The Gulf’s Endangered

Roseate Spoonbill by Bill Stripling, courtesy of the National Audubon Society

Two diaries on a progressive website, Daily Kos, include some wonderful photos of endangered animals impacted by the ongoing and growing Gulf of Mexico oil leak.  There are lots of photos there, and seeing them makes it even harder to imagine the potential loss of these animals.   Oil Impacted Creatures – A Photo Diary by Haole in Hawaii and  Oil Spill Threatening Endangered Birds: DK Greenroots by FishOutofWater.  They are definitely worth a look.  Pilot whales, pictured below, are said to have a brain as complex as humans, or nearly so. 

Pilot Whale

The following cartoons sum up some of the politics around the oil leak and the frustration of all of us who can only sit and watch and wait.  You can find more cartoons like this here.

NASA Hosts Its First Naturalization Ceremony


Think about those instances that take your breath away or bring a tear to your eye . . . singing the national anthem as F-15s soar overhead . . . watching the Changing of the Guard at Arlington National Cemetery . . . or emotion a space shuttle rumble into orbit from your own backyard.

Those tug-at-your-heartstrings kind of moments washed over the Rocket Garden at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex on July 1 as 110 people from 36 countries took the Oath of commitment to become full-fledged American citizens. As they prepared for their graduation-type ceremony, Margaret Iglesias, the Orlando Field Office director of Citizenship and Immigration Services, asked the applicants a few questions.

"Anyone excited?" The group erupted in cheers and praise as they waved their American flags in the air.

"Anyone want to change their mind?" Everyone shouted "No!"

For some, the road to becoming an American citizen has been a lengthy one. George William Dunne, a priest at St. Stephen's Catholic Church in Winter Springs, Fla., came to the United States from Ireland in 2001, and wasted no time submitting the paperwork and going through the interview process.

"It happened that I applied after 9/11, which changed everything, of course," Dunne said. "What might have been a shorter process became a very lengthy process."

Dunne said a few members of his congregation work at the space center and that it is such an honor to be among the first group of applicants to be naturalized at a NASA facility. "It's a very emotional moment to be doing it here of all places," Dunne said. "For an Irish-American to do it in a place named after John F. Kennedy . . . the greatest Irish-American, for us anyway . . . I'm very, very happy that it's happened here. It's a historic day and it's always good to be a part of history."

In a place that is as American as the bald eagle, where the historic Redstone, Atlas and Titan rockets stand tall, Kennedy's Director of Education and External Relations Cheryl Hurst welcomed the applicants to the spaceport.

"Candidates, you've lived in the United States, but today you'll become full partners in the family that is America . . . and we at the Kennedy Space Center welcome you," Hurst said.

The Transportation and Security Administration Honor Guard posted the American, Homeland Security and NASA flags, and then 10-year-old Searra Weeks, a fifth-grade student at Robert Louis Stevenson Elementary School in Merritt Island, Fla., sang the national anthem. The applicants stood, put their right hand over their heart and sang along.

Next, Kennedy Center Director Bob Cabana took to the podium to offer some words of encouragement.

"You know, those of us who were born in the United States, we take a lot for granted . . . and sometimes we don't appreciate the rights and privileges we have in this country," Cabana said. "All of you . . . you had a choice, you weren't born here. You chose to live here and that's special. You recognize that this truly is the greatest nation on our planet.

You know, this is a nation where a small farm boy from Minnesota, the grandson of Norwegian immigrants, can end up flying in space. Dreams come true in this nation if you work hard and apply yourself."

Before all the applicants received their papers, certifying them as American citizens, all-star players from the North Merritt Island Little League led them in the Pledge of Allegiance.

"So, what's more American than that, right? Rockets, baseball, if we only had apple pie," said Kathy Redman, the director of Citizenship and Immigration Services' Tampa District.

Jamaican-born Mikenna Jumpp, a member of the Army Reserve, and three other members of the military, received special recognition for defending a country they now can officially call home.

As Jumpp's father found her in the crowd, he gave her a kiss on the forehead, told her he was proud and said he had tears in his eyes when her name was called.

"I'm proud to be a citizen," Jumpp said. "I've been living the citizen life for as long as I've been here, but I'm proud to have it on paper now."

Jeff Hartigan, who was born in Vancouver, Canada, brought along his wife, Stacey, and two daughters, 2-year-old Hadlyn and 2-month-old Hensley.

"To be among the shuttles and rockets was pretty cool, and to be able to sit there next to a Saturn (rocket) so close to the Fourth of July . . . it was very patriotic," Hartigan said. "It gives you chills, certainly as a newcomer to the country."

Hartigan said his wife and children were born in the U.S. and that after nine years it is "nice to be a part of the club."

"That's why we brought them today . . . because they are a part of this whole thing," Hartigan said. "One day we can pull out the pictures and look back at this day and I can tell them a story about how dad wasn't originally born in this country, but is now a part of it."

President Barack Obama also sent along a recorded message: "It's an honor and a privilege to call you a fellow citizen of the United States of America. This is now officially your country, your home to protect, to defend and to serve through active and engaged citizenship.

"You can help write the next great chapter in our American story . . . and together, we can keep the beacon that is America burning bright for all the world to see."

About 3,800 applicants will become citizens at 55 special ceremonies held across the country and around the world July 1-6. Next up for those who began their new journey at Kennedy, is to create their own All-American, fill-your-heart-with-pride kind of moments.

View my blog's last three great articles...

Saturation

Greeting all,

Can any body give me some information regarding to saturation consideration difference in salient pole machines and iron rotor turbogenerators.

P1 to P8

Dear,

I would like to join A 106 to SA 240 (type 316 L) with combination of welding process (TIG+SMAW)

Is it possible to weld using ER 316 L on root pass and ER 309 L on remaining passes

Laboratory Automation White Paper:Achieving Best Practices with Total Laboratory Automation

FREE Special Edition White Paper

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Making the Most of Clinical Laboratory Automation: Achieving Best Practices with Total Laboratory Automation in Your LaboratoryEvolution of the clinical pathology laboratory has been one long progression of advances in technology. These improvements have transformed pathology and laboratory medicine from the manual performance of individual chemistries or hematology tests to sophisticated diagnostic analyzers that perform multiple laboratory tests in an automated format. This review discusses the methods currently available to improve medical laboratory process efficiencies. It ends with discussion of the merits of “closed” versus “open” total laboratory automation applications.

The Dark Report is happy to offer our readers a chance to download our recently published White Paper “Making the Most of Clinical Laboratory Automation: Achieving Best Practices with Total Laboratory Automation in Your Laboratory” at absolutely no charge. This free download will provide readers with a detailed overview of the increase in clinical lab efficiency and flexibility dictate that medical laboratories will need to automate to achieve the cost savings, elimination of labeling errors and optimize use and safety of skilled medical technologists.

A key point in the laboratory automation design is to quantify the savings. This calculation is referred to as return on investment (ROI) or “pay-back” period. Essentially this is the reduction in laboratory personnel resulting from the application of a lab automation system. Our experience is that 20-30% fewer FTE’s are required after automation. In turn, improved staff productivity is a key element which is the key in calculating the ROI.

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Steps that are recommended for choosing an automation system include:

  1. A thorough evaluation of your laboratory work flow to understand each step of your current processes.
  2. Evaluate each vendors approach to provide the optimum most efficient solution to satisfy your laboratories needs.
  3. Determine whether an open or closed system provides the best solution for decreasing costs and improving efficiency including flexibility for future expansion or other changes.
  4. For more steps please CLICK HERE...

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Table of Contents

Introduction - Page 3

Chapter 1. Continuous Flow Automation - Page 6

Chapter 2. Pre-Analytical and Post Analytical - Page 8

Chapter 3. Planning For The Automated Laboratory - Page 12

Chapter 4. Open versus Closed Continuous Automation Systems - Page 15

Chapter 5. Determine Return On Investment - Page 18

Summary - Page 19 A Case Study of iLAS’ System at Work - Page 20

Appendices

A-1 About Jon Crissman, MD - Page 26

A-2 About DARK Daily - Page 27

A-3 About The Dark Intelligence Group, Inc., and The Dark Report - Page 28

A-4 About the Executive War College on Laboratory and Pathology Management - Page 29

Terms of Use - Page 32

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Organs Made to Order

As the Smithsonian notes, "It won't be long before surgeons routinely install replacement body parts created in the laboratory. ... Anthony Atala works in the body shop of the future. ... he and his colleagues use human cells to grow muscles, blood vessels, skin and even a complete urinary bladder. Much of the work is experimental and hasn't yet been tested in human patients, but Atala has implanted laboratory-grown bladders into more than two dozen children and young adults born with defective bladders that don't empty properly, a condition that can cause kidney damage. The bladders were the first lab-generated human organs implanted in people. If they continue to perform well in clinical tests, the treatment may become standard not only for birth defects of the bladder but also for bladder cancer and other conditions. ... Regenerative medicine's once-wild ideas are fast becoming reality. Late last year, Organovo, a biotech company in San Diego, began distributing the first commercially available body-part printer. Yes, you read correctly: a printer for body parts. Using the same idea as an ink-jet printer, it jets laser-guided droplets of cells and scaffold material onto a movable platform. With each pass of the printer head, the platform sinks, and the deposited material gradually builds up a 3-D piece of tissue. Regenerative medicine laboratories around the world have relied on the printer to generate pieces of skin, muscle and blood vessels. Atala's lab has used the technology to construct a two-chambered mouse-size heart in about 40 minutes."

View the Article Under Discussion: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/40th-anniversary/97123514.html

Read More Longevity Meme Commentary: http://www.longevitymeme.org/news/

Some People Have Better Mitochondrial DNA, Part II

Some people have demonstrably better mitochondrial DNA, others worse. Here, a study shows correlations between some variants and old-age frailty: "Mitochondria contribute to the dynamics of cellular metabolism, the production of reactive oxygen species, and apoptotic pathways. Consequently, mitochondrial function has been hypothesized to influence functional decline and vulnerability to disease in later life. ... mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was compared in frail and non-frail older adults. Associations of selected SNPs with a muscle strength phenotype were also explored. Participants were selected from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a population-based observational study ... Three mtDNA SNPs were statistically significantly associated with frailty across all pilot participants or in sex-stratified comparisons." Given the degree to which mitochondrial composition correlates with species life span differences, we should not be surprised to find some variations significant in human life span.

View the Article Under Discussion: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883558/

Read More Longevity Meme Commentary: http://www.longevitymeme.org/news/

Melanoma-initiating cells identified

Melanoma-initiating cells identified by study by Krista Conger, News release, Stanford School of Medicine, June 30, 2010. Excerpt:

Scientists at the School of Medicine have identified a cancer-initiating cell in human melanomas. The finding is significant because the existence of such a cell in the aggressive skin cancer has been a source of debate. It may also explain why current immunotherapies are largely unsuccessful in preventing disease recurrence in human patients.

The news release is about this publication: Human melanoma-initiating cells express neural crest nerve growth factor receptor CD271 by Alexander D Boiko and 11 co-authors, including Irving L. Weissman, Nature 2010(Jul 1); 466(7302): 133-7. [FriendFeed entry].

A blog post about this same publication is: Stanford scientists identify a melanoma-initiating cell by Krista Conger, Scope blog, Stanford School of Medicine, June 20, 2010.

See also a commentary about the publication: Cancer stem cells: Invitation to a second round by Peter Dirks, Nature 2010(Jul 1); 466(7302): 40-1. Excerpt:

Boiko et al. study a type of human skin cancer called melanoma and, in particular, cancer cells enriched in a stem-cell marker called CD271. They find that, unlike other cells from the same tumour, CD271-expressing (CD271+) cells could initiate and maintain tumour growth in vivo — an observation consistent with the existence of a melanoma-cell functional hierarchy.

This finding reflects a view different from that of an earlier study by Quintana et al.[3], which demonstrated that, in some cases, as many as 50% of human melanoma cells have tumorigenic potential. In addition, no marker tested identified a tumorigenic subpopulation. The authors[3] concluded that the frequency of cancer cells that can initiate tumorigenesis depends, in part, on the assessment techniques and assays.

Another news item, based on the same publication, is: New hope in fight against skin cancer as deadly 'master cells' are identified for first time, Mail Online, July 1, 2010. Excerpt:

However Dr Alexander Boiko, who made the discovery at Stanford University, said the newly discovered 'stem cells' in advanced skin cancers were often missed by conventional immunotherapy.

'Without wiping out the cells at the root of the cancer, the treatment will fail,' he said.

Comments: Boiko et al. and Dirks suggest reasons why results different from those of Quintana et al. were obtained. One possibility is that the melanomas that the latter authors studied were at an advanced stage. If, as a cancer progresses, more cells acquire the attributes of cancer stem cells, then advanced melanomas may contain very high frequencies of tumorigenic cells.

As Boiko et al. point out in their publication, "The most crucial test of the tumour stem cell hypothesis is that markers or pathways restricted to tumour stem cells can be targets for curative therapies in the patient, which has not yet been done."

INTRODUCING AMAN AGAH!

Hello all! Well, it’s happened again, another totally awesome contributor has been thrown in the mix! Let me introduce the awesomely awesome Aman Agah, an anatomy lover, blogger, good friend of mine, and now official SA contributor!

Aman Agah Street Anatomy

Born in NJ and hailing from Virginia, where she grew up (and where I went to HS with her little sis, BFF!), she currently resides in Brooklyn, NY where she kicks ass and takes names. A writer on the side with a film obsession, she runs the blog The Radish Press that she uses to write film critiques, upload terribly edited pictures of her cats using Microsoft paint, and muse on every day sort of things (all with hilarity and poise)

Aman in her own words:

I have always been interested in the supernatural and gothic and I have found that anatomy always plays a part in those tales. Frankenstein’s creation is one of my all time favorite characters in literature and film and it gave way to Edward Scissorhands… I think more than anatomy itself, I enjoy the possibilities of it; its use in art and literature and the fact that our bodies and the bodies of animals are so complex. I also have a fascination with death and the death of our bodies, and I have two anatomical tattoos!

Welcome Aman! Everyone at Street Anatomy is excited to have you on the team, stoked to see the gems you post!

Impact of dual temperature profile in dilute acid hydrolysis of spruce for ethanol production

Background:
The two-step dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH) of softwood is costly in energy demands and capital costs. However, it has the advantage that hydrolysis and subsequent removal of hemicellulose-derived sugars can be carried out under conditions of low severity, resulting in a reduction in the level of sugar degradation products during the more severe subsequent steps of cellulose hydrolysis. In this paper, we discuss a single-step DAH method that incorporates a temperature profile at two levels. This profile should simulate the two-step process while removing its major disadvantage, that is, the washing step between the runs, which leads to increased energy demand.
Results:
The experiments were conducted in a reactor with a controlled temperature profile. The total dry matter content of the hydrolysate was up to 21.1% w/w, corresponding to a content of 15.5% w/w of water insoluble solids. The highest measured glucose yield, (18.3 g glucose per 100 g dry raw material), was obtained after DAH cycles of 3 min at 209degreesC and 6 min at 211degreesC with 1% H2SO4, which resulted in a total of 26.3 g solubilized C6 sugars per 100g dry raw material. To estimate the remaining sugar potential, enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of the solid fraction was also performed. EH of the solid residue increased the total level of solubilized C6 sugars to a maximum of 35.5 g per 100 g dry raw material when DAH was performed as described above (3 min at 210degreesC and 2 min at 211degreesC with 1% H2SO4).
Conclusion:
The dual-temperature DAH method did not yield decisively better results than the single-temperature, one-step DAH. When we compared the results with those of earlier studies, the hydrolysis performance was better than with the one-step DAH but not as well as that of the two-step, single-temperature DAH. Additional enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in lower levels of solubilized sugars compared with other studies on one-step DAH and two-step DAH followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. A two-step steam pretreatment with EH gave rise to a considerably higher sugar yield in this study.

Enjoy the Laid-Back Vibe at Zazil-Kin Beach in Tulum, Mexico

Other beaches in Tulum, Mexico may be more famous but none is more beautiful than Zazil-Kin. The beach is wide, clean, and absolutely gorgeous, and because of its location at the far northern end of the three-mile long Hotel Zone, always uncrowded. The few intrepid tourists who do make it this far up the beach come to enjoy the laid-back beach bar or book walk-in beach dives with the Aquatic Dive Center, also located on the beach.

Gorgeous Zazil-Kin Beach has bamboo bars, dive shacks, and restaurants with sand floors

The beach bar is actually part of Zazil-Kin Cabanas, which are set behind the low dunes at the back of the beach, but the general public is welcome. Tropical frozen drinks and $2 icy cold beers are available at the simple thatched roof palapa bar, where customers can grab a low-slung chairs and relax in the shade provided by lush palms trees.

Offshore reef is close enough for divers to walk in from shore

An offshore reef lies quite close to shore, making Zazil-Kin Beach more placid than the southern beaches, as the reef protects the inner lagoon from heavy surf. The close proximity of the reef allows shore dives and on most days the Aquatic Dive Center strings a long line of the distinctive red and white diver flags in the sand as a reminder to boats that submerged divers are present.

During the hottest part of the day, Zazil-Kin Cabanas offer alternatives to baking in the midday sun. Follow the sand paths over the dunes and wind through the palms to their restaurant, a unique open-air facility where heavy wooden tables and chairs sink into a sand floor. The menu is simple, offering mostly sandwiches and fries, but the food is quite good and the prices are some of the most economical in Tulum. A massage area is also open to the public. Alternatively, the Tulum Mayan Ruins, located barely half a mile up the beach, are within easy walking distance.

Photo Credit: Barbara Weibel
Article by Barbara Weibel of Cultural Travel with Hole In The Donut