NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Reaches Dwarf Planet Ceres

NASAs Dawn spacecraft has just made history by becoming the first mission to orbit a dwarf planet.

The probe went into orbit around the icy world of Ceres Ceres at around 7.39am EST today, when it was around 38,000 miles from the planet.

Dawn then signalled its mission controllers at NASAs Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) to let them know that it was on track and thrusting with its ion engine. The message took around an hour to get through to JPL and indicated that the spacecraft was in orbit around Ceres as planned.

Since its discovery in 1801, Ceres was known as a planet, then an asteroid and later a dwarf planet, said Marc Rayman, Dawn chief engineer and mission director at JPL, in a statement. Now, after a journey of 3.1 billion miles and 7.5 years, Dawn calls Ceres home.

The successful orbit is a double milestone for Dawn, since it also makes the craft the first mission to orbit two different extraterrestrial targets. Dawn has already spent time from 2011 to 2012 exploring the giant asteroid Vesta. Both Vesta and Ceres are the two most massive space rocks in our Solar Systems main asteroid belt between Mars Mars and Jupiter.

Ceres is seen from NASAs Dawn spacecraft on March 1, just a few days before the mission achieved orbit around the previously unexplored dwarf planet. The image was taken at a distance of about 30,000 miles. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA)

The latest pictures phoned home by Dawn show Ceres as a crescent thats mostly in shadow because its trajectory has put it on the dark side of the dwarf planet. From mid-April, when Dawn comes out into the sun, it will be sending back nearer and nearer close-ups as it lowers its orbit around the planet.

We feel exhilarated, said Chris Russell, principal investigator of the Dawn mission at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). We have much to do over the next year and a half, but we are now on station with ample reserves, and a robust plan to obtain our science objectives.

NASA didnt just choose Ceres and Vesta for study because of their massive size, theyre also interesting because despite growing up in the same part of the early Solar System, they developed into two different kinds of bodies.

Vesta is a dry space rock with a surface that shows signs of resurfacing, much like Earth and other rocky bodies in the inner Solar System. Ceres has a much more primitive surface that contains water-bearing minerals and may have a weak atmosphere. Its more like Titan Titan and the large icy moons of the outer Solar System.

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NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Reaches Dwarf Planet Ceres

NASA's Dawn Reaches Historic Orbit Around Icy Dwarf Planet Ceres

NASAs Dawn spacecraft has just made history by becoming the first mission to orbit a dwarf planet.

The probe went into orbit around the icy world of Ceres Ceres at around 7.39am EST today, when it was around 38,000 miles from the planet.

Dawn then signalled its mission controllers at NASAs Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) to let them know that it was on track and thrusting with its ion engine. The message took around an hour to get through to JPL and indicated that the spacecraft was in orbit around Ceres as planned.

Since its discovery in 1801, Ceres was known as a planet, then an asteroid and later a dwarf planet, said Marc Rayman, Dawn chief engineer and mission director at JPL, in a statement. Now, after a journey of 3.1 billion miles and 7.5 years, Dawn calls Ceres home.

The successful orbit is a double milestone for Dawn, since it also makes the craft the first mission to orbit two different extraterrestrial targets. Dawn has already spent time from 2011 to 2012 exploring the giant asteroid Vesta. Both Vesta and Ceres are the two most massive space rocks in our Solar Systems main asteroid belt between Mars Mars and Jupiter.

Ceres is seen from NASAs Dawn spacecraft on March 1, just a few days before the mission achieved orbit around the previously unexplored dwarf planet. The image was taken at a distance of about 30,000 miles. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA)

The latest pictures phoned home by Dawn show Ceres as a crescent thats mostly in shadow because its trajectory has put it on the dark side of the dwarf planet. From mid-April, when Dawn comes out into the sun, it will be sending back nearer and nearer close-ups as it lowers its orbit around the planet.

We feel exhilarated, said Chris Russell, principal investigator of the Dawn mission at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). We have much to do over the next year and a half, but we are now on station with ample reserves, and a robust plan to obtain our science objectives.

NASA didnt just choose Ceres and Vesta for study because of their massive size, theyre also interesting because despite growing up in the same part of the early Solar System, they developed into two different kinds of bodies.

Vesta is a dry space rock with a surface that shows signs of resurfacing, much like Earth and other rocky bodies in the inner Solar System. Ceres has a much more primitive surface that contains water-bearing minerals and may have a weak atmosphere. Its more like Titan Titan and the large icy moons of the outer Solar System.

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NASA's Dawn Reaches Historic Orbit Around Icy Dwarf Planet Ceres

Ceres: Bright spot on dwarf planet is a twofer, NASA spacecraft finds

NASAs Dawn spacecraft has snapped even clearer views of Ceres, but its surface just keeps gettingcuriouser and curiouser. A strange bright spot on the dwarf planet now appears to have a companion spot shining right next to it.

Bright spots are often thought to have icy origins, though a Dawn project member has said that the readings from Ceres dont appear consistent with pure water ice. However, the missions lead scientist has now floated another possible explanation.

This may be pointing to a volcano-like origin of the spots, but we will have to wait for better resolution before we can make such geologic interpretations," Dawn principal investigator Christopher Russell of UCLA said in a statement.

Mysterious Ceres is one of fivedwarf planets (which include Pluto) and the largest member of the asteroid belt stretching between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Because asteroids are rocky leftover building blocks of planetary formation, studying these space fossils could help reveal what the early solar system looked like.

Ceres is also in a unique position in the asteroid belt, said Carol Raymond, Dawns deputy principal investigator and a geophysicist at Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

The really neat thing about Ceres is that its kind of straddling a lot of boundaries between ... the rockier asteroids in the inner part of the asteroid belt and the wetter asteroids in the outer part of the belt, Raymond said in an earlier article.

But little has been known about this dwarf planet -- the best images, until Dawn came along, had been grainy shots taken by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope in 2003 and 2004. Back then, scientists thought the dwarf planet would have a smooth, icy surface.

But Dawns newer images -- getting clearer as the spacecraft approaches its target -- show bright spots and darker areas that reveal that the surface is much rougher than may have been expected. The most recent shots show that the brightest spot actually has a little companion, in the very same basin.

What we expect at Ceres is to be surprised, so its getting off to a good start, Raymond noted in an earlier article. As Dawn approaches Ceres and enters orbit March 6, increasingly high-resolution images will offer an unprecedented look at the dwarf planet.

Ceres is one of a few icy water worlds in our solar system (includingSaturns moon Enceladus and Jupiters moon Europa) that could potentially harbor a subsurface ocean and some potential for microbial life.

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Ceres: Bright spot on dwarf planet is a twofer, NASA spacecraft finds

FDA Adopts 3 Standards focusing on nanotechnology.

International Standard Developed under U.S. Leadership in ISO TC 229 WG 3

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently adopted three nanotechnology standards as part of a major update to the administrations List of Recognized Standards. The documents comprise a Technical Specification (TS) developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 229 on Nanotechnologies, and two standards developed by ASTM International (ASTM), a member of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ANSI-accredited Standards Developer.

ISO/TS 14101, Surface characterization of gold nanoparticles for nanomaterial specific toxicity screening: FT-IR method, adopted by the FDA in January 2015, was developed by ISO TC 229, WG 3, Health, safety, and environment, under U.S. leadership. At the time of the documents publication, Dr. Laurie Locascio of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the WG 3 Convenor, and Dr. Nam Woong Song of Korea served as the project leader. The U.S.s Dr. Vladimir Murashov of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) currently serves as WG 3 Convenor.

ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies defines nanotechnology as application of scientific knowledge to manipulate and control matter predominantly in the nanoscale (approximately 1 nm to 100 nm) to make use of size- and structure-dependent properties and phenomena distinct from those associated with individual atoms or molecules, or extrapolation from larger sizes of the same material. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating matter at this length scale.

One of ISOs most active committees, ISO/TC 229 focuses on the development of nanotechnology standards, including those for terminology and nomenclature; metrology, and instrumentation, test methodologies; modeling and simulations; and science-based health, safety, and environmental practices. To ensure the U.S. is strongly represented throughout TC 229s areas of activity, the ANSI-accredited U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to ISO TC 229, administered by ANSI , formulates and delivers U.S. positions and proposals to ISO in all areas of nanotechnology. Mirroring ISO TC 229s four-WG structure, the U.S. TAG is made up of U.S. private- and public-sector experts in nanotechnology who serve as delegates for ISO TC 229 meetings, with Steve Brown of Intel Global Environmental Health and Safety serving as overall TAG Chair.

The FDA advises referring to the relevant documents for points to consider when assessing whether an FDA-regulated product involves the application of nanotechnology. Among the various properties of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), surface ligand characteristics are found to play an important role in determining the behavior of Au NPs, including the aggregation/agglomeration properties of Au NPs in solution, protein binding of these particles to surfaces in cell culture media, and toxicity of Au NPs to living cells.

The FDAs other adopted standards, ASTM E2490, Standard Guide for Measurement of Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials in Suspension by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), and ASTM E2535, Standard Guide for Handling Unbound Engineered Nanoscale Particles in Occupational Settings, were developed by ASTMs Committee E56 on Nanotechnology.

More detailed information on all three documents referenced can be found in the ANSI-NSP Nanotechnology Standards Database at Nanostandards.ansi.org. For more information regarding either the ANSI-NSP or ANSI-Accredited U.S. TAG to ISO/TC 229, contact Ms. Heather Benko (senior manager, nanotechnology standardization activities, hbenko@ansi.org).

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization whose mission is to enhance U.S. global competitiveness and the American quality of life by promoting, facilitating, and safeguarding the integrity of the voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. Its membership is made up of businesses, professional societies and trade associations, standards developers, government agencies, and consumer and labor organizations. The Institute represents the diverse interests of more than 125,000 companies and organizations and 3.5 million professionals worldwide.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and, via the U.S. National Committee, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and is a U.S. representative to the International Accreditation Forum (IAF).

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FDA Adopts 3 Standards focusing on nanotechnology.

Nano drones mend arteries: Microscopic particles that seek out and repair damage could be future of treatment for …

Trials carried out of nanoparticles that seek out and repair artery damage Proved successful in mice and scientists hope to conduct first human trials Particles are designed to latch on to deposits on the walls of arteries The 'drones' release a drug that repairs inflammation damage in the body

By Daily Mail Reporter

Published: 20:34 EST, 18 February 2015 | Updated: 20:34 EST, 18 February 2015

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Trial: In the tests, artery damage in laboratory mice was significantly repaired after five weeks of treatment

Microscopic stealth drones that seek out and repair artery damage could be the future of treatment for heart disease and stroke.

Scientists have carried out successful tests of the nanoparticles in mice and hope soon to conduct the first patient trials.

Each tiny particle - made from a plastic-like material - is 1,000 times smaller than the tip of a human hair.

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Nano drones mend arteries: Microscopic particles that seek out and repair damage could be future of treatment for ...

PM Narendra Modi opens Centre for Nano Science Engineering at IISc

PTI Feb 18, 2015, 04.31PM IST

(The Centre is considered)

BENGALURU: Prime Minister Narendra Modi today inaugurated the Centre for Nano Science Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science here.

The Centre is considered to be the most sophisticated and comprehensive cluster of micro and nano-tech laboratories in India.

It is designed to provide research and technology leadership in the areas of nano-electronics and nanotechnology, which is key to the Modi government's 'Make in India' initiative, in the field of electronics.

Modi also unveiled the foundation stone of the Centre for Brain Research at IISc, which is being established as an autonomous centre at the country's premier science institute.

He also witnessed the signing of an MoU between ONGC and M/s Super Wave Technology Pvt Ltd, envisaging development of new technology for drilling of oil and gas, an official release said.

The Prime Minister was given an overview of the research activities being carried out at IISc.

He took keen interest in initiatives in areas such as solar energy, water management, agriculture and enquired about collaborations between IISc and other institutes, it said.

Union Ministers Sadananda Gowda, Ananth Kumar and Dharmendra Pradhan were present.

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PM Narendra Modi opens Centre for Nano Science Engineering at IISc

Apple returns to its core

Today's splashy media event takes Apple back to its roots (no pun intended). For example, the new MacBook, which weighs less than a kilogram (2.2 pounds) and is 1.31 centimetersat its thickest, reminds of the design and engineering qualities that made iPod nano so breathtaking and innovative 10 years ago in September. Apple CEO Tim Cook paid a little homage to predecessor Steve Jobs when remarking about the laptop: "Can you even see it?" Small size mattered when Jobs unveiled the nano, too.

Innovationand nothing resembling the clich overuse of the word todaywent into iPod nano and was demonstrated this morning in the new MacBook, which goes on sale April 10, starting at $1,299. Lust-worthy design is an Apple prerogative that is core to today's crop. But there is much more: Real cohesion around an Apple vision long lost in the distraction of Steve Jobs' illness and death and the transition that followed.

For example, everything about the day's announcements showshow Apple doesn't sell devices but a lifestyle. That's another last-decade quality lost but found again. In purest Apple lifestyle marketing, you can't just buy one thing. There are too many inter-dependencies necessitating that if you use this you will want, or even need, to use that.

Consider the new MacBook's single, USB-C port. During the intro, marketing chief Phil Schiller emphasized wireless capabilities, such as AirPlay and AirDrop, for sharing content. But to use these capabilities, you will want other Apple products. Take your pick: Apple TV, iPad Air, iPhone 6, iTunes.

Which raises another fine point often overlooked: Apple's device strategy is more about content than the cloud. The second-Jobs era is built on content connected to devices. There would be no iPod without iTunes and digital content tied to both. Ditto for iPhone.

Today's HBO NOW exclusive subscription deal is one of many. You will need Apple TV to use the service, which costs $14.99 monthly and will be available in April, just in time for Game of Thrones' return. Today, Apple slashed its media player's price to $69, making it all the more appealing to anyone wanting HBO NOW.

The company knows the value of content. iTunes store better packages digital wares, such as music mixed for the service or Extras attached to movies, as well as offers better bundles at lower costs than competitors. I see many more sale prices on movies than other online stores. Apple even sneaks out new releases Monday nights at Midnight Eastern Time, even though the company's timezone is three hours later. By contrast, rivals like Amazon and Google make potential renters or buyers wait until Tuesday.

I haven't had such visceral emotional response like this to an Apple event since last decade. The magic is back. There's some real innovation in the new MacBook, greateremphasis on connectedness and inter-dependence among the products, and stronger status lust.

That said, I have moved on. Google-branded, Motorola-made Nexus 6 anchors my digital lifestyle. I hugely prefer the phablet to Apple's smartphone. Meanwhile, as a writer, Chromebook Pixel is perfect for me. Keyboardissuperb, Chrome OS tab organization reduces distraction, and Google services' tight integration improve my research and collaboration. If I were a professional photographer, videographer, software developer, or someone dependent on desktop software or content, Pixel would be the wrong choice.

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Apple returns to its core

Exclusive – England are years behind the world's best, claims Gough

Darren Gough claims Englands one-day side isyears behind the rest of the world after seeing the Three Lions crash out of the Cricket World Cup.

Peter Moores side slumped to a 15 run defeat to Bangladesh on Monday morning a result which endedtheir participation in the competition.

And Gough, who is second in the all-time list of Englands record one-day wicket takers, insists selection policy must change to include more players who are capable of influencing matches.

I watched a World Cup from four years ago and saw some of the shots played with the new ball. England arent even up to that standard yet, he told Drivetime. We have certain players who can play that way but, because they look at all the data and stats, they decide not to play them.

We go with a law of averages and pick a guy who might get a nice little 30, instead of the guy who might win a game for you in tenovers - players like Jos Buttler, who was magnificent against Bangladesh.

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Exclusive - England are years behind the world's best, claims Gough

New book on ‘Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine …

Patents are an important way of protecting inventions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. However, intellectual property law reforms have not kept pace with the rapid advances in genomics, synthetic biology, and stem cell research. Meanwhile, universities are increasingly spinning off companies that use these technologies, requiring the academic scientists involved to gain an understanding of intellectual property law and the patent system as it applies to biomedical innovations.

Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine aims to provide a clear, current, and comprehensive understanding of biomedical intellectual property and the laws that protect it. The contributors describe patent laws and practices in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the European Union. They explain the roles of regulatory agencies in intellectual property, various opinions on the patentability of biological materials (e.g., DNA and stem cells), and the implications of recent court decisions (e.g., the Myriad case). Practical issues related to licensing agreements and patent applications are also discussed. The authors offer guidance on the criteria for patent eligibility (e.g., utility, nonobviousness, and novelty), issues related to timing and possession, and rules for determining inventorship.

Other topics include trade secrets, research exemptions, and the protection of traditional knowledge related to biological resources. This volume will serve as an essential reference for all scientists, physicians, and technology transfer professionals seeking to navigate the complex rules, regulations, and procedures concerning intellectual property in biotech and pharma.

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Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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New book on 'Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine ...

Experimental & Molecular Medicine – Wikipedia, the free …

Experimental & Molecular Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering biochemistry and molecular biology. It was established in 1964 as the Korean Journal of Biochemistry or Taehan Saenghwa Hakhoe Chapchi and published bi-annually.[1] It was originally in Korean becoming an English-language journal in 1975. In 1994 the journal began publishing quarterly. It obtained its current name in 1996 at which time it also began publishing bi-monthly, switching to monthly in 2009. It is the official journal of the Korean Society for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The editor-in-chief is Dae-Myung Jue (Catholic University of Korea). It is published by the Nature Publishing Group. The full text of the journal from 2008 to the present is available at PubMed Central.

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 2.462, ranking it 54th out of 122 journals in the category "Medicine, Research & Experimental"[5] and 176th out of 291 journals in the category "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".[6]

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Experimental & Molecular Medicine - Wikipedia, the free ...

New book on 'Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine' from CSHLP

Patents are an important way of protecting inventions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. However, intellectual property law reforms have not kept pace with the rapid advances in genomics, synthetic biology, and stem cell research. Meanwhile, universities are increasingly spinning off companies that use these technologies, requiring the academic scientists involved to gain an understanding of intellectual property law and the patent system as it applies to biomedical innovations.

Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine aims to provide a clear, current, and comprehensive understanding of biomedical intellectual property and the laws that protect it. The contributors describe patent laws and practices in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the European Union. They explain the roles of regulatory agencies in intellectual property, various opinions on the patentability of biological materials (e.g., DNA and stem cells), and the implications of recent court decisions (e.g., the Myriad case). Practical issues related to licensing agreements and patent applications are also discussed. The authors offer guidance on the criteria for patent eligibility (e.g., utility, nonobviousness, and novelty), issues related to timing and possession, and rules for determining inventorship.

Other topics include trade secrets, research exemptions, and the protection of traditional knowledge related to biological resources. This volume will serve as an essential reference for all scientists, physicians, and technology transfer professionals seeking to navigate the complex rules, regulations, and procedures concerning intellectual property in biotech and pharma.

###

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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New book on 'Intellectual Property in Molecular Medicine' from CSHLP

Keck School of Medicine of USC scientists open door for asthma cure

IMAGE:Omid Akbari, Ph.D. (left), and Hadi Maazi, D.V.M., Ph.D., of the Keck School of Medicine of USC led a study in the journal Immunity that identifies a molecule critical to... view more

Credit: Keck Medicine of USC

Scientists led by molecular immunologists at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC) have identified a way to target a recently discovered cell type that causes asthma, paving the way to cure the chronic respiratory disease that affects 25 million Americans.

The team, which includes investigators from Janssen Research and Development, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, will publish its results in the March 17 edition of the peer-reviewed scientific journal Immunity.

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that irritates and narrows the airways, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. With no known cure for the 7 million children who suffer from this disease in the United States, as well as millions of adults, the goal of asthma treatment is to control the symptoms. The exact causes of this chronic disease are unknown, but researchers believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to developing asthma. Discovered within the last decade, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, or ILC2s, are a subset of immune cells that trigger primary asthma symptoms such as mucus production and hypersensitive airways. ILC2s do not express previously identified immune cell markers, however, making them tough to target.

"If we can target ILC2s, we might be able to cure asthma or exacerbations caused by these particular cells," said Omid Akbari, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular and cellular immunology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and principal investigator of the study. "In this study, we discovered molecules critical to ILC2 homeostasis, survival and function. We believe that targeting these molecules or related pathways could one day cure a patient with ILC2-dependent asthma."

Akbari's team used mouse and human cells to show that inducible T cell costimulator molecules (ICOS) and their interaction with ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L) are crucial for ILC2 function and survival. ICOS and ICOS-L are proteins that influence cell behavior and cell response. Akbari's team developed a humanized mouse model to show how human ILC2s function in vivo; the model is currently being used to study how ILC2s contribute to human asthma and test potential therapies in preclinical studies.

"Because ILC2s are the only cells that express both ICOS and ICOS-L, our research sets the stage for designing new therapeutic approaches that target ILC2s to treat asthma," said Hadi Maazi, D.V.M., Ph.D., a research associate in Akbari's lab and the study's first author.

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Other USC co-authors include Nisheel Patel, Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan, Yuzo Suzuki and Diamanda Rigas. The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01AI066020, R01ES021801, R21ES024707, and P01AI056299) and American Association of Immunology.

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Keck School of Medicine of USC scientists open door for asthma cure

Evertomb 'prepares you for the afterlife like a great digital pharaoh'

US-based EverTomb service lets users to set up an 'online tomb' Costs $1 a month and enables customers to add features to their tomb No examples yet exist of the web-based tombs to hint at possibilities Satirical site says tomb lets 'followers connect with you in the social afterlife and make some beautiful offerings

By Sarah Griffiths for MailOnline

Published: 05:41 EST, 11 February 2015 | Updated: 08:46 EST, 11 February 2015

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From Facebook to Instagram, we spend an increasing amount of time documenting our lives on the internet.

Now theres a service that claims to allow people to set up an online tomb so they can create their own web-based memorial to show themselves in the best light after death too.

The satirical service, called EverTomb costs from $1 a month and lets users add new features so the digital tombs will evolve to a great and probably creepy memorial of your online existence.

EverTomb allowspeople to set up an online tomb so they can create their own web-based memorial to show themselves in the best light, for when they have passed on. The advert from the firm's website is shown

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Evertomb 'prepares you for the afterlife like a great digital pharaoh'