IGF-1 Receptor Variations and Sheep Longevity

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the more studied areas of known overlap between metabolism and longevity, but given the innate complexity of biology in mammals there is always some debate over the degree to which IGF-1-related mechanisms are actually determinants of life span, or even correlated with life span. Here is a study in sheep, not the usual species in investigations of the biochemistry of aging: "Longevity in livestock is a valuable trait. When productive animals live longer fewer replacement animals need to be raised. However, selection for longevity is not commonly the focus of breeding programs as direct selection for long-lived breeding stock is virtually impossible until late in the animal's reproductive life. Additionally the underlying genetic factors or genes associated with longevity are either not known, or not well understood. In humans, there is evidence that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is involved in longevity. Polymorphism in the IGF1R gene (IGF1R) has been associated with longevity in a number of species. Recently, 3 alleles of ovine IGF1R were identified, but no analysis of the effect of IGF1R variation on sheep longevity has been reported. In this study, associations between ovine IGF1R variation, longevity and fertility were investigated [in] 1716 New Zealand sheep belonging to 6 breeds and 36 flocks. ... Ovine IGF1R C was associated with age when adjusting for flock [and] a weak negative [correlation] between fertility and longevity traits was observed."

Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22585783

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

Investigating the Association of ApoE4 with Alzheimer's

Researchers continue to investigate why the ApoE4 gene variant is associated with Alzheimer's disease: "A well-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease triggers a cascade of signaling that ultimately results in leaky blood vessels in the brain, allowing toxic substances to pour into brain tissue in large amounts, scientists report ... a gene called ApoE4 makes people more prone to developing Alzheimer's. People who carry two copies of the gene have roughly eight to 10 times the risk of getting Alzheimer's disease than people who do not. [Scientists] found that ApoE4 works through cyclophilin A, a well-known bad actor in the cardiovascular system, causing inflammation in atherosclerosis and other conditions. The team found that cyclophilin A opens the gates to the brain assault seen in Alzheimer's. ... In the presence of ApoE4, increased cyclophilin A causes a breakdown of the cells lining the blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease in the same way it does in cardiovascular disease or abdominal aneurysm ... In studies of mice, the team found that mice carrying the ApoE4 gene had five times as much cyclophilin A compared to other mice in cells known as pericytes, which are crucial to maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Blood vessels died, blood did not flow as completely through the brain as it did in other mice, and harmful substances like thrombin, fibrin, and hemosiderin, entered the brain tissue. When the team blocked the action of cyclophilin A, either by knocking out its gene or by using the drug cyclosporine A to inhibit it, the damage in the mice was reversed. Blood flow resumed to normal, and unhealthy leakage of toxic substances from the blood vessels into the brain was slashed by 80 percent."

Link: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=3512

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

Investigating the Association of ApoE4 with Alzheimer’s

Researchers continue to investigate why the ApoE4 gene variant is associated with Alzheimer's disease: "A well-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease triggers a cascade of signaling that ultimately results in leaky blood vessels in the brain, allowing toxic substances to pour into brain tissue in large amounts, scientists report ... a gene called ApoE4 makes people more prone to developing Alzheimer's. People who carry two copies of the gene have roughly eight to 10 times the risk of getting Alzheimer's disease than people who do not. [Scientists] found that ApoE4 works through cyclophilin A, a well-known bad actor in the cardiovascular system, causing inflammation in atherosclerosis and other conditions. The team found that cyclophilin A opens the gates to the brain assault seen in Alzheimer's. ... In the presence of ApoE4, increased cyclophilin A causes a breakdown of the cells lining the blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease in the same way it does in cardiovascular disease or abdominal aneurysm ... In studies of mice, the team found that mice carrying the ApoE4 gene had five times as much cyclophilin A compared to other mice in cells known as pericytes, which are crucial to maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Blood vessels died, blood did not flow as completely through the brain as it did in other mice, and harmful substances like thrombin, fibrin, and hemosiderin, entered the brain tissue. When the team blocked the action of cyclophilin A, either by knocking out its gene or by using the drug cyclosporine A to inhibit it, the damage in the mice was reversed. Blood flow resumed to normal, and unhealthy leakage of toxic substances from the blood vessels into the brain was slashed by 80 percent."

Link: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=3512

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

Resilient Biochemistry in Naked-Mole Rats

Naked mole-rats are becoming very well studied. Researchers are attempting to find the root causes of cancer immunity and exceptional longevity in this species, with an eye to creating beneficial medical biotechnologies for humans. Fight Aging! has seen a couple of items on naked mole-rats already this month, which is illustrative of the present pace:

Present theories are varied, but on the longevity side of the house the consensus appears to lean towards an increased resistance to forms of cellular membrane damage - naked mole rat membranes are built of a more resilient mix of proteins than those of comparable species. This is known as the membrane pacemaker hypothesis of aging:

The membrane pacemaker hypothesis predicts that long-living species will have more peroxidation-resistant membrane lipids than shorter living species. ... Resistance to oxidative damage is of particular importance in mitochondria, cellular power plants that progressive damage themselves with the reactive oxygen species they produce as a byproduct of their operation - and that gives rise to a chain of further biochemical damage that spreads throughout the body, growing ever more harmful as you age. Less damage to the mitochondria should mean slower aging, and thus more resistant mitochondrial membranes should also mean slower aging.

Continuing the naked mole-rat theme for May, here is another just-published open access paper on the resilience of naked mole-rat biology (abstract, and full article):

Studies comparing similar-sized species with disparate longevity may elucidate novel mechanisms that abrogate aging and prolong good health. We focus on the longest living rodent, the naked mole-rat. This mouse-sized mammal lives ?8 times longer than do mice and, despite high levels of oxidative damage evident at a young age, it is not only very resistant to [cancer] but also shows minimal decline in age-associated physiological traits.

...

Like other experimental animal models of lifespan extension, naked mole-rat fibroblasts are extremely tolerant of a broad spectrum of cytotoxins including heat, heavy metals, DNA-damaging agents and xenobiotics, showing [median lethal dose] values between 2- and 20-fold greater than those of fibroblasts of shorter-lived mice. Our new data reveal that naked mole-rat fibroblasts stop proliferating even at low doses of toxin whereas those mouse fibroblasts that survive treatment rapidly re-enter the cell cycle and may proliferate with DNA damage. Naked mole-rat fibroblasts also show significantly higher constitutive levels of both p53 and Nrf2 protein levels and activity, and this increases even further in response to toxins.

...

Enhanced cell signaling via p53 and Nrf2 protects cells against proliferating with damage, augments clearance of damaged proteins and organelles and facilitates the maintenance of both genomic and protein integrity. These pathways collectively regulate a myriad of mechanisms which may contribute to the attenuated aging profile and sustained healthspan of the naked mole-rat. Understanding how these are regulated may be also integral to sustaining positive human healthspan well into old age and may elucidate novel therapeutics for delaying the onset and progression of physiological declines that characterize the aging process.

You might also look back a few years at other research into the role of Nrf2 in determining species longevity. The details can be a little overwhelming, but the big picture remains one of damage at the level of cells and protein machinery: less damage and more resilience to damage means a longer life span.

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

Arguing a Role for the Hypothalamus in Aging

Researchers here analyze the proteome of the hypothalamus and argue for an important role in coordinating bodily responses to ongoing changes caused by aging: "The aging process affects every tissue in the body and represents one of the most complicated and highly integrated inevitable physiological entities. The maintenance of good health during the aging process likely relies upon the coherent regulation of hormonal and neuronal communication between the central nervous system and the periphery. Evidence has demonstrated that the optimal regulation of energy usage in both these systems facilitates healthy aging. However, the proteomic effects of aging in regions of the brain vital for integrating energy balance and neuronal activity are not well understood. The hypothalamus is one of the main structures in the body responsible for sustaining an efficient interaction between energy balance and neurological activity. Therefore, a greater understanding of the effects of aging in the hypothalamus may reveal important aspects of overall organismal aging and may potentially reveal the most crucial protein factors supporting this vital signaling integration. In this study, we examined alterations in protein expression in the hypothalami of young, middle-aged, and old rats. ... Based upon our rigorous analyses, we show that endogenous physiological responses to aging may be strongly orchestrated by the expression level of the GIT2 protein. The relevance of the hypothalamic expression level of this protein to the aging process in both neuronal and energy-controlling tissues reinforces the importance of this organ in the potential future development of targeted pharmacotherapeutics designed to interdict a multitude of age-related disorders."

Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036975

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

S1P and Stimulation of Muscle Satellite Cells

A possible method of boosting muscle repair, and thus treating muscle wasting conditions - such as the sarcopenia that attends aging: "a lipid signaling molecule called sphingosine-1-phosphate or 'S1P' can trigger an inflammatory response that stimulates the muscle stem cells to proliferate and assist in muscle repair. ... mdx mice, which have a disease similar to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, exhibit a deficiency of S1P, [and] boosting their S1P levels improves muscle regeneration ... The ability of muscles to regenerate themselves is attributed to the presence of a form of adult stem cells called 'satellite cells' that are essential for muscle repair. Normally, satellite cells lie quietly at the periphery of the muscle fiber and do not grow, move or become activated. However, after muscle injury, these stem cells 'wake up' through unclear mechanisms and fuse with the injured muscle, stimulating a complicated process that results in the rebuilding of a healthy muscle fiber. S1P is a lipid signaling molecule that controls the movement and proliferation of many human cell types. ... S1P is able to 'wake up' the stem cells at the time of injury. It involves the ability of S1P to activate S1P receptor 2, one of its five cell surface receptors, leading to downstream activation of an inflammatory pathway controlled by a transcription factor called STAT3. [This results] in changes in gene expression that cause the satellite cell to leave its 'sleeping' state and start to proliferate and assist in muscle repair. ... If these findings are also found to be true in humans with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, it may be possible to use similar approaches to boost S1P levels in order to improve satellite cell function and muscle regeneration in patients with the disease. Drugs that block S1P metabolism and boost S1P levels are now being tested for the treatment of other human diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. If these studies prove to be relevant in Duchenne patients, it may be possible to use the same drugs to improve muscle regeneration in these patients. Alternatively, new agents that can specifically activate S1P receptor 2 could also be beneficial in recruiting satellite cells and improving muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophy and potentially other diseases of muscle."

Link: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120515070307.htm

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

More Health, Longevity, and Medical Cost Data from the Ohsaki Cohort Study

You might recall that late last year I pointed out a large Japanese longitudinal study on incidental moderate exercise and lifetime medical costs:

The authors followed up 27,738 participants aged 40-79?years and prospectively collected data on their medical expenditure and survival covering a 13-year-period. ... The present results indicate that the multiadjusted lifetime medical expenditure from the age of 40?years for those who walked ?1?h per day was significantly lower by 7.6% in men and non-significantly lower by 2.7% in women than for those who walked <1?h per day. This decrease in lifetime medical expenditure was observed in spite of a longer life expectancy (1.38?years for men and 1.16?years for women) among those who walked ?1?h per day.

In another, more open access recent paper, the same authors have crunched the numbers for variations in weight among study participants. The story is much the same, as one would expect:

Although four previous studies have examined the association between obesity and lifetime medical expenditure, the results were inconsistent. ... We therefore conducted a 13-year prospective observation of 41,965 Japanese adults aged 40-79?years living in the community, which accrued 392,860 person-years. We examined the association between BMI and lifetime medical expenditure, based on individual medical expenditure and life table analysis. We collected data for survival and all medical care utilisation and costs, excluding home care services provided home health aides, nursing home care and preventive health services in participants of this cohort study.

...

In spite of their short life expectancy, obese men and women had approximately 14.7% and 21.6% higher lifetime medical expenditure in comparison with normal weight participants, respectively.

Don't get fat, don't stay fat, and don't be a couch potato. Thus speaks the weight of evidence - but then we all knew that, right? Being unhealthy has definitive material costs in the long term: years of life shaved off, the rot of your body and mind, and the monetary cost of medical services you would otherwise not have needed. There are plenty of people in this world, far too many, who don't presently have the luxury of choice when it comes to being healthy: the genetically impaired, the immune-damaged, the infected, the wounded. Why fritter away your choice for the sake of eating and laziness? It is almost a gesture of contempt.

Source:
http://www.longevitymeme.org/newsletter/latest_rss_feed.cfm

Heart Disease, Diabetes, Depression a Deadly Mix

(HealthDay News) --
Heart disease, diabetes and depression can be a lethal triple-play -- boosting
a patient's death risk by 20 percent to 30 percent, new research shows.

"We do not know what this increased risk is due to, but it could either be
that depression influences crucial aspects of self-care behaviors needed to
manage diabetes or that a more severe disease process is reflected in more
depressive symptoms," said lead researcher Anastasia Georgiades, a
research associate in the department of psychiatry and behavioral science at Duke
University in Durham, N.C.

Georgiades was expected to present the findings Friday at the American
Psychosomatic Society annual meeting in Budapest, Hungary.

In their study, the Duke team followed 933 heart patients for more than four
years. During that time, there were 135 deaths among patients with type 2
diabetes and/or depression, the researchers found.

Among patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression who were also
diabetics, the researchers observed a significant 30 percent greater risk of
dying over the four-year period compared with patients with either depression
alone or diabetes alone. Read more…

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/integratedmedicine

Bipolar Kids May Focus on Different Facial Features

(HealthDay News) --
Children with bipolar disorder and a similar condition called severe mood
dysregulation spend less time looking at the eyes when trying to identify
facial features, compared to children without the psychiatric disorders,
researchers say.

This new study finding may help explain why children with bipolar disorder and
severe mood dysregulation have difficulty determining other people's emotional
expressions, said the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health investigators.

The researchers tracked the eye movements of children with and without
psychiatric disorders as they viewed faces with different emotional
expressions, such as happy, sad, fearful and angry. In general, the children
spent more time looking at the eyes, the facial feature that conveys the most
information about emotion. Read more…

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/integratedmedicine

Cell-based Cancer Immunotherapies. Some metrics..

Tweet 


Whatever one makes of Dendreon's challenges in bringing Provenge to market and then its ups and downs in the market, the whole affair has brought a much bigger spotlight to cancer immunotherapies and cell-based immunotherapies in particular.

This is true on all fronts.  Cancer immunotherapy conferences are popping up everywhere.  A growing number of of analysts are now covering a growing number of companies in the space with coverage ranging from bearishly critical to ebullient bullishness. Some venture capital firms are now loosening their purse strings for immunotherapy plays and both pharma venture funds and business development departments are now spending an increasing amount of time actively monitoring and exploring potential plays in the sector.



One of the best annual industry summaries of what is happening in the sector is sponsored by MD Becker Partners through its annual Cancer Immunotherapy: A Long Awaited Reality conference held each in New York, this year on October 4 and select video replays it hosts on its YouTube channel.

Some Segment Metrics
As part of our ongoing industry intelligence and consulting services we actively track the activity and progress of industry-sponsored clinical trials of all cell therapies in addition to the products already on the market.  Here's how our data stacks up regarding the cell-based immunotherapies segment of the sector:
Commercial:
  • Dendreon's Provenge
    • Autologous immunotherapy for prostate cancer (1 monthly dose for 3 months)
    • Efficacy: prolongs survival
    • Markets: only the United States (approved April 2010)
    • Next markets: submitted the marketing authorisation application to the EMA (European Medicines Agency) in early 2012 and hopes to introduce Provenge in the European market in 2013
    • 2011 Revenue $290,000
    • Projected 2012 Revenue: ~$380,000

Phase III or II/III:

Phase II or I/II

  • 50 industry-sponsored clinical trials of cell-based immunotherapies actively recruiting, active no longer recruiting, active not yet recruiting, or anticipated to commence yet in 2012
    • ~10 of these are expected to have readouts yet this year
    • Trial sites in US, Canada, UK, continental Europe, Israel, South Korea, India, Australia
    • Expected enrollment of 3,500+
Investment:

The following are notable cash infusions into the sector for 2012 to-date:
  • Bellicum Pharmaceuticals.  $20M series B. 
  • CellMedica. $15M grant from CPRIT in Texas.
  • Argos Therapeutcs. $25M Series D.
  • Northwest Bio.  $5.5M grant from German gov't Saxony Development Bank

Hope this is useful.

--

This post has been brought to you by your friends at CTG.  All cell therapy. All the time. 🙂  

-- Lee @celltherapy

p.s.  As always we welcome your feedback, comments, and corrections.  












Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/CellTherapyBlog

Painful Decisions Coming Up at Stem Cell Agency


The
Sacramento Bee
today ran a piece by yours truly in its California
Forum
section.

Here
is an excerpt. You can find the entire article here.

"They're
talking about pain at the $3 billion 
California stem
cell agency. And mortality. But not the end of life as you and I know
it.

"They're
talking about the pain that comes from cutting off millions of
dollars for scientists. They're talking about what will happen when
the state stops borrowing money to finance 
stem
cell research
 –
a final-breath moment that arrives in about five years....

"CIRM's
changing priorities create 'stark tension,' said one board
member, Michael Friedman, CEO of the City of Hope in the Los Angeles
area, in January. 'We're going to have to make some really
painful and difficult decisions,' he told directors.

"CIRM's
success – or lack of it – will play a critical role in its future
finances, whether they are based on another bond measure or private
support."

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

San Diego Biotech Firm Appeals Rejection of Cancer Stem Cell Grant


A San Diego biotech firm, Eclipse
Therapeutics
, whose multimillion dollar grant application was
rejected by reviewers at the California stem cell agency, is asking
the agency's board to overturn the decision next Thursday.
Eclipse, a spinoff from
Biogen Idec, said it is reducing its request from $3.5 million
because it has raised $2 million since it applied for the grant six
months ago. However, its appeal did not state specifically how much
it was now requesting from CIRM. The research involves cancer stem cells.
The company's appeal said that
during the period following submission of its application, it has accomplished all of the activities that CIRM had identified
as the first milestone in the research project. Eclipse also said it
has accomplished a number of activities in milestones two and three.
The firm said that it is now accelerating its IND filing by one year.
Eclipse was formed in March 2011 with
$2 million in seed funding from City Hill Ventures, also of San
Diego, according to a Bioworld article by Marie Powers. The
co-founders are Peter Chu, now president of Eclipse, and Christopher
Reyes
, chief scientific officer. Chu and Reyes ran Biogen Idec's
cancer stem cell program. They are also the applicants for the CIRM
grant.
Their appeal carried a routine cover
letter to the CIRM board from CIRM President Alan Trounson. He made
no comment on the worthiness of the request. On
an earlier appeal from Stuart Lipton of Sanford-Burnham, Trounson's
cover letter said Lipton's letter was "without merit."
Eclipse said its proposal received a
scientific score of 58 out of 100 from CIRM reviewers. CIRM, however, has not released the company's score. Two other proposals with scores of 53
were approved by reviewers.
For several years, CIRM has been
sharply criticized for its failure to fund businesses in a
significant way. It is currently moving to engage them more closely.
If Eclipse's appeal is successful, it will be one of less than 20
business to be funded without a nonprofit partner. Businesses have
received only about 4 percent of CIRM's $1.3 billion in awards to 494enterprises.
Appeals from rejected applicants
are included in the agenda material presented to the CIRM board, but
the board does not have to act on them or discuss them. Researchers
can also appear before the board to make a case.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Burnham's Lipton Appeals Rejection of $5 Million Grant Application


Sanford-Burnham researcher Stuart
Lipton
is seeking to overturn rejection of his application for a $5
million grant from the California stem cell agency, declaring that
reviewers misinterpreted the proposal and relied partly on
"grantsmanship" instead of science.
Lipton's proposal deals with strokes
and is one of 22 rejected by CIRM's reviewers in a $95 million
round that comes before the agency's directors next Thursday.
Lipton's letter to CIRM yesterday said
some of the reviewers' criticism was "completely unfounded,"
"incorrect" or "in error." The two-page letter
went into specific scientific detail.
In a cover letter to the CIRM board,
CIRM President Alan Trounson said Lipton's appeal was "without
merit." He did not go into details but said CIRM staff is
prepared to discuss it next Thursday.
The scientific score on Lipton's grant
was not disclosed by CIRM, but it appears to be between 62 and 53.
Two grants ranked at 53 were approved by reviewers. Appeals from
rejected scientists are included in the agenda material presented by
the board, but the board does not have to act on them or discuss them.
Researchers can also appear before the board to make a case.
Kristiina Vuori, president of
Sanford-Burnham, is a member of the CIRM board. She will be barred
from taking part in any discussion of Lipton's application or voting
on it.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Burnham’s Lipton Appeals Rejection of $5 Million Grant Application


Sanford-Burnham researcher Stuart
Lipton
is seeking to overturn rejection of his application for a $5
million grant from the California stem cell agency, declaring that
reviewers misinterpreted the proposal and relied partly on
"grantsmanship" instead of science.
Lipton's proposal deals with strokes
and is one of 22 rejected by CIRM's reviewers in a $95 million
round that comes before the agency's directors next Thursday.
Lipton's letter to CIRM yesterday said
some of the reviewers' criticism was "completely unfounded,"
"incorrect" or "in error." The two-page letter
went into specific scientific detail.
In a cover letter to the CIRM board,
CIRM President Alan Trounson said Lipton's appeal was "without
merit." He did not go into details but said CIRM staff is
prepared to discuss it next Thursday.
The scientific score on Lipton's grant
was not disclosed by CIRM, but it appears to be between 62 and 53.
Two grants ranked at 53 were approved by reviewers. Appeals from
rejected scientists are included in the agenda material presented by
the board, but the board does not have to act on them or discuss them.
Researchers can also appear before the board to make a case.
Kristiina Vuori, president of
Sanford-Burnham, is a member of the CIRM board. She will be barred
from taking part in any discussion of Lipton's application or voting
on it.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

CIRM's Improving Openness


The California stem cell agency this
week once again posted in a timely fashion important information
dealing with matters to be decided next Thursday by directors of the
$3 billion stem cell agency.
The agency's actions are a marked
improvement in openness and transparency compared to the practices
prior to the election last June of J.T. Thomas as chairman of the
CIRM board. Previously, background material on multimillion dollar
matters was not available much of the time until shortly before the directors meeting, making it virtually impossible for interested
parties or the public to comment or attend the sessions. Even CIRM directors would complain from time to time about the laggard performance.
According to the agenda, next week's meeting in San Francisco
will include approval of $95 million in new grants, consideration of
the first-ever performance audit of  which made 27
recommendations for improvement, action on the first-ever CIRM directors' code of conduct along with conflict of interest rules, changes in its loan policy and consideration of the agency's
strategy for the next five years.
In addition to the meeting site in San
Francisco, a public teleconference location will be available at UC
San Francisco
, two in Los Angeles and one in La Jolla. Specific
addresses can be found on the meeting agenda.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

CIRM’s Improving Openness


The California stem cell agency this
week once again posted in a timely fashion important information
dealing with matters to be decided next Thursday by directors of the
$3 billion stem cell agency.
The agency's actions are a marked
improvement in openness and transparency compared to the practices
prior to the election last June of J.T. Thomas as chairman of the
CIRM board. Previously, background material on multimillion dollar
matters was not available much of the time until shortly before the directors meeting, making it virtually impossible for interested
parties or the public to comment or attend the sessions. Even CIRM directors would complain from time to time about the laggard performance.
According to the agenda, next week's meeting in San Francisco
will include approval of $95 million in new grants, consideration of
the first-ever performance audit of  which made 27
recommendations for improvement, action on the first-ever CIRM directors' code of conduct along with conflict of interest rules, changes in its loan policy and consideration of the agency's
strategy for the next five years.
In addition to the meeting site in San
Francisco, a public teleconference location will be available at UC
San Francisco
, two in Los Angeles and one in La Jolla. Specific
addresses can be found on the meeting agenda.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Conflict of Interest: CIRM to End Contract with Consultant Linked to Grant Recipient


The California stem cell agency will
not renew a contract with a "special advisor" who has been
nominated to the board of directors of a firm that is sharing in a $14.5 million grant from the agency.
She is Saira Ramasastry, managing
partner of LifeSciences Advisory, LLC, of Emerald Lake Hills, Ca.
Ramasastry has worked for CIRM since May of 2010. Last month, she was
nominated to the board of Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., of Richmond, Ca.
Her responsibilities with CIRM have included "industry analysis
and consultation." Sangamo cited her experience with CIRM in its
press release on her nomination. She was also employed as a
consultant by Sangamo, according to the firm.
Ramasastry's dual roles raise obvious
conflict of interest questions. The case highlights the issues
that can arise between CIRM and the biotech industry as the agency
moves to engage industry more closely. CIRM's response additionally
demonstrates a lack of awareness of the potential for serious
mischief or worse when dealing with consultants.
The California Stem Cell Report asked
CIRM on May 6 for comment on the Sangamo-Ramasastry matter. The
questions included whether Ramasastry disclosed to CIRM her work for
Sangamo and whether CIRM took any action per the agency's conflict of
interest code. CIRM did not respond to the question of whether
Ramasastry ever disclosed her ties to Sangamo, which expects to
receive $5.2 million from the CIRM grant if it runs a full four
years.
Here is the text of CIRM's reply today
from spokesman Kevin McCormack.

"Saira Ramasastry was an
independent contractor. As required by law, we do ask independent
consultants to complete Form 700s(statements of economic interests)
if they participate in an agency decision making role. Her role did
not fall into that category - she was identified as a 'special
advisor' in connection with our external review process - and so she
did not have to fill out a Form 700. Her contract with CIRM comes to
an end at the end of June, and she will not be elected to Sangamo's
board of directors until July. Obviously once she is a member of the
Sangamo board she will not be consulting or advising CIRM because of
our strict conflict of interest rules."

(Editor's note: The board election is
June 21, according to the company, not July.)
Our take: CIRM is heavily dependent on
outside contractors. Expenditures for their services are the second
largest item in CIRM's operational budget, exceeded only by salaries
and benefits of regular employees. The responsibilities of outside
contractors cover a wide range of sensitive tasks including computer
system security, development of software that deals with proprietary
information from grant recipients, analysis of confidential business
operations of grant and loan applicants and much more.
The agency needs to know who their
consultants are working for besides CIRM. Whether they make decisions
for CIRM is beside the point. Gathering information that is not
normally accessible to the public can be extremely valuable to
businesses and their competitors as well as applicants for
CIRM's $3 billion. In Ramasastry's case, she was privy to a great
deal of confidential or economically useful information during her work on CIRM's external
review and likely much more.
The use of California's Form 700 is
hardly adequate to assess conflict of interest issues involving
private consultants. The form was developed in the 1970s to deal with
elected officials primarily and provides only the grossest sort of
look at financial holdings and income.
CIRM's current move to embrace industry
requires more scrutiny of conflicting interests – not less. NextThursday the CIRM board will deal with some of its conflict ofinterest rules. It is fine opportunity to ask for a sharper analysis
of conflict issues and consultants with an eye to strengthening CIRM
regulations and ensuring protection of the agency and its grantees'
work – not to mention the interests of the people of California.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Scripps CEO Joins Stem Cell Agency Board; Love Leaves


Michael Marletta
Scripps Photo

State Treasurer Bill Lockyer has
appointed Michael Marletta, president and CEO of the Scripps Research
Institute
, to the 29-member board of directors of the $3 billion
California stem cell agency.

Marletta fills the seat of Floyd Bloom,
also a Scripps executive, who resigned last year. Scripps has
received $45.3 million in funding from CIRM.
In a letter yesterday to the stem cell
agency, Lockyer said Marletta is a member of the National Academy of
Science, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
and the Institute of
Medicine.
Marletta joined Scripps in 2011 and became president in
January.
Prior to that, he was at the University
of California, Berkeley
, where he once served as chairman of the
department of chemistry, among other roles. An item on the Scripps
web site said Marletta "focused his research on the intersection
of chemistry and biology. He is acknowledged as a pioneer in
discovering the role of nitric oxide, a critical player in
communication between cells."
The CIRM board has another vacancy to
fill. Ted Love resigned last month after serving on the board since
its inception in December 2004. CIRM said Love, executive vice
president of Onyx Pharmaceuticals, resigned for personal reasons.
State Controller John Chiang is considering a number of candidates to
replace him. Love was the only African-American on the board.

Source:
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$95 Million in California Stem Cell Grants: Preview the Spending


For those interested in how the
California stem cell agency is going to spend its next $95 million,
you can check out short digests today of the 19 research grant applications, including reviewer comments, that are virtually certain of receiving the cash. 
The applications came in what CIRM
calls its "early translational III" round, which is
scheduled to be acted on by the CIRM board May 24 in San Francisco.
Digests of reviewer comments are
part of the directors' meeting agenda. They include scientific
scores, a statement from the applicant and a summary of what
reviewers had to say during their closed door sessions. But you won't
find the names of the applicants, their institutions or businesses.
The stem cell agency conceals the names of the winners until after
the board acts. Names of the unlucky ones are not disclosed by CIRM.
The agency says it does not want to embarrass anybody including the
institutions involved.
However, persons familiar with the area
of science involved may well be able to discern at least some of the
names of applicants from the information contained in the summaries.
Scientific scores of the successful
applicants ranged from 88 to 53. Nine grants scored higher than 53
but were rejected by reviewers(the Grants Working Group). The panel
turned down 22 applications overall. The CIRM board has final
authority on applications, but has almost never rejected a positive
decision by reviewers. Sometimes, however, it will overrule a
negative decision.
One successful application that was
scored at 53 involved ALS. The $1.7 million proposal was approved
for "programmatic reasons," according to the summary.
Often, programmatic motions for approval are made by CIRM board
members sitting on the review panel. However, the summary did not
disclose who made the motion or the vote. The summary said,

"The programmatic reasons provided
were that ALS is a devastating disease that is not well-represented
in CIRM's portfolio."

The other successful application that
scored at 53 sought $6.3 million for research involving heart
disease. The summary did not clearly identify the specific reason for
approving the grant on a programmatic motion. But it said,

 "The
GWG (grants working group) ... advised as a condition for funding
that the applicant consult additional vector specialists with
translational and clinical experience to select a more appropriate
vector to move this program towards the clinic." 

Again CIRM withheld the vote on the
motion and the name of the person who made the motion.
Applicants who have been rejected by
reviewers can appeal to the full board. So far no appeals have been
publicly posted by CIRM. The success rate on such appeals is mixed.
The translational round was open to
both academics and businesses, which have received a tiny fraction of
CIRM's $1.3 billion in spending so far. Some businesses have
complained publicly and, as well, to a panel of the Institute of
Medicine
that is evaluating CIRM's performance.
The California Stem Cell Report
yesterday asked CIRM for the number of businesses that applied in the
translational round, including the pre-application process, which is
used to whittle down the total number of applications. The request included total numbers as well. CIRM spokesman
Kevin McCormack declined to produce the figures prior to the CIRM
board meeting, saying they "won't be ready" until after the
session.   

Source:
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IP to Grant Oversight: Study Calls for Host of Improvements at California Stem Cell Agency


The $3 billion California stem cell
agency is laboring under a range of problems that include protection of
its intellectual property and management of its nearly 500 grants plus an inadequate ability to track its own performance, a seven-month
study said yesterday.
The performance audit by the Moss Adams accounting
firm of Seattle, Wash., made 27 recommendations for improvements,
including more effort to ease strain connected to the agency's
controversial dual executive arrangement. The study said that the
nearly eight-year-old agency has many "opportunities" to
"enhance performance reporting and decision making, strengthen
effectiveness and efficiency, retain essential human resources and
leverage technology."
In response to the report, the stem
cell agency said, "(M)anagement concurs with the findings and
recommendations....The recommendations are focused and constructive.
CIRM is already implementing many of these recommendations, and we
will be investigating the others in the coming months."
The performance audit is the first ever
made of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. The
audit is required by state law and was commissioned by the agency at
a cost of $234,944. For years, the agency for years had resisted calls for a
performance audit until it sought legislative approval in 2010 for
removal of a 50-person cap on its staff. Originally, the performance
audit legislation would have put the study in the hands of the only
state body charged with oversight of the agency and its board. CIRM,
however, was successful in lobbying to have that provision removed.
The 54-page report identified once
again a number of issues that have troubled the stem cell agency for
some years. Moss made 12 top priority recommendations, many of which
dealt with information technology and grants management. Many of the
recommendations focused on providing better and faster information on
performance outcomes, which the audit said has been slow to come and
hard to generate.
The report said,

"Key performance information is
not readily available to CIRM leadership and other stakeholders on an
ongoing basis. CIRM board members and senior management do not
receive regularly updated, enterprise-level performance information.
The ability to evaluate performance against strategic goals is
critical to effective leadership and program monitoring, evaluation,
and reporting."

The audit stated,

"CIRM does not effectively
communicate outcome-based performance internally or externally. As
such, CIRM does not focus on performance metrics as part of its
(staff) meeting process."

The report additionally said,

"CIRM does not have an integrated
financial information system....The use of spreadsheets results in
labor intensive processes to generate reports and respond to
information inquiries, since data must be pulled from multiple
spreadsheets, a process that may be prone to error. ...Spreadsheets
are not linked to each other or a master report. CIRM does not have a
comprehensive list of spreadsheets or instructions for how to
maintain the files or generate reports from them."

Moss Adams said that CIRM needed to do
a better job in "bond forecasting," a reference to the
California state bonds that finance virtually every aspect of the
agency's operations. CIRM directors were caught by surprise a few
years ago when they suddenly learned the agency was up against a
major cash crunch.
Some of the recommendations will
require more work from CIRM grantees and their technology transfer
offices in an effort to track intellectual property and grant outcomes.
The report also recommended a speed-up in CIRM's review of progress
reports from grant recipients, which have been lagging completion by
several months.
The dual executive arrangement, which
was written into law by Prop. 71, has troubled CIRM since nearly day
one. CIRM's own external review panel also identified it as problem
two years ago. The executive structure is virtually impossible to
change because of the political difficulty in making alterations in
the ballot initiative.
Moss-Adams said,

"The working relationship between
the chairman’s office and the president’s office has vastly
improved over the past year, but there are still opportunities for
improvement."

The performance audit recommended,

"Make every effort to manage and
operate as one cohesive organization, while recognizing the varying
roles, responsibilities, and authorities that exist with positions in
both the chairman’s office and president’s office."

One of the top 12 recommendations
involved CIRM's public relations/communications effort. CIRM
Chairman J.T. Thomas told directors last June that the agency was in
a "communications war."
Moss-Adams said,

"CIRM does not have a
communication plan, and there is lack of clarity on how to address
mission-based communication to CIRM’s various target audiences,
especially the general public....The best way to facilitate
results-based communications is to 1) quantify goals and outcomes in
CIRM’s strategic plan and 2) report on achievement of those goals
and outcomes by enhancing CIRM’s annual report with additional
performance-based information."

Another performance assessment of the
stem cell agency is also underway. It is being conducted by the
prestigious Institute of Medicine and is costing CIRM $700,000. That
report is expected this fall.
CIRM's board of directors is scheduled
to consider the Moss Adams report at its meeting May 24.
Our take: While the findings and
recommendations of the performance audit were delicately worded in
many cases, they brought out issues that need to be addressed, many
of which have been around for a great deal of time. At their meeting
next week, CIRM directors should act very directly on the
recommendations. They can do that by requiring a written report each
month from CIRM Chairman J.T. Thomas and CIRM President Alan Trounson
on the specific steps that they are taking to implement the
performance audit's recommendations. Otherwise, the inevitable drift
will set in.

Source:
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