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China anti-censorship projects attract GitHub's largest ever DDoS attacks

Home News Security China anti-censorship projects attract GitHub's largest ever DDoS attacks GitHub has halted most of the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks it has faced from Thursday of last week.

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A GitHub service called Gists, which lets people post bits of code, was still affected,the site said yesterday (Sunday 29 March). On Twitter, GitHub said it continued to adapt its defenses.

The attacks appeared to focus specifically on two projects hosted on GitHub, according to a blogger who goes by the nickname of Anthr@Xon a Chinese- and English-language computer security forum.

One project mirrors the content of The New York Times for Chinese users, and the other is run by Greatfire.org, a group that monitors websites censored by the Chinese government and develops ways for Chinese users to access banned services.

China exerts strict control over Internet access through its "Great Firewall," a sophisticated ring of networking equipment and filtering software. The country blocks thousands of websites, including ones such as Facebook and Twitter and media outlets such as The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times and Bloomberg.

Anthr@X wrote that it appeared advertising and tracking code used by many Chinese websites appeared to have been modified in order to attack the GitHub pages of the two software projects.

The tracking code was written by Baidu, but it did not appear the search engine -- the largest in China -- had anything to do with it. Instead, Anthr@X wrote that some device on the border of China's inner network was hijacking HTTP connections to websites within the country.

The Baidu tracking code had been replaced with malicious JavaScript that would load the two GitHub pages every two seconds. In essence, it means the attackers had roped in regular Internet users into their attacks without them knowing.

"In other words, even people outside China are being weaponised to target things the Chinese government does not like, for example, freedom of speech," Anthr@X wrote.

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China anti-censorship projects attract GitHub's largest ever DDoS attacks

'Largest DDoS attack' in GitHub's history targets anticensorship projects

GitHub has been hammered by a continuous DDoS attack for three days. It's the "largest DDoS attack in github.com's history." The attack is aimed at anti-censorship GreatFire and CN-NYTimes projects, but affected all of GitHub; the traffic is coming from China as attackers are reportedly using China's search engine Baidu for the purpose of "HTTP hijacking."

According to tweeted GitHub status messages, GitHub has been the victim of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack since Thursday March 26. 24 hours later, GitHub had "all hands on deck" working to mitigate the continuous attack. After GitHub later deployed "volumetric attack defenses," the attack morphed to include GitHub pages and then "pages and assets." Today, GitHub said it was 71 hours into defending against the attack.

Seven hours later, GitHub said the attackers changed DDoS tactics and it was experiencing outages again.

Four hours later, GitHub said its services were stable although it was continuing to mitigate against the large-scale DDoS attack. Four hours after that, GitHub said the ongoing attack was affecting connectivity to GitHub Gist.

The attack is aimed at GreatFire and CN-NYTimes projects that help Chinese users get around their government's online censorship, but affected all of GitHub. The traffic is coming from China.

According to analysis by Insight Labs, by a Chinese security researcher living outside of China, "My first thought was someone naughty XSSed the page, so I opened developer tools to find the source of the XSS," Anthr@X wrote. "Almost instantly I saw it was keep trying to load these two URLs: github.com/greatefire/ and github.com/cn-nytimes/ every a few seconds."

Baidu is like China's Google and many Chinese website using tracking and advertising code from Baidu. The "HTTP hijacking" was explained as "a certain device at the border of China's inner network and the Internet has hijacked the HTTP connections" and "replaced some JavaScript files from Baidu with malicious ones" that would load GitHub's GreatFire and CN-NYTimes projects "every two seconds."

CN-NYTimes gets around censorship by mirroring NYTimes and GreatFire has long been fighting against Chinese censorship.

Ten days ago, GreatFire said it was "under attack" and asked for help. Last week GreatFire wrote about having "concrete proof from Google that CNNIC (and by extension CAC) is indeed complicit in MITM attacks." That post pointed to Google Security Engineer Adam Langley saying Google was aware of "unauthorized digital certificates for several Google domains." The certificates were issued by CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center).

While GreatFire was reportedly "delighted that Google, Microsoft and Mozilla have taken steps to blacklist the intermediate certificate used in the attack," the online censorship watchdog called on "Google, Mozilla, Microsoft and Apple to revoke trust for CNNIC immediately in order to protect Chinese user data and user data worldwide."

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'Largest DDoS attack' in GitHub's history targets anticensorship projects