we have a very complex nonlinear system and we also have a lot of data, he said. Theres obviously lots of potential applications for machine learning in weather modeling.

Potential applications of machine learning

Machine learning applications are really spread all over the entire workflow of weather prediction, Dueben said, breaking that workflow down into observations, data assimilation, numerical weather forecasting, and post-processing and dissemination. Across those areas, he explained, machine learning could be used for anything from weather data monitoring to learning the underlying equations of atmospheric motions.

By way of example, Dueben highlighted a handful of current, real-world applications. In one case, researchers had applied machine learning to detecting wildfires caused by lightning. Using observations for 15 variables (such as temperature, soil moisture and vegetation cover), the researchers constructed a machine learning-based decision tree to assess whether or not satellite observations included wildfires. The team achieved an accuracy of 77 percent which, Deuben said, doesnt sound too great in principle, but was actually quite good.

Elsewhere, another team explored the use of machine learning to correct persistent biases in forecast model results. Dueben explained that researchers were examining the use of a weak constraint machine learning algorithm (in this case, 4D-Var), which is a kind of algorithm that would be able to learn this kind of forecast error and correct it in the data assimilation process.

We learn, basically, the bias, he said, and then once we have learned the bias, we can correct the bias of the forecast model by just adding forcing terms to the system. Once 4D-Var was implemented on a sample of forecast model results, the biases were ameliorated. Though Dueben cautioned that the process is still fairly simplistic, a new collaboration with Nvidia is looking into more sophisticated ways of correcting those forecast errors with machine learning.

Dueben also outlined applications in post-processing. Much of modern weather forecasting focuses on ensemble methods, where a model is run many times to obtain a spread of possible scenarios and as a result, probabilities of various outcomes. We investigate whether we can correct the ensemble spread calculated from a small number of ensemble members via deep learning, Dueben said. Once again, machine learning when applied to a ten-member ensemble looking at temperatures in Europe improved the results, reducing error in temperature spreads.

Can machine learning replace core functionality or even the entire forecast system?

One of the things that were looking into is the emulation of different permutation schemes, Dueben said. Chief among those, at least initially, have been the radiation component of forecast models, which account for the fluxes of solar radiation between the ground, the clouds and the upper atmosphere. As a trial run, Dueben and his colleagues are using extensive radiation output data from a forecast model to train a neural network. First of all, its very, very light, Dueben said. Second of all, its also going to be much more portable. Once we represent radiation with a deep neural network, you can basically port it to whatever hardware you want.

Showing a pair of output images, one from the machine learning model and one from the forecast model, Dueben pointed out that it was hard to notice significant differences and even refused to tell the audience which was which. Furthermore, he said, the model had achieved around a tenfold speedup. (Im quite confident that it will actually be much better than a factor of ten, Dueben said.)

Dueben and his colleagues have also scaled their tests up to more ambitious realms. They pulled hourly data on geopotential height (Z500) which is related to air pressure and trained a deep learning model to predict future changes in Z500 across the globe using only that historical data. For this, no physical understanding is really required, Dueben said, and it turns out that its actually working quite well.

Still, Dueben forced himself to face the crucial question.

Is this the future? he asked. I have to say its probably not.

There were several reasons for this. First, Dueben said, the simulations were unstable, eventually blowing up if they were stretched too far. Second of all, he said, its also unknown how to increase complexity at this stage. We only have one field here. Finally, he explained, there were only forty years of sufficiently detailed data with which to work.

Still, it wasnt all pessimism. Its kind of unlikely that its going to fly and basically feed operational forecasting at one point, he said. However, having said this, there are now a number of papers coming out where people are looking into this in a much, much more complicated way than we have done with really sophisticated convolutional networks and they get, actually, quite good results. So who knows!

The path forward

The main challenge for machine learning in the community that were facing at the moment, Dueben said, is basically that we need to prove now that machine learning solutions can really be better than conventional tools and we need to do this in the next couple of years.

There are, of course, many roadblocks to that goal. Forecasting models are extraordinarily complicated; iterations on deep learning models require significant HPC resources to test and validate; and metrics of comparison among models are unclear. Dueben also outlined a series of major unknowns in machine learning for weather forecasting: could our explicit knowledge of atmospheric mechanisms be used to improve a machine learning forecast? Could researchers guarantee reproducibility? Could the tools be scaled effectively to HPC? The list went on.

Many scientists are working on these dilemmas as we speak, Dueben said, and Im sure we will have an enormous amount of progress in the next couple of years. Outlining a path forward, Dueben emphasized a mixture of a top-down and a bottom-up approach to link machine learning with weather and climate models. Per his diagram, this would combine neutral networks based on human knowledge of earth systems with reliable benchmarks, scalability and better uncertainty quantification.

As far as where he sees machine learning for weather prediction in ten years?

It could be that machine learning will have no long-term effect whatsoever that its just a wave going through, Dueben mused. But on the other hand, it could well be that machine learning tools will actually replace almost all conventional models that were working with.

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Could Machine Learning Replace the Entire Weather Forecast System? - HPCwire

Harnessing the power of GaN and machine learning – News – Compound Semiconductor

Military installations, especially on ships and aircraft, require robust power electronics systems to operate radar and other equipment, but there is limited space onboard. Researchers from the University of Houston will use a $2.5 million grant from the US Department of Defense to develop compact electronic power systems to address the issue.

Harish Krishnamoorthy, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and principal investigator for the project, said he will focus on developing power converters using GaN (GaN) devices, capable of quickly storing and discharging energy to operate the radar systems.

He is working with co-PI Kaushik Rajashekara, professor of electrical and computer engineering, and Tagore Technology, a semiconductor company based in Arlington Heights, Ill. The work has potential commercial applications, in addition to military use, he said.

Currently, radar systems require large capacitors, which store energy and provide bursts of power to operate the systems. The electrolytic capacitors also have relatively short lifespans, Krishnamoorthy said.

GaN devices can be turned on and off far more quickly - over ten times as quickly as silicon devices. The resulting higher operating frequency allows passive components in the circuit - including capacitors and inductors - to be designed at much smaller dimensions.

But there are still drawbacks to GaN devices. Noise - electromagnetic interference, or EMI - can affect the precision of radar systems, since the devices work at such high speeds. Part of Krishnamoorthy's project involves designing a system where converters can contain the noise, allowing the radar system to operate unimpeded.

He also will use machine learning to predict the lifespan of GaN devices, as well as of circuits employing these devices. The use of GaN technology in power applications is relatively new, and assessing how long they will continue to operate in a circuit remains a challenge.

"We don't know how long these GaN devices will last in practical applications, because they've only been used for a few years," Krishnamoorthy said. "That's a concern for industry."

The health and well-being of AngelTech speakers, partners, employees and the overall community is our top priority. Due to the growing concern around the coronavirus (COVID-19), and in alignment with the best practices laid out by the CDC, WHO and other relevant entities, AngelTech decided to postpone the live Brussels event to 16th - 18th November 2020.

In the interim, we believe it is still important to connect the community and we want to do this via an online summit, taking place live on Tuesday May 19th at 12:00 GMT and content available for 12 months on demand. This will not replace the live event (we believe live face to face interaction, learning and networking can never be fully replaced by a virtual summit), it will supplement the event, add value for key players and bring the community together digitally.

The event will involve 4 breakout sessions for CS International, PIC International, Sensors International and PIC Pilot Lines.

Key elements of the online summit:

Register to attend

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Harnessing the power of GaN and machine learning - News - Compound Semiconductor

This AI tool uses machine learning to detect whether people are social distancing properly – Mashable SE Asia

Perhaps the most important step we can all take to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is to actively practice social distancing.

Why? Because the further away you are from another person, the less likely you'll contract or transmit COVID-19.

But when we go about our daily routines, especially when out on a grocery run or heading to the hospital, social distancing can be a challenging task to uphold.

And some of us just have God awful spatial awareness in general.

But how do we monitor and enforce social distancing when looking at a mass population? We resort to the wonders of artificial intelligence (AI), of course.

In a recent blog post, the company demonstrated a nifty social distancing detector that shows a feed of people walking along a street in the Oxford Town Center of the United Kingdom.

The tool encompasses every individual in the feed with a rectangle. When they're properly observing social distancing, that rectangle is green. But when they get too close to another person (less than 6 feet away), the rectangle turns red, accompanied by a line 'linking' the two people that are too close to one another.

On the right-hand side of the tool there's a 'Bird's-Eye View' that allows for monitoring on a bigger scale. Every person is represented by a dot. Working the same way as the rectangles, the dots are green when social distancing is properly adhered to. They turn red when people get too close.

More specifically, work settings like factory floors where physical space is abundant, thus making manual tracking extremely difficult.

According to Landing AI CEO and Founder Andrew Ng, the technology was developed in response to requests by their clients, which includes Foxconn, the main manufacturer of Apple's prized iPhones.

The company also says that this technology can be integrated into existing surveillance cameras. However, it's still exploring ways in which to alert people when they get too close to each other. One possible method is the use of an audible alarm that rings when individuals breach the minimum distance required with other people.

According to Reuters, Amazon already uses a similar machine-learning tool to monitor its employees in their warehouses. In the name of COVID-19 mitigation, companies around the world are grabbing whatever machine-learning AI tools they can get in order to surveil their employees. A lot of these tools tend to be cheap, off-the-shelf iterations that allow employers to watch their employees and listen to phone calls as well.

Landing AI insists that their tool is only for use in work settings, even including a little disclaimer that reads "The rise of computer vision has opened up important questions about privacy and individual rights; our current system does not recognize individuals, and we urge anyone using such a system to do so with transparency and only with informed consent."

Whether companies that make use of this tool adhere to that, we'll never really know.

But we definitely don't want Big Brother to be watching our every move.

Cover image sourced from New Straits Times / AFP.

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This AI tool uses machine learning to detect whether people are social distancing properly - Mashable SE Asia

Yoshua Bengio: Attention is a core ingredient of conscious AI – VentureBeat

During the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) 2020 this week, which as a result of the pandemic took place virtually, Turing Award winner and director of the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms Yoshua Bengio provided a glimpse into the future of AI and machine learning techniques. He spoke in February at the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2020 in New York alongside fellow Turing Award recipients Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun. But in a lecture published Monday, Bengio expounded upon some of his earlier themes.

One of those was attention in this context, the mechanism by which a person (or algorithm) focuses on a single element or a few elements at a time. Its central both to machine learning model architectures like Googles Transformer and to the bottleneck neuroscientific theory of consciousness, which suggests that people have limited attention resources, so information is distilled down in the brain to only its salient bits. Models with attention have already achieved state-of-the-art results in domains like natural language processing, and they could form the foundation of enterprise AI that assists employees in a range of cognitively demanding tasks.

Bengio described the cognitive systems proposed by Israeli-American psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman in his seminal book Thinking, Fast and Slow. The first type is unconscious its intuitive and fast, non-linguistic and habitual, and it deals only with implicit types of knowledge. The second is conscious its linguistic and algorithmic, and it incorporates reasoning and planning, as well as explicit forms of knowledge. An interesting property of the conscious system is that it allows the manipulation of semantic concepts that can be recombined in novel situations, which Bengio noted is a desirable property in AI and machine learning algorithms.

Current machine learning approaches have yet to move beyond the unconscious to the fully conscious, but Bengio believes this transition is well within the realm of possibility. He pointed out that neuroscience research has revealed that the semantic variables involved in conscious thought are often causal they involve things like intentions or controllable objects. Its also now understood that a mapping between semantic variables and thoughts exists like the relationship between words and sentences, for example and that concepts can be recombined to form new and unfamiliar concepts.

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Attention is one of the core ingredients in this process, Bengio explained.

Building on this, in a recent paper he and colleagues proposed recurrent independent mechanisms (RIMs), a new model architecture in which multiple groups of cells operate independently, communicating only sparingly through attention. They showed that this leads to specialization among the RIMs, which in turn allows for improved generalization on tasks where some factors of variation differ between training and evaluation.

This allows an agent to adapt faster to changes in a distribution or inference in order to discover reasons why the change happened, said Bengio.

He outlined a few of the outstanding challenges on the road to conscious systems, including identifying ways to teach models to meta-learn (or understand causal relations embodied in data) and tightening the integration between machine learning and reinforcement learning. But hes confident that the interplay between biological and AI research will eventually unlock the key to machines that can reason like humans and even express emotions.

Consciousness has been studied in neuroscience with a lot of progress in the last couple of decades. I think its time for machine learning to consider these advances and incorporate them into machine learning models.

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Machine learning insight will lead to greener and cheaper mobile phone towers – University of Southampton

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Published:27 April 2020

Off-grid renewable energy solutions will be introduced to mobile telecom towers in developing countries through a new collaboration involving researchers at the University of Southampton.

London-based Global Tower Solutions will work with machine learning experts in Electronics and Computer Science on the new project funded by the national SPRINT business support programme.

The partnership will develop a solution that is estimated to cost around half that of existing diesel generators, while also improving access to mobile communication services in targeted countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

Professor Gopal Ramchurn, Director of the Universitys Centre for Machine Intelligence, said: Mobile phone towers make a significant contribution to CO2 emissions and Global Tower Solutions is looking to decrease carbon emissions through a reduction in diesel powered mobile phone towers.

Through the SPRINT project, the University will apply machine learning techniques to high- and low-resolution datasets, drone imagery, census data, data from satellite images and other data available around settlements. This will help to define the business case for renewable energy for phone towers which can then be delivered to mobile phone operators to identify the most appropriate renewable energy sources and which regions need mobile communications the most.

Mobile communication has been shown to be a key factor in relieving poverty by providing access to information and financial services that drive trade, education, reduction in poverty and better health. The project will also lead to the reduced use of diesel and improved sustainability of small businesses that underpin developing economies.

Mark Eastwood, Chief Executive Officer of Global Tower Solutions, said: The renewable energy market has evolved over last 10-12 years and we set the company up 3-4 years ago with the aim of moving from diesel generation towards solar power and storage. We wanted to remove the diesel generation price point using sustainable, non-polluting storage solutions, particularly in emerging markets.

The SPRINT project will help us to explore the impact of renewable generating assets on both telco tower businesses and local communities, using business insights from datasets. Working with the University of Southampton, we can access expertise that can support us in high precision localised intelligence including valuable business insights, topological mapping, individual patterns of usage and movement of local population.

SPRINT (SPace Research and Innovation Network for Technology) helps businesses through the commercial exploitation of space data and technologies. The 4.8m programme provides unprecedented access to university space expertise and facilities. Southampton researchers are contributing to several SPRINT projects, including a recently announced collaboration with Smallspark Space Systems that is using AI to optimise aerostructure designs.

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Machine learning insight will lead to greener and cheaper mobile phone towers - University of Southampton

Alfa Chemistry Integrates Its Supply of Boronic Compounds for the Science Community – Bio-IT World

RONKONKOMA, NY, UNITED STATES - Apr 23, 2020 - The world's leading chemical supplier Alfa Chemistry announced to have integrated its supply of boronic compound products to its customers worldwide, which include borate, boro-amino acids, boronic acids, boronic esters as well as others.

Structurally speaking, a boronic acid is a compound related to boric acid in which one of the three hydroxyl groups is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. It has been widely used in the field of chemistry, biology, and medicine. The approval of bortezomib, which contains a boronic acid as a functional group, by FDA for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma has sparked a rise of interest in the investigation of boronic acids as drugs for a wide range of diseases.

"As always, our goal is to prioritize what our customers need most in their research work. So we decide to reorganize our supply of boronic compounds, thus customers can more easily find what they want on our website," says a senior scientist from Alfa Chemistry. Boronic acids are used extensively in organic chemistry as chemical building blocks and intermediates predominantly in the Suzuki coupling.

Chemical use

Owing to the unique properties and reactivity as mild organic Lewis acids, as well as stability and ease of handling, boronic acid compounds are very attractive synthetic intermediates. Meanwhile, they are also viewed as environmentally friendly compounds because of their low toxicity. Boronic acid compounds are used in a plenty of chemistry reactions such as Liebeskind-Srogl coupling and C-H coupling reactions.

Biological use

Biologically, with the advantage of inter-convertility, Lewic acidity, and unique behavior upon neutron bombardment, boronic compounds can serve as boronolectins, therapy agents and transmembrane transporters, and even used in bioconjugations and immobilization.

Medicinal use

Boronic compounds can be used in medicinal chemistry, showing anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral properties. Also, the use of boronic compounds as enzyme inhibitors largely reflects the usefulness of boron.

For more information about Alfa Chemistry's boronic compounds, please visit https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/boronic-compounds-115.htm to learn more.

About Alfa Chemistry

Being professional and reliable, Alfa Chemistry is a preferred partner for many universities, research institutes as well as other organizations for supplying building blocks, reagents, catalysts and reference materials. Meanwhile, Alfa Chemistry also provides laboratory services such as analytical services, synthetic chemistry, API research & development, microalgae powder production to the customers.

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Alfa Chemistry Integrates Its Supply of Boronic Compounds for the Science Community - Bio-IT World

GOATdate Herds Locked Down Love Seekers With Chemistry In Mind – Forbes

Theres a new app out there in the social media world called GOATDate. Thankfully, now livestock is involved in the platform whatsoever. Weve been locked up due to Coronavirus for a long time, but (thankfully) not that long.

The new-to-the-social-media-market app is a video-first dating service that seems well-timed to this era in which COVID-19 made even the most social love seeker a quarantined hermit. According to its designers, the GOATdate app aims to simultaneously modernize and humanize the virtual dating experience and they seem to be off to a solid start as their reports indicate a 100% increase in user numbers during the past week.

While many other social media dating services rely on swiping and texting, the GOATdate app wants ... [+] users to test their romantic chemistry.

The apps raison d'tre is establishing chemistry as the prime focus of virtual dating in place of mere photos or preprogrammed questionnaires. The GOATdate procedures look to make the online dating experience more efficient than other social media apps such as Tinder, Match.com or Bumble by cutting out the back and forth texting.

The platform also makes it unnecessary to endure the potentially uncomfortable push and pull of trying to set up FaceTime or Skype appointments to meet as much as any new couple can during this spring of COVID-19.

Dating serviced based more on video interaction and less on swipes or text messages boomed over recent weeks as virtual interaction became the only option available for those seeking a partner. The minds behind GOATdate argue the new players on the pitch and the old standards who add video features are still rooted primarily in photo, chat and text functions.

The GOATdate app lets users "graze" before moving into a "face to face" video meet during COVID-19 ... [+] quarantine.

At GOATdate, users review their match profiles and setup video dates limited to five minutes. Thats the Graze phase as users like potential fellow GOATdaters. When theres a match, both parties engage in a five-minute video date. Would-be partners have that period to deduce whether theyre interested in pursuing the match any further.

To give the video date a little head butt with horns, the app provides a cheat sheet for the users to review with conversation starters slanted toward the people involved in the short date. All users must undergo a required security video verification to minimize fake profiles, online cons or cat fishing.

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GOATdate Herds Locked Down Love Seekers With Chemistry In Mind - Forbes

Trapped enzyme reveals its unexpected shape-shifting ability – Chemistry World

An enzyme shifts rapidly between at least four different 3D shapes as it catalyses a chemical reaction, researchers have discovered. Observing this enzymatic metamorphosis was made possible by trapping individual molecules inside nanopores in an electric field. The approach could aid understanding of how enzymes work, which could help create more powerful ones or even for engineering artificial enzymes.

After the first enzyme crystal structures were solved in the 1960s, scientists realised that enzymes fold into a three-dimensional shape, forming an active site for substrates to fit into and catalyse a reaction.. However, growing evidence suggests that some enzymes shift between multiple ground-state shapes, or conformers, during a reaction.

Understanding such changes and their hierarchies could help optimise enzyme performance in applications. This requires studying them at the single molecule level but existing methods to achieve this including fluorescent labelling are limited, often because enzymes conformational changes are too small to be detected.

Now, Giovanni Maglias group at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, has overcome this by putting an individual globular enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), inside a nanopore. Measuring modulations of ionic current through the pore has revealed that the enzyme folds into four different 3D structures.

The conformers show different affinities for substrates and products, and they exchange when the reaction crosses the transition state, explains Maglia. We propose that this mechanism is important to increase the efficiency of product release, which is the rate limiting step in the catalysed reaction. This observation suggests therefore that enzymatic reactions are more complex than previously expected.

Nanopores are tiny openings spanning an insulating membrane in this case the nanopore is a protein and the membrane is a lipid bilayer. Although ionic currents through nanopores have been used for over a decade to study how ligands bind to proteins at the single molecule level, this is the first time that individual steps in an enzymatic reaction have been observed inside a pore.

The researchers engineered DHFR a frequently studied model enzyme with a polylysine tag to trap it inside a modified cytolysin A pore under an electric field. When a negative potential is applied, DHFR enters the nanopore and the tag sticks to the pores negatively charged interior.

The electric potential on the membrane generates an ionic current across the pore. When folate and the co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) are added, their binding to DHFR alters the flow of ions, revealing the enzymes different conformations while reducing the substrate to tetrahydrofolate.

We did not expect to observe multiple conformers of the enzyme, says Maglia. We were also surprised to discover that ionic currents through nanopores are so sensitive to tiny differences in the structure of proteins.

While the approach itself is an impressive experimental feat, the most remarkable finding is the suggestion that substrate binding and turnover can lower energy barriers to conformational exchange in enzymes, says supramolecular chemist Scott Cockroft at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Understanding the principles governing such dynamics might be exploited for re-engineering known enzymes or even for developing artificial enzymes.

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KDHE secretary: More than 40% increase in cleaning chemical ingestion cases – KSHB

KANSAS CITY, Mo. The number of cases of people ingesting a chemical solution has increased, Kansas Department of Health and Environment Secretary Dr. Lee Norman said Monday.

Norman said he received the information from Dr. Stephen Thornton, a toxicologist and emergency medicine specialist at the University of Kansas Medical Center.

Thornton told Norman hed seen an increase of more than 40% in cleaning chemical cases.

That included a man over the weekend who drank a product because of the advice that he received, Norman said.

Norman said the department is doing what we can to counter-message against that kind of remedy.

Norman did not specifically mention any ties between the increase and President Donald Trump's inquiry if disinfectant could be injected into the lungs to kill COVID-19 inside the body.

The following day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a reminder to United States citizens not to consume disinfectants.

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KDHE secretary: More than 40% increase in cleaning chemical ingestion cases - KSHB

Alexandridis elected fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry – UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff – University at Buffalo Reporter

Paschalis Alexandridis, UB Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, has been elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Royal Society of Chemistry is the oldest chemical society in the world and celebrated its 175th anniversary in 2016. Its mission of advancing excellence in the chemical sciences dates back to 1841 and continues today, with more than 54,000 members around the world.

The distinction of fellow recognizes members who have been in a senior position for more than five years and have made a demonstrated impact in the chemical sciences.

This is a well-deserved recognition of Paschalis many contributions to our understanding of the behavior of colloids, surfactant and polymer solutions, materials that touch our everyday lives in innumerable ways, including food, pharmaceuticals and a wide variety of personal care products, says Mark Swihart, UB Distinguished Professor, Empire Innovation Professor and chair of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. His work has been recognized by national and international awards, which raise the visibility of UB and our department. We are delighted to see that appreciation grow further.

A chemical engineer specializing in soft materials, complex fluids and nanotechnology, Alexandridis joined the UB faculty in 1997. His work impacts emerging paradigms of chemical engineering on molecular engineering of materials and on product design and development, with the goal of novel smart, nano and bio materials that benefit society.

He has authored more than 175 journal articles and 65 conference proceedings, edited two books and given more than 190 invited lectures worldwide. He is co-inventor of 10 patents on pharmaceutical formulations, superabsorbent polymers, and metallic and semiconductor nanomaterials. His work has been cited more than 18,000 times.

Alexandridis is also a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). His previous distinctions include the SUNY Chancellors Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activity (2011), American Chemical Societys Jacob F. Schoellkopf Medal (2010), Bodossaki Foundation Academic Prize in Applied Science (2005), UB Exceptional Scholar Award (2002), Sigma Xi International Young Investigator Award (2002), Japan Research Institute of Material Technology Lecturer Award (2001) and the National Science Foundation CAREER Award (1999).

Alexandridis has served as chair of AIChE Area 1C: Interfacial Phenomena and on the executive committee of the American Chemical Society Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. He is currently serving as co-editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and review editor of the Journal of Surfactants and Detergents.

His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Petroleum Research Fund, the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and industry.

At UB, Alexandridis has served as director of graduate studies in chemical engineering, director of the materials science and engineering program, and associate dean for research and graduate education in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

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Alexandridis elected fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry - UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff - University at Buffalo Reporter

What’s in the Cards for Eastman Chemical’s (EMN) Q1 Earnings? – Yahoo Finance

Eastman Chemical Company EMN is set to release first-quarter 2020 results after the closing bell on Apr 30. Weak demand due to the coronavirus pandemic might have impacted the companys performance in the quarter. However, the companys earnings are likely to have benefited from its cost management actions and growth in high-margin products.

Eastman Chemical missed the Zacks Consensus Estimate for earnings in three of the trailing four quarters while beat once. For this timeframe, the company has a negative surprise of roughly 2%, on average.

Shares of the Eastman Chemical are down 26.1% over a year, compared with the 36.9% decline of its industry.

Lets see how things are shaping up for this announcement.

What do the Estimates Say?

Eastman Chemical, last month, said that it anticipates first-quarter earnings per share to rise from that in the prior-year period.

The Zacks Consensus Estimate for revenues for Eastman Chemical for the first quarter is currently pegged at $2,214 million, indicating a 7% year-over-year decline.

Moreover, the Zacks Consensus Estimate for Eastman Chemicals Additives and Functional Products division revenues is pegged at $787 million, suggesting a 7.9% decline year over year. The consensus estimate for Advanced Materials units revenues is $642 million, indicating a fall of 2.3% year over year.

The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the Chemical Intermediates segments revenues stands at $563 million, indicating a 14% decline from the year-ago quarter. The same for the Fibers segment is pegged at $206 million, calling for a 3.3% year-over-year decline.

Factors to Watch For

Eastman Chemical is focused on productivity and cost-cutting actions in the wake of a challenging environment. It is taking an aggressive approach to cost management to keep its manufacturing costs in control. Benefits of these actions are expected to get reflected on first-quarter results. Moreover, the companys actions to raise selling prices of its products are likely to have contributed to its bottom line in the quarter.

The company is also focused on growing new business revenues from innovation. Eastman Chemical expects to generate roughly $500 million of new business revenues in 2020. The company is likely to have gained from growth in high-margin innovation products in the quarter to be reported.

However, lower demand due to coronavirus might have affected the companys sales volumes in the first quarter. Disruptions associated with the pandemic are likely to have hurt demand across some of the companys end-markets.

Eastman Chemical is also exposed to headwind from lower product spreads in its Chemical Intermediates segment. Lower spreads are likely to have weighed on margins in this unit in the March quarter.

Eastman Chemical Company Price and EPS Surprise

Eastman Chemical Company Price and EPS Surprise

Eastman Chemical Company price-eps-surprise | Eastman Chemical Company Quote

Zacks Model

Our proven model does not conclusively predict an earnings beat for Eastman Chemical this season. The combination of a positive Earnings ESP and a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy), 2 (Buy) or 3 (Hold) increases the chances of an earnings beat. But thats not the case here.Earnings ESP: Earnings ESP for Eastman Chemical is -4.58%. This is because the Most Accurate Estimate is currently pegged at $1.62 while the Zacks Consensus Estimate stands at $1.69. You can uncover the best stocks to buy or sell before theyre reported with our Earnings ESP Filter.

Zacks Rank: Eastman Chemical carries a Zacks Rank #4 (Sell).

Stocks Poised to Beat Estimates

Here are some companies in the basic materials space you may want to consider as our model shows they have the right combination of elements to post an earnings beat this quarter:

The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company SMG, scheduled to release earnings on May 6, has an Earnings ESP of +1.49% and carries a Zacks Rank #1. You can see the complete list of todays Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.

Franco-Nevada Corporation FNV, scheduled to release earnings on May 6, has an Earnings ESP of +1.38% and carries a Zacks Rank #2.

Yamana Gold Inc. AUY, scheduled to release earnings on Apr 30, has an Earnings ESP of +12.50% and carries a Zacks Rank #3.

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Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free reportFranco-Nevada Corporation (FNV) : Free Stock Analysis ReportEastman Chemical Company (EMN) : Free Stock Analysis ReportThe Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (SMG) : Free Stock Analysis ReportYamana Gold Inc. (AUY) : Free Stock Analysis ReportTo read this article on Zacks.com click here.

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What's in the Cards for Eastman Chemical's (EMN) Q1 Earnings? - Yahoo Finance

False Belief That Poison Cures COVID Kills Over 700 Iranians – TIME

(TEHRAN, Iran) The false belief that toxic methanol cures the coronavirus has seen over 700 people killed in Iran, an official said Monday. That represents a higher death toll than so far released by the Iranian Health Ministry.

An adviser to the ministry, Hossein Hassanian, said that the difference in death tallies is because some alcohol poisoning victims died outside of hospital.

Some 200 people died outside of hospitals, Hassanian told The Associated Press.

Alcohol poisoning has skyrocketed by ten times over in Iran in the past year, according to a government report released earlier in April, amid the coronavirus pandemic. The national coroners authority said that alcohol poisoning killed 728 Iranians between Feb. 20 and April 7. Last year there were only 66 deaths from alcohol poisoning, according to the report.

Separately, the Iranian health ministry spokesman, Kianoush Jahanpour said that 525 people have died from swallowing toxic methanol alcohol since Feb. 20, state TV reported on Monday. Jahanpour said that a total of 5,011 people had been poisoned from methanol alcohol.

He added that some 90 people have lost their eye sight or are suffering eye damage from the alcohol poisoning. (Hassanian also said the final tally of people who lost their eye sight could be much higher.)

Iran is facing the worst coronavirus outbreak in the Middle East with 5,806 deaths and more than 91,000 confirmed cases.

Read more: People Are Dying Left and Right. Inside Irans Struggle to Contain Its Coronavirus Outbreak

Methanol cannot be smelled or tasted in drinks. It causes delayed organ and brain damage. Symptoms include chest pain, nausea, hyperventilation, blindness and even coma.

In Iran, the government mandates that manufacturers of toxic methanol add an artificial color to their products so the public can tell it apart from ethanol, the kind of alcohol that can be used in cleaning wounds. Ethanol is found in alcoholic beverages, though its production is illegal in Iran.

Some bootleggers in Iran use methanol, adding a splash of bleach to mask the added color before selling it as drinkable. Methanol also can contaminate traditionally fermented alcohol.

The consumption of alcohol is generally prohibited in Iran. However, minority Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians can drink alcoholic beverages in private.

Following the coronavirus outbreak, Irans government announced it would issue permission for new alcohol factories quickly. Iran has currently some 40 alcohol factory that have been allocated for pharmaceutical and sanitizing items.

Already before the outbreak, the Iranian economy was struggling under severe U.S. sanctions blocking the sale of its crude oil abroad.

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Chemical recycling could be the solution to plastic pollution – The Next Web

The world is drowning in plastic. About 60% of the more than 8,700 million metric tonnes of plastic ever made is no longer in use, instead sat mostly in landfill or released to the environment. That equals over 400kg of plastic waste for every one of the 7.6 billion people on the planet.

One reason for this is that many plastics are not recyclable in our current system. And even those that are recyclable still go to landfill eventually.

Plastics cannot be recycled infinitely, at least not using traditional techniques. Most are only given one new lease of life before they end up in the earth, the ocean or an incinerator. But there is hope in a different form of recycling known as chemical recycling.

Traditional physical or mechanical recycling typically grinds down plastic into smaller parts that are then mixed and moulded together to create lower grade plastic products. Chemical recycling, on the other hand, breaks the plastic down to the molecular level, making available platform molecules that can then be used to make other materials. Its early days for this idea but, in principle, it could open up a whole range of opportunities.

Plastics are a broad classification of materials known as polymers, which are made from small monomer building block molecules composed mostly from carbon and hydrogen. The challenge in chemically recycling plastic involves finding the right techniques to break down and reconstitute the material into a variety of end products while minimizing waste.

All this needs to be done in a productive, economic, large-scale and carbon-neutral way. The eventual solution should create less harm than the problem it is trying to solve.

The monomers that make up plastics can take a variety of shapes and sizes: some are straight lines, some are branched and some have rings. The ways that they are bonded together determines the plastics material properties, including how easy it is to break them down, their melting temperatures and so forth.

Conventional recycling just breaks plastic into small pellets. ImagineStock/Shutterstock

In the most simple terms, breaking chemical bonds is all a matter of energy. Plastics are largely very stable materials so they generally need a good deal of energy to break them down, usually in the form of heat to cause a process called pyrolysis. You can have more precise control over the breakdown using the right catalyst, a material that sparks the chemical reaction from a specific location in the polymer chain.

One example of a catalyst is the type of biological molecule known as an enzyme. These occur in living organisms and play a vital part in processes in the body such as digestion. There are up to 50 known plastivore micro-organisms that can digest plastic because they contain enzymes that help break it down.

But using these natural processes can be challenging because you have to keep the biological organisms alive, so they require very specific conditions such as temperature and pH levels, and they often take a long time to complete the process. However, with more research they might be used commercially in the future.

Other catalysts can work quite quickly. For example, my colleagues and I have demonstrated that its possible to use iron nanoparticles to help turn black plastic (one of the most difficult types to recycle) into carbon nanotubes in a matter of moments. We were then able to use this new material to build electrical components such as data cables to transmit information to a speaker system to play music.

There is a global effort in this growing field to develop new techniques. Research has shown you can chemically recycle old cooking oil (a natural polymer) into a biodegradable resin for use in 3D printers. Other waste materials such as food, rubber and plastics can be used to rapidly produce graphene (a one-atom-thick form of carbon). Scientists have also developed a way to repeatedly recycle bioplastics instead of leaving them to slowly biodegrade and release carbon dioxide.

Chemical recycling could compliment mechanical recycling, especially for problem materials in physical recycling such as thin films and microplastics. These get trapped in the grinding machinery because of their small size and strength, causing the whole system to get stuck, slow down or even stop entirely and need cleaning. The grinders cant work on thin films, let alone microplastic materials that are hundreds of times smaller.

Many of these techniques have been demonstrated in the laboratory and there are several companies now doing this at a commercial level. These processes take time, expertise and money. But until we stop using plastics this a growing field of opportunity for investment to develop a circular carbon economy thanks to the use of chemical recycling of plastics.

This article is republished from The ConversationbyAlvin Orbaek White, Senior Lecturer in The College of Engineering, Swansea Universityunder a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Read next: The coronavirus pandemic shouldn't legitimize permanent surveillance after the crisis

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Answering your sweet onion question and the science of why onions make you cry – Green Bay Press Gazette

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A reader left a voicemail asking: "Where can I get some good sweet onions that are not bitter ... like ones like you get at McDonald's."

The short answer to finding onions short on bitterness is to buysweet onion varieties with names like Vidalia and Walla Walla.

As far as finding McDonald's onions at the local grocery storewell, you don't become a global restaurant powerhouse by broadcasting trade secrets.However, there are plenty of online posts on how to replicate McDonald's onions at home by hydratingminced onions.

I tried a method that callsfor 1 tablespoon of minced onions mixed with an cup of water mixed in a bowl. Microwavethe soaked onion bits for 30 seconds and let sit for 15 minutes.

It worked. The onions were sweet and plumped up but no larger than the minced onions on McDonald's burgers.

Hydrating dried minced onions creates tiny pieces that add onion flavor with minimal bitterness.(Photo: Daniel Higgins/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)

Still, there's no need to reconstitute dried onions to satisfy your sweet onion tooth. Sweet onions are available nearly year-round in Wisconsin.

University of Wisconsinhorticulture professor Irwin Goldman wrote in an email response to my onion inquiries that most sweet onions are grown in the southern United States, Mexico, and both Central and South America. A smaller amount are grown in the Pacific Northwest.

When it comes to onions, Goldman has many layers of knowledge. Since joining the UW faculty in 1992 he's headed up the Goldman Lab that focuses on research, breeding and genetics of table beets, carrotsand onions.

Goldman explains the science of why onions make us cry and the varying bitterness as follows:

Before being cut, compartments in the onion's cells isolate a specific enzymefrom a sulfur-based substrate a substrate is a substance acted upon by an enzyme.

When the onion is cut,the cells are ruptured,allowing the enzyme and substrate to combine and produce propanethial sulfoxidethatacts a little like sulfuric acid on the nerve cell membrane of the eye and causes tearing.

The substrate concentration levels vary based on the onion variety and where and how the onion is grown. Higher substrateconcentrations and a more activeenzyme can lead to larger amounts of propanethial sulfoxide.

Variety, growing conditions and how long onions have been stored all impact their flavor.(Photo: Daniel Higgins/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)

Onions grown in soil with lower levels of sulfur produce substrates with lower sulfur concentrations and therefore result in a milder flavor. Soil with lower levels of sulfur is more widely found in states like Georgia, Floridaand Texas. This is why sweeter, milder onions typically come from the southern states, whereas stronger flavored onions come from northern regions.

Stored onion bulbs generally increase in pungency up to about 90 days after harvest,and some continue to increase up to 120 days. There are a few that get milder with storage, but most onions simply lose water and further concentrate the substrate, which in turn makes the onion a bit more pungent with time. Also, the onion bulb goes dormantafter harvest, but its dormancy is broken after a few months. Onions that are a few months old may be producing green sprouts because their dormancy has been broken and the sulfur compounds in the substrate are being mobilized into the new leaves.

The greatest pungency of the onion is found in the tissues at the base of the bulb. Cutting through that part of a bulb releases the most pungency and would make you tear up faster than if you kept the basal portion intact and cut other parts of the onion.(Photo: Daniel Higgins/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)

The greatest pungency of the onion is found in the tissues at the base of the bulb, near where the stem is located. If you were holding an onion in the palm of your hand with the roots at the bottom, the base would be the centimeter or so of tissue closest to your palm. Disrupting this part of a bulb releases the most pungency and would make you tear up faster than if you kept the basal portion or the onion bulb intact and cut other parts.

My thanks to professor Irwin Goldman for answering our onion questions. If you have a food question, send it my way via email or leave a voicemail message. I can't promise every answer will come from an expert of Goldman's stature, but I will get your questions answered.

More: Higgins Eats ingestigative report: These five frozen pizzas have surprisingly distinct flavor profiles

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Contact Daniel at (920) 996-7214or dphiggin@gannett.com. Follow himon Twitter and Instagram at @HigginsEats.

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Answering your sweet onion question and the science of why onions make you cry - Green Bay Press Gazette

Cannabidiol Is Safe and Effective for Patients With Lennox Gastaut Syndrome – Neurology Advisor

The following article is part of coverage from the American Academy of Neurologys Annual Meeting (AAN 2020). Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Academy made the necessary decision to cancel the meeting originally scheduled for April 25May 1, 2020, in Toronto. While live events will not proceed as planned, readers can click here catch up on the latest research intended to be presented at the meeting.

Add-on cannabidiol (CBD) was found to be safe and effective for patients with Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (LGS), according to study results intended to be presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN 2020).

Previous studies have suggested that CBD is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with LGS. The goal of the current study was to investigate the long-term profile of add-on CBD in the third analysis of the open label extension (GWPCARE5) of two phase 3, randomized controlled trials (GWPCARE3 and GWPCARE4).

The study cohort included 366 of 368 eligible patients (mean age, 16 years; 54% men; median follow-up, 150 weeks) who completed 1 of the 2 randomized-controlled trials; however, 119 participants withdrew from the study. The participants received plant-derived highly purified CBD (Epidiolex; 100 mg/mL oral solution).

The primary outcome of the study was the safety of CBD treatment; the secondary outcome was the efficacy, based on median percentage change in drop and total seizure frequency.

Treatment with CBD was associated with median percentage reductions in seizure frequency of 48 to 71% for drop seizures and 48 to 68% for total seizures.

During the extended follow-up, adverse events were documented in 96% of the participants, including serious adverse events in 42% of participants and events that led to discontinuation in 12% of participants. The most common adverse events (20%) included diarrhea, convulsion, pyrexia, somnolence, vomiting, upper respiratory tract infection, and decreased appetite.

Although there were 11 deaths during the follow-up period, none were deemed to be treatment-related.

Long-term treatment with add-on CBD in patients with LGS produced sustained seizure reductions, with no new safety concerns, concluded the researchers.

Reference

Patel A, Chin R, Mitchell W, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment in patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS): 3-year results of an open-label extension (OLE) trial (GWPCARE5). Intended to be presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. Abstract S25.004.

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Cannabidiol Is Safe and Effective for Patients With Lennox Gastaut Syndrome - Neurology Advisor

Coronavirus Patients Are Reporting Neurological Symptoms. Here’s What You Need to Know – ScienceAlert

As case numbers of COVID-19 continue to rise around the world, we are starting to see an increasing number of reports of neurological symptoms. Some studies report that over a third of patients show neurological symptoms.

In the vast majority of cases, COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that causes fever, aches, tiredness, sore throat, cough and, in more severe cases, shortness of breath and respiratory distress.

Yet we now understand that COVID-19 can also infect cells outside of the respiratory tract and cause a wide range of symptoms from gastrointestinal disease (diarrhoea and nausea) to heart damage and blood clotting disorders. It appears that we have to add neurological symptoms to this list, too.

Several recent studies have identified the presence of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 cases. Some of these studies are case reports where symptoms are observed in individuals.

Several reports have described COVID-19 patients suffering from GuillainBarr syndrome. GuillainBarr syndrome is a neurological disorder where the immune system responds to an infection and ends up mistakenly attacking nerve cells, resulting in muscle weakness and eventually paralysis.

Other cases studies have described severe COVID-19 encephalitis (brain inflammation and swelling) and stroke in healthy young people with otherwise mild COVID-19 symptoms.

Larger studies from China and France have also investigated the prevalence of neurological disorders in COVID-19 patients. These studies have shown that 36 percent of patients have neurological symptoms.

Many of these symptoms were mild and include things like headache or dizziness that could be caused by a robust immune response. Other more specific and severe symptoms were also seen and include loss of smell or taste, muscle weakness, stroke, seizure and hallucinations.

These symptoms are seen more often in severe cases, with estimates ranging from 46 percent to 84 percent of severe cases showing neurological symptoms. Changes in consciousness, such as disorientation, inattention and movement disorders, were also seen in severe cases and found to persist after recovery.

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, may cause neurological disorders by directly infecting the brain or as a result of the strong activation of the immune system.

Recent studies have found the novel coronavirus in the brains of fatal cases of COVID-19. It has also been suggested that infection of olfactory neurons in the nose may enable the virus to spread from the respiratory tract to the brain.

Cells in the human brain express the ACE2 protein on their surface. ACE2 is a protein involved in blood pressure regulation and is the receptor the virus uses to enter and infect cells. ACE2 is also found on endothelial cells that line blood vessels.

Infection of endothelial cells may allow the virus to pass from the respiratory tract to the blood and then across the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Once in the brain, replication of the virus may cause neurological disorders.

SARS-CoV-2 infection also results in a very strong response by the immune system. This immune response may directly cause neurological disorders in the form of GuillainBarr syndrome. But brain inflammation might also indirectly cause neurological damage, such as through brain swelling. And it's associated with though doesn't necessarily cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

SARS-CoV-2 is not unique in being a respiratory virus that can also infect the brain. Influenza, measles and respiratory syncytial viruses can all infect the brain or central nervous system and cause neurological disease.

Other coronaviruses have also been found to infect the brain and cause neurological disorders.

The related seasonal coronavirus, HCoV-OC43, typically causes very mild respiratory symptoms but can also cause encephalitis in humans. Similarly, the coronavirus that causes MERSand the 2003 SARS virus can cause severe neurological disorders.

Respiratory viruses getting into the brain is thankfully a rare occurrence. But with millions of COVID-19 infections worldwide, there is the risk of significant neurological disease, especially in severe cases.

It is important to be aware of the possibility of neurological manifestations of COVID-19, both during acute illness as well as the possibility of long-term effects. This also highlights the continued importance of preventing viral transmission and identifying those who are, and have been, infected.

Jeremy Rossman, Honorary Senior Lecturer in Virology and President of Research-Aid Networks, University of Kent.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Coronavirus Patients Are Reporting Neurological Symptoms. Here's What You Need to Know - ScienceAlert

Poverty, location and insurance status play major role in epilepsy care – UAB News

UAB researchers say lack of financial resources and health insurance, as well as living in the South, are keys to disparities in epilepsy care.

UAB researchers say lack of financial resources and health insurance, as well as living in the South, are keys to disparities in epilepsy care.Treatment of epilepsy in America varies depending on several social factors, including income, insurance and region, according to new research from the University of Alabama at Birmingham published online on April 12 in Epilepsy and Behavior.

Using data from the 2013, 2015 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the researchers found that poverty is associated with a lower likelihood of anti-seizure medication use and the uninsured are less likely to visit a neurology provider, while people in the Northeast are more likely to see a neurologist. They also found that epilepsy treatment did not vary by race/ethnicity or immigrant status.

According to the United States Institute of Medicine, there are significant social barriers to optimal care and health outcomes for people/persons with epilepsy (PWE), said Magdalena Szaflarski, Ph.D., associate professor in the UAB Department of Sociology in the College of Arts and Sciences and the studys first author. This study examined those barriers, as this knowledge is essential and identifies potential points of intervention at the policy, public health and health care system levels. Social factors, not only clinical, need to be addressed in order to improve care and outcomes in this patient population.

Szaflarski says insurance was a key social predictor of seeing a specialist, while poverty was a key barrier in medication use.

Magdalena Szaflarski, Ph.D, says that poverty is associated with a lower likelihood of anti-seizure medication use.The association between anti-seizure treatment and poverty extended over and beyond insurance status, indicating that not only access to care but also poverty effects more broadly (e.g., distance and transportation barriers) restrict opportunities for quality care and treatment among PWE, she said.

The study documented several disparities in visits to an epilepsy provider and anti-seizure medication use in the U.S. sample of adult PWE and indicated that a large proportion of PWE continue to experience recurring seizures, an alarming trend, according to the authors, due to the broad array of advanced treatment options currently available.

In our study, uninsured and people residing outside of the Northeast were less likely to visit an epilepsy provider in the past year compared with their insured and Northeast-based counterparts, said Jerzy Szaflarski, M.D., Ph.D., director of the UAB Epilepsy Center in the School of Medicine and a study co-author. Notably, the U.S. South has high burden of disease including epilepsy and has recently been referred to as the Epilepsy Belt. In this study, the South had the highest proportion of epilepsy cases, but much lower rates of neurology visits than in the Northeast.

In particular, Szaflarski says, the findings are consistent with previous analysis of supply and demand for neurologists nationally and state-by-state.

At the national level, over 1,800 more neurologists are needed to meet the demand, and this is reflected in previously published state-by-state estimates: The demand for neurologists in the majority of the states was estimated at 20 percent or higher than supply, he said. Only a few states, all but one in the Northeast region and the District of Columbia, had a supply of neurologists greater than the demand.

Magdalena Szaflarski says the study contributes to better describing socially based variations in two aspects of epilepsy treatment: use of epilepsy specialized services and anti-seizure medication use.

Jerzy Szaflarski, M.D., Ph.D., says there is a shortage of 1,800 neurologists in the United StatesInformation from this study can guide health and disability policies, public health programs and health care delivery systems to strengthen resources and access to care/treatment for PWE, especially for people with treatment-resistant seizures, she said. Engaging patients/families in policy and program development, as well as research, is also essential for further understanding of the needs of this population and opportunities for improvements.

Co-authors on the study are Joseph D. Wolfe, Ph.D., associate professor of sociology, Joshua Gabriel S. Tobias, graduate assistant in sociology, and Ismail Mohamed, M.D., associate professor of pediatric neurology.

This study was supported by the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Award from theUAB College of Arts and Sciences, with a contribution by theUAB Center for Clinical and Translational Science(CCTS;National Institutes of Health grantUL1TR003096).

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