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Study documents safety, improvements from stem cell therapy after spinal cord injury – Mayo Clinic

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Neurosciences

April 1, 2024

ROCHESTER, Minn. A Mayo Clinic study shows stem cells derived from patients' own fat are safe and may improve sensation and movement after traumatic spinal cord injuries. The findings from the phase 1 clinical trial appear in Nature Communications. The results of this early research offer insights on the potential of cell therapy for people living with spinal cord injuries and paralysis for whom options to improve function are extremely limited.

In the study of 10 adults, the research team noted seven participants demonstrated improvements based on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale. Improvements included increased sensation when tested with pinprick and light touch, increased strength in muscle motor groups, and recovery of voluntary anal contraction, which aids in bowel function. The scale has five levels, ranging from complete loss of function to normal function. The seven participants who improved each moved up at least one level on the ASIA scale. Three patients in the study had no response, meaning they did not improve but did not get worse.

"This study documents the safety and potential benefit of stem cells and regenerative medicine," says Mohamad Bydon, M.D., a Mayo Clinic neurosurgeon and first author of the study. "Spinal cord injury is a complex condition. Future research may show whether stem cells in combination with other therapies could be part of a new paradigm of treatment to improve outcomes for patients."

No serious adverse events were reported after stem cell treatment. The most commonly reported side effects were headache and musculoskeletal pain that resolved with over-the-counter treatment.

In addition to evaluating safety, this phase 1 clinical trial had a secondary outcome of assessing changes in motor and sensory function. The authors note that motor and sensory results are to be interpreted with caution given limits of phase 1 trials. Additional research is underway among a larger group of participants to further assess risks and benefits.

The full data on the 10 patients follows a 2019 case report that highlighted the experience of the first study participant who demonstrated significant improvement in motor and sensory function.

Watch: Dr. Mohamad Bydon discusses improvements in research study

Journalists: Broadcast-quality sound bites are available in the downloads at the end of the post. Please courtesy: "Mayo Clinic News Network." Name super/CG: Mohamad Bydon, M.D./Neurosurgery/Mayo Clinic.

In the multidisciplinary clinical trial, participants had spinal cord injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls and other causes. Six had neck injuries; four had back injuries. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 65.

Participants' stem cells were collected by taking a small amount of fat from a 1- to 2-inch incision in the abdomen or thigh. Over four weeks, the cells were expanded in the laboratory to 100 million cells and then injected into the patients' lumbar spine in the lower back. Over two years, each study participant was evaluated at Mayo Clinic 10 times.

Although it is understood that stem cells move toward areas of inflammation in this case the location of the spinal cord injury the cells' mechanism of interacting with the spinal cord is not fully understood, Dr. Bydon says. As part of the study, researchers analyzed changes in participants' MRIs and cerebrospinal fluid as well as in responses to pain, pressure and other sensation. The investigators are looking for clues to identify injury processes at a cellular level and avenues for potential regeneration and healing.

The spinal cord has limited ability to repair its cells or make new ones. Patients typically experience most of their recovery in the first six to 12 months after injuries occur. Improvement generally stops 12 to 24 months after injury. In the study, one patient with a cervical spine injury of the neck received stem cells 22 months after injury and improved one level on the ASIA scale after treatment.

Two of three patients with complete injuries of the thoracic spine meaning they had no feeling or movement below their injury between the base of the neck and mid-back moved up two ASIA levels after treatment. Each regained some sensation and some control of movement below the level of injury. Based on researchers' understanding of traumatic thoracic spinal cord injury, only 5% of people with a complete injury would be expected to regain any feeling or movement.

"In spinal cord injury, even a mild improvement can make a significant difference in that patient's quality of life," Dr. Bydon says.

Stem cells are used mainly in research in the U.S., and fat-derived stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury is considered experimental by the Food and Drug Administration.

Between 250,000 and 500,000 people worldwide suffer a spinal cord injury each year, according to theWorld Health Organization.

An important next step is assessing the effectiveness of stem cell therapies and subsets of patients who would most benefit, Dr. Bydon says. Research is continuing with a larger, controlled trial that randomly assigns patients to receive either the stem cell treatment or a placebo without stem cells.

"For years, treatment of spinal cord injury has been limited to supportive care, more specifically stabilization surgery and physical therapy," Dr. Bydon says. "Many historical textbooks state that this condition does not improve. In recent years, we have seen findings from the medical and scientific community that challenge prior assumptions. This research is a step forward toward the ultimate goal of improving treatments for patients."

Dr. Bydon is the Charles B. and Ann L. Johnson Professor of Neurosurgery. This research was made possible with support from Leonard A. Lauder, C and A Johnson Family Foundation, The Park Foundation, Sanger Family Foundation, Eileen R.B. and Steve D. Scheel, Schultz Family Foundation, and other generous Mayo Clinic benefactors. The research is funded in part by a Mayo Clinic Transform the Practice grant.

Review thestudyfor a complete list of authors and funding.

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Study documents safety, improvements from stem cell therapy after spinal cord injury - Mayo Clinic

Americans’ use of ChatGPT is ticking up, but few trust its election information – Pew Research Center

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Its been more than a year since ChatGPTs public debut set the tech world abuzz. And Americans use of the chatbot is ticking up: 23% of U.S. adults say they have ever used it, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in February, up from 18% in July 2023.

The February survey also asked Americans about several ways they might use ChatGPT, including for workplace tasks, for learning and for fun. While growing shares of Americans are using the chatbot for these purposes, the public is more wary than not of what the chatbot might tell them about the 2024 U.S. presidential election. About four-in-ten adults have not too much or no trust in the election information that comes from ChatGPT. By comparison, just 2% have a great deal or quite a bit of trust.

Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans use of ChatGPT and their attitudes about the chatbot. For this analysis, we surveyed 10,133 U.S. adults from Feb. 7 to Feb. 11, 2024.

Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATPs methodology.

Here are the questions used for this analysis, along with responses, and the survey methodology.

Below well look more closely at:

Most Americans still havent used the chatbot, despite the uptick since our July 2023 survey on this topic. But some groups remain far more likely to have used it than others.

Differences by age

Adults under 30 stand out: 43% of these young adults have used ChatGPT, up 10 percentage points since last summer. Use of the chatbot is also up slightly among those ages 30 to 49 and 50 to 64. Still, these groups remain less likely than their younger peers to have used the technology. Just 6% of Americans 65 and up have used ChatGPT.

Differences by education

Highly educated adults are most likely to have used ChatGPT: 37% of those with a postgraduate or other advanced degree have done so, up 8 points since July 2023. This group is more likely to have used ChatGPT than those with a bachelors degree only (29%), some college experience (23%) or a high school diploma or less (12%).

Since March 2023, weve also tracked three potential reasons Americans might use ChatGPT: for work, to learn something new or for entertainment.

The share of employed Americans who have used ChatGPT on the job increased from 8% in March 2023 to 20% in February 2024, including an 8-point increase since July.

Turning to U.S. adults overall, about one-in-five have used ChatGPT to learn something new (17%) or for entertainment (17%). These shares have increased from about one-in-ten in March 2023.

Differences by age

Use of ChatGPT for work, learning or entertainment has largely risen across age groups over the past year. Still, there are striking differences between these groups (those 18 to 29, 30 to 49, and 50 and older).

For example, about three-in-ten employed adults under 30 (31%) say they have used it for tasks at work up 19 points from a year ago, with much of that increase happening since July. These younger workers are more likely than their older peers to have used ChatGPT in this way.

Adults under 30 also stand out in using the chatbot for learning. And when it comes to entertainment, those under 50 are more likely than older adults to use ChatGPT for this purpose.

Differences by education

A third of employed Americans with a postgraduate degree have used ChatGPT for work, compared with smaller shares of workers who have a bachelors degree only (25%), some college (19%) or a high school diploma or less (8%).

Those shares have each roughly tripled since March 2023 for workers with a postgraduate degree, bachelors degree or some college. Among workers with a high school diploma or less, use is statistically unchanged from a year ago.

Using ChatGPT for other purposes also varies by education level, though the patterns are slightly different. For example, a quarter each of postgraduate and bachelors degree-holders have used ChatGPT for learning, compared with 16% of those with some college experience and 11% of those with a high school diploma or less education. Each of these shares is up from a year ago.

With more people using ChatGPT, we also wanted to understand whether Americans trust the information they get from it, particularly in the context of U.S. politics.

About four-in-ten Americans (38%) dont trust the information that comes from ChatGPT about the 2024 U.S. presidential election that is, they say they have not too much trust (18%) or no trust at all (20%).

A mere 2% have a great deal or quite a bit of trust, while 10% have some trust.

Another 15% arent sure, while 34% have not heard of ChatGPT.

Distrust far outweighs trust regardless of political party. About four-in-ten Republicans and Democrats alike (including those who lean toward each party) have not too much or no trust at all in ChatGPTs election information.

Notably, however, very few Americans have actually used the chatbot to find information about the presidential election: Just 2% of adults say they have done so, including 2% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents and 1% of Republicans and GOP leaners.

These survey findings come amid growing national attention on chatbots and misinformation. Several tech companies have recently pledged to prevent the misuse of artificial intelligence including chatbots in this years election. But recent reports suggest chatbots themselves may provide misleading answers to election-related questions.

Note: Here are the questions used for this analysis, along with responses, and the survey its methodology.

Continue reading here:

Americans' use of ChatGPT is ticking up, but few trust its election information - Pew Research Center

ChatGPT Use Linked to Memory Loss, Procrastination in Students – Futurism

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You won't always have an AI chatbot in your pocket... right? Brain Drain

New research has found a worrying link to memory loss and tanking grades in students who relied on ChatGPT, in an early but fascinating exploration of the swift impact that large language models have had in education.

As detailed in a new studypublished in the International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, the researchers surveyed hundreds of university students ranging from undergrads to doctoral candidates over two phases, using self-reported evaluations. They were spurred on by witnessing more and more of their own students turn to ChatGPT.

"My interest in this topic stemmed from the growing prevalence of generative artificial intelligence in academia and its potential impact on students," study co-author Muhammad Abhas at the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences in Pakistan told PsyPost. "For the last year, I observed an increasing, uncritical, reliance on generative AI tools among my students for various assignments and projects I assigned."

In the first phase, the researchers collected responses from 165 students who used an eight-item scale to report their degree of ChatGPT reliance. The items ranged from "I use ChatGPT for my course assignments" to "ChatGPT is part of my campus life."

To validate those results, they also conducted a more rigorous "time-lagged" second phase, in which they expanded their scope to nearly 500 students, who were surveyed three times at one to two week intervals.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that students under a heavy academic workload and "time pressure" were much more likely to use ChatGPT. They observed that those who relied on ChatGPT reported more procrastination, more memory loss, and a drop in GPA. And the reason why is quite simple: the chatbot, however good or bad its responses are, is making schoolwork too easy.

"Since ChatGPT can quickly respond to any questions asked by a user," the researchers wrote in the study, "students who excessively use ChatGPT may reduce their cognitive efforts to complete their academic tasks, resulting in poor memory."

There were a few curveballs, however.

"Contrary to expectations, students who were more sensitive to rewards were less likely to use generative AI," Abbas told PsyPost, suggesting that those seeking good grades avoided using the chatbot out of fear of getting caught.

It's possible that the relationship between ChatGPT usage and its negative effects is bidirectional, notes PsyPost. A student may turn to the chatbot because they already have bad grades, and not the other way around. It's also worth considering that the data was self-reported, which comes with its own biases.

That's not to exonerate AI, though. Based on these findings, we should be wary about ChatGPT's role in education.

"The average person should recognize the dark side of excessive generative AI usage," Abbas told Psypost. "While these tools offer convenience, they can also lead to negative consequences such as procrastination, memory loss, and compromised academic performance."

More on AI: Google's AI Search Caught Pushing Users to Download Malware

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ChatGPT Use Linked to Memory Loss, Procrastination in Students - Futurism

ChatGPT use linked to sinking academic performance and memory loss – Yahoo News UK

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ChatGPT use is linked to bad results and memory loss. (Getty Images)

Using AI software such as ChatGPT is linked to poorer academic performance, memory loss and increased procrastination, a study has shown.

The AI chatbot ChatGPT can generate convincing answers to simple text prompts, and is already used weekly by up to 32% of university students, according to research last year.

The new study found that university students who use ChatGPT to complete assignments find themselves in a vicious circle where they dont give themselves enough time to do their work and are forced to rely on ChatGPT, and over time, their ability to remember facts diminishes.

The research was published in the International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education. Scientists conducted interviews with 494 students about their use of ChatGPT, with some admitting to being "addicted" to using the technology to complete assignments.

The researchers wrote: "Since ChatGPT can quickly respond to any questions asked by a user, students who excessively use ChatGPT may reduce their cognitive efforts to complete their academic tasks, resulting in poor memory. Over time, over-reliance on generative AI tools for academic tasks, instead of critical thinking and mental exertion, may damage memory retention, cognitive functioning, and critical thinking abilities."

In the interviews, the researchers were able to pinpoint problems experienced by students who habitually used ChatGPT to complete their assignments.

The researchers surveyed students three times to work out what sort of student is most likely to use ChatGPT, and what effects heavy users experienced.

The researchers then asked questions about the effects of using ChatGPT.

Study author Mohammed Abbas, from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences in Pakistan, told PsyPost: "My interest in this topic stemmed from the growing prevalence of generative artificial intelligence in academia and its potential impact on students.

Story continues

"For the last year, I observed an increasing, uncritical, reliance on generative AI tools among my students for various assignments and projects I assigned. This prompted me to delve deeper into understanding the underlying causes and consequences of its usage among them."

The study found that students who were results-focused were less likely to rely on AI tools to do tasks for them.

The research also found that students who relied on ChatGPT were not getting the full benefit of their education - and actually lost the ability to remember facts.

"Our findings suggested that excessive use of ChatGPT can have harmful effects on students personal and academic outcomes. Specifically, those students who frequently used ChatGPT were more likely to engage in procrastination than those who rarely used ChatGPT," Abbas said.

"Similarly, students who frequently used ChatGPT also reported memory loss. In the same vein, students who frequently used ChatGPT for their academic tasks had a poor grade average."

The researchers found that students who felt under pressure were more likely to turn to ChatGPT - but that this then led to worsening academic performance and further procrastination and memory loss.

The researchers suggest that academic institutions should be mindful that heavy workloads can drive students to use ChatGPT.

The researchers also said academics should warn students of the negative impact of using the software.

"Higher education institutions should emphasise the importance of efficient time management and workload distribution while assigning academic tasks and deadlines," they said.

"While ChatGPT may aid in managing heavy academic workloads under time constraints, students must be kept aware of the negative consequences of excessive ChatGPT usage."

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ChatGPT use linked to sinking academic performance and memory loss - Yahoo News UK

Evolution and Innovation in Treating Psoriasis in Pediatric Patients – Dermatology Times

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When we talk about evolution in treatment for psoriasis, we have come a long way, April W. Armstrong, MD, MPH, told attendees at the Society for Pediatric Dermatology Pre-AAD Meeting.1

April W. Armstrong, MD, MPH

Armstrong, Chief of the Division of Dermatology at the UCLA Health and the David Geffen School of Medicine, added that through this evolution we are looking for treatments that are effective, convenient and safe. Not too long ago, arsenic was used to treat psoriasis,2 she told attendees. Yes, it killed psoriasis but also killed a lot of other things.

Fortunately, she shared there are now options that are meet the 3 important criteria: safe, effective, and even convenient. For instance, biologics have emerged as a good option for treating psoriasis, especially in adults, Armstrong explained. In general, there are a number of factors she considers when choosing among the biologics, which when grouped include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (ie, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab), interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors (ie, ixekizumab, secukinumab, brodalumab, bimekizumab), and IL-23 inhibitors (ie, guselkumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab, ustekinumab [a IL12/23 inhibitor]).

The IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors are a good choice for robust psoriasis efficacy. In addition, guselkumab, risankizumab, ustekinumab have been shown to be effective for psoriatic arthritis, while IL-17 inhibitors have been shown to be effective for peripheral and axial psoriatic arthritis. There is evolving evidence for the use of IL-23 inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis of the spine. She cautioned that IL-17 inhibitors should be avoided in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease and can be associated with increased risk of oral candidiasis.

Meanwhile, Armstrong noted TNF inhibitors should be avoided in patients with hepatitis B and demyelinating disease. They also are not preferred when there is a history of latent tuberculosis or advanced congestive heart failure. Like the other biologics, TNF inhibitors can be effective for psoriatic arthritis (peripheral and axial) and she added that certolizumab has been great in pregnant patients.

Currently, there arebiologics approved for use in pediatric patients. Ustekinumab which inhibits p40 subunit of IL12/23, has been approved for pediatric plaque psoriasis in patients aged 6 years and older. She pointed to the CADMUS Trial, which found that nearly 70% of patients aged 12 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis achieved sPGA0/1 (vs 5.4 in the placebo group).3

Secukinumab is approved for pediatric patients aged 6 years and older, she said. She shared results from a study comparing secukinumab versus etanercept in this patient population, noting she especially appreciates head to head comparisons of agents because it speaks to the superiority of one medication over another over a time period. In the study, which was present at the EADV Virtual Congress in 2020, 85% of the patients on secukinumab achieved (and maintained) clear (IGA 0/1) at 52 weeks vs 72% on etanercept.

Approved in pediatric patients 6 years and older for moderate to severe psoriasis, Armstrong said ixekizumab has shown high efficacy when compared with placebo, with 50% of patients achieving PASI 100 by week 12 (vs 2% on placebo).

Bimekizumab, the newest approved biologic for adult patients, has shown fast onset, high efficacy, and robust maintenance of response, Armstrong told attendees. Treatment consists of two 160 mg doses every 4 weeks for the first 16 weeks and then every 8 weeks afterwards. She reminded attendees that labs (ie, tuberculosis, liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin) should be checked prior to treatment. Oral candidiasis is the most common adverse event, but she said it is manageable without discontinuation with 100 mg to 200 mg fluconazole for 7 days.

Meanwhile, a phase 2 trial of bimekizumab (NCT04718896) is currently underway to assess safety and efficacy in adolescents with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Another important treatment to consider is the tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) inhibitor deucravacitinib, Armstrong told attendees. Currently, deucravacitinib is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an oral medication for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults. She shared data demonstrating Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75, PASI 90, and Static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) 0/1 response sustained through 3 years for patients on the agent, which she added is really impressive.

The tolerability is really where it shines, Armstrong told attendees. It has rates of diarrhea and nausea similar to placebo, and there are low rates of acne and zoster, she explained, but overall the discontinuation rates was lowest for patients on deucravacitinib when compared with patients on placebo or apremilast.

Before initiating treatment, Armstrong noted patients should be evaluated for tuberculosis and baseline liver and hepatitis serologies should be checked in patients with known or suspected liver disease. However, ongoing monitoring is only needed if the patient has liver disease or unmanaged triglycerides.

Im very excited about the possible extension to our pediatric population in the future, Armstrong said. She detailed a phase 3 trial (NCT04772079) is currently underway for pediatric patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis looking at safety and efficacy in that patient population. The study is looking at 2 doses across 2 cohorts based on ages (4 to 12 and 12 to 18 years).

The oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor apremilast is also a new medication that has shown efficacy in pediatric patients, according to Armstrong. It currenly is approved for adults regardless of severity, she said. She shared results of a placebo-controlled study of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis aged 6 to 17 years that found almost one-third were clear or almost clear at week 16 (vs 11% for placebo).

Armstrong briefly noted 2 innovative products in the pipeline. JNJ-77242113 is an oral therapeutic peptide selectively targeting IL-23R, she told attendees.4 DC-806 allosterically blocks the same biochemical step as the anti-IL-17 antibodies.

In the topical category, Armstrong pointed to tapinarof and roflumilast as novel non-steroidal agents. Tapinarof, currently approved for adult patients, is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist that reduces TH17 cytokines; increases antioxidant activity via Nrf2 pathway; increases filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin, and decreases Th2 cytokines. The PSOARING 1 study found that 40% of patients on tapinarof 1% cream daily achieved PASI 75 by week 12. Armstrong added that when tapinarof is stopped, patients are able to maintain clear/almost clear status for about 4 months. My opinion is it is probably similar to or stronger than a class 3 topical steroid, she told attendees. Armstrong is hopeful it will become available for pediatric patients in the near future.

Roflumilast is a PDE4 inhibitor approved for patients aged 6 years and older, Armstrong said. Overall it is quite well tolerated. In my opinion, it is probably similar to a class 3 topical steroid, she said. She uses it in clinical practice, but there are some tricks to make sure your patient has access to it, and knowing which local pharmacies are used to working with it.

References

1. Armstrong A. Updates in Psoriasis Management and New Therapeutics. Presented at: 36th Annual Pre-AAD Meeting of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology; March 7, 2024. San Diego, California.

2. Sarfraz R. H16 Arsenic to biologics: psoriasis treatment through the ages. British Journal of Dermatology. 2023; 188(Supplement 4. ljad113.298

3. Landells I, Marano C, Hsu MC, et al. Ustekinumab in adolescent patients age 12 to 17 years with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of the randomized phase 3 CADMUS study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(4):594-603. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.002

4. Bissonnette R, Pinter A, Ferris LK, et al. An Oral Interleukin-23-Receptor Antagonist Peptide for Plaque Psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(6):510-521. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2308713

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Evolution and Innovation in Treating Psoriasis in Pediatric Patients - Dermatology Times

Understanding the links between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis – The Irish Times

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Most people are familiar with the common skin condition, psoriasis, which causes a scaly, lumpy rash on the backs of elbows, front of knees, the scalp and other parts of the body. But, the autoimmune disease, psoriatic arthritis, which about a third of people with psoriasis also suffer from, is much less well known.

There is currently no diagnostic blood test for psoriatic arthritis.

A group undertaking an international study is seeking to better understand the links between the two conditions, with the aim to find out why some people with psoriasis go on to develop psoriatic arthritis and what treatment would work best to halt its development.

Prof Oliver Fitzgerald, research professor in rheumatology at the Conway Institute at University College Dublin and Prof Steve Pennington, professor of proteomics at UCD, are leading the Irish arm of the Hippocrates consortium study. We have about 350 patients so far, but we are keen to have 2,000, so we are interested in anyone aged 18 or over diagnosed with psoriasis to join the study, says Prof Fitzgerald.

Prof Oliver Fitzgerald.

Those who choose to partake in the study will be required to fill out a questionnaire every six months over three years. Details required are the extent of their psoriasis, current treatments and if they have noted any emerging symptoms of arthritis.

Prof Fitzgerald says that, ultimately, the identification of distinct biomarkers for psoriatic arthritis could lead to earlier treatment and possibly even prevention of the condition. The researchers also hope to identify a potential blood test which would diagnose psoriatic arthritis. It shares some symptoms of joint pain, swelling and loss of function with rheumatoid arthritis but it has some features which are different, says Prof Fitzgerald.

[Cerebral palsy: It is tough hearing that news, but it is far tougher when you have to fight for the best care for your child]

These distinguishing features include how the toes and fingers swell to look like little sausages, pain and stiffness in the spine that gets worse with rest yet improves with exercise. And pain and inflammation in the tendon and ligaments attached to the bone, for example, in the Achilles tendon attached to the heel.

I always tell my students that you have to be hunting for psoriatic arthritis to find it and the psoriasis doesnt always have to be very severe to have it. It could be between the buttocks, under the arm pits or under the breasts in women, he explains.

Some studies have found that scalp psoriasis may be a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis. And both conditions also have a genetic component as they tend to run in families. A delayed diagnosis can result in treatments starting later, allowing the joints to deteriorate further in the intervening time.

[I felt like I was going to die: Recovering from early heart failure at the age of 36]

Some of the newer biologic treatments seen as a game changer in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis work very well in clearing the psoriasis but dont improve the condition of the joints. The problem is that we dont know which patients suit which treatment. We also want to find this out in the study, says Prof Fitzgerald.

The information submitted by those who join the study will be reviewed every six months and individuals will be given feedback on their submissions.

We will advise those who we identify with symptoms of psoriatic arthritis to seek medical assessment, but we also advise people with psoriatic to remain as active as they can to prevent further loss of function of their joints, he adds.

Originally posted here:

Understanding the links between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis - The Irish Times

Diet Sodas Linked to Heart Issues – Futurism

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Image by Justin Sullivan via Getty / Futurism

Bad news for diet soda lovers: artificially-sweetened soft drinks may come with a heart-shaped price tag.

Published in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation:Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, the new research out of a Shanghai teaching hospital suggests that there may be a link between regularly drinking significant amounts of diet soda and dangerously irregular heartbeats.

As the Mayo Clinic explains, atrial fibrillation, the medical term for irregular heartbeats, is associated with a group of symptoms that also include heart palpitations, fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

Looking at a database cohort of more than 200,000 patients, the team comprised primarily of endocrinology researchers at the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital found that over a period of nearly 10 years, those who drank more than 2 liters of sodas with nonsugar sweeteners were significantly more likely to develop a-fib compared to those who drank fruit juice or regular soda.

Specifically, the study indicates that people who drank more than two liters of diet beverages per week were 20 percent more likely to develop a-fib than those who don't drink any though the researchers struggled to explain exactly why it might cause the scary heart-related symptoms.

If you're thinking of switching back to regular soda, that's not a perfect solution either.The Shanghai researchers also found that drinking more than two liters per week of conventionally sweetened cola saw a 10 percent increase in a-fib symptoms.

When looking at the portion of the cohort that drank only pure, unsweetened fruit or vegetable juice, the researchers found something even more fascinating: they appeared to have an eight percent lower risk of developing irregular heartbeats than their soda-drinking counterparts.

While there's been lots of research looking into other negative health effects associated with diet sodas, Penn State nutritionist Penny Kris-Etherton pointed out in an interview withCNNthat this appears to be the first looking at its association with a-fib.

"We still need more research on these beverages to confirm these findings and to fully understand all the health consequences on heart disease and other health conditions," Kris-Etherton, an American Heart Association contributor who didn't work on the study, told CNN. "In the meantime, water is the best choice, and, based on this study, no- and low-calorie sweetened beverages should be limited or avoided."

At the end of the day, drinking a bunch of diet soda is still probably not as bad for your heart as, say, excessive alcohol intake, but the risk is serious enough to take seriously and to make those pure fruit juices look all the tastier.

More on heart health:Cannabis Use Linked to Higher Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke

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Diet Sodas Linked to Heart Issues - Futurism

‘Wonder’ nanotech material that will change the world declared safe Earth.com – Earth.com

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In an era where technological advancements are rapidly transforming lives, scientists have made a significant stride in nanotechnology, focusing on graphene a material renowned for its exceptional properties and vast potential in various applications.

This revolutionary nanomaterial, celebrated for being the thinnest, strongest, and most flexible material known, is now being developed with a keen eye on human health safety.

Recent research reveals that controlled inhalation of a specific form of graphene, known as graphene oxide, does not present short-term health risks to lung or cardiovascular functions.

This finding comes from the first-ever controlled exposure clinical trial involving human participants, emphasizing the materials safety under specific conditions.

Graphene oxide, a water-compatible form of graphene, was used in this pioneering study to ensure ultra-purity and compatibility for potential medical applications.

The study, a collaborative effort by researchers from the Universities of Edinburgh and Manchester, signifies a critical step in understanding graphenes interaction with the human body.

Despite the promising results, the researchers advocate for further investigations to explore the effects of higher doses or prolonged exposure to graphene, considering its incredibly fine structure.

Graphenes allure as a wonder material stems from its discovery in 2004 and its potential to revolutionize industries ranging from electronics to water purification.

Its application in developing targeted therapies for cancer and other health conditions, as well as its use in implantable devices and sensors, underscores the need for rigorous safety assessments before clinical use.

The research involved 14 volunteers who were exposed to graphene oxide under meticulously controlled conditions.

Participants breathed in the material through a mask while cycling within a mobile exposure chamber, ensuring precise monitoring of any health effects.

The study meticulously measured impacts on lung function, blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation markers, with follow-up tests conducted to compare responses to different sizes of graphene oxide and clean air.

Remarkably, the study found no significant adverse effects on lung function or blood pressure, with only a minimal suggestion of impact on blood clotting a finding that underscores the need for careful material design in nanotechnology applications.

Dr. Mark Miller, from the University of Edinburgh, emphasized the importance of ensuring the safe manufacture of nanomaterials like graphene to harness their full potential safely.

Nanomaterials such as graphene hold such great promise, but we must ensure they are manufactured in a way that is safe before they can be used more widely in our lives, explained Dr. Miller.

Being able to explore the safety of this unique material in human volunteers is a huge step forward in our understanding of how graphene could affect the body. With careful design we can safely make the most of nanotechnology.

Similarly, Professor Kostas Kostarelos of the University of Manchester and the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) in Barcelona highlighted the decade-long journey to this research milestone.

He reflected on the comprehensive approach combining materials science, biology, and clinical expertise.

This is the first-ever controlled study involving healthy people to demonstrate that very pure forms of graphene oxide of a specific size distribution and surface character can be further developed in a way that would minimize the risk to human health, said Kostarelos.

It has taken us more than 10 years to develop the knowledge to carry out this research, from a materials and biological science point of view, but also from the clinical capacity to carry out such controlled studies safely by assembling some of the worlds leading experts in this field.

The British Heart Foundations Professor Bryan Williams lauded the studys implications for the development of new medical devices and treatments, expressing anticipation for future studies that could pave the way for the safe use of nanomaterials in life-saving applications.

The discovery that this type of graphene can be developed safely, with minimal short term side effects, could open the door to the development of new devices, treatment innovations and monitoring techniques, Williams said.

We look forward to seeing larger studies over a longer timeframe to better understand how we can safely use nanomaterials like graphene to make leaps in delivering lifesaving drugs to patients.

In summary, this exciting and long overdue study on graphene, particularly its oxide form, marks a significant milestone in the journey towards harnessing nanotechnologys full potential while prioritizing human health.

Researchers have demonstrated that controlled exposure to graphene oxide poses no immediate threat to lung or cardiovascular health, laying a foundation for future innovations in various fields, from medicine to environmental technologies.

This research reassures the public and scientific community about the safety of emerging nanomaterials and encourages continued exploration and development, ensuring that the incredible promise of graphene can be realized safely and effectively.

As we venture further into the realm of nanotechnology, this study serves as a pivotal reminder of the importance of meticulous research and responsible application in unlocking the transformative power of materials like graphene.

The full study was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.

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SpaceX launches UF/IFAS microbiology experiment to ISS – University of Florida

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eating staph infections can be tricky in the best of times. But what happens if you get infected while in space?

Thats the scenario Kelly Rice, associate professor at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, hopes to help understand. Rices experiment will be launched today, Jan. 30, to the International Space Station on a SpaceX rocket.

Staph, orStaphylococcus aureus, is a type of bacteria found in the nose or on the skin of up to 30% of humans, but under certain conditions, it can thwart a human bodys physical and immune defenses and cause severe infection. Staph infections can be particularly troublesome for people in close quarters, such as astronauts.

A previous study done by Rice and her colleagues found that the bacteria had the potential to be more dangerous to astronauts while in microgravity.

The current experiment will include growing the bacteria in enclosed canisters to better understand how microgravity affects expression of disease-spreading properties, how the bacteria grows and other factors.

We are grateful to NASA for the opportunity to study this bacteria, and the information gained may apply to other bacteria as well, Rice said. We hope that these results will help guide strategies to maintain astronaut health during long-term space flight missions.

This study was funded by a grant from the NASA Biological Sciences Divisions Space Biology Program.

Meredith Bauer January 30, 2024

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SpaceX launches UF/IFAS microbiology experiment to ISS - University of Florida

James Shapiro, MD: Insulin Production In T1D Patients After Stem Cell Therapy – MD Magazine

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Recently, data from studies developing novel cell replacement therapies to address significant unmet needs in severe disease, including type 1 diabetes (T1D).

The study in question is an ongoing, first-in-human Phase study that reported that its stem-cell therapy produced insulin in people with severe T1D. A total of 17 patients were implanted with the ViaCyte PEC-Direct device at 6 different centers, with the device comprising pancreatic cells (PEC-01) contained within pouches for subcutaneous placement.

In an interview with HCPLive, James Shapiro MD PhD, Canada Research Chair and Director of the Islet Transplant Program at the University of Alberta and lead author of the Cell Reports Medicine report, discussed the findings of the study and what they ultimately represent.

It was a very successful trial in terms of demonstrating the safety, it was absolutely safe for patients, while they were, you know, many different potential side effects on the anti rejection drugs and the minor surgeries that the patients went through, they tolerated the placement and the removal of the devices exceedingly well, Shapiro said.

The trial results indicated 34% of patients had evidence of C-peptide production, while 63% of patients had evidence of surviving insulin producing cells at different time points when the devices were taken out and examined under a microscope.

Shapiro went on to describe the next wave of trials using gene-edited products that will not require anti-rejection drugs, called PEC-QT. He noted the difference between a treatment and a cure is the limitless source of cells and lack of need for rejection drugs.

I think if that happened, then we really would have a therapy that could be given to children just diagnosed with diabetes, they could be given to patients with all forms of diabetes, not just patients with T1D, he said. So, I think this does herald a big step forward for for stem cell based therapists in the cure potential curative treatment for all forms of diabetes.

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James Shapiro, MD: Insulin Production In T1D Patients After Stem Cell Therapy - MD Magazine

Donald Trump’s ‘miracle drug’ for COVID killed nearly 17000 people, reveals new study – Hindustan Times

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A drug promoted by former US President Donald Trump to cure COVID-19 has been linked to nearly 17,000 deaths, according to a new study. During the COVID pandemic, Trump urged Americans to take hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an anti-malaria medicine that is also often used to cure rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, claiming that he himself had been taking the miracle drug.

After the outbreak of coronavirus, scientists suggested that HCQ could be effective in treating the deadly virus. On March 28, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug for an emergency use authorisation and started clinical trials.

While one scientist called the HCQ a "magic bullet" against coronavirus, Trump highlighted the "miracle" recovery made by a COVID infected woman after using the drug.

"The nice part is, it's been around for a long time...if things don't go as planned, it's not going to kill anybody," the ex-US president said during a COVID Taskforce briefing. In a tweet on March 21, 2020, he said that "FDA has moved mountains" and that the drug would be put to use "immediately" as an antidote to curb Covid transmission.

However in June 2020, the FDA revoked the emergency use authorisation of the drug as several studies, including one by New England Journal of Medicine, found HCQ had no benefit on COVID and led to significant surge in the risk of death. The FDA revoked the emergency use authorization on June 15, 2020.

A new study conducted by French researchers has found that nearly 17,000 people across six countries may have died after being prescribed hydroxychloroquine while hospitalized with the illness from March to July 2020 during the first wave of COVID. The research published in the February issue of Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy shows that increase in the number of deaths was driven by side effects like heart arrhythmia and muscle weakness.

The countries studied were the US, Turkey, Belgium, France, Spain, and Italy.

The US reported the highest numbers of deaths with 12,739, followed by Spain (1,895 deaths), Italy (1,822 deaths), Belgium (240 deaths), France (199 deaths), and Turkey (95 deaths).

The scientists analysed various studies that tracked hospitalisations due to COVID-19 and exposure to the drug and risk related to it.

The researchers said that the number of deaths could be much higher as their study only looked at only six countries between March and July 2020.

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Donald Trump's 'miracle drug' for COVID killed nearly 17000 people, reveals new study - Hindustan Times

The death rate of COVID-19 infection in different SARS-CoV-2 variants was related to C-reactive protein gene … – Nature.com

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The findings of this comprehensive study demonstrate considerable evidence that there are associations between two polymorphisms of the CRP gene (rs1205 and rs1800947) with COVID-19 mortality.

CRP levels were statistically significantly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients, as shown in this study. Several studies have found that CRP can be used as a biomarker for COVID-19 infection severity and mortality8,19. Angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2) can produce CRP when it interacts with SARSCoV220. The production of CRP by hepatocytes is stimulated by cytokines like interleukin6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) during COVID-19 development21. In one sense, CRP is responsible for activating the complement system, which contributes to inflammation. In contrast, severe COVID-19 patients will significantly damage their alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers. The alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells are capable of producing a variety of cytokines and chemokines during an infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this phase, adaptive immunity is challenged by the significant decreases in lymphocytes and the T-cell-mediated immunosuppression. Therefore, in the context of COVID-19, uncontrolled SARS-CoV-2 infection could result in considerable macrophage infiltration, exacerbating acute lung damage22,23.

A number of SNPs are associated with plasma levels of CRP on the CRP gene. In addition to rs1205 and rs1800947 in the 3- and 5-flanking regions, rs1417938 is present in the intron, and rs1800947 appears in exon 224,25.

Currently, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between CRP rs1205 and rs1800947 and COVID-19 mortality. COVID-19 death rates were significantly higher in patients with the CRP rs1205 T allele. In all patients, the MAF (T allele) was 0.42, which was lower in recovered patients (0.30) than in died patients (0.55). In other regions, the T allele was found in 0.597 Asians, 0.609 East Asians, 0.342 South Asians, 0.545 other Asians, 0.332 Europeans, 0.333 Latin Americans, and 0.201 Africans, as reported in the NCBI dbSNP database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1205).

Several studies have demonstrated that CRP levels are functionally influenced by the rs1205 SNP. CRP is a major component of the innate immune system, so this SNP may have an impact on SARS-Co-2 pathogenesis. A genome-wide association meta-analysis found that an intron variant (rs67579710) was associated with COVID-19 hospitalizations in 24,741 cases and 2,835,201 controls. Due to its location within the thrombospondin-3 gene, this variant may affect thrombosis related to COVID-19 rather than inflammatory pathways26,27.

According to the current study, all three variants of CRP rs1205 T allele were correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Several studies have found that CRP rs1205 affects both clinical outcomes and vaccination outcomes. It has been suggested that the frequency of rs1205 T allele was significantly higher in patients with community-acquired pneumonia compared with healthy controls, and T allele was associated with an increased risk of infection. Furthermore, the rs1205 CT and TT genotypes were substantially more common in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia than those with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia18.

As shown in our study, numerous studies with different diseases have shown that the rs1205 T allele is associated with lower serum CRP levels18,28. Since the rs1205 TT genotype results in lower serum CRP levels and is associated with lymph node metastasis in this form of cancer, rs1205 may be associated with thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer, myocardial infarction, systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis29,30. In studies with higher baseline CRP levels, pre-eclampsia risk is positively correlated with CRP genotypes. In contrast, as in the current study, CRP genotypes (including the rs1205 T allele) associated with lower CRP levels and have been correlated with greater infectious load. There may have been balanced selection on CRP polymorphisms during evolution because of these disparate effects18,31,32.

In this study, patients with the CRP rs1800947 G allele had a significantly higher death rate from COVID-19. In all patients, the MAF (G allele) was 0.47, with recovery patients having a lower value (0.40) than dying patients having a higher value (0.54). A study in Iran found that the frequency of G-allele was 0.45, which is similar to what we found in our study33. According to NCBI dbSNP database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1800947), Asians and East Asians were most likely to have the G allele 0.036, South Asians 0.000, other Asians 0.040, Europeans 0.056, Latin Americans 0.024, and Africans 0.010, respectively.

According to our results, the COVID-19 mortality rate was correlated with CRP rs1800947 GG genotype in all three variants, as well as with CRP rs1800947 CG genotype in the Alpha and Delta variants of the gene.

There is a strong association between the CRP rs1800947 and CRP expression and it has been shown to be associated with heart disease, diabetes, and cancer33,34,35. In contrast to the results of this study, previous reports have demonstrated that C-allele carriers have lower plasma levels of CRP than GG genotype. Clinical diagnosis and severity assessment of community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19 are based on serum CRP levels19,36,37. The high mortality rate in deceased people infected with COVID-19 with GG genotype could be due to their higher serum CRP levels.

There is no correlation between the majority of SNPs and diseases or functional issues. In contrast, if SNPs are located on genes or regulatory regions such as promoters, enhancers, they may influence the function of genes involved in disease mechanisms36. CRP rs1800947 may have different effects. Since the rs1800947 SNP is silent, the mechanism behind expressed CRP levels could be linkage disequilibrium between the rs1800947 polymorphism and other functional SNPs both inside and outside the CRP gene. There is also the possibility that this polymorphism alters the kinetics of CRP translation, causing variable levels of CRP throughout the body38.

In this study, several limitations were observed that should be considered in future studies. Because there were no healthy controls in this study, the outcomes were not compared with healthy controls. This study should be confirmed with more research on other ethnic groups in Iran, since this country has a variety of ethnicities.

In conclusion, this study showed that COVID-19 mortality rate was correlated with CRP rs1205 TT genotypes and CRP rs1800947 GG genotypes across all three variants. In addition, higher CRP levels were observed in individuals with the CRP rs1205 CC genotype and the CRP rs1800947 GG genotype. To verify these findings, further research should be conducted in other regions.

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The death rate of COVID-19 infection in different SARS-CoV-2 variants was related to C-reactive protein gene ... - Nature.com

DeepSouth Supercomputer: A Revolutionary Project to Simulate the Human Brain – Medriva

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In a groundbreaking feat of technology and neuroscience, a supercomputer designed to simulate the entire human brain is set to be operational in 2024. This ambitious venture, known as the DeepSouth project, promises to replicate human brain functions and behaviors, with the potential to revolutionize our understanding of neurological disorders, artificial intelligence, and cognitive processes.

DeepSouth, the worlds first human brain-scale supercomputer, is being developed at Western Sydney University. Once activated, it will be capable of 228 trillion synaptic operations per second. This astonishing rate of operations rivals the estimated rate at which the human brain processes information. Interestingly, the human brain accomplishes this feat while using a considerably small amount of power. Understanding this efficiency is one of the key ambitions of the DeepSouth project.

The DeepSouth supercomputer takes a neuromorphic approach to replicate the human brain. This means it is designed to emulate large networks of spiking neurons, closely imitating the biological processes that occur in our brains. The project involves a collaboration of scientists and researchers from various fields, all working together to develop a supercomputer capable of mimicking the complex functions of the human brain, including consciousness and emotions.

The supercomputers potential applications extend far beyond academic curiosity. It is expected to be a game changer for the study of neuroscience, offering unprecedented insights into how our brains work. This could lead to significant advancements in diagnosing, managing, and treating neurological disorders.

Moreover, the supercomputer holds promise for the field of artificial intelligence (AI). By understanding how the human brain processes vast amounts of information so efficiently, engineers could design more efficient AI systems. This could dramatically improve a wide range of technologies, from autonomous vehicles to voice recognition software.

DeepSouths potential impact extends to diverse fields such as sensing, biomedical, robotics, space, and large-scale AI applications. The supercomputer could revolutionize these sectors by providing a deeper understanding of human cognition and its efficient processes. In essence, the DeepSouth project brings us a step closer to fully understanding the brains complex mechanisms, a frontier that remains largely unexplored in science.

With the DeepSouth supercomputer set to be operational by April 2024, the countdown to this remarkable scientific achievement has begun. As we approach this milestone, the anticipation surrounding the project continues to build. While its too early to predict exactly what the DeepSouth project will uncover, one thing is for sure this pioneering venture stands to significantly advance our understanding of the brain, its processes, and its potential.

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DeepSouth Supercomputer: A Revolutionary Project to Simulate the Human Brain - Medriva

Readers Want Publications to Label AI-Generated Content

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Trust Issues

With levels of distrust towards the news reaching new heights, some publications have begun experimenting with publishing artificial intelligence-generated content — which has been an unmitigated disaster in many instances.

And as it turns out, readers are becoming increasingly wary of the trend, which could only serve to erode their trust even further.

According to a new preprint study by researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Minnesota, readers want news media to disclose if the article was AI-generated. But they also tend to trust news organizations less if they use AI-generated articles unless they list other articles that have served as sources for the AI-generated content.

"As news organizations increasingly look toward adopting AI technologies in their newsrooms," the researchers write, "our results hold implications for how disclosures about these techniques may contribute to or further undermine audience confidence in the institution of journalism at a time in which its standing with the public is especially tenuous."

Full Disclosure

For their study, the researchers surveyed 1,483 people English speakers located in the United States and presented them with a batch of political news articles that were AI-generated. Some were labeled as created by AI and some were not. Others were labeled as AI and contained a list of news articles that served as sources.

The researchers then asked the readers to rate the trustworthiness of news organizations by looking at the articles. The researchers found that readers rated content from news organizations that published articles labeled as AI-generated lower on an 11-point trust scale compared to news organizations that had articles with no disclosure.

Interestingly, articles that were labeled as being AI-generated weren't deemed by participants as being "less accurate or more biased," according to the paper. This tracks with the results of the appended survey participants also filled out: more than 80 percent of them want news organizations to label if content was AI-generated.

The researchers also noted some important limitations of their study, including pre-existing partisan divides and the associated variation in the amount of trust in the media. People may have also been put off by the lack of real-world associations of the mock news organizations named in the study.

It's a heavily nuanced topic that highlights the need for further research as well as more disclosure and a thorough vetting of generated content by news orgs.

"I don’t think all audiences will inevitably see all uses of these technologies in newsrooms as a net negative," coauthor and University of Minnesota researcher Benjamin Toff told Nieman Lab, "and I am especially interested in whether there are ways of describing these applications that may actually be greeted positively as a reason to be more trusting rather than less."

More on AI content: Sports Illustrated Union Says It’s "Horrified" by Publication of AI-Generated Writers

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Readers Want Publications to Label AI-Generated Content

Anti-Cancer Pill Shows Promising Results in Human Experiment

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A cancer-combating pill called divarasib could be a breakthrough in treating a specific form of bowel cancer.

In its latest round of early human trials, a drug called divarasib has shown promising results in treating a specific form of bowel cancer, outshining existing alternatives.

In a new study published in the journal Nature Medicine, researchers at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Center in Australia found that when divarasib is combined with another cancer treatment called cetuximab, 62 percent of patients with tumors caused by a mutation in the KRAS gene experienced a positive outcome, which means that their tumors were either completely eradicated or reduced in size.

When used on its own, previous research found the pill yields a still impressive 35.9 percent positive response rate, notes NewAtlas, and is overall 20 times more effective than other treatments that also target the same cancer.

Despite the promising results, it's a very targeted drug that will only be effective for a small proportion of colon cancer patients. The mutation, KRAS G12C, affects a protein that controls cell division and occurs only in four percent of colon or rectal (colorectal) cancer cases, according to the researchers.

However, because KRAS G12C cancer is commonly tested for and has such a poor prognosis, doctors could quickly identify the patients that would benefit from divarasib, providing immediate — and potentially life-saving — relief.

"The median progression-free survival for patients in the study" — the amount of time during or after the treatment they were able to live without the cancer getting worse — "was just over eight months and the treatment was well tolerated with manageable side effects," said study lead author Jayesh Desai, a medical oncologist at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, in a statement.

"While this is not a head-to-head trial, the response rates are better than what we have seen with other treatments that work on the KRAS G12C mutation pathway," he added, referring to trials that directly compare different therapies.

Existing treatments for KRAS G12C bowel cancer such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy provided only modest results. Their main drawback is that they're non-selective, targeting the whole body rather than homing in on the deadly tumors — a problem that divarasib seemingly promises to circumvent.

"We are very hopeful that this combination of divarasib with cetuximab will translate into better outcomes for our colorectal cancer patients," Desai said.

More on cancer: Scientists Intrigued by Clever Trick That Makes Cancer Cells Self-Destruct

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Anti-Cancer Pill Shows Promising Results in Human Experiment