Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – 2011 Lancet review

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating, age-related lung disease of unknown cause that has few treatment options.

IPF was once thought to be a chronic inflammatory process, but current evidence indicates that the fibrotic response is driven by abnormally activated alveolar epithelial cells (AECs).


Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) (click to enlarge the image).

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) produce mediators that induce the formation of fibroblast and myofibroblast foci through:

- proliferation of mesenchymal cells
- attraction of circulating fibrocytes
- stimulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The fibroblast and myofibroblast foci secrete excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (collagen), resulting in scarring and destruction of the lung architecture.


Mechanisms of IPF (click to enlarge the image). Image source: PLoS Medicine, Creative Commons license.

References:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The Lancet, Volume 378, Issue 9807, Pages 1949 - 1961, 3 December 2011.

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)

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Antibiotics prescribed during 21% of pediatric ambulatory visits; 50% were broad-spectrum

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for children with conditions for which they provide no benefit, including viral respiratory infections.

The researchers used the National Ambulatory and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care surveys from 2006 to 2008, which are representative of ambulatory care visits in the United States.

Antibiotics were prescribed during 21% of pediatric ambulatory visits; 50% were broad-spectrum, most commonly macrolides. Respiratory conditions accounted for >70% of visits in which antibiotics were prescribed.

The authors concluded that broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics is extremely common and frequently inappropriate.

Cough is one of the common reasons for unnecessary antibiotic prescription. As you can see from the diagram below, the differential diagnosis of chronic cough is broad and includes asthma and other conditions in which antibiotics are ineffective:

Differential diagnosis of cough, a simple mnemonic is GREAT BAD CAT TOM. Click here to enlarge the image: (GERD (reflux), Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR), Rhinitis (both allergic and non-allergic) with post-nasal drip (upper airway cough syndrome), Embolism, e.g. PE in adults, Asthma, TB (tuberculosis), Bronchitis, pneumonia, pertussis, Aspiration, e.g foreign body in children, Drugs, e.g. ACE inhibitor, CF in children, Cardiogenic, e.g. mitral stenosis in adults, Achalasia in adults, Thyroid enlargement, e.g. goiter, "Thoughts" (psychogenic), Other causes, Malignancy, e.g. lung cancer in adults).

References:

Antibiotic Prescribing in Ambulatory Pediatrics in the United States. Adam L. Hersh, MD, PhDa, Daniel J. Shapiro, BAb, Andrew T. Pavia, MDa, Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE. Pediatrics Vol. 128 No. 6 December 1, 2011, pp. 1053 -1061, (doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1337).

Image source: Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License.

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LSD to treat alcoholism?

Trippy

It might sound far out (man), but it seems LSD can treat alcohol dependency according to a meta-analysis of previous clinical trials.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, or (8?)-N,N-diethyl-6-methyl-9,10-didehydroergoline-8-carboxamide to give it its systematic name, was discovered by Albert Hoffman in 1943 and you can find out more about this amazing compound in our podcast. As mentioned in the podcast, Sandoz, the firm Hoffman worked for, thought that LSD might be useful in treating alcoholism and depression but that all kind of got side-lined with the rise in use of LSD as a mind expanding drug in the 60s.

However, in the 60s and 70s some trials to investigate LSD’s use in treating alcohol dependency were carried out. Teri Krebs and Pål-Ørjan Johansen, of the Department of Neuroscience at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trodheim, Norway, identified six trials that met their criteria for experimental setup and then pooled the results. They found that 59% of patients given a single dose of LSD showed improvement, compared with 38% of the control patients. This positive effect seemed to last between six and 12 months after just a single dose.

Krebs and Johansen don’t know how LSD helps with alcoholism, whether it adjusts brain chemistry, or the trip just helps patients gain more insight into their problems (there’s that expanding the mind thing again), but again it seems that revisiting a compound that has been written off can lead to new uses. Previously, Krebs and Johansen have suggested MDMA can treat post-traumatic stress disorder and of course thalidomide is now being investigated to treat cancer. Perhaps LSD is due for a rethink as well.

The research is published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology.

Laura Howes

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Materials in the flatland

Last night, Russian physics Nobel laureate Kostya Novoselov delivered the annual Kohn Award Lecture at Imperial College London, where he presented his vision for the future of two-dimensional materials. Novoselov, co-discoverer of graphene – the single atom thick chicken-wire-esque allotrope of carbon – told a packed lecture theatre that graphene could revolutionise the telecommunications and electronics industries.

With the election results in Russia just in and Vladimir Putin once more prime minister, Novoselov made an effort to keep away from politics, but did perhaps nail his colours to the mast when laying out what makes graphene so special. When he talked about conventional semiconductors he compared them to Russia and North Korea, describing them as one party states, where the border between the two isn’t very porous to movement – for this analogy the movement of electrons and holes. Graphene, by contrast, was compared to the US, where each state can be either Republican or Democrat – electrons or holes – but they can move freely between state borders.

Novoselov said that the future for graphene is likely to lie with combining it with other two-dimensional materials like boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, magnesium diboride and fluorographene. At Novoselov’s home in Manchester University, they’re already building sandwich structures of these compounds with the hope of building materials with unique properties. Novoselov says that they could have a huge range of uses from solar cells to LCD screen to touchscreen technology. But he predicts that the killer app for these materials is still out there waiting to be discovered – these materials will be more than just another replacement for other semiconductors. To find unique uses for these materials he says we’ll have to think outside the box.

Patrick Walter

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International women’s day

Today is international women’s day. That’s something to celebrate – women have made boundless contributions to our scientific and cultural advancement, from Marie Curie and the Bronte sisters to Ada Yonath and Dolly Parton.

But in another sense it’s an indictment of our culture that we feel we have to make special efforts to highlight these people’s work just because they are women. Should great contributions not be recognised simply on their own merit? Of course this is the ideal, but history tells us that ideals are rarely realised. Marie Curie was denied election to the French Academy of Sciences, despite discovering two new elements. The Brontes initially published many of their novels under male-sounding names to disguise their gender.

But while authors, artists, musicians and actors (barring the Rising Star award nominees for this year’s Baftas) seem to have made more progress in overcoming the burden of gender discrimination, despite the best of intentions, the statistics show that women are consistently under-represented in top leadership positions in industry and academia. There are a few exceptions – including (not before time) the RSC’s first ever female president, Lesley Yellowlees from the University of Edinburgh,UK. The deficit translates into media representation as well – how are we to inspire the next generation of female scientists (or businesswomen, or even politicians and journalists) when the ‘experts’ they see and hear consulted on TV, radio and in the newspapers are up to 80% male?

It’s not through lack of effort, but a result of the structure and systems behind business and academia. There are a barrage of initiatives and schemes aimed at overcoming these differences – the US National Science Foundation has committed to efforts to retain female graduates (of which there are more than men across the US in science subjects) in science-related research and industry, and schemes to try and change how the academic system works to make it easier for women to return to academia. Channel 4 and Sky News have pledged to up the number of female experts they consult to at least 30%.

Here’s hoping some of these measures begin to redress the balance and level the playing field a little. Maybe one day we’ll get over looking at race, gender, age and dress sense, and  judge people on their ideas and actions. Call me a dreamer if you will…

Phillip Broadwith

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Felted Organs

OnceAgainSam Heart felt

OnceAgainSam Felted Lungs

OnceAgainSam felted organs

Interior designer, author, jewelry designer and….felter, Once Again Sam is a creative powerhouse according to her bio on Etsy.  These life-sized organs are just of the few of the many felted awesomeness in her store.  They were created using a technique called, “needle felting to matte down dyed wool until it turned into solid felt, and eventually a soft but solid mass.”

View more of her work on Etsy!

 

[spotted by Chris Paluch]

 

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Mr Four Fingers Visions

Mr Four Fingers Design by Humans shirt

Mr Four Fingers Design by Humans shirt

Our friends at Mr Four Fingers have created yet another awesome shirt design for Design By Humans. The shirt is currently in voting to become a printed shirt on the site.  If you like it, take the time to give it a vote!

Mr Four Fingers talks about how this print came about:

I was recently working on a new FaceSkull portrait and after 5hrs, yes I’m slow trying to get it to look like the person, anyway, when I scanned in the image I realised that it looked nothing like the person! Shit biscuit.

So not wanting to waste some good hair and decided to create something new. So here is Visions—dark visions of the past, present and future. We decided to add to Design By Humans, as it’s better than the design just sitting on my mac doing jackshit.

Perfect example of even when a drawing isn’t turning out the way you first thought, you can still turn it into something fantastic!

 

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Anatomic Fashion Friday: A Ribcage in NY

Sartorialist Seventh Ave New York City

The Sartorialist is just one of the blogs on my daily list of reads in the morning.  He captures moments in fashion around the world, but most often on the streets of New York.  And it’s not just the fashions that stand out, but the photos themselves that seem so effortlessly captured.  I’m always left thinking, who are these fabulous people and where are they going??

This is one of the rare occasions that I’ve seen anatomical fashion captured.  The shoes, the ribcage jacket, and the short blonde hair, it’s all fabulous!  Love  how the crosswalk lines mirror the lines of the ribcage and how she stands out against all those people with umbrellas.  Brilliant.

 

 

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Seo Young Deok Bicycle Chains

Seo_Young Deok bicycle chain sculpture (5)

Seo_Young Deok bicycle chain sculpture (3)

Seo_Young Deok bicycle chain sculpture (2)

Seo_Young Deok bicycle chain sculpture (4)

Seo_Young Deok bicycle chain sculpture (1)

South Korean artist, Seo Young Deok creates beautifully accurate sculptures out of a single material, bicycle chain. He welds each chain in what becomes a long and intense process lasting months.  And while bicycle chains might be seen as a representation of the freedom a bicycle affords, Seo Young Deok’s sculptures seem heavy, damaged and oppressed.

His latest solo-exhibition, Dystopia, is currently travelling the world.  View more of his pieces at youngdeok.com.

 

[spotted by Dani B]

 

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All Heart by Brandt Botes

All Heart by Brandt Botes

Wonderful piece by illustrator and graphic designer Brandt Botes who owns his own boutique design shop in Cape Town, South Africa, called Studio Botes.  If you’re a Threadless fan, you may remember Brandt’s popular shirt and print, Stick Figures in Peril.

Brandt Botes Stick Figures in Peril

Love the way he combines anatomy and design. Take a look through more of Brandt’s delightful work at studiobotes.com.

 

 

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The importance of Life Insurance

Everyone should have some kind of life insurance. This will protect the family after you pass away. The last thing a family should be doing is cleaning up your financial situation. The amount of the insurance policy should be enough to cover any outstanding debt, pay off utility bills, pay off the home and to bury or cremate the body. It’s hard to swallow pride and go back to work right after losing someone so important to them.

There should be a little extra left over as a thoughtful gift of love and kindness. It should be enough to cover wages for them so they can take time off to grieve over the loss of you. The family will have time to heal knowing that the insurance took care of everything.

No one knows when their final day on earth will be. Having a backup plan just in case things don’t go as planned is a great idea. Life insurance is that backup plan. This will get the family over the rough patch of missing you in their lives. It’s already a stressful time and life insurance will help the family focus on the next unknown chapter of their lives.

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Advanced biorefinery in lower termite – Effect of combined pretreatment during the chewing process

Background:
Currently, the major barrier in biomass utilization is the lack of effective pretreatment of plant cell wall (PCW) so that the carbohydrates can be subsequently hydrolyzed into sugars to be fermented into fuel or chemical molecules. Termites are highly effective in degrading lignocellulosics thus can be used as model biological systems for studying plant cell wall degradation.
Results:
This study discovered combination of specific structural and composition modification of lignin framework and partial degradation of carbohydrate in softwood with physical chewing in termites C. formosanus, which is critical for efficient cell wall digestion. Comparative studies on the termite-chewed and native (control) softwood tissues at the same size were conducted with the aid of advanced analytical techniques; such as, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, along with thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The results strongly suggested a significant increase in the softwood-cellulose enzymatic digestibility after termite chewing, accompanied with utilization of holocellulosic counterparts and increase in hydrolysable capacity of lignin collectively. In another words, termite chewing process should have combined with specific biological pretreatment on the lignin counterpart in the plant cell wall, resulting in increased enzymatic cellulose digestibility in vitro. For the specific lignin unlocking mechanism at this chewing stage, there were mainly specific bonds cleavage of its network, together with modification and redistribution of its functional groups in the resulting chewed plant tissue for better exposure of the carbohydrate within the plant cell wall. Moreover, cleavage between holocellulosic network and lignin molecule during the chewing process resulted in a much better exposure of the carbohydrate within the plant cell wall.
Conclusion:
Collectively, these data indicated participation of lignin-related enzyme(s) or polypeptide(s) and/or esterase(s), along with involvement of cellulases and hemicellulases in the chewing process of C. formosanus, resulting in a mechanical and enzymatic combined for efficient initial pretreatment on biomass. This process could be mimicked for industrial biomass conversion.Source:
http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/rss/

Coriander oil (cilantro) can be used to treat food poisoning and drug-resistant infections

By Jonathan Benson

Food-borne illness outbreaks and the growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" are two very serious societal problems for which researchers say they are actively looking for viable solutions. But one such solution found right in nature is coriander oil, which has been found to kill a number of different bacterial strains, as well as aid in digestion and treat the symptoms of food poisoning.

Dr. Fernanda Domingues and her colleagues from the University of Beira Interior in Portugal tested the effects of coriander oil, an essential oil extracted from the seeds of the coriander plant, also known as cilantro, on twelve different bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella enterica, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the infamous hospital superbug. Read more...

AyurGold for Healthy Blood

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Discover New Treatments For Parkinson’s Disease

Nearly one million people in the United States are living with Parkinson’s Disease. Although there is no cure, there are medications and surgical options that can help manage symptoms optimally.

Winthrop-University Hospital’s Perspectives in Health series will offer a free seminar for the public, “Discover New Treatments for Parkinson’s Disease,” on Tuesday,

March 20, at 7:00 PM. The program will be held at Winthrop’s Community Outreach Center, located at 101 Mineola Boulevard at the corner of Second Street in Mineola. The speakers, who are two leading experts in the field of Parkinson’s, will provide information about the most advanced treatment options and will explain the evaluation process for treating the disease.

Nora L. Chan, MD, Director of the Movement Disorders Program at Winthrop, will discuss how to optimize the medical management of the disease, and address the nonmovement related issues of Parkinson’s, such as problems with cognition, depression, fatigue, and sleep.

Brian Synder, MD, will explain surgical techniques, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), an innovative, sophisticated technology that targets regions deep within the brain to control motor symptoms. A question and answer period will be included in the program.

Attendees are asked to arrive at 6:45 PM for registration. Parking and the entrance are available in the rear of the building. Seating is limited and pre-registration is required. To reserve a space, please call (516) 663-8300.

For information on other programs at the Hospital, please call 1-866-WINTHROP, or visit http://www.winthrop.org/communityprograms.

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QR Pharma Awarded Funding By Michael J. Fox Foundation To Test Posiphen As A Treatment For Parkinson’s Disease

BERWYN, PA.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–

QR Pharma, Inc. (QR) a clinical stage specialty pharmaceutical company committed to developing therapeutics with novel approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, announced today that The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF) awarded the company $468,000 to conduct research for the development of Posiphen to treat PD. QR will collaborate with Robert Nussbaum, MD, Professor, Department of Medicine and Chief, Division of Medical Genetics at the University of California, San Francisco and Jack T. Rogers, PhD, Associate Professor Psychiatry (Neuroscience) at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Genetics and Aging Research Unit.

Mutations and overexpression of alpha-synuclein (a-SYN) have been shown to cause familial PD while genetic association studies indicate a-SYN is a key risk factor in sporadic PD. Evidence suggests that therapies that can reduce a-SYN expression may block its pathogenic actions and therefore be useful in treating PD. In vitro studies conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital demonstrate that Posiphen lowers a-SYN levels by inhibiting a-SYN translation.

To establish efficacy in PD, Posiphen will be tested in transgenic mice engineered by Dr. Nussbaum’s group at UCSF that express mutant human a-SYN. These mice exhibit early gastrointestinal dysfunction at three-months and motor abnormalities later in life, mimicking what is found in PD patients. Studies will be conducted to test, among other things, Posiphen’s ability to reverse these abnormalities to establish pre-clinical efficacy as a basis for future testing in humans.

“Our animal model is based on the initial work we did 15 years ago identifying alpha-synuclein as the first human gene which, when mutated, causes Parkinson disease,” said Dr. Robert Nussbaum. “Our model recapitulates the early signs of the disease and is well suited to test therapies directed toward regulating alpha-synuclein expression either on the gene or on the protein level.”

“Alpha-synuclein is a high-priority target for our Foundation, as there is evidence that it plays an important role in both genetic and idiopathic cases of PD,” said Kuldip Dave, PhD, associate director of research programs at MJFF. “QR Pharma’s drug Posiphen has been shown to block the synthesis of alpha-synuclein. By decreasing alpha-synuclein levels in the brain, Posiphen could potentially be a novel treatment for PD.”

“We are pleased that The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research sees the potential of Posiphen in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease,” said Maria Maccecchini, Chief Executive Officer of QR. “We look forward to working with the excellent research teams led by Dr. Nussbaum and Dr. Rogers.”

About Posiphen . QR’s lead Posiphen is a small orally active compound with high blood brain barrier permeability, which lowers levels of toxic protein aggregates. It targets the mRNA of a number of proteins that are overexpressed in several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Down syndrome. It is in clinical development as an oral treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Posiphen reduces the rate of synthesis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in cell cultures, normal, transgenic and trisomic mice as well as in humans. Posiphen also inhibits the synthesis of tau and alpha-synuclein in mice and humans. These neurotoxic aggregating proteins induce dysfunction, neuroinflammation and lead to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.

About QR Pharma, Inc. Headquartered in Berwyn, Pennsylvania, QR Pharma, Inc. is a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company committed to developing therapeutics with novel approaches for the treatment of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Down syndrome (DS). QR currently has three product development programs – Posiphen for early stage AD and PD and BNC for advanced AD. For more information on QR Pharma, please visit the company’s website, http://www.qrpharma.com.

About The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research. As the world’s largest private funder of Parkinson’s research, The Michael J. Fox Foundation is dedicated to accelerating a cure for Parkinson’s disease and improved therapies for those living with the condition today. The Foundation pursues its goals through an aggressively funded, highly targeted research program coupled with active global engagement of scientists, Parkinson’s patients, business leaders, clinical trial participants, donors and volunteers. In addition to funding more than $285 million in research to date, the Foundation has fundamentally altered the trajectory of progress toward a cure. Operating at the hub of worldwide Parkinson’s research, the Foundation forges groundbreaking collaborations with industry leaders, academic scientists and government research funders; increases the flow of participants into Parkinson’s disease clinical trials with its online tool, Fox Trial Finder; promotes Parkinson’s awareness through high-profile advocacy, events and outreach; and coordinates the grassroots involvement of thousands of Team Fox members around the world. Now through December 31, 2012, all new and increased giving to The Michael J. Fox Foundation, as well as gifts from donors who have not given since 2010 or earlier, will be matched on a dollar-for-dollar basis with the $50-million Brin Wojcicki Challenge, launched by Sergey Brin and Anne Wojcicki.

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OPKO Health and The Scripps Research Institute Announce Global License Agreement for a Novel Compound That Blocks …

MIAMI & JUPITER, Fla.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–

OPKO Health, Inc. (NYSE: OPK – News) and The Scripps Research Institute today announced a global agreement for the development and commercialization of SR 3306, a novel compound discovered by scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute that blocks the destruction of brains cells in animal models of Parkinsons disease. Under the terms of the agreement, The Scripps Research Institute has granted to OPKO Health exclusive worldwide rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize SR 3306 and related compounds that inhibit a class of enzymes called jun-N-terminal kinsases (JNK) that play an important role in neuron survival. The new compound, a small molecule known as SR-3306, would potentially be the first to protect the brain from the ravages of Parkinson’s disease.

This licensing agreement will help insure that the development of this promising compound keeps moving forward, said Scripps Research Professor Philip LoGrasso, whose laboratory has led the research on the compound to date. This is one of the best opportunities we have for the development of an effective neuroprotective treatment for Parkinsons patients.

We are excited to be working with Dr. LoGrasso and The Scripps Research Institute to develop this important compound which could prevent the progression of Parkinsons disease and not just treat the symptoms of the disease, said Phillip Frost, M.D., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of OPKO. Parkinson’s disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that reduces the brain’s ability to produce dopamine, affects about one million Americans. Currently prescribed drugs for Parkinsons disease including levodopa and so-called MAO-B inhibitors can counteract symptoms of the disease but not stop its progression.

SR-3306 was described in a pair of studies led by Dr. LoGrasso and published in February 2011 in the journal ACS Chemical Neuroscience.

About The Scripps Research Institute

The Scripps Research Institute is one of the world’s largest independent, not-for-profit organizations focusing on research in the biomedical sciences. Over the past decades, Scripps Research has developed a lengthy track record of major contributions to science and health, including laying the foundation for new treatments for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, and other diseases. The institute employs about 3,000 people on its campuses in La Jolla, CA, and Jupiter, FL, where its renowned scientists including three Nobel laureates work toward their next discoveries. The institute’s graduate program, which awards Ph.D. degrees in biology and chemistry, ranks among the top ten of its kind in the nation. For more information, see http://www.scripps.edu.

About OPKO Health, Inc.

OPKO is a multi-national biopharmaceutical and diagnostics company that seeks to establish industry-leading positions in large and rapidly growing medical markets by leveraging its discovery, development and commercialization expertise and novel and proprietary technologies.

Forward Looking Statements:

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Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies Awarded Patent for Technology to Assess Parkinson’s Disease

VALLEY VIEW, Ohio, March 9, 2012 /PRNewswire/ –Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies announced today that they have received allowance of claims from the U.S. Patent Office for an application covering their Movement Disorder Monitoring System and Method for quantitative assessment of motor symptoms associated with movement disorders. The claims cover a system and method of wireless patient-worn motion sensors that assess tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and dyskinesias associated with diseases like Parkinson’s and essential tremor. This innovative medical technology has applications for both in-clinic and home-based patient care, optimizing programming for deep brain stimulation, and providing quantitative endpoints to determine efficacy of clinical trials. When used in telemedicine applications, physicians utilize a web interface to track symptom responses and fluctuations.

To address the growing market need for standardized and ambulatory assessment of movement disorders, Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies has been committed to the commercialization of the Kinesia and Kinesia HomeView medical technology platforms since 2003. “The allowance of our patent claims continues a successful commercialization path for our Parkinson’s assessment systems intended to help physicians maximize therapeutic benefits and ultimately improve patient quality of life,” says Joseph P. Giuffrida, PhD, President. “Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies is uniquely positioned in the movement disorders market as a world leader in medical device development and manufacture of technologies to standardize, automate, and remotely capture patient assessments. This heightened intellectual property position builds on and protects our previous commercialization efforts and continued market growth.” Dr. Giuffrida also thanked the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute on Aging for their continued support of these technologies.

The company is committed to building its intellectual property portfolio which will cover new applications arising from several on-going clinical studies. “We have a broad range of patent applications in the pipeline and expect this to be the first of many to cover our innovative product base of movement disorder technologies,” says Brian Kolkowski, PhD, Executive Vice President and General Counsel. “In addition, this patent represents a first step as wecontinue with international filings to protect our technology portfolio to support our growth into international markets.”

About Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies is committed to pioneering innovative biomedical technologies to serve research, education, and medical communities, improving access to medical technology for diverse populations and positively impacting quality of life for people worldwide.

Media Contact Amelia Earhart, Marketing Manager – 216-446-2413 – aaearhart@GLNeuroTech.com

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Past Pregnancies May Protect Against MS

Study: Multiple Sclerosis Risk May Drop by 50% After First Pregnancy

By Brenda Goodman, MA WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

March 7, 2012 — Pregnancy appears to play a strong role in whether or not a woman may develop the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS), according to a new study.

The study involved more than 800 women between the ages of 18 and 60. Nearly 300 of them had experienced a first episode of MS symptoms. The other women were healthy and were included for comparison.

Women in the study with at least one child had about half the risk of early MS symptoms compared to women without children. And that risk appeared to drop with each additional child. Women with three children had a 75% lower risk of early MS symptoms compared to women without children. In women with five or more children, risk of early symptoms was slashed by 94%.

Those benefits remained even after researchers accounted for other factors associated with the likelihood of developing MS, like level of education, smoking, skin damage and sun exposure, and certain susceptibility genes.

Researchers say they’re pretty sure that it is something about pregnancy — rather than being a parent or raising children — that’s protective, because they saw no difference in men.

The study is published in the journal Neurology.

Although it is already known that a woman with MS may see a decrease in her symptoms while pregnant, other large studies have not seen an association between pregnancies and MS. But researchers think that may have something to do with when women were included in the studies.

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Multiple Sclerosis Awareness Week activities in Sanger

Contributed

The City of Sanger is coordinating with the National Multiple Sclerosis Society to recognize March 12 18 as MS Awareness Week.

The local MS chapter and volunteers will decorate downtown Sanger with orange colored ribbons on March 11 and will take them down on March 19.

If you would like to get involved contact Ana Hernandez at 439-2154 or seintern@nmss.org.

Symptoms may be mild (numbness in the limbs) or severe (paralysis, loss of vision). The progress, severity, and specific symptoms of MS are unpredictable and vary from one person to another. Today, new treatments and advances in research are giving hope to people affected by the disease. For more information about MS visit http://www.nationalMSsociety.org/cal.

The following are comments from the readers. In no way do they represent the view of thesangerherald.com .

You must register with a valid email to post comments. Only your Member ID will be posted with the comments.

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Multiple Sclerosis Awareness Week activities in Sanger

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