Monthly Archives: March 2015

Controlling genes with light

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IMAGE:Light-activated genetic manipulation is demonstrated by shining light through a stencil to turn on fluorescent genes in cells. view more

Credit: Charles Gersbach, Duke University

DURHAM, N.C. -- Duke University researchers have devised a method to activate genes in any specific location or pattern in a lab dish with the flip of a light switch by crossing a bacterium's viral defense system with a flower's response to sunlight.

With the ability to use light to activate genes in specific locations, researchers can better study genes' functions, create complex systems for growing tissue, and perhaps eventually realize science-fiction-like healing technologies.

The study was led by Charles Gersbach, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Duke University, and published on February 9 in Nature Chemical Biology.

"This technology should allow a scientist to pick any gene on any chromosome and turn it on or off with light, which has the potential to transform what can be done with genetic engineering" said Lauren Polstein, a Duke PhD student and lead author on the work. "The advantage of doing this with light is we can quickly and easily control when the gene gets turned on or off and the level to which it is activated by varying the light's intensity. We can also target where the gene gets turned on by shining the light in specific patterns, for example by passing the light through a stencil."

The new technique targets specific genes using an emerging genetic engineering system called CRISPR/Cas9. Discovered as the system bacteria use to identify viral invaders and slice up their DNA, the system was co-opted by researchers to precisely target specific genetic sequences.

The Duke scientists then turned to another branch of the evolutionary tree to make the system light-activated.

In many plants, two proteins lock together in the presence of light, allowing plants to sense the length of day which determines biological functions like flowering. By attaching the CRISPR/Cas9 system to one of these proteins and gene-activating proteins to the other, the team was able to turn several different genes on or off just by shining blue light on the cells.

"The light-sensitive interacting proteins exist independently in plants," explained Gersbach. "What we've done is attached the CRISPR and the activator to each of them. This builds on similar systems developed by us and others, but because we're now using CRISPR to target particular genes, it's easier, faster and cheaper than other technologies."

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Why don't more women rise to leadership positions in academic medicine?

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IMAGE:Journal of Women's Health, published monthly, is a core multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the diseases and conditions that hold greater risk for, or are more prevalent among women,... view more

Credit: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

New Rochelle, NY, February 23, 2015--Even as more women are pursuing careers in academic medicine, and now comprise 20% of full-time faculty in medical schools, they are not rising to senior leadership positions in similar numbers as men. The National Faculty Study evaluated the gender climate in academic medicine and identified several factors related to the current work environment that are contributing to this disparity, and these are described in an article in Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed publication from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Women's Health website until March 23, 2015.

Coauthors Phyllis Carr, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA), Christine Gunn and Samantha Kaplan, MD, Boston University School of Medicine, Anita Raj, PhD, University of California, San Diego, and Karen Freund, MD, Tufts University School of Medicine (Boston, MA), found a lack of gender equality in the following areas: fewer women achieving leadership positions, disparities in salary, more women leaving academic medicine, and a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities and of balancing work and home life on women's career advancement. Better methods to track the careers of women and greater institutional oversight of the gender climate are needed, conclude the authors of the article "Inadequate Progress for Women in Academic Medicine: Findings from the National Faculty Study."

"Despite some progress in improving the climate for women in academic medicine, inequities persist that must be addressed," says Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Women's Health, Executive Director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Women's Health, Richmond, VA, and President of the Academy of Women's Health.

"The powerful effect of innate bias has been documented. Its effect in the academic medicine sphere needs to be considered," says Rita R. Colwell, PhD, President of the Rosalind Franklin Society and Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.

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About the Journal

Journal of Women's Health, published monthly, is a core multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the diseases and conditions that hold greater risk for, or are more prevalent among women, as well as diseases that present differently in women. The Journal covers the latest advances and clinical applications of new diagnostic procedures and therapeutic protocols for the prevention and management of women's healthcare issues. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Women's Health website. Journal of Women's Health is the official journal of the Academy of Women's Health and the Society for Women's Health Research.

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Potential toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals examined in Industrial Biotechnology journal

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IMAGE:Industrial Biotechnology, led by Co-Editors-in-Chief Larry Walker, PhD, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and Glenn Nedwin, PhD, MoT, CEO and President, Taxon Biosciences, Tiburon, CA, is... view more

Credit: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

New Rochelle, NY, February 19, 2015--Novel nanomaterials derived from cellulose have many promising industrial applications, are biobased and biodegradable, and can be produced at relatively low cost. Their potential toxicity--whether ingested, inhaled, on contact with the skin, or on exposure to cells within the body--is a topic of intense discussion, and the latest evidence and insights on cellulose nanocrystal toxicity are presented in a Review article in Industrial Biotechnology, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available on the Industrial Biotechnology website.

Maren Roman, PhD, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, describes the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and highlights the key factors that are an essential part of studies to assess the potential adverse health effects of CNCs by various types of exposure. In the article "Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review" , Dr. Roman discusses the current literature on the pulmonary, oral, dermal, and cytotoxicity of CNCs, provides an in-depth view on their effects on human health, and suggests areas for future research.

The article is part of an IB IN DEPTH special research section entitled "Cellulose Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications," led by Guest Editors Jose Moran-Mirabal, PhD and Emily Cranston, PhD, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. In addition to the Review article by Dr. Roman, the issue includes Reviews by M. Rose, M. Babi, and J. Moran-Mirabal ("The Study of Cellulose Structure and Depolymerization Through Single-Molecule Methods") and by X.F. Zhao and W.T. Winter ("Cellulose/cellulose-based nanospheres: Perspectives and prospective"); Original Research articles by A. Rivkin, T. Abitbol, Y. Nevo, et al. ("Bionanocomposite films from resilin-CBD bound to cellulose nanocrystals), and P. Criado, C. Fraschini, S. Salmieri, et al. ("Evaluation of antioxidant cellulose nanocrystals and applications in gellan gum films"); and the Overview article "Cellulose Nanotechnology on the Rise," by Drs. Moran-Mirabal and Cranston.

"A comprehensive and objective assessment of the environmental toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals is important for deployment of these crystals for a number of exciting industrial biotechnology applications," says Co-Editor-in-Chief Larry Walker, PhD, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

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About the Journal

Industrial Biotechnology , led by Co-Editors-in-Chief Larry Walker, PhD, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and Glenn Nedwin, PhD, MoT, CEO and President, Taxon Biosciences, Tiburon, CA, is an authoritative journal focused on biobased industrial and environmental products and processes, published bimonthly in print and online. The Journal reports on the science, technology, business, and policy developments of the emerging global bioeconomy, including biobased production of energy and fuels, chemicals, materials, and consumer goods. The articles published include critically reviewed original research in all related sciences (biology, biochemistry, chemical and process engineering, agriculture), in addition to expert commentary on current policy, funding, markets, business, legal issues, and science trends. Industrial Biotechnology offers the premier forum bridging basic research and R&D with later-stage commercialization for sustainable biobased industrial and environmental applications.

About the Publisher

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Potential toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals examined in Industrial Biotechnology journal

What factors motivate people to text while driving?

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Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published monthly online with Open Access options and in print that explores the psychological and social issues surrounding... view more

Credit: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

New Rochelle, NY, February 23, 2015--Nearly a third of adult drivers text while driving, despite the increased risk of accidents, stricter laws against it, and many awareness-raising efforts. What motivates this behavior and why it is so difficult to discourage is explored in the timely article "Hand on the Wheel, Mind on the Mobile: An Analysis of Social Factors Contributing to Texting while Driving," published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking website until March March 23, 2015.

Steven Seiler, Tennessee Tech University (Cookeville) examines the social factors that lead people to text while driving. He suggests that people tend to engage in "mobile multiplexing"--texting, talking, and using the Internet--while driving, which presents a variety of distractions. Texting while driving is a learned behavior, reinforced by seeing others do it, and although laws prohibit it and it impairs driver safety, "texting while driving has become a cultural artifact in the U.S." People who disregard cultural norms in general are more likely to text while driving.

"Leading the industry in 2000, Verizon Wireless was the first wireless carrier to support state legislation that prohibited mobile phone use while driving" says Editor-in-Chief Brenda K. Wiederhold, PhD, MBA, BCB, BCN, Interactive Media Institute, San Diego, California and Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels, Belgium. "Other carriers have now followed suit, hoping their public awareness campaigns will help promote positive behavioral change."

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About the Journal

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published monthly online with Open Access options and in print that explores the psychological and social issues surrounding the Internet and interactive technologies, plus cybertherapy and rehabilitation. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking website.

About the Publisher

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What factors motivate people to text while driving?

With genetic engineering, scientists use decoy molecule to trick HIV

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An effective vaccine for HIV has eluded researchers for several decades, due to the pathogen's infamous shape-shifting abilities.

Even though researchers have identified certain broadly neutralizing antibodies that can conquer multiple strains of the human immunodeficiency virus, many strains of rapidly mutating HIV remain resistant to the these super antibodies.

In recent years however,researches have proposed a new method of battling the virus that involves gene therapy.

Instead of using a vaccine to stimulate the body's own immune system, so that it produces HIV antibodies, scientists are bypassing the immune system entirely.

In experiments involving rats and monkeys, the researchers have used non-life-threatening viruses to alter the animals' genome so that its cells produce designer molecules capable of neutralizing HIV.

In a paper published Wednesday in the journal Nature, a team of researchers said they had used the technique to protect rhesus macaques from repeated intravenous injections of a SHIV, a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus and humanimmunodeficiency virus.

The technique, researchers said, "can function like an effective HIV-1 vaccine." (HIV-1 is the main family of the virus, and accounts for most infections worldwide.)

When HIV enters the body, it attacks specific immune cells. As the virus copies itself over and over, and kills more and more host cells, the immune system grows progressively weaker. If left untreated, this progressive weakening will give rise to AIDS.

In most cases, the HIV virus begins its attack by latching onto two separate protein structures on the surface of its target white blood cells. One of these structures is called CD4, and the other is called CCR5.

In the Nature study, researchers set out to engineer an antibody-like molecule that would mimic both of these proteins, so that it would act as decoy of sorts for the virus. Instead of latching onto a host cell, HIV would latch onto a specially enhanced protein molecule, or eCD4-Ig, that was released by the cell.

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With genetic engineering, scientists use decoy molecule to trick HIV

Save the Futurist campaigners say there is commercial interest in "stunning" Liverpool Lime Street site

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Campaigners hoping to save the Futurist Cinema on Liverpools Lime Street say they are aware of commercial interest in the building - depending on its condition.

And today campaigners called on Liverpool council to allow them to enter the building with a surveyor to see for themselves the state of the old cinema premises.

Those fighting for the building to be brought back into use want to see if any internal damage is repairable.

The authority maintains the site, which is at the heart of expected regeneration plans, is too damaged to be completely saved but have said they will share structural information with campaigners.

The future of the cinema and its much-loved facade is in doubt as the site lies on part of Lime Street that is expected to undergo significant regeneration in the coming years.

Pictures on the website of developers Neptune, said to be merely illustrative rather than actual proposals, suggest the two pubs at either end of the development - The Crown and The Vines - will remain, but show a dramatic change in between, with student homes, shops and a hotel among possible new structures.

The council has confirmed it is looking to integrate a section of the existing Futurist Cinema facade into the design of any future development and has had positive discussions with the Save the Futurist campaign group.

But, with plans for the Lime Street regeneration expected to be submitted to planning chiefs soon, campaigners are hoping to go further and save the building, preferably bringing it back into commercial use.

Among their wishes is to be able to send representatives inside the site to see how bad its condition is.

Recently a huge banner calling for the building to be saved from demolition was placed on the building while more than 2,700 people have signed a petition backing the campaign.

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Save the Futurist campaigners say there is commercial interest in "stunning" Liverpool Lime Street site

Futurist Gives Heads Up on Captive InsuranceTechnological Trends

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Minneapolis, MN (PRWEB) March 09, 2015

Not long ago as global futurist Jack Uldrich addressed the Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter Society (CPCU) on the future of the insurance industry he said, Given the advances in data analytics, the 'Internet of Things,' robotics and collaborative consumption, we can expect big changes in the industry, including the possibility of new competitors.

Today when Uldrich addresses the International Conference of Captive Insurance in Orlando, Florida he will deliver his keynote, Foresight 2020: Ten Trends Transforming Tomorrow. His message, in addition to the top trends affecting captive insurance, will include thought provoking queries based on his writings such as, Will Google Insure the Future?

Uldrich contends, The latest trends, such as global high-speed Internet access, 'smart home' technology, satellites and drones will allow users of those technologies to harness the massive amount of data on people and objects around the globe. Then, by using its sophisticated algorithms and powerful supercomputers and/or quantum computers, users can crunch that data to come to a much clearer understanding of riskwhich is the basis of all insurance.

A well-versed speaker in insurance trends, Uldrich was also the closing keynote speaker for this year's Professional Insurance Marketing Association (PIMA) Conference. With PIMA, Uldrich strived to help their members understand how technological trends, business forces and social media are merging to create fresh and innovative opportunities in the affinity market. Among his many other insurance based clients are: Fireman's Fund Insurance, The CAS (Actuarial Society), and Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter Society (CPCU.)

Uldrich welcomes the opportunity to usher organizations and associations like CICA into the 21st century by helping them become aware of and then navigate the coming technological changes that for some might feel like a tidal wave. His knowledge, foresight and practical insight helps his audiences learn to swim amidst the sea of change.

Parties interested in learning more about Jack Uldrich, his books, his daily blog or his speaking availability are encouraged to visit his website. Media wishing to know more about this event or those interested in scheduling an interview with Jack can contact Amy Tomczyk at (651) 343.0660.

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Inside Liverpool Lime Street's Futurist cinema: Why developers say it cannot be saved

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The historic Futurist cinema in Liverpool's Lime Street cannot be saved according to officials behind a huge regeneration project for Lime Street.

These pictures reveal the extent of the damage to the building - which campaigners are fighting to retain.

Concerns are so high over the state of the site that even the facade is considered beyond repair - though a section is set to be incorporated into the new look Lime Street.

The images, released by developers Neptune, show holes in the roof allowing daylight to shine into the auditorium, while trees can be seen breaking through the structure, which has deteriorated over several decades.

The dereliction is so severe that a specialist team of structural engineers asked to investigate the building last month considered parts of it unsafe for even them to enter.

An independent report compiled on the state of the building, seen by the ECHO, paints a damning portrait of its condition.

The Futurist cinema on Lime street today

It concludes: Our internal inspection of the building confirmed the findings of previous reports that it was in advanced state of decay and largely unsafe to access. It became apparent that the main cause of this deterioration is water ingress from the roof which is tracking through the building. This has caused widespread corrosion and rot of the structural fabric.

In particular, the access stair to the front of the building, the first floor room over the main entrance, the main auditorium and the roof are all in advanced state of deterioration and should be considered unsafe. Access to the rear of the building was not possible.

Engineers said the facade of the Futurist, built in 1912, was in reasonable condition but was leaning and that roots were forcing stones to come loose.

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Inside Liverpool Lime Street's Futurist cinema: Why developers say it cannot be saved

SpaceX Successfully Launched Two Satellites

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 launching from Florida on March 1. (Credit: SpaceX)

At 10:50pm on Sunday, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket successfully lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Florida. On board were satellites for two different customers, Eutelsat and Asia Broadcast Satellite (ABS).

The two companies jointly financed both the satellite construction and launch. The satellites themselves were made by Boeing. Theyre unique in that rather than conventional rocket thrusters, theyre powered by electric propulsion. That reduced the weight of the satellites to the point where both could be launched at once. The downside, though, is that it will take the satellites months to reach geostationary orbit.

Eutelsats satellite will join its network of broadcast satellite, providing the company coverage to its customers from Alaska and Canada to South America. ABSs satellite will be used to provide customers on several continents with TV signals, internet backhaul, and cellular service.

SpaceX has been experimenting with making the first stage of its rockets reusable, which the company has said could save millions in launch costs. To that end, its been attempting to land the first stage of its rockets after takeoff. No landing attempt was made today, however.

Next landing attempt will be 3rd launch from now, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk tweeted. Tonights flight and following one will not have enough propellant.

Musk indicated in a separate tweet, however, that changes will be made to the next generation of Falcon 9 rockets to improve the prospects of reusability.

SpaceXs next launch is scheduled for March 21, when a Falcon 9 will deliver a communications satellite into orbit for Thales Alenia Space and the government of Turkmenistan.

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SpaceX Successfully Launched Two Satellites

Actor Leonard Nimoy Passes Away At Age 83

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Leonard Nimoy at the Star Trek: Into Darkness premiere (Credit: FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)

Leonard Nimoy, best known for playing Spock on the television show Star Trek and its movies, passed away in his home on Friday. He was 83.

The cause of his death was end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which the actor confirmed he had last year.

Nimoy was born in 1931 in Boston. His parents were Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union in an area that is now part of Ukraine. He acted in several amateur productions as a child and then began his movie and TV acting career in 1951.

In 1952, he played the title role in the boxing movie Kid Monk Baroni. Although his acting was praised, the movie was a flop, and Nimoy spent over a decade playing largely bit parts in both TV and movies, including roles in Dragnet, Perry Mason and The Twilight Zone.

In 1965, Nimoy passed on a role in Peyton Place to take a part in Gene Roddenberrys TV show Star Trek and the rest was history. Unique among most TV shows, Star Trek actually had two pilots. NBC liked aspects of the first pilot, The Cage but had some issues and asked Roddenberry to shoot a second pilot. Mr. Nimoys Spock, half-human, half-Vulcan, was the only character to appear in both pilots. (Something that became a plot point for the two-parter The Menagerie which followed up on the original pilot.)

Nimoys Spock became a cultural phenomenon. Characterized by an emotionless devotion to the Vulcan ethos of logic, Spock was an inspiration to a generation of fans and became well known to the public at large. Nimoy had a large part in shaping the character into someone who was non-violent (Nimoy developed the Vulcan nerve pinch as an alternative to punching), ethical, intellectual, and compassionate.

Nimoy and the character came back in the Star Trek animated series, six Star Trek movies, the spinoff Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the two rebooted Star Trek movies directed by J.J. Abrams.

Nimoy continued acting after Star Trek with a starring role in Mission: Impossible and a number of smaller parts (including one of the best murderers on Peter Falks Columbo series). He also directed several movies, including two Star Trek films and Three Men And A Baby. He was also a prolific writer of poetry and a photographer, and published several works of each.

Mr. Nimoy is survived by his wife, Susan Bay Nimoy; his children, Adam and Julie Nimoy; his grandchildren; and legions of fans.

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Actor Leonard Nimoy Passes Away At Age 83

SpaceX Launch Of DSCOVR Spacecraft Postponed To Wednesday

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 is ready to launch NOAAs Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft on at 6:03 pm ET today. The launch, previously postponed from Sunday night, was postponed again Tuesday evening due to high upper-atmospheric winds. However, all conditions look green as of this writing.

You can watch the launch for yourself below:

The DSCOVR spacecraft will be traveling to the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrangian point, which is about 930,000 miles away from Earth. From that vantage point, the spacecraft will be transmitting imagery from both the Sun and the Earth. It will also monitor solar weather to provide advance notice of any dangerous radiation coming from the Sun that could impact communications or power systems on Earth.

The first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket was originally set to undergo a test whereby it would have landed on a robotic barge in the Atlantic Ocean. This test is part of SpaceXs bid to make the first stage of its rocket reusable, which if successful could shave tens of millions of dollars in cost from a typical SpaceX launch. Unfortunately, SpaceX stated today that the seas are too stormy for the barge.Instead, the company will attempt to make a soft landing of the first stage into the ocean. It does not expect to be able to recover the rocket.

This launch also comes in the middle of a pretty busy week for SpaceX. Yesterday, the companys Dragon capsule departed the International Space Station, loaded with cargo to return to Earth. The capsule splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean yesterday at 7:44 p.m.

The Dragon capsule departing from the International Space Station. (Credit: NASA)

Additionally, the Air Force announced yesterday that SpaceX has signed a deal to lease a landing pad at Cape Canaveral in anticipation that its Falcon 9 first stages will be able to land there. Last month, the company also signed a deal with the Air Force to build a landing pad at Vandenberg Air Force base.

This post was originally published on Tuesday, February 10 and updated with more information today, February 11.

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SpaceX Launch Of DSCOVR Spacecraft Postponed To Wednesday

SpaceX DSCOVR Launch Postponed To Tuesday

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SpaceX Falcon 9 ready for launch. (Credit: SpaceX)

SpaceXs Falcon 9 launch scheduled for this evening has been postponed. The reason stated for halting the launch is due to loss of the Air Forces Eastern Range radar, which is required for launch, said a company spokesperson.

The Falcon 9 was set to deliver NOAAs Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite. When launched, this spacecraft will stay between the Earth and the Sun and its mission is to provide early warning of potential dangerous solar winds, which can affect infrastructure like communications systems. It will also be used for scientific investigations of the Sun.

After the launch of the mission, SpaceX will once again attempt to successfully land the first stage of its Falcon 9 rocket on a drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean. In the companys first attempt in January, the rocket made it back to the drone barge but then suffered what CEO Elon Musk jokingly referred to as a rapid unscheduled disassembly.

This second attempt, however, poses some more difficulties.

Rocket reentry will be much tougher this time around due to deep space mission, Musk tweeted today. Almost 2X force and 4X heat. Plenty of hydraulic fluid tho.

The next opportunity for the SpaceX launch is Monday, February 9 at 6:07pm ET.

Update (2/9/2015): Weather conditions arent favorable for a Monday launch and so NASA, NOAA, the U.S. Air Force and SpaceX have made the decision to postpone the launch until Tuesday, February 10 at 6:05pm ET with a backup date of Wednesday, February 11.

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SpaceX DSCOVR Launch Postponed To Tuesday

Minecraft | Dino Date #12 | Triceratops of Freedom! (Minecraft Dinosaurs) – Video

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Minecraft | Dino Date #12 | Triceratops of Freedom! (Minecraft Dinosaurs)
DinoDate is a series I #39;m currently running with my girlfriend and partner in crime Kaleidow, we are going to breed live dinosaurs and hopefully keep some as pets! Enjoy. I guess the best way...

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Minecraft | Dino Date #12 | Triceratops of Freedom! (Minecraft Dinosaurs) - Video