Can vaccines be delivered via the lungs instead of by injection?

Public release date: 15-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, October 15, 2012In addition to the obvious benefit of eliminating the need for an injection, new vaccine delivery methods via the lungs offer particular advantages for protecting against infectious agents that enter the body through the respiratory track. A comprehensive review article that presents the current status, challenges, and opportunities of pulmonary vaccine delivery is published in Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free online on the Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery website.

In "Pulmonary Vaccine Delivery: A Realistic Approach?" Wouter Tonnis and coauthors from University of Groningen and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Bilthoven), The Netherlands, describe the unique physiology and immune responsiveness of the respiratory track that make pulmonary vaccine delivery such an attractive alternative to traditional injections. Although pulmonary vaccination is still a young field, with much more research needed, evidence suggests administration of a vaccine to the lungs can induce a local immune response more effectively than conventional types of vaccine delivery, in addition to stimulating antibody production throughout the body. This could be especially important for combating pathogens that cause pulmonary diseases.

"The lung is an immunologic powerhouse that remains largely unexplored. Theoretically we should be able to avoid needles and simply inhale our vaccines," says Editor-in-Chief Gerald C. Smaldone, MD, PhD, Professor and Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at SUNY-Stony Brook.

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About the Journal

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published bimonthly in print and online. It is the Official Journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine. The Journal is the only authoritative publication delivering innovative articles on the health effects of inhaled aerosols and delivery of drugs through the pulmonary system. Topics covered include airway reactivity and asthma treatment, inhalation of particles and gases in the respiratory tract, toxic effects of inhaled agents, and aerosols as tools for studying basic physiologic phenomena. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery website.

About the Publisher

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers is a privately held, fully integrated media company known for establishing authoritative peer-reviewed journals in many promising areas of science and biomedical research, including Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, High Altitude Medicine & Biology, and Microbial Drug Resistance. Its biotechnology trade magazine, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN), was the first in its field and is today the industry's most widely read publication worldwide. A complete list of the firm's 70 journals, books, and newsmagazines is available online on the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers website.

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Can vaccines be delivered via the lungs instead of by injection?

Food labeling regulations

Re: your Oct. 14 editorial, The propositions:

The Star believes that agencies at the federal and state levels should make sure foods are safe and properly labeled, but they are not doing. So, it is now up to the people to take food safety matters into their own hands when it comes to genetic engineering and the resulting effect on our health and the health of our families.

Proposition 37 is neither complicated nor technical, and rather than properly managing genetic engineering, federal and state agencies are leaving it in the hands of the chemical companies to assure us that our food is safe when it comes to genetic engineering.

Proposition 37 requires labeling of products that contain first generation genetically modified organisms - plain and simple. If these chemical companies, big agriculture, etc., are so proud of their laboratory created, genetically modified food, we say they should be proud to put a label on them so we know what we are buying, or not.

We have a right to know what we are eating, just like the citizens of the 50 other countries that already label genetically engineered food.

- Cyndi and Jude Egold,

Moorpark

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Food labeling regulations

Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering is a technology that combines genes from totally unrelated species in ways not possible using conventional breeding methods. For thousands of years farmers have used selective breeding in plants and animals to develop desirable traits, such as drought tolerance, increased yields, disease resistance and improved taste.

This is done through cross pollination, grafting and/or selective breeding between closely related species with a shared evolutionary origin (e.g. two varieties of corn or between a plum and an apricot).

Genetic engineering of food is done in a laboratory, where the genetic material from one or more species, including viruses, bacteria, plants, animals and humans, is artificially injected into a completely different species (e.g. fish genes into strawberries).

The process is unpredictable and can lead to unexpected allergies, toxins, new viruses and bacteria, and new diseases.

"Genetic engineering is inherently dangerous because it expands the scope for horizontal gene transfer and recombination, precisely the processes that create new viruses and bacteria that cause disease epidemics, and trigger cancer in cells." said Mae-Wan Ho, a geneticist and organic physicist.

Vote yes on Proposition 37 to label genetically engineered foods.

- Natalie Swarts,

Camarillo

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Genetic engineering

Sacred Heart partners with renowned N.Y. lab

Jen Esposito, 15, of Bedford, N.Y., and Sabrina Carrozzi, 15, of White Plaines, N.Y., takes worms, to see in a microscope during Dr. Bruce Nash, of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, meets with Upper School classes to discuss gene therapy at Convent of the Sacred Heart on Monday, October 15, 2012. Convent of the Sacred Heart is the third school, and the first Connecticut-based school, to become a charter member of the Cold Spring Harbor genetics lab. Photo: Helen Neafsey / Greenwich Time | Buy This Photo

Jen Esposito, 15, of Bedford, N.Y., and Sabrina Carrozzi, 15, of...

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Sacred Heart partners with renowned N.Y. lab

Futurist Ray Kurzweil's new book predicts development of a super 'digital brain'

Futurist Ray Kurzweil optimistically predicts much longer life expectancies, cures for cancer and heart disease, flying cars and robot butlers.

Humans will become capable of feats that now seem impossible for many of us, in our lifetime in large part due to expected advances in brain research, posits the inventor and author in his new book, "How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed," due out next month.

Key to his predictions, which he's also outlined in a series of other books including "The Age of Spiritual Machines" and "The Singularity Is Near," is the law of accelerating returns. Kurzweil suggests the pace of information technology advances will grow at an exponential pace until sometime near the end of the century.

In his new book, he predicts technology will virtually grow the human neocortex the section of the brain responsible for thinking, language, and sensory perception by directly tying into electronic resources, including the Internet.

"In another 25 years, computers will be the size of blood cells, they'll be another billion times more powerful and we'll put them inside our bodies and brains," says Kurzweil, who is speaking at Toronto's Danforth Music Hall on Thursday.

"Nanobots, little robotic computerized devices, will keep us healthy from inside by augmenting our immune system, they'll go inside our brain, interact with our biological neurons, put our brains in the cloud, on the Internet, and we'll be able to actually have direct brain connection to artificial intelligence, which will incorporate a synthetic neocortex."

While some will undoubtedly write off Kurzweil's predictions as hokum, he has an impressive list of inventions to his name and a proven capacity for visionary thinking. He's credited with inventing the first flatbed scanner, multi-font optical character recognition, the first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind, the first text-to-speech synthesizer, and the first music synthesizer to mimic the sound of a grand piano among many other things.

While his track record of previous predictions has been debated he claims he's been on the mark or close the vast majority of the time, while critics suggest that's not really true he has made a number of prescient calls.

In "The Age of Spiritual Machines," which he says he wrote in the mid to late 1990s, back when nearly everyone used dial-up modems, he outlined his visions for 2009. He wrote about the widespread use of portable computers, mobile devices without keyboards, the adoption of digital music, movies and books, the implementation of facial recognition technology, and distance learning.

A transition toward a cyborg future in which society accepts becoming part human, part computer may seem beyond belief, but Kurzweil doesn't think so. He points to present-day medical treatments that already involve brain implants of electronic devices and argues similar procedures could become common among the healthy, too.

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Futurist Ray Kurzweil's new book predicts development of a super 'digital brain'

Review: A$AP Rocky at the Egyptian Room at Old National Centre

A$AP Rocky, Schoolboy Q, Danny Brown

The Egyptian Room at Old National Centre

Wednesday, October 10

The pungent smell of weed smoke and Black & Milds wafted down the stairs as I waited in line for my tickets to the LongLiveA$AP tour at the Egyptian Room at Old National Centre. It was a night of post-racial celebration and generational kinship under the guise of military imagery, odes to marijuana and good ol' fashioned hip-hop hedonism. In the words of A$AP himself "It's two thousand twelve, two thousand thirteen. Race doesn't matter. We're not black or white, but we're all purple."

I missed the bulk of opener Danny Brown's short set but luckily caught the last few songs dealing mostly with ingesting various prescription pills and smoking "blunt after blunt after blunt after blunt." Like the rest of the performers on the LongLiveA$AP tour, Brown is an artist who simply couldn't have existed in the hip-hop sphere ten years ago. He pounced around in skinny jeans and a long, slim-fitting V-neck and an asymmetrical haircut, and delivered rhymes like a strangled B-Real after raiding his grandmother's medicine cabinet -- a nasal yap hinting at a special brand of insanity. Brown seems to be a descendent in a long line of hip-hop weirdos -- Kool Keith immediately comes to mind -- and his presence set a precedent for the night i.e. it was a show that refused to fully submit to hip-hop's traditionally heteronormative values.

Schoolboy Q followed Brown and by comparison seemed ludicrously normal. He arrived on the stage in a hoodie and sunglasses, muscling through a spirited set peppered with personal anecdotes about his personal struggles and love affair with marijuana. Green smoke plumes scattered through the air during his set (and frankly, pretty much the whole night) rendering the stage's smoke machines redundant. Q is a dynamic performer though - seeming sensitive, tough and personable simultaneously. His amped set prepared the crowd for the bizarre spectacle that was A$AP Rocky.

As the interim music played on full blast, a giant banner depicting soldiers raising an upside down American flag on Iwo Jima against a beating red sun was unveiled. The DJ table was clothed in camouflage mesh and two upside down American flags flanked the stage. After a spoken-word intro complete with helicopter and gunshot sounds, A$AP arrived on the stage donned in all black and wrapped in the stars and stripes. His set was marked by hits from his debut mixtape LiveLoveA$AP, the somewhat underwhelming appearance of the A$AP Mob and a few more spoken word interludes, including an especially haunting one that paired a washed out recording of The Mamas and the Papas "California Dreaming" with graphic war sounds. It was almost a theatrical production - one that used a war aesthetic to symbolize what he called a "struggle against being misunderstood."

A$AP Rocky seems like he lives inside the pop culture zeitgeist. He's a Harlem native whose sound seems more rooted in futurism and hazy, mid-tempo Houston hip-hop than anything found in New York. He preached a post-racial message that resounded with the diverse crowd. Amidst a financial recession and global anxiety, he told the crowd that, much like him, we could do whatever we wanted to. And that night, it all seemed possible.

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Review: A$AP Rocky at the Egyptian Room at Old National Centre

Singularity Summit 2012: the lion doesn’t sleep tonight | Gene Expression

Last weekend I was at the Singularity Summit for a few days. There were interesting speakers, but the reality is that quite often a talk given at a conference has been given elsewhere, and there isnt going to be much value-add in the Q & A, which is often limited and constrained. No, the point of the conference is to meet interesting people, and there were some conference goers who didnt go to any talks at all, but simply milled around the lobby, talking to whoever they chanced upon.

I spent a lot of the conference talking about genomics, and answering questions about genomics, if I thought could give a precise, accurate, and competent answer (e.g., I dodged any microbiome related questions because I dont know much about that). Perhaps more curiously, in the course of talking about personal genomics issues relating to my daughters genotype came to the fore, and I would ask if my interlocutorhad seen the lion. By the end of the conference a substantial proportion of the attendees had seen the lion.

This included a polite Estonian physicist. I spent about 20 minutes talking to him and his wife about personal genomics (since he was a physicist he grokked abstract and complex explanations rather quickly), and eventually I had to show him the lion. But during the course of the whole conference he was the only one who had a counter-response: he pulled up a photo of his 5 children! Touch! Only as I was leaving did I realize that Id been talking the ear off of Jaan Tallinn, the founder of Skype . For much of the conference Tallinn stood like an impassive Nordic sentinel, engaging in discussions with half a dozen individuals in a circle (often his wife was at his side, though she often engaged people by herself). Some extremely successful and wealthy people manifest a certain reticence, rightly suspicious that others may attempt to cultivate them for personal advantage. Tallinn seems to be immune to this syndrome. His manner and affect resemble that of a graduate student. He was there to learn, listen, and was exceedingly patient even with the sort of monomaniacal personality which dominated conference attendees (I plead guilty!).

At the conference I had a press pass, but generally I just introduced myself by name. But because of the demographic I knew that many people would know me from this weblog, and that was the case (multiple times Id talk to someone for 5 minutes, and theyd finally ask if I had a blog, nervous that theyd gone false positive). An interesting encounter was with a 22 year old young man who explained that he stumbled onto my weblog while searching for content on the singularity. This surprised me, because this is primarily a weblog devoted to genetics, and my curiosity about futurism and technological change is marginal. Nevertheless, it did make me reconsider the relative paucity of information on the singularity out there on the web (or, perhaps websites discussing the singularity dont have a high Pagerank, I dont know).

I also had an interesting interaction with an individual who was at his first conference. A few times he spoke of Ray, and expressed disappointment that Ray Kurzweil had not heard of Bitcoin, which was part of his business. Though I didnt say it explicitly, I had to break it to this individual that Ray Kurzweil is not god. In fact, I told him to watch for the exits when Kurzweils time to talk came up. He would notice that many Summit volunteers and other V.I.P. types would head for the lobby. And thats exactly what happened.

There are two classes of reasons why this occurs. First, Kurzweil gives the same talks many times, and people dont want to waste their time listening to him repeat himself. Second, Kurzweils ideas are not universally accepted within the community which is most closely associated with Singularity Institute. In fact, I dont recall ever meeting a 100-proof Kurzweilian. So why is the singularity so closely associated with Ray Kurzweil in the public mind? Why not Vernor Vinge? Ultimately, its because Ray Kurzweil is not just a thinker, hes a marketer and businessman. Kurzweils personal empire is substantial, and hes a wealthy man from his previous ventures. He doesnt need the singularity movement, he has his own means of propagation and communication. People interested in the concept of the singularity may come in through Kurzweils books, articles, and talks, but if they become embedded in the hyper-rational community which has grown out of acceptance of the possibility of the singularity theyll come to understand that Kurzweil is no god or Ayn Rand, and that pluralism of opinion and assessment is the norm. I feel rather ridiculous even writing this, because Ive known people associated with the singularity movement for so many years (e.g., Michael Vassar) that I take all this as a given. But after talking to enough people, and even some of the more naive summit attendees, I thought it would be useful to lay it all out there.

As for the talks, many of them, such as Steven Pinkers, would be familiar to readers of this weblog. Others, perhaps less so. Linda Avey and John Wilbanksgave complementary talks about personalized data and bringing healthcare into the 21st century. To make a long story short it seems that Aveys new firm aims to make the quantified self into a retail & wholesale business. Wilbanks made the case for grassroots and open source data sharing, both genetic and phenotypic. In fact, Avey explicitly suggested her new firm aims to be to phenotypes what her old firm, 23andMe, is to genotypes. Im a biased audience, obviously I disagree very little with any of the arguments which Avey and Wilbanks deployed (I also appreciated Linda Aveys emphasis on the fact that you own your own information). But Im also now more optimistic about the promise of this enterprise after getting a more fleshed out case. Nevertheless, I see change in this space to be a ten year project. We wont see much difference in the next few I suspect.

The two above talks seem only tangentially related to the singularity in all its cosmic significance. Other talks also exhibited the same distance, such as Pinkers talk on violence. But let me highlight two individuals who spoke more to the spirit of the Summit at its emotional heart. Laura Deming is a young woman whose passion for research really impressed me, and made me hopeful for the future of the human race. This the quest for science at its purest. No careerism, no politics, just straight up assault on an insurmountable problem. If I had to bet money, I dont think shell succeed. But at least this isnt a person who is going to expend their talents on making money on Wall Street. Im hopeful that significant successes will come out of her battles in the course of a war I suspect shell lose.

The second talk which grabbed my attention was the aforementioned Jaan Tallinns. Jaans talk was about the metaphysics of the singularity, and it was presented in a congenial cartoon form. Being a physicist it was larded with some of the basic presuppositions of modern cosmology (e.g., multi-verse), but also extended the logic in a singularitariandirection. And yet Tallinn ended his talk with a very humanistic message. I dont even know what to think of some of his propositions, but he certainly has me thinking even now. Sometimes its easy to get fixated on your own personal obsessions, and lose track of the cosmic scale.

Which goes back to the whole point of a face-to-face conference. You can ponder grand theories in the pages of a book. For that to become human you have to meet, talk, engage, eat, and drink. A conference which at its heart is about transcending humanity as we understand is interestingly very much a reflection of ancient human urges to be social, and part of a broader community.

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Singularity Summit 2012: the lion doesn’t sleep tonight | Gene Expression

The future according to Rush runs like clockwork

Conceptual clocks were set every which way, calendars were meaningless, and the durable Rush trio was right on time for the first of its two shows at the Air Canada Centre on Sunday. The semi-legendary band is touring its latest album, Clockwork Angels, a thematic record inspired by H.G. Wells/Jules Verne-styled retro-futurism yesterdays imagined tomorrow land of steam-powered gadgets, adapted to flavour the bands accessible brand of Byzantine rock.

A three-hour concert saw furnace blasts of fire and belches of steam, literally and figuratively. There were old songs and new, and three drum solos at least. It all ended with a strong exit of parts of 2112, a forecasting album made 36 years ago and now a century ahead of its time.

On a stage of whimsical props and steam-punk gadgetry, the non-misfiring night began with Subdivisions, a thing of grandiose eighties synthesizer rock and tumbling drum fills that concerns urban planning, conformity and the restless dreams of youth. The Big Money followed, set to big-screen imagery of commercialism and cash registers, and cheered by audience members who had paid $70 to $160 to hear bassist-keyboardist Geddy Lee in high vocal shrill.

Lee, in shaded granny glasses, hippie hair and Chuck Taylor sneakers, is rather avuncular at the age of 59. Guitarist Alex Lifeson, also 59, used his collection of Gibson products to produce squealing solos and quick-fingered, high-fretboard note-hitting jumbo-screen close-ups of which enabled us to count the carats of his wedding ring. Drummer Neil Peart, who continues to morph into a sad-faced Buster Keaton look-alike at the age of 60, wore an African prayer cap and sat within an outstanding drum kit that had more chrome to it than a sixties Chrysler factory.

After that, things settled a bit, with a set list that disregarded well-known material and, after a short intermission, settled into the songs of Clockwork Angels, presented with a string ensemble. The crowd was politely appreciative of (though hardly wound up over) offerings strong in synchronized musicianship and a graceful sort of fury. What I would call a heavy, loud sereneness prevailed.

Rush makes serious music; the Peart-penned lyrics of Clockwork Angels were influenced by Voltaires Candide and John Barths The Sot-Weed Factor. It all distills into a vision, as Peart has explained, of one of many possible worlds, driven by steam, alchemy and intricate clockworks.

And yet part of Rushs charisma is its lack of self-seriousness. Some of the concert experience involved Monty Python-like animations on the big screen behind the band, as well as quirky high-budget vignettes starring actor Jay Baruchel and, as jokester gnomes, the members of the band.

The Clockwork Angels set had begun with the busy, shifting music of Caravan, with the line, In a world where I feel so small, I cant stop thinking big. That kind of thinking is a theme of the bands career a three-piece outfit of high-minded misfits, a group with no time or concern for expectations and naysayers. The train continues, powered by untraditional imagination and weird ticking.

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The future according to Rush runs like clockwork

Conservative values support freedom to marry

What do Clint Eastwood, Dick Cheney, Ted Olson and John Bolton have in common? All are strong, lifelong conservatives. Each has fought on behalf of smaller government. And all support the freedom of same-sex couples to marry.

As voters in Maine consider the issue in this election, right-leaning voters like myself should consider why these prominent conservatives believe the freedom to marry is consistent with our values.

Conservatives have built a broad coalition, united around a single goal: more freedom, less government. Its key to our heritage and inherent to our DNA.

Freedom of Americans across all races is why the Republican Party was founded. And our most important accomplishments, from the economic growth unleashed when weve lowered taxes and reduced regulation to the fall of the Berlin Wall, have resulted when we promoted freedom.

Our concept of freedom is based in the Declaration of Independence, where every American was provided by their creator, not government, with the right to pursue happiness.

As former Vice President Dick Cheney noted in explaining why he supports civil marriage for all same-gender couples, freedom means freedom for everyone. Hes right.

What freedom is more basic and personal than the right to marry the person you love?

If we are serious in our belief that every citizen is endowed by his or her creator with the right to pursue happiness, then how can this not include the freedom to marry? What could be more central to a persons happiness? And alternatively, if we want a smaller, less obtrusive government, shouldnt individuals and not politicians decide who they can marry?

Maximizing freedom isnt the only conservative value enhanced by allowing civil marriage for same-gender couples. It will promote stability, responsibility, commitment family values that we often encourage in public policy.

Marriage encourages people to think beyond their own needs, to create loving households, to build a support network so people can be cared for in sickness, old age and hard times.

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Conservative values support freedom to marry

FreedomPop Freedom Spot Photon

By Alex Colon

The Freedom Spot Photon from FreedomPop is a 4G hotspot thatgets you online for free. There's no catch. A free plan from FreedomPop is good for 500MB of data per month, with plenty of easy opportunities to earn more. Larger, inexpensive data plans are also available, and the Photon taps into Clearwire's 4G WiMAX network with aplomb.

And at some point next year, when it switches from Clearwire to Sprint's 4G LTE network, you'll need to replace your hotspot. But as it stands, the Freedom Spot Photon is an inexpensive, innovative way to get online, and well worthy of our Editors' Choice award.

Pricing and PlansHere's how it works. There are three different plans: Free, Casual, and Premiere. With the free plan, you get 500MB of data every month. After that, extra data costs $0.02 per 1MB (which works out to $20 per 1GB). Thing is, if you play your cards right, you may earn enough extra free data that you never go over.

FreedomPop has a number of ways for you to earn additional data. For starters, you get an additional 10MB of data for every friend you refer, up to 500MB per month. You can also share or request data from friends. But really, that can only get you so far. To that end, FreedomPop has a number of offers and surveys you can participate in to earn extra data. Signing up for the Chili's email list, for instance, scored me 22MB of free data and only took a few seconds to do. I even got a coupon for free chips and queso.

Offers range anywhere from 4MB of data to a whopping 2.94GB. Some of them require you to actually pay for merchandise or services, though most of them are free. All of them want your email address, however. Though paid plans are also available, this is how FreedomPop makes its money. Every offer you sign up for puts a couple of cents in FreedomPop's pockets and a few megabytes of data in your till. That's fine by me.

If you don't want to jump through hoops for your data, you may be interested in one of the paid plans. $17.99 per month gets you 2GB of data. After that, each additional 1MB costs just $0.01 (which works out to $10 per 1GB). $28.99 per month is good for 4GB of data, $34.99 for 5GB, and $59.99 for 10GB, all with the same $0.01 charge for each additional megabyte you go over. So while it may not be free, those are some pretty great prices when compared with carriers like AT&T or Verizon Wireless. They may offer faster 4G LTE, but plans start at $50 per month, and only get you 4 or 5GB of data.

Keep in mind that FreedomPop currently uses Clearwire's 4G WiMAX network, which only covers about a third of the U.S. population. Be sure to check out Clear's 4Gcoverage mapto see if service is available where you live and where you plan to travel. You'll also figure that out when you try to sign up with FreedomPopyou won't be able to join the beta if you don't live within Clear's coverage area.

You can easily chew through 500MB of data on a rainy afternoon spent watching Netflix. If you're looking to stream music or video, you're better off with an unlimited data plan from a carrier like Clear, which offers unlimited 4G data for $49.99 per month on the same network.And now that Virgin Mobile has access to that very same WiMAX network, it too is worth checking out for inexpensive, contract-free mobile broadband. You can get 2GB of 3G data for $35 per month, or 5GB for $55, all with unlimited 4G WiMAX data. Performance should be equal across the board.

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FreedomPop Freedom Spot Photon

Berlin art show traces desire for freedom

An exhibition exploring the concept of freedom through post-World War II artworks begins a European tour here Wednesday, a stone's throw from where the Berlin Wall once stood.

With paintings, videos, photos, drawings and art installations, the "Desire for Freedom" exhibition at the German Historical Museum in central Berlin spotlights the work of more than 100 artists from the East and West since 1945.

Featured artists range from German painter Gerhard Richter, Belgian surrealist Rene Magritte and Christo, known for his environmental works of art including the wrapping of the Reichstag in Berlin in 1995.

"It's not in chronological order and national differences are not underlined because basic questions such as 'who am I?', 'to what extent am I free?', 'who are the others?' are always the same," curator Monika Flacke said.

She said that freedom originated from the ideas of the Enlightenment and was much wider than just the division between East and West which resulted from World War II.

Divided into 12 sections, the exhibition, in Berlin until February, seeks to outline the idea of freedom in its different guises, from revolution to utopia via politics and sustainable development.

Visitors are reminded on entering the display of Article One of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights".

The idea of freedom is "deeply anchored in Europe and has moved to America where it has also found expression in all these revolutions of recent years, in the Occupy movement, in student revolutions," Flacke said.

Berlin provides a fitting backdrop, having seen two dictatorships in the last century and been the setting of a peaceful revolution which led to the tearing down of the detested Wall in 1989 at the end of more than four decades of the Cold War.

And one photo by British sisters Jane and Louise Wilson questions repression or the deprivation of freedom with their work depicting a Berlin prison of former East Germany's dreaded Stasi secret police.

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Berlin art show traces desire for freedom

Pulpit Freedom: Should Churches Endorse Political Candidates?

A group of rebel pastors is breaking the U.S. tax code which prohibits churches and other non-profits from engaging in electoral politics

John Adkisson / Reuters

Pastor Mark Harris of First Baptist Church gives his sermon during the fifth and largest "Pulpit Freedom Sunday" in Charlotte, N.C., Oct.7, 2012.

Cohen is the author of Nothing to Fear: FDR's Inner Circle and the Hundred Days That Created Modern America

On Sunday Oct. 7, about 1,500 pastors of various faiths engaged in an organized act of civil disobedience: they endorsed political candidates from the pulpit, and many will continue to do so until election day. That may not sound like a crime, but the pastors were violating the U.S. tax code, which prohibits churches and other non-profits from engaging in electoral politics.

(MORE: The Decline of the WASP President)

Pulpit Freedom Sunday, organized by a group called Alliance Defending Freedom, has been an annual event since 2008. The participants are trying to bait the IRS into coming after them so they can mount a legal challenge to the politics ban. So far, no luck, though they show no signs of quitting.

Many of the participants are from conservative evangelical churches, and one critic Barry Lynn, executive director of Americans United for Church and State has argued that the Pulpit Freedom clergy want to elect Mitt Romney. It is hard to know how all of the actual endorsements broke down, but Lynns take may not be completely off.

(MORE: How Romneys Faith Could Help Him Win)

Indiana pastor Ron Johnson told his congregation that for people who believe in the Bible voting against President Barack Obama is a no-brainer. Jim Garlow told Skyline Church, a San Diego megachurch, that he himself planned to vote for Romney though he did not make a formal endorsement. (Some pastors avoided the presidential race altogether; Mark Harris of the First Baptist Church in Charlotte, N.C. only endorsed a Republican candidate for state Supreme Court.)

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Pulpit Freedom: Should Churches Endorse Political Candidates?

Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., Retains Freedom One Financial Group as 401(k) Plan Advisor

CLARKSTON, Mich., Oct. 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Clarkston, Mich.-based Freedom One Financial Group, a 401(k) plan recordkeeping and administrative service provider, announced today that Freedom One Investment Advisors, Inc. will provide 401(k) plan advisory services for Port Huron, Mich.-based Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C. Freedom One Financial Group Vice President of Strategic Growth & Development Errol Hau made the announcement.

Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., provides a full-spectrum of health care for women, offering knowledgeable and compassionate obstetrical care. Freedom One Financial Group will work with Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., to handle the company's retirement assets for participants.

The addition of Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C. to Freedom One Financial Group's growing client roster expands upon the company's continued storied growth in Michigan. As a Michigan-based company, the firm prides itself on partnering with other local companies within the state.

"By adding Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., to our roster of Michigan-based clients we are continuing to expand our footprint in the healthcare industry, which is a critical part of the state's economic landscape," said Hau. "We look forward to providing them our industry-leading participant education programs, which ensure employees stay on-track for meeting their retirement goals."

In a prepared statement, JoAnn Brooks, Office Manager of Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., stated "We recently decided to upgrade our existing profit sharing plan to add a 401(k) plan. When comparing potential providers we felt that partnering with an organization that specialized in providing advisory and administrative services for qualified plans was important. Freedom One has relieved us of a significant administrative burden, has brought us into full compliance and will save me hundreds of man hours a year; all while significantly reducing our fiduciary liability by providing independent investment advisory services. The transition was quick, smooth and professional. We have reduced our annual costs while adding a 401(k) to our plan, a real win-win!"

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Blue Water Obstetrics & Gynecology, P.C., Retains Freedom One Financial Group as 401(k) Plan Advisor

Council mulls over eco-park environmental permit

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SPELTHORNE Borough Council is looking at whether to seek a judicial review over the granting of an environmental permit for the controversial eco-park planned in Shepperton.

An email seen by the Herald & News from council leader Frank Ayers showed discussions were under way about whether to submit a legal challenge, after the Environment Agency granted the permit for the site in Charlton Lane.

Sita UK, which was granted planning permission for the waste disposal plant by Surrey County Council, said the permit gave the green light for the next stage of the application process - but the borough council, which has opposed the development, is now looking at the options available.

In his email, Cllr Ayers said: "Both the council's legal and planning department are looking at the EA decision, at first glance it would appear we would have very little chance of successfully mounting a legal challenge against the EA decision, however cabinet will wait for advice before reaching a final decision."

Spelthorne Against the Eco Park group member, Brian Catt, said: "We welcome the council to take some positive action to resist the application against the plant, and there seems to be grounds for appeal."

Commenting on the permit approval, Gareth Swain, regional manager at Sita Surrey, said: Were delighted to have received the environmental permit from the Environment Agency.

"Its an important step in creating the eco-park which will treat waste in a more cost effective and environmentally friendly way, while generating green electricity to power thousands of homes.

The eco-park's batch oxidisation gasification and anaerobic digestion system will deal with 40,000 tonnes of food waste and 60,000 tonnes of household rubbish a year, and will generate sufficient electricity to power thousands of homes.

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Council mulls over eco-park environmental permit

Panasonic Launches 'eco ideas' Factory in Vietnam

'eco ideas' Factory at Thang Long Industrial Park, Vietnam, to cement Panasonic's commitment to environmental sustainability

Hanoi, Vietnam, Oct 16, 2012 - (ACN Newswire) - Panasonic Vietnam Group (including Panasonic Vietnam, Panasonic System Networks Vietnam, Panasonic Industrial Devices Vietnam) at Thang Long Industrial Park is launched as the model 'eco ideas' Factory in Vietnam. The manufacturing site produces eco-friendly products with sustainable industry practices and is utilised in outreach activities to raise the level of eco consciousness in the community. In line with Panasonic's vision of becoming the No. 1 Green Innovation Company in the electronics industry by 2018, the 'eco ideas' Factory in Vietnam serves as a model factory and effectively integrates environmental contributions with business growth.

Panasonic Asia Pacific, headquarters for the Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa region, announced its regional 'eco ideas' Declaration in 2010 to promote the environmental sustainability initiatives of Panasonic and its commitment to contribute to a greener society. In line with this declaration, the Panasonic 'eco ideas' Factories in the region act as a platform to communicate Panasonic's 'eco ideas' commitments to external stakeholders and the community at large. The newly launched 'eco ideas' Factory in Vietnam will set the benchmark for the reduction of CO2 emission, waste generation and chemical substance usage in manufacturing facilities, enhancing recycle activities, thereby reducing environmental impact. The factory also seeks to raise awareness on environmental protection through collaboration with various organizations on programmes such as eco learning activities for youths.

At the launch event, Panasonic Vietnam Group organized factory tours for participating guests, including students. These tours enabled the guests to visualize and understand actual green manufacturing processes of this model 'eco ideas' Factory. In addition, an eco learning session was also conducted for the students so as to increase their understanding on the hot issue of the global climate change due to CO2 emission and stress the need for responsive actions.

Mr. Shinichi Wakita, General Director, Panasonic Vietnam Group, said at the press conference, "Environmental deterioration is prevalent not only in Vietnam, but also in many other parts of the world. The choice is ours to reduce the impact of this alarming trend and ensure environmental sustainability. 'eco ideas' and eco activities have been a core focus in Panasonic since 2007. We hope through the 'eco ideas' Factory and eco activities being conducted, Panasonic is able to play an effective role in changing mindsets and driving individuals to assume greater environmental responsibility in their communities."

Mr Nguyen Xuan Linh, Vice-Chairman of Hanoi Industrial and Export Processing Zones Authority, commented, "The environmental initiatives spearheaded by Panasonic are remarkable. Panasonic has demonstrated its strong commitment in contributing to the country's efforts in environmental protection. Indeed, the newly established 'eco ideas' Factory is a prime example of a manufacturer taking stewardship of its processes and products to mitigate any detrimental environmental impact. We hope such efforts will spur even more manufacturers to do the same."

Five Panasonic 'eco ideas' Factories have been set up in the Asia Pacific region thus far. In addition to Panasonic Vietnam Group at the Thang Long Industrial Park, Panasonic Asia Pacific has established Refrigeration Devices Company in Singapore, Home Appliances Company in Thailand, AVC (Audio Visual Components) Networks Company in Malaysia and Lighting Company in Indonesia. Panasonic Asia Pacific will next establish an 'eco ideas' Factory in India this December. By March 2013, Panasonic aims to have one 'eco ideas' Factory in each country with manufacturing sites in the region.

Panasonic Vietnam Group targets to reduce the CO2 emissions reduction per unit production this year and will continue to expand its corporate citizenship activities to incite environmental awareness amongst Vietnam's younger generation, through educational activities such as Kid Witness News, Eco Picture Diary contest and Panasonic Eco Learning Programme. The factory will look at increasing the participation in their educational programmes to 12,000 students by March 2014.

I. Overview of Panasonic Vietnam Group 'eco ideas' Factory's activities

- 'eco ideas' for Lifestyles -

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Panasonic Launches 'eco ideas' Factory in Vietnam

Eco-Safe to Install in Brazil

LOS ANGELES, CA--(Marketwire - Oct 15, 2012) - Eco-Safe Systems USA, Inc. ( PINKSHEETS : ESFS ) is pleased to announce the sale of the first Eco-Safe Ozone Disinfection System to be installed in Brazil.

Michael Elliot, CEO of Eco-Safe, stated, "A North American mining supply company did extensive research to determine the most robust aqueous ozone disinfection system for a company cafeteria near Petrolina in northeastern Brazil.They needed to select the most reliable system available, and supported by a company offering 24/7/365 remote customer service for tech support and Q&A.Eco-Safe's modular design offers years of trouble-free operation with only annual maintenance being required."

About Eco-Safe Systems:

Eco-Safe Systems, based in Los Angeles, is the manufacturer of patent pending water treatment and water reclamation systems.Our technologies produce ozonated water for food disinfection and water purification at significantly less maintenance cost and greater energy savings than our competitors in a completely green and organic manner.We currently offer supermarkets and restaurants a cost-effective way to safely extend the shelf life of meat, poultry, seafood, fruits and vegetables.All Food Industry products are National Sanitation Foundation, International (NSF) Registered.Please visit us at http://www.ecosafeusa.com for more information.

The foregoing contains forward-looking information within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties. The actual results may differ materially from such forward-looking statements.The company does not undertake to publicly update or revise its forward-looking statements even if experience or future changes make it clear that any projected results (expressed or implied) will not be realized.

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Eco-Safe to Install in Brazil

Encouraging bathing water quality results this year.

by Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture

The Department of Environment, Food and Agricultures Environmental Protection Unit, in conjunction with the Governments Analyst Laboratory has completed this years sampling and testing of sea water at the bathing beaches around the Island. The results, interpreted against the 1976 EU Bathing Water Directive, indicate only two beaches failed to achieve the mandatory standard, being Peel and Garwick (Baldrine). This is the best result since 2006 and the second best result since sampling commenced in 1989. This year beaches at Douglas Summerhill, Douglas Central, Douglas Broadway, Port Soderick, Port Grenaugh, Port St Mary, Port Erin, Fenella Beach in Peel, Glen Wyllin, Kirk Michael, Jurby, Port Lewaigue and Laxey all achieved the Good water quality standard whilst the beaches at Derbyhaven, Castletown and Bay-ny-Carrickey recorded Excellent quality bathing water. The results are a significant improvement on last year, which was particularly poor, when seven beaches failed to achieve the required standard for Good quality bathing water. The reason for such good results is not entirely clear as this season has experienced the heaviest summer rainfall since records began on the Island, and rainfall can lead to run-off from the land contributing to bathing water quality failures. This year the good and excellent results are consistent with those areas of the Island where sewage treatment via IRIS is complete, the 2 failures are both from areas where there is no sewage treatment. The Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority is progressing work on the Regional Sewage Treatment Strategy which will eventually pick up the remainder of the coastal sewage discharges for treatment, so far improvements are complete at Dalby, almost complete at Jurby and planned for Kirk Michael, all of which replace inefficient sewage treatment plants. It is hoped the continued progression of the Strategy will maintain the improvements in the quality of the Islands bathing waters. Brenda Cannell MHK, Member for The Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture said These results are very encouraging proving the environmental benefits of sewage treatment which would be difficult to demonstrate in the absence of the historic and continued monitoring. It is hoped that with progression of the Regional Sewage Treatment Strategy further improvements in bathing water quality will be seen. Bathing water results are on display at the 19 beaches monitored and can be found on the Environmental Protection Units page of the Department of the Environment, Food and Agricultures website (http://www.gov.im/daff/enviro/protection/).

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Encouraging bathing water quality results this year.

Local beaches get sand transfusions

By Rick Boone Fox 5 San Diego Reporter

8:15 a.m. PDT, October 16, 2012

SAN DIEGO - A massive dredging project is underway along San Diego County beaches in order to replenish the evaporating coastline.

In an attempt to give life back to oceanfront properties and beachgoers more room to play near the water, San Diego Association of Governments has construction crews in place digging, drilling, and altering the coast from the eroding coastline.

A pipeline is pumping sand from the ocean and kicking it onto the coastal lands.

Oceanside resident Hannes Niedner expressed his concern that waves are getting too close to his home.

Just last week, the tide hit the rocks near my place just swallowing the sand and making the beach invisible, said Niedner.

Oceanside is one of several locations getting a beach facelift. Crews will be working in Oceanside here for a few days, as well as similar projects in Encinitas and Solana Beach.

SANDAG posts beach progress updates on their Facebook and Twitter pages. The current project schedule is :

The projected cost of the project is $28 million.

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Local beaches get sand transfusions

Space is the new black

Austrian daredevil ... "Felix Baumgartner's 38.6-kilometre freefall from the edge of space had us staring in jaw-dropping awe at screens, setting social media alight." Photo: Reuters

Space is hip again. Whether it's a Felix Baumgartner skydiving his way past the sound barrier setting Twitter and YouTube on fire or the space shuttle Endeavour pulling big crowds in the streets of Los Angeles, the final frontier is back in vogue.

Just as families the world over gathered around the box and wireless for the 1969 moon-landing, Baumgartner's 38.6-kilometre freefall from the edge of space had us staring in jaw-dropping awe at screens, setting social media alight. More than 8 million watched the livestream as the Austrian daredevil, perched on a balloon capsule surrounded by the black of space, lunged into the void and tumbled to the blue Earth below. During the jump, half of Twitter's global trending topics discussed the jump, and the first photo of his triumphant air punch landing posted on Facebook was shared 29,000 times and liked 216,000 times in 40 minutes.

On the same day in Los Angeles, thousands of people lined the streets to cheer the slow crawl of the retired shuttle's final 20-kilometre journey from the airport to the California Science Centre, where it will go on display. A constellation of eager spectators had camped out the night before.

The space trend has been growing since August coincidentally, the same month astronaut Neil Armstrong died when the SUV-sized Curiosity rover made a "death plunge" to the surface of Mars, slowing from 21,600 km/h to zero in seven minutes. The hair-raising landing appeared live on the twin screens at Times Square in New York, and was streamed to Xbox 360 dashboards worldwide.

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The blogosphere promptly erupted, the ensuing coverage making a minor celebrity of flight director Bobak Ferdowski, 32. His multicoloured Mohawk haircut, created especially for the landing, scored him 54,000 new Twitter followers some making marriage proposals. A parody music video, We're NASA and We Know it (set to the tune of American electropop duo LMFAO's hit song) was out within days, and has so far had 2.5 million views.

Social media is now what television was to the early days of the space race; but it's also a more personal way for the closet space fan in all of us to connect directly with the exploration of the cosmos. Take the rover Curiosity: it has 1.2 million followers on Twitter, to whom it tweets its daily routine as well as links to pictures and video: A scoopful of Mars helps the science go down. Ready to 'rinse & spit' regolith to clean my sampling system.

NASA astronaut Mike Massimino, whose Twitter handle is @Astro-Mike, has 1.3 million followers, many of whom watched live as he became the first person to tweet from space. And shows like Big Bang Theory (23.5 million fans on Facebook) whose characters banter about Mars rovers and physics non-stop have helped make rocket science a lot cooler than it used to be.

Soon, space won't be just a vicarious pursuit: it'll be a place people will visit in their thousands. Cashed-up space entrepreneurs are popping up everywhere: Jeff Bezos (of Amazon.com fame) with his company Blue Origin; Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic; and Elon Musk of PayPal and Tesla Motors fame with Space X.

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Space is the new black

Researchers replicate white dwarf photospheres in lab using X-ray machine

Time-resolved spectrum of hydrogen Balmer lines in absorption from experiment z2244. Credit: arXiv:1210.0832 [astro-ph.SR]

(Phys.org)Researchers at Sandia Labs have used a large x-ray machine to create high-density plasma that approximates the photosphere of white dwarf stars. The team has posted a paper describing the process and how it can be used to assist astronomers to the preprint server arXiv.

White dwarfs are stars that have used up most of their fuelthey're made of mostly carbon and are covered by gasses similar to an atmosphere. Scientists use spectroscopy to identify the elements that make up the photosphere of such stars, and then use the blurringthe result of surface pressureto work out each star's gravity. With that information, researchers can calculate the star's radius and mass. This method is not precise, however, as researchers have found differences between calculations made using this method versus those found by measuring a star's movement through space.

To gain a better understanding of the nature of the gasses that surround white dwarfs, the research team at Sandia used an x-ray machine called the Z Pulsed Power Facility to heat a thin strip of gold held inside a hydrogen filled chamber. At temperatures of 10,000K, the hydrogen becomes high-density plasma (ionized gas), which, the team reports, bears a striking resemblance to gases covering white dwarf stars.

The researchers explain that by re-creating the conditions that exist in the photosphere surrounding white dwarfs they will be better able to understand what is going on with the stars themselves, as they cannot be seen through the gasses. Changing the conditions under which the plasma is created in the lab allows for the creation of a variety of gas cloud types which, in turn, allow the researchers to fine-tune their results. Eventually, they will be able to mimic conditions on individual white dwarfs, resulting in improved calculations used to describe the underlying star.

The x-ray machine is also capable of generating magnetic fields that are similar to those of white dwarf stars. By exerting such fields on the plasma generated, the researchers hope to gain a better understanding of how magnetic fields near white dwarfs impact the spectra of the gasses that surround them, which should help give a clearer picture of the stars themselves.

More information: Creating White Dwarf Photospheres in the Laboratory: Strategy for Astrophysics Applications, arXiv:1210.0832 [astro-ph.SR] arxiv.org/abs/1210.0832

Abstract Astrophysics experiments by Falcon et al. to create white dwarf photospheres in the laboratory are currently underway. The experimental platform measures Balmer line profiles of a radiation-driven, pure hydrogen plasma in emission and in absorption for conditions at T_e ~ 1 eV, n_e ~ 10^17 cm^-3. These will be used to compare and test line broadening theories used in white dwarf atmosphere models. The flexibility of the platform allows us to expand the direction of our experiments using other compositions. We discuss future prospects such as exploring helium plasmas and carbon/oxygen plasmas relevant to the photospheres of DBs and hot DQs, respectively.

2012 Phys.org

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Researchers replicate white dwarf photospheres in lab using X-ray machine