Collaboration: Good or Bad?

A recent article noted the large number of students caught cheating in introductory computer science courses. But much of this involves students sharing each others code on homework assignments, not on tests. Some see this as a major ethics problem that could potentially become an ethics problem in

Should Cell Phones be Registered for Security?

One high tech advantage that criminals have today is the cell phone. With it they can communicate virtually anonymously, with great mobility and little fear of being detected. To counter this advantage, the Mexican government has started a program to register every cell phone in the country linking

Is This News You Can Use?

For a break from Gulf of Mexico news, we turn to the top 10 stupid environmental stories recently compiled by Environmental Science & Technologies. The ability of Icelandic volcanic ash to ground European air traffic, Michigan blaming Illinois for the Asian carp invasion of the Great Lakes, and

Are Engineering Shortages a Hoax?

Those who employ engineers always complain of shortages, but what's the job situation for engineers at your utility? Various studies say engineers are retiring from the power industry, students are not pursuing engineering degrees, and the power industry might be facing a job crisis in the future. D

Is This The Fastest Case of Human Evolution?

From The New York Times:

Tibetans live at altitudes of 13,000 feet, breathing air that has 40 percent less oxygen than is available at sea level, yet suffer very little mountain sickness.

The reason, according to a team of biologists in China, is human evolution, in what

Man in the Moon has ‘Graphite Whiskers’


In a new analysis of a lunar model collected by Apollo 17, researchers have detected and dated carbon on the moon in the form of graphite -- the sooty stuff of pencil lead which survived from around 3.8 billion years ago, when the moon was greatly bombarded by meteorites. Up to now, scientists thought the trace amounts of carbon formerly detected on the surface of the moon came from the solar wind.

Some of the graphite exposed by the new study appeared in a rare rolled form known as "graphite whiskers," which scientists consider formed in the very high-temperature reactions initiated by a meteorite impact. The discovery also means that the moon potentially holds a record of the carbon input by meteors into the Earth-moon system when life was just beginning to appear on Earth. The research is published in the July 2 concern of the journal Science.

"The solar system was chaotic, with countless colliding objects 3.9 billion years ago," explained lead author Andrew Steele, based at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. "Volatiles -- compounds like water and rudiments like carbon were vaporized under that heat and shock. These materials were critical to the creation of life on Earth."

"Materials that fell on the early Earth fell on the moon as well, because the two bodies essentially share the same gravity well," said Marc Fries, a planetary scientist who conducted the research while working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., and is now based at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz. "This sample is like a immaculate page from Earth's past, before plate tectonics and other forces erased the history of this ancient carbon material on Earth."

While the sample from the Mare Serenitatis area came back to Earth in 1972, the research team, led by scientists at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science, used a innovative technique known as Raman spectroscopy on the sample. Previous techniques enabled scientists to get a sense of the composition, but this kind of spectroscopy is more sensitive and also allows scientists to produce an image of the minerals. The graphite whiskers appeared to be a few micrometers in diameter and up to about 10 microns long.

Scientists were astonished at the finding of graphite and graphite whiskers.

"It shows that modern spatially determined techniques could be used to discover further surprises in the now 40-year-old Apollo collection," said co-author Mihaela Glamoclija, based at the Carnegie Institution.

The scientists ruled out the opportunity that the graphite was a result of contamination, because graphite whiskers, in particular, form under very hot conditions, between 1,830 and 6,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,273 to 3,900 Kelvin). They also ruled out the solar wind as the source, because the graphite and graphite whiskers were much superior to carbon implanted by the solar wind, and while contamination occurred throughout the sample, the graphite was restricted to a discrete blackened area of the sample.

"We believe that the carbon we detected either came from the object that made the impact basin, or it strong from the carbon-rich gas that was released during impact," said co-author Francis McCubbin, of the Carnegie Institution.

The research was partly funded by the NASA Astrobiology, Mars Fundamental Research, and the Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research programs in NASA's Planetary Division in Washington. The California Institute of Technology manages JPL for NASA.

For More Information Visit http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-220

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EPA Moves to Measure GreenHouse Emissions

Coal Mines, Wastewater Systems, Landfills to Report Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, the largest of New York City's 14 wastewater treatment systems (Photo by Victoria Belanger)

Maybe we don’t need Congress to address climate change at all. The Supreme Court already re-emphasized the legal power of the EPA to regulate air and water quality. so they are moving ahead with what needs to be done.

WASHINGTON, DC (from ENS) – Four major categories of industrial facilities will have to report their emissions of climate-altering greenhouse gases under a final rule issued for public comment Monday by the U.S. EPA.

The rule will bring underground coal mines, industrial wastewater treatment systems, industrial waste landfills and magnesium production facilities under the national mandatory greenhouse gas reporting program.
Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, the largest of New York City’s 14 wastewater treatment systems (Photo by Victoria Belanger)

Methane is the primary greenhouse gas emitted from coal mines, industrial wastewater treatment systems and industrial landfills and this gas is more than 20 times as potent at warming the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, the most prevalent greenhouse gas.

The main fluorinated greenhouse gas emitted from magnesium production is sulfur hexafluoride, which has a much greater warming potential than methane, and can stay in the atmosphere for thousands of years. Magnesium producers must also report emissions of other fluorinated gases such as the refrigerant gas HFC-134a and the fire suppressant gas FK 5-1-12, as well as emissions of carbon dioxide.

These four source categories will begin collecting emissions data on January 1, 2011, with the first annual reports submitted to EPA on March 31, 2012.

The EPA says that data from these sectors will provide a better understanding of greenhouse gas emissions and will help EPA and businesses develop effective policies and programs to reduce them, the agency said in a statement announcing the final rule.

Ethanol producers, food processors and suppliers of coal will not be required to report their greenhouse gas emissions at this time, the EPA has decided.

In a separate proposed rule, EPA is requesting public comment on which industry-related greenhouse gas information would be made publicly available and which would be considered confidential.

Under the Clean Air Act, all emission data are public. Some non-emission data, however, may be considered confidential, because it relates to specific information which, if made public, could harm a business’s competitiveness.

Examples of data considered confidential under this proposal include certain information reported by fossil fuel and industrial gas suppliers related to production quantities and raw materials.

EPA is committed to providing the public with as much information as possible while following the law.

The greenhouse gas reporting program requires suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial greenhouse gases and large direct emitters of greenhouse gases to report to EPA.

Collecting this data will allow businesses to track emissions and identify cost effective ways to reduce emissions. EPA is preparing to [...]

Hacker-gate Scientist Vindicated

Climate change science is nothing new, but the level of hostility to the scientists and others who talk about it is. Decades ago, in 1969 no less, aides to President Nixon were warning him about climate change and what it would mean to national security.

Adviser Daniel Patrick Moynihan . . . urged the [Nixon] administration to initiate a worldwide system of monitoring carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, decades before the issue of global warming came to the public’s attention.

There is widespread agreement that carbon dioxide content will rise 25 percent by 2000, Moynihan wrote in a September 1969 memo.  “This could increase the average temperature near the earth’s surface by 7 degrees Fahrenheit,” he wrote. “This in turn could raise the level of the sea by 10 feet. Goodbye New York. Goodbye Washington, for that matter.“

Moynihan was Nixon’s counselor for urban affairs from January 1969 — when Nixon began his presidency — to December 1970. He later served as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations before New York voters elected him to the Senate.   Moynihan received a response in a January 26, 1970 memo from Hubert Heffner, deputy director of the administration’s Office of Science and Technology. Heffner acknowledged that atmospheric temperature rise was an issue that should be looked at.

They are still doing that, except now the Pentagon and others worried about coming wars for resources are also chiming in and trying to warn the President too. In directly correlation to this, the anti-science noise is growing louder. They are also trying to sabotage scientists in anyway they can. Remember the hacked emails?

Dr. Michael Mann

Happy Independence Day — now if we only had some independence from climate change deniers.  At least Michael Mann and his science graph known as the “hockey stick”  got final exoneration from Penn State.

“An Investigatory Committee of faculty members with impeccable credentials” has unanimously “determined that Dr. Michael E. Mann did not engage in, nor did he participate in, directly or indirectly, any actions that seriously deviated from accepted practices within the academic community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research, or other scholarly activities.”

Reported by CLIMATE PROGRESS and DemocracyNow.org

Penn State Panel Clears “Climategate” Scientist

An investigative panel at Pennsylvania State University has cleared a scientist linked to the so-called “Climategate” controversy last year. The scientist, Dr. Michael Mann, was among the authors of emails stolen from the computer system of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in Britain. Deniers of global warming had claimed the stolen emails provided evidence of an effort to silence academics who have questioned or downplayed human-driven climate change. In its probe, Penn State said it found no evidence Mann manipulated scientific findings on global warming.

And from Climate Progress, they point out that few [...]

A Whale and George Miller Legislation

The ship seen in the video above is called the A Whale, and it’s ready to suck up water and oil and separate them on board, as it was built to do. It’s no surprise to many that it’s sitting idle nearby in the water, while the government decides where to put it. It is massive, 3 football-fields long, and 10 stories high, and here’s what it can do. The ship was modified after the BP explosion to scoop up 21 million gallons of oily water per day. So why is it sitting around? Its sheer size. The place it would do the most good is where the oil is “fresh”, and that area is already over-crowded. So let’s move some boats around and get this thing operating. Is that rocket science?  Read more here.

Congress is not without ideas of its own. Rep. George Miller has come up with some interesting legislation.

Congressman George Miller will be introducing an amendment that would ban BP from offshore leases.  At this point, BP’s best bet would be to transition their money to researching how they can make those big profits from renewable energy.  Only then would they really deserve the title they have already been using, “Beyond Petroleum”.

BP Would Be Barred From Offshore Leases Under Bill

June 30 (Bloomberg) — BP Plc would be barred from new U.S. offshore oil and gas leases for as long as seven years under legislation being drafted by Representative George Miller, who cited the company’s safety and environmental violations.

BP “has a flagrant history of taking risks to boost profits that has resulted in deaths of workers, destruction of the environment and economic chaos in local communities,” Miller said today in an e-mailed statement. Miller plans to offer his bill as an amendment to legislation that would overhaul drilling rules.

President Barack Obama’s administration and lawmakers are considering penalties that would limit BP’s U.S. operations. In addition to BP’s Gulf spill, Miller cited a 2005 explosion at BP’s Texas City refinery that killed 15 workers and a 2006 pipeline leak that dumped 200,000 gallons of crude at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, as reasons for his legislation.

“Serial violators ought to face consequences, and one of those consequences should be denying” BP and oil-producing companies “with this kind of record the right to drill in America’s offshore waters,” Miller said in the statement.

The U.S. also may revoke BP’s status as operator of producing wells in the Gulf, such as Thunder Horse, or of leases at Prudhoe Bay, David Pursell, a managing director at Tudor Pickering Holt & Co. LLC, a Houston investment bank, said this month. Congress also is weighing measures to bar BP from contracts with the Department of Defense and Environmental Protection Agency.

Administration [...]

Futurist Fashion Today (July 4)

Futurist Fashion Today

July 4, 2010
3:30pm
Fundacion Proa (Buenos Aires)

Winding down the exhibit The Universe of Futurism, this last weekend closes with the spectacular show Futurist Fashion Today. Fundación Proa has invited to the event Professor Andrea Saltzman (FADU-UBA), along with her Fashion Design course, to reflect on Futurist fashion. The product of this proposal is a fashion show with work from more than 400 students from the course’s first, second and third years.

The show Futurist Fashion Today works on the concept of movement and the revolutionary ideas set forth in the Futurist fashion manifesto, published in 1914. From a contemporary vision, this work, which focuses on historical material, actualizes and expands on the most significant aspects of fashion design and the relevance of body language. Fashion accompanies life; it serves as a document of an era.

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