Just blame it on your genes

I am becoming increasingly suspicious of articles and media reports that claim something to the effect that ""X" is no longer most common cause of "Y"; Genetic cause found for disease".

Such as the case with this story below at bottom of this post.

In medical school you are taught few absolutes.  There are always "exception to the rule", common diseases may have rare presentations, rare diseases may have common presentations, for that disease but common to a host of other diseases, possibly making recollection and detection of the rare disease harder, because you are also taught that common diseases present commonly, that's why they are called common. 

I do however recall a few absolutes, including that prostitutes get cervical cancer, nuns get endometrial cancer, smoking causes lung cancer and pancreatitis is caused by gallstones and alchohol.  Of course, not all smokers get lung cancer and some cases of lung cancer occur in non-smokers and not all nuns get endometrial cancer (thought to be due to high levels of unopposed estrogen levels due to lack of pregnancy-induced elevated progesterone levels that intermittently oppose the estrogen).

Anyways, you get the idea.  Most medical students are taught a mnemonic for the causes of acute pancreatitis, like the one below (courtesy of Wikipedia).  "I get smashed" is a family-friendly compared to the mnemonic for the bones of the wrist. 

So, now why, for this first time since Hippocrates to Virchow to Will and Charlie Mayo to Dr. Gregory House is alcohol not one of the most common reasons for pancreatitis?  Did our genes change to the point they cause disease we use to credit to other causes?  Have the genes that cause alcoholism mutated to the point they no longer cause alcoholism and therefore potentially some cases of pancreatitis?  Wait, isn't it genes that cause us to drink in the first place? 

Certainly there are certain genotypes and phenotypes that predispose individuals to the development of gallstones which could leave home and travel down the bile duct and get lodged and cause the pancreas to digest itself.  If we are talking specifically about chronic pancreatitis, can eliminate gallstones since gallbladder surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed and without gallstones hard to get recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis. 

Obviously autoimmune diseases have a genetic basis and thus one could attribute genetic causes to their primary disease and its complications.  Other metabolic conditions like those listed below including high lipids and triglycerides also have a genetic basis. 

Harder to come up with scorpion bites as having a genetic cause unless you are pre-programmed at birth and destined to get a PhD in scorpion biology and it presents an occupational hazard or you live in an area indigenous to such creatures without fear of being stung. 

The truth of the matter is that a number of diseases are caused by human actions, inactions or behaviors that results in modifications of cells and tissues beyond normal and cause pain and suffering.

On the other hand, genetic factors on some level probably do control those actions, inactions or behaviors that prevent or cause disease, so I guess you can attribute every disease to bad genes.

That means I do not need to remember any more mneumonics when all the causes are actually one big single cause.  Think I will have a drink. 

A common mnemonic for the causes of pancreatitis spells "I get smashed", an allusion to heavy drinking (one of the many causes):

This mnemonic is also roughly arranged according to the frequency of its causes. Thus: Gallstone pancreatitis is more common than pancreatitis caused by alcohol, trauma, or steroids.

Alcohol May No Longer Be Primary Cause Of Chronic Pancreatitis
Reuters (3/10, Grens) reports that genetic factors may be replacing alcohol as the major cause of chronic pancreatitis, according to a study in the journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Researchers analyzed the medical records of patients who were treated for chronic inflammation of the pancreas at 20 medical centers. They determined that approximately three out of every 10 cases of pancreatitis were due to genetic diseases, immune system disorders, or other factors, such as physical damage. In another three out of 10 cases, the study team could not determine the cause for chronic pancreatitis, but they noted that patients in the group had higher than average smoking rates.

"Play Dead," Todd Robbins and Teller, The Players Theatre, New York


The other night, I took my boyfriend out for a night of good, scary, compelling fun at Todd Robbins' and Teller's (of Penn and Teller) new production "Play Dead," on view now at The Players Theatre in New York City.

The production is difficult to describe in normal theater terms; it is kind of like a haunted house meets a 1950s ghost show meets a piss take on a Victorian séance meets a high-end Vegas magic show all staged on a David Lynch film set. The main presence in the production is side-show performer Todd Robbins; he has a wonderfully compelling presence, equal parts passionate story teller, confidence man, and emphatic and empathetic debunker of spiritualist trickery. The piece is a kind of fun yet thoughtful meditation on the mysteries of death, the history of historical monsters in their various forms, and the ways--compellingly demonstrated in the show--that death and loss still make us easy prey for "spiritualist" hucksters.

I don't want to say too much more, as so much of the fun of the production come from the element of surprise, but I will say this: I was seriously amazed; I was amused; and we are still talking about it. I very much recommend checking it out.

"Play Dead" is being staged at The Players Theatre, 115 MacDougal Street, New York. You can find out more--and get tickets--by clicking here.

Full disclosure: I received free tickets from the Play Dead Production Company in exchange for reviewing this show. Lucky for me I really really enjoyed it! And so did my impartial boyfriend.

Image: From the Studio 360 website.

"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe" Exhibition, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Through May 15th






Wow. WOW.

This just in: On view until May 15th of this year at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, a new exhibition of relics and reliquaries entitled "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe."

To get a sense of the kinds of treasures that await, check out the Treasures of Heaven "Digital Monograph" (from which these images were drawn) by clicking here.

Press release for the exhibition follows:

Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe
Feb. 13, 2011 - May 15th, 2011
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland

First major U.S. exhibition of Christian relics and reliquaries co-organized by the Walters, the Cleveland Museum of Art and the British Museum

Baltimore—The Walters Art Museum will host an exhibition offering visitors a glimpse into the Middle Ages, a time when art mediated between heaven and earth and wondrous objects of gold, silver and precious gems filled churches and monastic treasuries. Relics, the physical remains of holy people and objects associated with these individuals, play a central role in a number of religions and cultures and were especially important to the development of Christianity as it emerged in the Late Roman world as a powerful new religion. On view at the Walters Feb. 13–May 15, 2011, Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe is the first exhibition in the United States to focus on the history of relics and reliquaries—the special containers to display the holy remains of Christian saints and martyrs. The exhibition is organized by the Walters Art Museum in partnership with the Cleveland Museum of Art and the British Museum.

Reliquaries proclaimed the special status of their sacred contents to worshipers and pilgrims, and for this reason, were often objects of artistic innovation, expressions of civic and religious identity, and focal points of ritual action. This exhibition will feature 133 metalworks, sculptures, paintings and illuminated manuscripts from Late Antiquity through the Reformation and beyond. It will explore the emergence and transformation of several key types of reliquary, moving from an age in which saintly remains were enshrined within closed containers to an era in which relics were increasingly presented directly to worshipers.

Many of the reliquaries in the exhibition have never before been seen outside of their home countries. Objects are drawn from celebrated public and private collections in the U.S. and Europe, and also from important church treasuries. In addition to the three organizing museums, world-renowned institutions, including the Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago and the National Gallery of Art, are lending works to the exhibition. Nine works are traveling from the Vatican collections, including three reliquaries that were once housed in the Sancta Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies, the private relic chapel of the Pope.

Visitors will witness the transformation of reliquaries from simple containers for the earthly remains of Christian holy men and women to lavishly decorated objects of personal and communal devotion.

"As early as the second century AD, the relics of Christian saints—including their bones, ashes and other bodily remains—were thought to be more valuable than the most precious gemstones. They were believed to be a conduit for the power of the saints and to provide a direct link between the living faithful and God," said Martina Bagnoli, Robert and Nancy Hall associate curator of medieval art and exhibition co-curator. "These remains were treated with reverence and often enshrined in containers that used luxurious and precious materials to proclaim the relics' importance."

The medieval devotion to relics gave birth to new forms of architecture and prompted significant developments in the visual arts. The reliquaries showcased in Treasures of Heaven provide evidence of religious objects traveling across tremendous distances and of people making pilgrimages across the Mediterranean to walk in the footsteps of important figures from sacred history. Powerful in inspiring religious devotion among believers, reliquaries became cutting-edge works of art that combined innovative techniques with beautiful design.

"Those who come to the exhibition thinking that the Middle Ages are only a period of darkness will be surprised," said Martina Bagnoli.

Highlights of Treasures of Heaven include:

  • Reliquary Bust of St. Baudime, c. 1180-1200,Parish Church of Saint-Nectaire, Puy-le-Dôme
  • This nearly life-sized bust is one of the earliest surviving objects of its kind and travels outside of France for the first time.
  • Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045, Cleveland Museum of Art
  • This work is from the Guelph Treasure, one of the most important church treasuries to have survived from medieval Germany.
  • Head Reliquary of St. Eustace, c. 1200, British Museum
  • This head-shaped reliquary contained fragments of the skull of the Roman military leader Saint Eustace...

You can find out more about the exhibition here, and more about the topic of relics and reliquaries on the Treasures of Heaven "Digital Monograph" by clicking here. You can purchase the exhibition catalog by clicking here.

All images from the Treasures of Heaven "Digital Monograph;" you can find out more about them the images, and peruse the website, by clicking here. It was unclear how many of these are in the physical exhibition.

"Freaks and Monsters and Fairies, Devils, and Fantasy Tour of Florence," Fall, 2011, Dr. Kathryn Hoffman


Friend of Morbid Anatomy Kathryn Hoffmann of the University of Hawaii, Manoa has just announced that she will be leading a "Freaks, Monsters, and Fairies, Devils, and Fantasy" tour of Florence, Italy this upcoming fall semester. The tour will take in, in Hoffman's own words, "wax anatomical models of course, as well as the devils of Florence, reliquaries, the history of court and fairground stars with corporeal anomalies, and the original dark version of Pinocchio, where he came to a sad end in Book 5. I'm going to teach and take students out of the classroom and into the museums and churches."

Applications are due on April 1; for more information, email professor Hoffman at hoffmann [at] hawaii.edu.

So wish I could make it!

Please click on the image to see a much larger version.

"Proteus" Screening with Film Maker David Lebrun, Observatory, April 1st






This April Fools Day, why not join Morbid Anatomy and Observatory for a screening of one of our absolute favorite films, Proteus, featuring an introduction by--and Q and A with--the film's maker, David Lebrun, in a rare East Coast appearance?

The film Proteus details the biography and struggles of biologist and artist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) who, as the copy for the film describes, "found himself torn between seeming irreconcilables: science and art, materialism and religion, rationality and passion, outer and inner worlds." Lebrun tells Haeckel's tale with inventive and almost chillingly beautiful animation constructed almost entirely from 19th Century archival images, with the most stirring and awe-inspiring sequences created from quick successions of scores of Haeckel's astonishing depictions of protista, as seen above in some of his drawings, and in the video clip at about 5:10 minutes in.

We are thrilled to be hosting two screenings of the film, one at 7 PM and one at 9 PM, in conjunction with Proteus Gowanus Interdisciplinary Gallery and Reading Room. Film maker David Lebrun will be on hand at each to introduce the film and to answer any questions you might have.

Please pass this on to any interested parties, and hope very very much to see you there!

Date: Friday, April 1
Time: 7:00 PM and 9:00 PM (2 Screenings)
Admission: $5
Presented by Morbid Anatomy in partnership with Proteus Gowanus

The ocean is a wilderness reaching 'round the globe, wilder than
a Bengal jungle, and fuller of monsters, washing the very wharves
of our cities and the gardens of our sea-side residences.

-- Henry David Thoreau, 1864

For the nineteenth century, the world beneath the sea played much the same role that "outer space" played for the twentieth. The ocean depths were at once the ultimate scientific frontier and what Coleridge called "the reservoir of the soul": the place of the unconscious, of imagination and the fantastic. Proteus uses the undersea world as the locus for a meditation on the troubled intersection of scientific and artistic vision. The one-hour film is based almost entirely on the images of nineteenth century painters, graphic artists, photographers and scientific illustrators, photographed from rare materials in European and American collections and brought to life through innovative animation.

The central figure of the film is biologist and artist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). As a young man, Haeckel found himself torn between seeming irreconcilables: science and art, materialism and religion, rationality and passion, outer and inner worlds. Through his discoveries beneath the sea, Haeckel would eventually reconcile these dualities, bringing science and art together in a unitary, almost mystical vision. His work would profoundly influence not only biology but also movements, thinkers and authors as disparate as Art Nouveau and Surrealism, Sigmund Freud and D.H. Lawrence, Vladimir Lenin and Thomas Edison.

422px-haeckel_stephoidea_edit1The key to Haeckel's vision was a tiny undersea organism called the radiolarian. Haeckel discovered, described, classified and painted four thousand species of these one-celled creatures. They are among the earliest forms of life. In their intricate geometric skeletons, Haeckel saw all the future possibilities of organic and created form. Proteus explores their metamorphoses and celebrates their stunning beauty and seemingly infinite variety in animation sequences based on Haeckel's graphic work.

Around Haeckel's story, Proteus weaves a tapestry of poetry and myth, biology and oceanography, scientific history and spiritual biography. The legend of Faust and the alchemical journey of Coleridge's Ancient Mariner are part of the story, together with the laying of the transatlantic telegraphic cable and the epic oceanographic voyage of HMS Challenger. All these threads lead us back to Haeckel and the radiolaria. Ultimately the film is a parable of both the difficulty and the possibility of unitary vision.

DAVID LEBRUN has served as producer, director, writer, cinematographer, animator and/or editor of more than sixty films, among them films on the Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca, a 1960s traveling commune, Tibetan mythology and a year in the life of a Maya village. He edited the Academy-award winning documentary Broken Rainbow, on the Hopi and Navajo of the American Southwest. Proteus premiered at Sundance and has won numerous international awards. The two-hour documentary feature Breaking the Maya Code (2008) tells the story of the 200-year quest to decipher the hieroglyphic script of the ancient Maya of central America; a drastically shortened version was broadcast on the PBS series NOVA and has been seen on television around the world. His experimental and animated works include the animated films Tanka (1976) and Metamorphosis (2010), works for multiple and variable-speed projectors such as Wind Over Water (1983), and a 2007 multimedia performance piece, Maya Variations, created in collaboration with composer Yuval Ron. Lebrun has taught film production and editing at the California Institute of the Arts and has curated numerous art exhibitions. He was president of First Light Video Publishing from 1987-1996, and since then president of Night Fire Films. He was a founding Board Member of the Center for Visual Music (CVM) and is on the Advisory Board of the Chabot Space & Science Center’s Maya Skies project. For a complete biography and filmography, please visit http://www.nightfirefilms.org.

You can find out more about the film by clicking here, and more about this event on the Observatory website by clicking here; you can access these events on Facebook here (7 PM) and here (9
PM). You can get directions to Observatory--which is next door to the Morbid Anatomy Library (more on that here)--by clicking here. You can find out more about Observatory here, join our mailing list by clicking here, and join us on Facebook by clicking here.

Images: From Ernst Haeckel's Die Radiolarien, Berlin, 1862. And special thanks to Ben Cerveny for turning me onto this wonderful film so many years ago.

Happy Saturday

UPDATE:  SOLVED by Patrick at 12:17 CDT

Welcome to another scintillating riddle.  Okay, maybe “scintillating” isn’t the correct word, but I feel like patting myself on the back today.

On this day in 1915 Pluto was photographed for the first time.  Of course, nobody realized they had photographed the dwarf planet, and it was officially discovered 15 years later.

Ready now for your riddle?  I have a nice one lined up for you today.  Get your neurons fired up; you’re looking for something in the real world.

Found on a constellation card published in London in 1825

This is a modern discovery.

You’re looking for a different kind of Diva…

…and she’s not alone.


Some people say this is like a smoking chimney.

Others say it’s a ticking bomb.

It’s also been likened to a gun barrel pointed right at Earth.

NASA/Swift/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith and John Jones

It contributes to the formation of a shape very common in nature.

We are watching this Diva’s violent death throes, and the death throes of its companion.

In astronomical terms, this object is in our back yard.

Yves Grosdidier (University of Montreal and Observatoire de Strasbourg), Anthony Moffat (Universitie de Montreal), Gilles Joncas (Universite Laval), Agnes Acker (Observatoire de Strasbourg), and NASA

That should do it.  You know where to find me, so come on and talk to me.

 

NASA SMD Leaves ESA Standing At The Altar

European Space Missions to Go It Alone After NASA Yanks Support, Science

"European space scientists are scrambling to rethink--and redesign--massive potential missions after it was confirmed that NASA, whose budget is in disarray, won't contribute significant funding to any of the efforts. NASA's decision "means in principle that none of the three missions is feasible for ESA [European Space Agency]," notes Xavier Barcons of the Cantabria Institute of Physics in Spain."

NASA Money Woes Batter Planetary Flagship Budget, Space News

"NASA could be forced to impose a roughly $1 billion cap -- including launch costs -- on any new planetary flagship mission it undertakes this decade, far less than the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) recommended for this class of probe in its most recent survey of planetary priorities and more in line with what the agency spends on medium-sized missions."

European Space Agency to go it alone on next generation space mission, Nature

"The European Space Agency has postponed its selection of a large space mission to launch in the 2020-2021 timeframe, following advice from NASA that the US is unlikely to be able to contribute its share of funding to the winning selection. The selection of the so-called L-class mission had been expected to take place this June, but is now set for February 2012. "The decision was made very reluctantly," says David Southwood, Director of Science and Robotic Exploration at ESA Headquarters in Paris, France,"NASA could not meet our timetable to launch."

Future of NASA Planetary Flagship Missions in Doubt, SpacePolicyOnline

"During a meeting with the Planetary Science Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council today, however, PSD Director Jim Green made clear that the total amount of funds he thinks he will have for a flagship mission is only $1 billion. The rest of the funds would have to come from an international partner."

Jim Green's Charts

CAD Problem

I have been using Auto CAD LT. For years I have been having to re-trace my boundary lines. There is no rendering in this old version.

When I fill in with a solid hatch I lose my lines and the colors make the drawing look bad.

Any simple suggestions as to how to keep the boundary lines so the hatch

Nukes

How to stay safe and healthy as radiation from Japan reaches USA 1-Stop smoking. 2-Wear your seat belt. 3-Don't talk on phone or text while driving. 4-Look both ways before crossing the street. 5-Eat less. 6-Exercise more......... The point is every day people expose themselves to mo

I’ve got your missing links right here (19 March 2011) | Not Exactly Rocket Science

Top ten picks

For obvious reasons, this week’s picks will take a slightly different format. First up is a list of my favourite coverage of the Japanese crisis, followed by five other top picks.

Explainers

Maggie Koerth-Baker wrote the best “explainer”, heads and shoulders above the rest in terms of clarity. Is everything you know about nuclear power plants out of the Simpsons? Start here.
Other good explainers: John Timmer at Ars Technica, The Economist, and an excellent, unique video explainer from the Guardian, featuring Ian Sample looking over at the week’s events.
Andrew Maynard was one of the first with a good guide on the health effects of radiation. Also have a look at this Knight Tracker post for links to other good (and very bad) explainers on how radiation is measured and what it does to you.
Chris Rowan wrote a great explainer about the earthquake and tsunami at Scientific American
Cristine Russell compares the Fukushima situation to Three Mile Island, which she reported on, and suggests some good sources

Reporting

Geoff Brumfiel and David Cyranoski absolutely killed with their reporting over at Nature. Their landing page on the situation would probably be my first port of call ...

Leftists join with Nazis in Holland to Protest Jews

AMAZING VIDEO!! - MUST SEE!

From Eric Dondero:

Two weeks ago, a Jewish ethnic music band played at an arena in Holland.

A socialist member of parliament organized a protest of Leftists and Palestinian groups.

NeoNazis showed up. Instead of rejecting the participation of the Nazis, the Leftists joined in unison with their chants.

At first Muslim protesters can be heard shouting in Arabic. Later, Nazis can be heard grunting anti-Jewish slogans, while Leftist protesters clang metal instruments and blow whistles.

Netanyahu on Europe’s Far Left – Radical Muslim alliance

Leftists, National Socialists, and Islamists have one common enemy

We reported here at LR last Sunday:

According to the Scandanavian right-libertarian blog Tundra Tabloids via an on-site reporter:

A christian group, Christians for Israel, organized three benefit concerts here in Holland with cooperation of the Israeli army band, Tzahal.

A Socialist Member of Parliament Anja Meulenbelt organized a protest of Left groups and Palestinian sympathizers against the appearance of the Israelis.

NeoNazis showed up and joined in with the Leftists and Islamists.

In a video that was shot of the protest, NeoNazis can be heard chanting anti-Jewish slogans, with the Leftists banging drums and blowing whistles in unison.

"Strange union... radical Muslims stone women, execute gays..."

Now this, conservative Benjamin Netanyahu quoted at the Washington Times, "Israeli PM bashes European ‘fusion’ of radical Islam, far left" March 17:

“There is a new boiling anti-semitism of radical Islam that sweeps Europe as a whole, and there’s a strange fusion – it’s the only word I can use to describe it — a fusion with the anti-semitism of the radical far far left,” Mr. Netanyahu said in an interview on CNN’s Piers Morgan Tonight.

“This is the strangest union you could possibly contemplate,” he said, “because radical Muslims: they stone women, they execute gays, they are against any human rights, against feminism, against whathaveyou. And the far left is supposed to be for these things.”

Islamist Hamas attacks Israel

50 Mortar Shells hit southern Israeli town

Just breaking from YnetNews.com "Dozens of mortar shells hit South":

Hamas military wing claims responsibility for more than 50 mortar shells fired at western Negev communities. Two people lightly hurt; building sustains heavy damage. IDF bombs Gaza targets in response; injuries reported

Reuters - Africa is reporting:

Israeli media reports put the number of shells fired by militants at around 50, making it one of the heaviest barrages launched by militants for months.

Islamist Hamas, which rules the Gaza Strip, claimed responsibility for firing 10 of Saturday's mortars, an unusual move after a long period in which it had let other smaller militant groups do its bidding.

Barack H. Obama Elementary School to close

by Clifford F. Thies

The first school named after President Barack H. Obama to close is the Barack H. Obama Elementary School of Asbury Park, New Jersey. The school, formerly known as Bangs Avenue school, was re-christianed, oops, re-named after President Obama. I suppose the idea was to replace the image created by an inner city school named "Bangs Avenue," with the proper, government school image that you can have self-esteem without having accomplished anything in your entire life.

Schools have been renamed after President Obama in 13 states of the United States as well as in his native country of Kenya. The city of Obama, Japan, was not named after him. Rather, he was re-named after the city. That is, the city was named centuries ago, and nobody is revealing what name is actually on the guy's birth certificate.

Video: Extreme Garage Makeover

Did you know that a CR4 blogger is featured in the current Sears Tool catalog? Chris Duke (motorztv) is the host and executive producer of a do-it-yourself (DIY) web TV show, iTunes podcast, and TV program called Motorz. By showing automotive enthusiasts how to install products on their vehicles